Sister chromatids are there in the primary oocytes if there are 46 single chromosomes in the Oogonium is 92 chromatids
Fertilization is the process of fusion of ovum and sperm cells to produce diploid cells. Diploid cells are cells that consist of 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs of chromosomes.
A chromatid is one of the two replicated arms of a chromosome formed by duplication of chromosomes during S phase or Interphase synthesis. The chromatids consist of two arms namely the p arm and the q arm, and during mitosis the fixed chromatids are joined to the centromere and are called sister chromatids. So that the 46 single chromosomes in the primary oocyte have 92 chromatids because each chromosome has 2 chromatid arms.
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how many chromosomes do humans have in each body cell
Answer:
46
Explanation:
In your own words, explain what machiavelli advises regarding normal moral ideas such as honesty, trust, and faithfulness. How does his estimate of human nature affect his position?.
Machiavelli advises that a ruler should not rely on normal moral ideas such as honesty, trust, and faithfulness, as he believes that human nature is inherently selfish and untrustworthy.
What other advice does Machiavelli give for creating a successful state? Machiavelli advises leaders to avoid the normal moral ideas of honesty, trust, and faithfulness if they conflict with the overall interest of the state. He believes that it is more important to prioritize the well-being of the state over personal morality. He recommends that leaders should act with courage and determination, and be willing to make difficult decisions if necessary. He also advises leaders to develop a strong military and be strategic about their alliances. He believes in the importance of maintaining a balance of power in order to avoid being overpowered. Additionally, Machiavelli encourages leaders to be wise and judicious, and to be aware of potential threats to the state. He suggests that leaders should be open to advice and counsel from their advisors and experts, and be prepared to adapt to changing circumstances.To learn more about human nature affect refer to:
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which process requires the presence of oxygen to produce energy?
Cellular respiration is the process that requires the presence of oxygen to produce energy.
Cellular respiration is a vital process for all living organisms, as it is necessary for the production of energy.
This process requires the presence of oxygen in order to be successful, meaning that the organism must be able to obtain oxygen from its environment.
During cellular respiration, the organism takes in oxygen and uses it to break down organic molecules such as glucose, producing energy and releasing carbon dioxide as a byproduct. This energy is then used to fuel the organism's metabolic processes and enable it to function.
Without oxygen, cellular respiration would not take place, and the organism would be unable to survive.
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minor items such as nails and glue are usually considered to be ______.
Minor items such as nails and glue are usually considered to be indirect materials.
Indirect materials refer to materials that are used in the production process but do not become part of the finished product. These materials may include items such as office supplies, cleaning supplies, and fuel for equipment. They are considered indirect because they are not directly traceable to the finished product and are typically used in support of the production process. Indirect materials are considered overhead costs, as opposed to direct materials which are direct costs associated with the production of a specific product.
Additionally, indirect materials can include items such as packaging materials, lubricants, and adhesives. They are typically considered indirect costs because they are not specifically identifiable with a particular product or job and cannot be easily traced to a specific unit of production.
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How do i find the carrying capacity ??
Answer:
multiply the rate of population increase, by the size, then again by 1 minus the size, then finally divide by the change in size.
Is it possible for two
parents that both have a recessive trait to pass off the
dominant trait to their offspring? Explain please!!
Answer: yes it is possible and the reason behind this is DNA and RNA.
Explanation: DNA and RNA are direct factors affects the child. Traits of parents DNA are highly influential for a child growing inside womb. Also the psychological reason can also help passing trait of parents to children as even in womb child observe all the energy, surrounding and behaviour.
Match each image to the
correct step of the cell cycle.
MA
7605
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
The matching of each image to the correct cell of the cell cycle is as follows: Interphase: Most Last picture. Metaphase: Third picture. Anaphase: Fourth picture. Telophase: Second picture. Cytokinesis: First picture.
What are is a cell?the smallest unit that can live on its own and that makes up all living organisms and the tissues of the body. A cell has three main parts: the cell membrane, the nucleus, and the cytoplasm.
Why it is called cell?Robert Hooke suggested the name cell in 1665, from the Latin cell meaning storeroom or chamber, after using a very early microscope to look at a piece of cork. is also said that he thought that the rectangular chambers looked like the cells in some monasteries.
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The following is how each picture is matched to the appropriate cell in the cell cycle: Interphase: The final image. Third image, the metaphase. Anagram: Fourth image. Second image: the telophase. Cytokinesis: the first image.
What exactly are cells?the largest unit that can sustain life on its own and makes all living things, including the body's tissues. The epithelial tissue, the core, and the fluid are the three primary components of a cell.
How come it is called a cell?Robert Hooke first up the idea for the eponymous cell in 1665 after using a very primitive camera to study a piece of cork. The term comes from the Latin word organelle, which denotes a chamber or storage area. It is also asserted that he thought the rectangle-shaped areas looked similar to certain monastery cells.
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Are green leaves carbon or nitrogen?.
High levels of carbon and low levels of nitrogen can be found in leaves. Nitrogen is necessary for the metabolism and growth of the microbes that break down organic matter such as leaves and other types of organic matter.
More consideration must be given to the carbon-nitrogen balance because leaves are primarily composed of carbon (60 parts carbon to 1 part nitrogen). The right ratio of leaves to green material or manure will not only result in a more nutrient-rich end product, but it will also speed up the production of compost.In plants, nitrogen makes up a portion of the chlorophyll. The green pigment in leaves and stems is called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll absorbs light energy and uses it to convert it into sugars that the plant can use.To know more about Green leaves here
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How many biosafety levels are there for selected infectious agents?OneTwoThreeFour
There are four different levels of biosafety. For the containment of germs and biological agents, each level has unique restrictions.
Biosafety is the practice of taking preventative measures to lessen the possibility of a laboratory worker coming into contact with a potentially contagious bacterium and to prevent contamination of the workplace and, eventually, the community. The main factors that affect containment levels are infectivity, disease severity, transmissibility, and the type of activity being done. The source of the microorganism or substance in question, as well as the exposure route, are crucial. Laboratory procedures, safety gear, and facility construction all require specialized containment controls that vary depending on the biosafety level. The levels of biosafety are BSL-1 through BSL-4. The controls of each level in the biosafety hierarchy are built upon. Regardless of the biosafety level, standard microbiological procedures are followed in every microbiology laboratory.
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the gene pool of a population consists of __________.
The gene pool of a population consists of every type of allele at every locus in every member of the population
A gene pool is the sum of all the genes (including alleles) in a reproducing population or species. A big gene pool has more genetic variety and can survive environmental stressors.
The Gene Pool. A population's gene pool is the total set of alleles present in the population. Frequencies of alleles. A measure of an allele's relative frequency in a population. This is obtained by dividing the total number of alleles by the number of each type of allele.
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this gland secretes melatonin, a hormone that may help regulate when you sleep at night
Pineal gland secretes melatonin, a hormone that may help regulate when you sleep at night.
The pineal gland in the brain is primarily responsible for producing the naturally occurring hormone melatonin. Your circadian rhythm and sleep–wake cycle are better under your control. There is still a lot that scientists don't know about all of its impacts on the human body. Your pineal gland, a tiny gland in your brain, is primarily responsible for producing the hormone melatonin, which is a natural steroid. Your endocrine system includes your pineal gland.
When it is dark outside, your pineal gland produces the most melatonin; when you are exposed to light, it produces less. This means that during the daytime, melatonin levels in your blood are low, while at night, they are at their highest. Your pineal gland releases melatonin for a longer period of time the longer the night.
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genetic diversity leads to _____ in a species. This means that
individuals in a species have _____ in their alleles and ______.
If ______conditions shift, a species with greater genetic diversity
has a _____ chance of having individuals who are better suited to
the new conditions...and the species can adapt and survive.
Therefore, genetic diversity is directly linked to
_____survivorship through natural selection and adaptation.
Genetic diversity is also linked to _____ as an accumulation of
genetic differences and natural selection can act together to result
in new species. In contrast, asexual reproduction only produces
_____, so if environmental conditions kill one, they kill ____.
(words: all, individual, better, variation, species, phenotypes, genetic diversity, worse, speciation, environmental, clones.
Genetic diversity leads to variation in a species. This means that
individuals in a species have genetic diversity in their alleles and phenotypes.
If environmental conditions shift, a species with greater genetic diversity
has a better chance of having individuals who are better suited to
the new conditions...and the species can adapt and survive.
Therefore, genetic diversity is directly linked to individual survivorship through natural selection and adaptation.
Genetic diversity is also linked to speciation as an accumulation of
genetic differences and natural selection can act together to result
in new species. In contrast, asexual reproduction only produces
clones, so if environmental conditions kill one, they kill all.
What is genetic diversity?The total number of genetic traits that make up a species' genetic makeup is known as genetic diversity, and it can be related to how long a species has been around by considering both the number of species and the variations that exist within species.
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Which one of the following is not a function of glial cells?
A. Protection of neurons from pathogens
B. Insulation of neurons
C. Synthesizing neurotransmitters for neurons
D. Providing nourishment to neurons
Answer:
B.insulation of neurons.
A culture of yeast grows at a rate proportional to its size. If the initial population is cells and it doubles after hours, answer the following questions.
The number of yeast cells will increase at the following rate at eight hours: 377
The expression for the number of yeast cells after t hours is - 3000 + 2t.
After 88 hours, there are 3016 yeast cells overall.
The number of yeast cells is increasing at a rate of 377 yeasts per hour after 8 hours.
The expression for the number of yeast cells after t hours is
= 3000 + (2 × t)
= 3000 + 2t
The quantity of yeast cells after 8 hours will be:
= 3000 + 2t
= 3000 + 2(8) (8)
= 3000 + 16
= 3016
The number of yeast cells will be increasing at the following rate at eight hours: = 3016/8 = 377
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Question:-
A culture of yeast grows at a rate proportional to its size. If the initial population is 3000 cells and it doubles after 2 hours, answer the following questions.
(a) Write an expression for the number of yeast cells after t hours.
(b) Find the number of yeast cells after 8 hours.
Which of the following statements about mitosis is incorrect?
A.The daughter nuclei are genetically identical to the parent nucleus
B. Chromosomes separate during anaphase due to the interaction of polar microtubules from opposite poles pushing against each other
C. Chromosomes separate during anaphase when the kinetochore microtubules shorten as they depolymerize
D. Chromosomes move to the metaphase plate using motor proteins, a kind of kinesin, attached to spindle fibers
The statement that is incorrect about mitosis is Chromosomes separate during anaphase due to the interaction of polar microtubules from opposite poles pushing against each other. Thus, the correct option is B.
Mitosis refers to a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth.
Chromosomes separate during anaphase when the kinetochore microtubules shorten as they depolymerize. The daughter cells contain same genetic material as of parent. It consists of 4 phases, namely prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.
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What are the differences between clastic, chemical, and organic sedimentary rocks?
Clastic sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation and compression of fragments of preexisting rocks or minerals, chemical sedimentary rocks are formed by precipitation of minerals from a solution, and organic sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation and compression of remains of plants or animals.
What are sedimentary rocks?Clastic, chemical, and organic sedimentary rocks are types of sedimentary rocks that form through different processes and have distinct characteristics.
Clastic sedimentary rocks are made up of fragments of other rocks, minerals, or fossils. These fragments, known as clasts, are transported by wind, water, or ice and then deposited in a new location. Examples of clastic sedimentary rocks include sandstone, shale, and conglomerate.Chemical sedimentary rocks form through precipitation of minerals from water. They can also form by chemical precipitation from other fluids like mineral rich hot springs. Examples of chemical sedimentary rocks include limestone, dolomite, and rock salt.Organic sedimentary rocks form from the accumulation and compression of organic material, such as plant or animal remains. Examples of organic sedimentary rocks include coal, oil shale, and some limestones.Learn more about sedimentary rocks, here:
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Based on the periods of the stars , which three start the same most luminous?
The brightest stars, paradoxically, are among the least researched by astronomers, yet there has been at least one recent effort to record their brightness.
which three are the luminous stars ?
the list of the three most luminous stars are as follows they are sun, sirius, canopus. and not just that the list has the numerous number of stars like rigel, procyon and so on
The brightest stars, paradoxically, are among the least researched by astronomers, yet there has been at least one recent effort to record their brightness. The fluctuation in brightness between stars is being measured by the BRITE (BRight Target Explorer) constellation of nanosatellites. Austria, Canada, and Poland are among the countries involved in the six-satellite initiative. In 2022, five of the satellites are still functioning.
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initiates the synthesis dna by creating a short rna segment
Conflation of DNA begins with the conformation of a short RNA member called an generator.
This generator binds to a template beachfront of DNA and acts as a manual for DNA conflation. Priming of DNA conflation is essential because it provides a starting point for the addition of deoxyribonucleotides to the growing DNA beachfront.
The inauguration of DNA conflation requires the list of the generator to the template beachfront of DNA, which is done through reciprocal base pairing. Once the generator is bound to the template DNA beachfront, DNA polymerase begins to synthesize the new beachfront of DNA. During this process, the generator acts as a manual and provides the 3 ’ end of the template
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the right atrioventricular valve prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the __________.
Blood cannot flow backward from the right ventricle into the right atrium thanks to the right atrioventricular valve.
While the human heart beats, four valves that guarantee blood flowing in the proper direction open and close. They make two noises when they open and close, simulating the sound of a heartbeat. The four valves are the aortic, mitral, pulmonary, and tricuspid valves. A cardiac murmur is typically the first sign of a heart valve problem. The right atrium, one of the upper chambers of the heart, is important in blood circulation. It collects blood that has become anaemic and directs it into the lungs. Issues with the right atrium might develop from birth or as a result of problems with the heart's muscles or valves.They could be connected to arrhythmias, blood clots, and cardiac failure.
complete question:
The right atrioventricular valve prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the __________.
left ventricle
pulmonary trunk
right atrium
left atrium
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What is the end product of Calvin cycle Mcq?.
Glucose is the Calvin cycle's final product.
The Calvin cycle reactions add carbon (from atmospheric carbon dioxide) to a simple five-carbon molecule known as RuBP. These reactions make use of the chemical energy generated by the light reactions, NADPH and ATP.
Two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) molecules, three ADP molecules, and two NADP+ molecules are the immediate products of one turn of the Calvin cycle. (ADP and NADP+ are not technically "products. They are regenerated and then reused in light-dependent reactions). Each G3P molecule has three carbons.
The Calvin cycle produces glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P). It is a three-carbon sugar that serves as the foundation for the synthesis of other carbohydrates. Some of this G3P is used to regenerate the RuBP, allowing the cycle to continue, but some is available for molecular synthesis and is used to produce fructose diphosphate.
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Why do we only use the fine focus knob on the 10x and 40x objectives?
Depending on the model, the objective lens can magnify objects at varying powers, but 10x and 40x are common. In comparison to 10x magnification, 40x magnification is longer. As a result, in order to prevent scratches from slides, only the fine focus knob should be used with the 40x lens.
Why don't you use coarse focus on 40X?To avoid damaging a lens or breaking a slide when using 10x and 40x objectives, only use the fine focus knob. Keep one hand on the arm and one under the base of the microscope whenever you carry it. One type of light source for some microscopes could be a mirror.Both coarse and fine adjustment With the lowest power objective lens, just the coarse adjustment knob should be used. All you'll need to do is utilise the fine focus once it's in focus. The lens could crash into the slide if the coarse focus is used with higher powered lenses.When using low power (4X and 10X) objectives, ONLY utilise the coarse adjustment knob. Use the fine adjustment ONLY, never the coarse adjustment when focusing under the 40X or 100X objective.To Learn more About objective lens refer To:
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Which hormone stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk after childbirth?
The hormone that stimulates mammary glands to produce milk after childbirth is prolactin.
This hormone is produced by the pituitary gland, which is located in the brain. It is released into the bloodstream shortly after childbirth and helps the mammary glands to produce milk.
Prolactin not only helps the mammary glands to produce milk, but it also helps to regulate the amount of milk that is produced. It is essential for successful breastfeeding.
After childbirth, the hormone prolactin stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk. Prolactin is produced by the pituitary gland, and its release is regulated by the hypothalamus.
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PLEASE HURRY
Universal Gravitation applies to _________________________________________________.
a mainly planets and moons
b all objects
c only our solar system
d only one direction
Why was Copernicus' model of the universe considered controversial?
a It was not supported by observations.
b It was mostly incorrect.
c It contradicted religious doctrine of the time.
d It was a complex model.
Answer:
Universal Gravitation applies to __B. All Objects___.
Why was Copernicus' model of the universe considered controversial?
B. It was mostly incorrect.
Explanation:
Hope it helps:)
Ptolemy's model first became a generally accepted model of the universe in the early days of astronomy. This model described the earth as being motionless and occupied the center of the universe.
A table shaking model was proposed by Copernicus, which has come to be referred to as the heliocentric model of the universe. In this model, the earth is depicted as orbiting the sun about its own axis, and so did other planets. The sun now lies at the center of the solar system, surrounded by the planets.
This theory removed the supposed "uniqueness" of the earth among other planets, which sparked outrage, especially from the Roman Catholic church, since the idea was diametrically opposed to the scientific ideas prevalent at that time.
Use evidence to explain the effects of draining a peatland on the ecosystem. Predict how these changes could affect global ecosystems if global temperatures continue to rise. Give specific examples to justify your prediction. Type your answer in the space provided.
A peatland's drainage for agricultural purposes and other human activities, as well as changes in weather patterns and sea levels, have an adverse influence on the ecology, which supports a vast range of plant and animal species.
Tell us about draining a peatland?
A peatland is a form of wetland environment that is characterized by the buildup of peat, a type of soil made up of partially decayed plant material, and is referred to as an ecosystem that has been drained. Bogs, fens, and mires are only a few types of peatlands that may be found all over the world.
Peatlands are special environments that sustain a broad diversity of plant and animal species, therefore draining one can have a tremendous influence on the ecology. The water table drops when a peatland is drained, which may result in the loss of wetland ecosystems and the species that rely on them. As the peat dries up and decomposes, this may also result in a rise in the amount of carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere.
The peatlands of Southeast Asia, which have been extensively drained for agriculture and other human endeavors, are one particular illustration of this. Due to this, habitats for rare species like the Sumatran rhinoceros and orangutans have lost their homes, and the release of large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
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Why doesn t protease digest the stomach and small intestine?.
The small intestine, pancreas, and stomach all manufacture protease. The stomach and small intestine are where the majority of chemical reactions take place.
Pepsin is the primary digestive enzyme that targets proteins in the stomach. When protein molecules enter the small intestine, a number of additional pancreatic enzymes begin to function. Due to the mucus-producing epithial cells that line the stomach, the stomach cannot digest itself. The stomach lining and the contents are separated by this barrier. The stomach wall contains glands without a mucus barrier, which release enzymes, which are a component of the digestive juices.
The proximal small intestine receives proteases from the pancreas, which combine with proteins that have already been altered by gastric secretions to create amino acids.
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Briefly describe how you set up a wet mount.
A wet mount is a technique used in microscopy to view a sample suspended in a liquid. To set up a wet mount, you will need the following materials:
A microscope slideA coverslipThe sample you wish to view (in a liquid)A dropper or pipetteThe basic steps to set up a wet mount are:
Obtain a microscope slide and a coverslip.
Using a dropper or pipette, place a small droplet of the liquid containing the sample on the center of the microscope slide.
Carefully lower the coverslip onto the droplet of liquid, making sure to avoid trapping any bubbles between the coverslip and the slide.
Use the microscope to view the sample.
Keep in mind that depending on the sample and the type of microscope you are using, you may need to adjust the focus, light intensity, and magnification settings.
It is also important to remember that some samples may require special staining or fixation techniques before being placed in the wet mount. Additionally, some samples may not be suitable for wet mount because they are not transparent enough or can't be preserved in a liquid medium.
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Tongue rolling is dominant to not being able to roll your tongue. Mr. Chonko can roll his tongue, and
for the three
his genotype i Tt. Mrs. Chonko cannot roll her tongue. What are the possible outcomes
Chonko daughters? *Use letter T.
Genotypes
Phenotypes
Percent
We don't allow inquiries longer than 32 words, therefore "Genotypes" and any following terms were ignored. The ability to rolling one's tongue is still a dominant trait (R); people with the genetic condition are unable to do so. however, his mother might.
Why am I unable to use my tongue?
An allele of said gene known as the dominant allele is responsible for the capacity to roll one's tongue. One or more copies of said dominant gene confer the ability to twist one's tongue. A person who is born with four recessive alleles is unable to bend their tongue.
What is the likelihood that their offspring will roll their tongues?
Each child has a 50% probability of carrying the tongue-rolling heterozygous genotype and a 50% chance of carrying the Tongue rolling genotypes are homozygous recessive. If a child is heterozygous, due to total dominance, it will exhibit the phenotypic of a tongue roller.
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We don't allow inquiries longer than 32 words, therefore "Genotypes" and any following terms were ignored. The ability to rolling one's tongue is still a dominant trait (R); people with the genetic condition are unable to do so. however, his mother might.
Why am I unable to use my tongue?An allele of said gene known as the dominant allele is responsible for the capacity to roll one's tongue. One or more copies of said dominant gene confer the ability to twist one's tongue. A person who is born with four recessive alleles is unable to bend their tongue.
What is the likelihood that their offspring will roll their tongues?Each child has a 50% probability of carrying the tongue-rolling heterozygous genotype and a 50% chance of carrying the Tongue rolling genotypes are homozygous recessive. If a child is heterozygous, due to total dominance, it will exhibit the phenotypic of a tongue roller.
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how does glucagon cause the blood glucose level to decrease
By promoting hepatic glucose synthesis, the glucoregulatory peptide hormone glucagon works to offset the effects of insulin and raise blood glucose levels.
What is the structure and Synthesis of Glucagon?The pancreatic alpha cells primarily secrete the 29-amino acid peptide hormone known as glucagon. It comes from the precursor proglucagon, which is metabolized into a number of similar peptide hormones. Intestinal enteroendocrine L cells, pancreatic islet alpha cells, and brain stem and hypothalamus neurons all express proglucagon to varying degrees (8,9). Prohormone convertase 1/3 (PC1/3) and prohormone convertase 2 (PC2), which are processing enzymes, carry out the proglucagon processing, respectively. Proglucagon is converted to glucagon by PC2 in the pancreas, whereas PC1 is responsible for the conversion of proglucagon in the gut and the brain, resulting in the creation of GLP-1 and GLP-2 (9).To Learn more About hormone glucagon refer to:
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unspecialized cells that retain the ability to become a wide variety of specialized cells called
Answer:
Stem cells
Explanation:
The principle that states that two different species cannot occupy the same niche in a given habitat is called what?a. Pauli exclusionb. competitive exclusionc. mutual exclusiond. intraspecific competition
'Competitive Exclusion' is basically the principle that states that two different species cannot occupy the same niche in a given habitat.
What do you mean by species?
In biology, a species is a group of organisms that share a common set of characteristics and are capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. Species are vital components of the natural world, and are used as a way to group and categorize similar organisms.
Competitive exclusion is the principle that states that two different species cannot occupy the same niche in a given habitat because they will compete for the same resources. This means that one species will inevitably outcompete the other, leading to one species being excluded from the habitat. This competition can occur in many different ways, such as competition for food, light, space, or mates. The principle of competitive exclusion is an important consideration when looking at population dynamics and species interactions in an ecosystem.
Hence, option B is correct.
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