71.43 J of work is required, using an ideal Carnot refrigerator, to remove 1 j of heat energy from helium at 4 k and eject this heat to a room temperature (293 k) environment
coefficient of performance = T / ΔT
= 4 / 293 - 4 = 0.014
Qc (heat) = work * coefficient of performance
work = Qc / coefficient of performance
= 1 / 0.014 = 71.43 J
71.43 J of work is required
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a 4.0 kg mass (m1) moving at 4.0 m/s collides with a stationary 8.0 kg mass (m2) at rest. if m1 moves at 2.0 m/s after the collision, what is the velocity of m2 after the collision?
The velocity of m2 after the collision is 1 m/s.
The conservation of momentum states that, inside some problem domain, the quantity of momentum remains regular; momentum is neither created nor destroyed, however, best changed via the motion of forces as described via Newton's legal guidelines of motion.
Calculation:-
Given,
mass 1 = 4 kg
v1 = 4 m/s
mass 2 = 8 kg
v2 = 0 stationary
final velocity V'1 = 2 m/s
Let the final velocity of V'2 =?
applying conservation of linear momentum
m1v1 + m2V2 = mV'1 + m2V'2
4× 4 + 8×0 = 4×2 + 8×V'2
16 = 8 +8V'2
V'2 = 8/8
= 1 m/s
The regulation of conservation of momentum states that in an isolated system the entire momentum of or more of our bodies performing upon each other remains steady until an outside pressure is implemented. therefore, momentum can neither be created nor destroyed.
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What is the weight a 100 kg object on the Earth and in Jupiter, respectively? If the gravity of the moon = 1.62 m/s2, Earth= 9.81 m/s2, and Jupiter = 24.79 m/s2
The weight of the 100kg object on Earth and Jupiter is as follows:
Earth = 981NJupiter = 2479NHow to calculate weight?Weight is the force on an object due to the gravitational attraction between it and the Earth (or whatever astronomical object it is primarily influenced by).
This suggests that the weight of an object is determined by the gravitational attraction of the planet it is in (location). Mass of an object cannot change but the weight of an object is subjective to location.
The weight of an object can be calculated by multiplying the mass of the object by acceleration due to gravity of the planet it is as follows:
W = m × a
According to this question, the weight of an 100kilograms object on Earth and Jupiter can be calculated as follows:
On Earth = 100kg × 9.81m/s² = 981NOn Jupiter = 100kg × 24.79m/s² = 2479NLearn more about weight at: https://brainly.com/question/19099182
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during each cycle of operation, the thermal energy input to a heat engine is 400 j and the exhaust is 300 j. this engine's efficiency is
The calculated efficiency of heat engine during each cycle is 25%.
What is heat engine and its efficiency?A heat engine is a machine that transforms heat energy into usable mechanical work for people. The process is carried out using a straightforward apparatus. The ratio of the work a heat engine performs to the heat it absorbs throughout each cycle is referred to as the heat engine's efficiency. It can also be referred to as the heat engine's thermal efficiency. If there is the greatest difference between the hot and cold reservoirs, a heat engine can operate at its maximum efficiency. There is no unit for efficiency.
A formula and a symbol can be used to indicate the efficiency of the heat engine, which is a fraction of the heat and useful work produced. The formula for heat engine efficiency is,
η= [tex]\frac{W}{Q1}[/tex]
where,
η= Thermal efficiency, W= Acquired useful work, Q1= Given heat energy
The energy given to the heat engine= 400 Joule
And the energy exhausted by the heat engine= 300 Joule
So, during each cycle of operation, the engine's efficiency can be calculated by:
η= [tex]\frac{Q1-Q2}{Q1}[/tex]
η= [tex]\frac{400-300}{400}[/tex]
η= [tex]\frac{1}{4}[/tex]
Therefore, this heat engine is found to be 25% efficient.
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If a coil of wire in a magnetic field rotates 60 degrees, it provides an emf averaging 0.17 v . if the coil consists of 3 loops of radius 0.50 m and the magnetic field has a strength of 9.0 mt , how long does it take the coil to complete its rotation? assume the coil is initially facing perpendicular to the field.
Answer: i don't know
Explanation: because i'm in 6th grade
an atwood's machine (see the figure below) consists of two masses: one of mass 4.43 kg and the other of mass 10.9 kg. when released from rest, what is the acceleration of the system? (enter the magnitude in m/s2.)
acceleration of system we got 4.15m[tex]s^{2}[/tex]
We are well aware that two bodies with different masses are hung from the pulley in Atwood's novel.
The following provides the atwood's acceleration:
a=((m2-m1)/(m2+m1))
g, where g is the acceleration caused by gravity and m2 and m1 are the masses of the heavier and lighter bodies, respectively.
In response to the question, m2=10.9, m1=4.43, and g=9.8
in above formula, we got
a=[(10.9-4.43)/(10.9+4.43)]×9.8
=>a=[(6.47)/(15.33)]×9.8
=>a=4.15m.
Consequently, an atwood machine is created with two masses: one weighing 4.43 kg and the other 10.9 kg. The system accelerates at a rate of 4.15 m/s when it is freed from rest..
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sodium vapor is used in some street lamps. a typical lamp contains 2.00 g of sodium vapor at 31 oc and 1140. torr. what is the volume of the lamp? rA. 0.0438 LB. 1.45 LC. 3.20 LD. 1140 LE. 1.00 L
The supplied statement states that the sodium vapour lamp's volume is 20 LD torr.
What in physics is lamp?From radio waves with wavelengths measured in meters to gamma rays with wavelengths shorter than around 1 1011 meters, electromagnetic radiation occurs throughout a very broad range of wavelengths.
How is a lamp made?Photons are bundles of something like the electromagnetic field which thus contain a set amount of energy and are the building blocks of light. You might count particles or even conduct measurements on something like a single photon using tests that are sensitive enough. Even light has been momentarily frozen by researchers.
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The 2 substances in the containers below were heated to 50 degrees Celsius; then left to cool to room Temp of 20 degrees Celsius. Which will reach room temperature first?
Answer' RA
Explanation: I need points mb gang
If the current in a a wire is 2. 0 amperes and the voltage across the wire is 10 volts, what is the resistance of the wire?.
The resistance of the wire to the nearest tenth of an ohm is 2Ω.
We know that ,
Potential difference (V) = current (I) * Resistance (R)
V = IR
I = 2.0A
V = 10v
So the
R = ?
V = IR
R = V / I
R = 10 / 2
R = 2Ω
Thus the resistance across the wire is 2Ω.
Resistance is a measure of the opposition to current flow in an electrical circuit. resistance always measure in ohm.It design with R.A resistor is a device designed to produce resistance. resistor can be used to the limit current, divide voltage, or generate heat.
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the cart of mass 10 kg shown aboe moves without frictional loss on a level table. a 10 n force pulls on the cart horizontally to the right. at the same time a 30 n force at an angle of 60 degrees above the horizontal pulls on the cart to the left. what is the magnitude of the horizontal acceleration on the cart?
1.8 m/s² is the magnitude of the horizontal acceleration on the cart
F = ma
10N – (30Ncos60º) = (10kg)a
a=1.8 m/s²
Acceleration refers to any process where velocity changes. There are only two ways to accelerate: either by speeding up your acceleration or by reversing your acceleration. Because velocity consists of both a speed and a direction, this is the case.
You cannot possibly be accelerating if you don't also change your direction and speed, regardless of how quickly you are moving. As a result, a jet does not experience acceleration even when moving at a high speed—in this case, 800 miles per hour—because its velocity is constant. After landing, the jet will begin to slow down and then suddenly stop.
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what is the major difference between an open circulatory system and a closed circulatory system? see section 33.1 (page) .
The major difference between an open circulatory system and a closed circulatory system are-
Open circulatory system-
1. The tissues and organs are directly bathed with hemolymph.
2. It is impossible to distinguish between blood and interstitial fluid.
3. Present in arthropods and mollusks.
4. Body cavities receive blood pumps.
5. Present dorsal blood vessel
6. Lack of capillary system.
7. The tissues around it are in intimate contact with the blood.
8. Direct nutrient exchange occurs between the blood and tissues.
9. No gas transportation.
10.Hemolymph is the name of the fluid that circulates in this system.
Closed Circulatory System-
1. Within closed vessels, the blood flows.
2. Interstitial fluid and blood are different.
3. Present in both vertebrates and annelids.
4.The heart pumps blood through the vessels.
5. Both ventral and dorsal blood vessels are present.
6. A capillary system exists.
7. The tissues and blood do not come into direct contact.
8. The tissue fluid is used to exchange the nutrients.
9. Transport of gases occurs.
10. Blood is the fluid that circulates in this system.
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3) connect two lamps to a power supply in series and current drawn from the power supply is is. connect the same two lamps in parallel and the current drawn from the power supply is ip. how does the current drawn by the series circuit compare to the current drawn by the parallel circuit?
The current drawn by the series circuit is(R₁ + R₂)/R₁R₂ times the current drawn by the parallel circuit.
Let the resistance of the two lamps are R₁ and R₂.
Then the equivalent resistance in series combination is: R = R₁ + R₂.
And, the equivalent resistance in parallel combination is:
r = R₁R₂/(R₁ + R₂).
So, if the supply voltage is V,
Then, current drown in series combination; [tex]i_s[/tex] = V/R = V/(R₁ + R₂)
And, current drown in parallel combination; [tex]i_p[/tex] = V/r = V(R₁ + R₂)/R₁R₂
So ,[tex]\frac{i_s}{i_p}[/tex] = [ V/(R₁ + R₂)] /[V(R₁ + R₂)/R₁R₂]
= (R₁ + R₂)/R₁R₂
Hence, the ratio of current drawn in series and current drown in parallel is (R₁ + R₂)/R₁R₂. So, he current drawn by the series circuit is(R₁ + R₂)/R₁R₂ times the current drawn by the parallel circuit.
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The battleship and enemy ships A and B lie along a straight line. Neglect air friction. A battleship simultaneously fires two shells with the same initial velocity at these two enemy ships. If the shells follow the parabolic trajectories shown in the figure, which ship gets hit first?
1. need more information
2. both hit at the same time
3. A
4. B
Answer: A
Explanation:
it is closer
a 1300 kg car is moving with a speed of 20 m/s. what power is produced by the brakes/friction in order to bring the car to rest in 3 seconds?
The power that the brakes/friction produce to bring the car to rest in 3 seconds is 86,666.667 W
This is how it is works:
Mass = 1300 kg
Speed = 20 m/s
Time = 3 seconds
Power to stop the car = ?
We can use the formula of kinetic energy to solve this problem. Let's take a look:
K.E = ½ m × v²
K.E = ½ 1300 × 20²
K.E = 650 × 400
K.E = 260,000 J
We got the kinetic energy that valued 260,000 J but we do not finished yet. In the question, we should stop the car in 3 seconds then we should find the power produced by the brakes. Here it is:
Power = Work : Time
Power = 260,000 : 3
Power = 86,666.667 W
KINETIC ENERGY:Kinetic energy refers to the energy of a body due to its motion. The kinetic energy can be calculated as follows:
K.E = ½ m × v²
Where :
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A box is sitting on a frictionless surface.
If a person is pulling it to the right with a force of 26.36N and another person is pushing it to the right with a force of
35.68N, what is the net force on the box?
The net force on the box is 62.04 N.
Force is a push or pulls upon an item due to the object's interaction with some other object. pressure is a strength that may change the movement of an object. A force can cause an object with mass to exchange its speed, i.e., to enhance up. pressure also can be defined intuitively as a push or a pull. A pressure has each importance and route, making it a vector quantity.
Calculation:-
pulling force towards right = 26.36 N
pushing force towards right = 35.68 N
Since the direction of both forces in the same direction
Net force = 62.04 N.
The phrase 'pressure' has a completely unique meaning. At this diploma, it's miles virtually suitable to explain pressure as a push or a pull. Pressure isn't something that an item consists of or 'has in it. Pressure is exerted on one item through any other. The idea of a force isn't restrained to dwelling topics or non-dwelling matters.
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when passing through an abrupt wind shear which involves a shift from a tailwind to a headwind, what power management would normally be required to maintain a constant indicated airspeed and ils glide slope? a. higher than normal power initially, followed by a further increase as the wind shear is encountered, then a decrease. b. lower than normal power initially, followed by a further decrease as the wind shear is encountered, then an increase. c. higher than normal power initially, followed by a decrease as the shear is encountered, then an increase.
The power management required to maintain a constant indicated airspeed and ILS glide slope is lower than normal power initially, followed by a further decrease as the wind shear is encountered, then an increase
First the power is reduced than initial power, to correct the condition. As the aircraft proceeds through the wind shear, the power should further be reduced. After passing the wind shear the power is increased.
ILS stands for Instrument Landing System. It is a precision radio navigation system that provides guidance to aircraft in short range to approach the runway during night when vision is poor or when the weather is bad. The range is usually 200 feet above the ground.
Therefore, the power management required to maintain a constant indicated airspeed and ILS glide slope is lower than normal power initially, followed by a further decrease as the wind shear is encountered, then an increase
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if the speed of a wave doubles while the wavelength remains the same, what happens to the frequency?
The speed of the wave is doubled while the wavelength remains same, the frequency of the wave will also become double.
The wavelength of the wave is given by the formula,
y = c/v
Where,
y is the wavelength,
c is the speed of the wave,
v is the frequency of the wave.
Now, let us say, if we doubles speed of the wave, then the frequency becomes v',
So we can write,
y = 2c/v'
Putting, c/y = v,
v' = 2v.
So, if the speed of the wave is doubled, then the frequency of the wave will also be doubled.
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A line that intersects two or more lines in a plane at different points is called a.
Calculate the temperature increase ΔT in a 1.40 kg sample of water that results from the conversion of 19% of the gravitational potential energy directly to heat energy in the world's tallest waterfall, the 807-m ‑tall Salto Angel in Canaima National Park, Venezuela.
According to the given statement As a result, the water's temperature increased by 0.36°C.
What does increase in temperature mean?Higher temperatures raise the likelihood that heat waves may occur more frequently and last longer. Extreme heat can be deadly, resulting in conditions like heat exhaustion and heat stroke as well as actual mortality. Additionally, increased temperatures have the potential to trigger a variety of additional alterations globally.
Briefing:The formula below is used to determine the temperature rise (T).
ΔT = 0.19gh/c............. Equation 1
Where:
T stands for temperature rise.
g = Gravitational acceleration
Height is h,
While water's specific heat capacity is c.
From the question,
Given:
h = 807 m
g = 9.8 m/s²
c = 4184 J/kgK
Substitute these values into equation 1
ΔT = (0.19×807×9.8)/4184
ΔT = 0.36°C
As a result, the water's temperature increased by 0.36°C.
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Two galaxies on opposite ends of the universe are moving away from the earth. Each has a velocity of 200,000 km/s relative to the earth. How fast would an observer in one of those galaxies see the other galaxy moving away?.
The speed an observer in one of those galaxies see the other galaxy moving away is 400,000 km/s.
What is the relative speed of the galaxies?
The speed of one galaxy with respect to the other as seen by an observer in one of the galaxies is known as the relative speed of the galaxies.
A relative speed is often measured with respect to a frame of reference. The frame of reference in this question is the observer in one of the galaxies.
Vr = Va + Vb
where;
Vr is the relative speed of the galaxies as seen by the observerVa is the speed of the first galaxyVb is the speed of the second galaxyVr = 200,000 km/s + 200,000 km/s
Vr = 400,000 km/s
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What is planetary migration, and how may it account for the surprising orbits of many extrasolar planets?.
Migration is the process through which a planet progressively approaches its star of origin. Much more extrasolar planets than we had anticipated are located very near to their sun. We believe that planets may migrate through their discs as a result of interactions with the disk's gas. Resonances caused by migration may cause orbits to become.
It specifies three requirements for a planet: It must move about a star (in our cosmic neighborhood, the Sun). It must be large enough for gravity to pull it in a spherical direction. It must have been large enough that any nearby objects of a similar size were removed by its gravitational pull.
Eight planets, 146 moons, a slew of comets, asteroids and other space rocks, ice, and numerous dwarf planets, including Pluto, make up our solar system. The Sun is the only star in the system. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are the eight planets.
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A 7 kg bird has 10 joules of kinetic energy. How
fast is it flying?
Answer:
The velocity of the bird is 2 m /sec.
Explanation:
The formula for kinetic energy is given.
Where m is mass, and v is the velocity.
As given
A 4.0 kg bird has 8.0 joules of kinetic energy.
m = 4.0 kg
K.E = 8.0 joules
Putting in the formula
Thus
v = 2 m/sec
Therefore the velocity of the bird is 2 m /sec.
although g is closer to the equator than d, it is cooler. what is the most likely factor that would contribute to this difference?
The correct answer is the most likly factor that contribute to this difference is angle of solar radiation and temprature.
Seasonal temperatures of sites at various latitudes are influenced by the angle of incoming solar radiation. The incoming solar energy is more direct (almost perpendicular or closer to a 90° angle) when the sun's rays hit the surface of the Earth close to the equator. Warmer temperatures result from the solar radiation being concentrated over a smaller surface area. Higher latitudes have narrower solar radiation angles, which spread energy across a broader region of the surface and result in cooler temperatures. Surface temperatures are typically warmer at lower latitudes and cooler at higher latitudes because the angle of radiation varies with latitude (even though higher latitudes have more hours of daylight during the summer months).
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1. does the mass of the ruler matter when the pencil is located in the middle of the ruler? why or why not?
Yes, the mass of the ruler matter when the pencil is located in the middle of the ruler to measure distance from center.
Mass is used in physics to express inertia, a fundamental characteristic of all matter. Essentially, it is a mass of matter's resistance to changing its direction or speed in response to the application of a force. The change that an applied force produces is smaller the more mass a body has. The kilogram, the unit of mass in the International System of Units, corresponds to 6.62607015 1034 joule seconds using Planck's constant (SI). One joule is produced by multiplying one kilogram by one square meter per second. The kilogram is determined by exact measurements of Planck's constant since the second and the meter have previously been defined in terms of other physical constants.
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a 1,300-kg automobile has a wheel base (the distance between the axles) of 2.95 m. the automobile's center of mass is on the centerline at a point 1.24 m behind the front axle. find the force exerted by the ground on each wheel.
The force exerted by the ground on each wheel is 73085.5 N
Force is a push or pulls upon an item because of the object's interaction with some other object. pressure is a power that can exchange the motion of an object. A force can reason an object with mass to alternate its speed, i.e., to boost up. pressure also can be described intuitively as a push or a pull. A force has each significance and course, making it a vector amount.
Calculation:-
mass of automobile = 1300 kg
distance between the axles = 2.95 m
center of mass from the front axle is 1.2 m
At equilibrium
F net = 0
τ total = 0
F total = F₁ + F₂ - mg = 0
F₁ + F₂ = mg
F₁ + F₂ = 1300 × 9.8
F₁ + F₂ = 12740
τ total = 0
= F₁ ×( 2.95 -1.24) -F₂ × 1.24
0 = 1.71F₁ - 1.24F₂
1.71F₁ = 1.24F₂
F₁ = 1.24/1.71 F₂
= 0.725F₂
0.725F₂+ F₂ = 12740
F₂ = 12740/ 1.725
= 73085.5 N
The phrase 'Force' has a unique meaning. At this degree, it is absolutely appropriate to describe a force as a push or a pull. A force is not something that an object consists of or 'has in it. A force is exerted on one object through another. The concept of a force isn't always restricted to living matters or non-living matters.
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A piece of what nasa space shuttle was recently discovered by a film crew in the atlantic ocean?.
A piece of the Challenger Space Shuttle was recently discovered by a film crew in the atlantic ocean.
Challenger became the first space commute to be destroyed in a project twist of fate. The accrued debris of the vessel is currently buried in decommissioned missile silos at launch complex 31, Cape Canaveral Air pressure Station.
On January 28, 1986, the gap travel Challenger broke aside 73 seconds into its flight, killing all seven group individuals aboard. The spacecraft disintegrated 46,000 ft (14 km) above the Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of Cape Canaveral, Florida, at 11:39 a.m. EST (sixteen:39 UTC).
A massive segment of the destroyed space go back and forth Challenger has been found buried in sand at the bottom of the Atlantic.
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what will be the work required to remove the dielectric? suppose the capacitor remains connected to the battery as the dielectric is removed.
The work removed from dielectric battery is explained below.
What is dielectric?
A material that is dielectric, insulating, or a very bad conductor of electrical current. As opposed to metals, dielectrics have no loosely bound, or free, electrons that could drift through the material, so practically no current flows in them when they are exposed to an electric field. Electric polarization instead takes place.
What is capacitor?
Energy can be stored as an electric charge in a capacitor, an electrical device with two terminals. It is composed of two electrical conductors that are spaced apart. The area between the conductors can be filled with vacuum or a dielectric, which is an insulating material.
Therefore, the dielectric is removed, the charge is in constant.
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A cylindrical can without a top is made out of metal material with a total area of 1500π cm2. Find the dimensions that will maximize the volume held by the can.
The dimension of the cylinder will be r = 8.92 cm and h = 17.86 cm.
What is dimensions?
An item, region, or space's dimensions are its size or distance from another point in space. The metric of anything's length, width, and height can be put more simply.
Length and Breadth are a common way to convey dimensions.
Main body:
Volume of cylinder, [tex]v = \pi r^{2}h[/tex]
Surface area = [tex]2\pi r^{2} + 2\pi rh[/tex]
given surface area = [tex]1500 cm^{2}[/tex]
[tex]h=(750/\pi r)-r ---(1)[/tex]
V = [tex]\pi r^{2}\left \{ {(750/\pi r)-h[/tex]
V = 750-3[tex]\pi r^{2}[/tex]
put V' = 0
0 = 750-3[tex]\pi r^{2}[/tex]
r≈ 8.92 cm
By substituting the value of r in eq (1)
we get h = 17.86 cm
therefore, the dimension of cylinder are r = 8.92 cm and h = 17.86 cm
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A tank is full of water. Find the work required to pump the water out of the spout. (use 9. 8 m/s2 for g. Use 1000 kg/m3 as the density of water. Assume r = 6 m and h = 2 m. ).
70.934648 MJ of work is needed to pump the water out of the spout.
The tank is shaped like a globe. the distance to the mass's center = h+r =6+2=8
Weight of water in tank = 9.8×π×6³×1000×4/3
= 8.866831×10⁶ N
to empty the tank Work done = 8 × 8.866831×10⁶
=70.934648×10⁶ J
= 70.934648 MJ.
A pump is a mechanical device used to transport fluids (liquids, gases, or occasionally slurries). It commonly converts electrical energy into hydraulic energy. Pumps can be divided into three main categories based on how they move the fluid: direct lift, displacement, and gravity pumps.
Pumps use a mechanism to move the fluid (usually a rotary or reciprocating one) and require energy to operate. Pumps exist in a variety of sizes, from microscopic for use in medical applications to enormous industrial pumps, and they can be powered by a variety of energy sources, including electricity, manual operation, engines, or wind power.
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I'm having trouble with moments can someone help
The distance from 3 kg mass is 19.143 m.
Torque is defined as the made of the importance of the force and the perpendicular distance of the line of action of a force from the axis of rotation. The image for torque is usually. , the lowercase Greek letter tau. whilst being called second of pressure, its miles are normally denoted through M.
Calculation:-
net anticlockwise = net clockwise
30×3 +70x = 110×13
90 + 70x = 1430
70X = 1430 - 90
X = 1340/70
= 19.143 m
In physics and mechanics, torque is the rotational equivalent of linear pressure. it's also known as the moment, moment of pressure, rotational force, or turning effect, relying on the field of taking a look at. It represents the capability of pressure to provide trade within the rotational motion of the frame.
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a jet moving at 500 km/h due east is in a region where the wind is moving at 120.0 km/h in a direction 30.00 degrees north of east. what is the speed of the aircraft relative to the ground
The speed of the aircraft relative to the ground is 606.9 km/h.
Solution:
x-y coordinate system:
x is positive east. Similarly, y is positive north.
Now let's decompose each vector into x-y
500 km/h due east = (500, 0)
120 km/h at 30 north of east
= (120cos(30), 120 x sin(30)
= (120 x [tex]\frac{\sqrt{3} }{2} , 120*\frac{1}{2}[/tex])
= (60 x [tex]\sqrt{3}[/tex], (60)
Adding the vectors.
= (500,0)+(60 x [tex]\sqrt{(3)}[/tex],(60)
= (500 + 60 x [tex]\sqrt{(3)}[/tex],60
= (500 + 60 x 1.73,60)
= (500 + 103.8,60)
= (603.8,60)
Returning back to polar form
Magnitude = [tex]\sqrt{603.923^{2}+60^{2} } = 606.9[/tex]
The speed of the aircraft relative to the ground is equal to the speed of the aircraft relative to the air plus the velocity of the air relative to the ground. In other words, it neither moves closer nor farther away from you. They move at 80 km/h relative to the observer next to the track. They do not move relative to the textbook.
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