The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment is referred to as fitness .
Darwin claimed that fitness is impacted by individual adaptation differences. The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment is referred to as fitness. High fitness is the term used to describe people who have environmental adaptations that allow them to live and reproduce. Low fitness refers to an individual's tendency to die without reproducing or to produce few offspring when their characteristics are not well suited to their environment. By natural selection, the nature of the species gradually changes to become adapted to the niche. If a species becomes very well adapted to its environment, and if the environment does not change, species can exist for a very long time before they become extinct.
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Which group is CORRECTLY paired with its description? Trichonympha - protists that contain symbiotic bacteria that can digest cellulose Ciliates - protists that cause red tides and can produce toxins that kills large numbers of fish Golden algae (chrysophyta) - protists that are the closest relatives of land plants Diatoms (bacillerophyta) - protists that are exclusively animal parasites
Protists called Trichonympha carry symbiotic bacteria that can break down cellulose.
Which species of Trichomonas inhabits the oral cavity more frequently?Trichomonas tenax (T. tenax) is one of these microbes and is a common anaerobic parasite of the oral cavity and submaxillary glands [1]. T. tenax is frequently found in the oral cavity and in those who have periodontal disease and poor oral hygiene.
Which Trichomonas species can't be found in people?Both humans and birds can get sick from trichomonas. Trichomonas tenax and vaginalis are the responsible species when it comes to people. Trichomonas gallinae, Trichomonas gypactinii, and Trichomonas stableri are the responsible species in birds.
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which of the following biological processes regularly lead to adaptation? group of answer choices mutation migration inbreeding genetic drift natural selection
Natural selection and Genetic drift are the biological processes which lead to adaptation.
The only evolutionary process that results in adaptation is natural selection. Gene flow is an evolutionary process that typically results in an equalization of allele frequencies between the source and recipient populations.
Contrary to natural selection, genetic drift has an entirely random impact on the population's genetic composition. Hence, although being an evolutionary mechanism, genetic drift does not result in adaptations.
Natural selection is the theory behind evolution put forth by Charles Darwin. Resources are scarce in nature, thus organisms with heritable qualities that promote reproduction and survival will typically produce more offspring than their contemporaries, increasing the frequency of the traits across generations.
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what is the correct sequence of these events, from earliest to most recent, in the evolution of life on earth? 1. origin of mitochondria 2. origin of multicellular eukaryotes 3. origin of chloroplasts 4. origin of cyanobacteria
The sequence will be: 4, 3, 1, 2, i.e., origin of cyanobacteria, origin of chloroplasts, origin of mitochondria, origin of multicellular eukaryotes, from earliest to most recent, in the evolution of life on earth.
Evolutionary biologists have continued to investigate a variety of elements of evolution by formulating and testing hypotheses and concepts based on information from the field or laboratory and data generated using the tools of mathematical and theoretical biology. Their discoveries have influenced the development of biology as well as numerous other fields in science and industry, including computer science, agriculture, and medicine.
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what gene or chromosome is affected by sickle cell anemia?
Answer:
HBB gene. This gene encodes a component of hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells. The mutation causes hemoglobin molecules to stick together, creating sickle-shaped red blood cells
Cellular ________ are said to be selectively ____________ because they allow some substances to pass through easily while other substances pass through very slowly or not at all.
Membranes, also known as selective permeability or semi permeability, are said to be selectively permeable because they allow some substances to pass through easily,
While other substances pass through very slowly or not at all. This is because the membrane contains a number of different proteins and other molecules that act as gatekeepers, which determine which substances can pass through. These gatekeeper molecules can be very specific, allowing only certain molecules or ions to pass through the membrane while blocking others. This selective permeability is an important feature of cellular membranes, as it allows cells to regulate which substances can enter or leave the cell. For example, cells can use selective permeability to absorb nutrients from the environment, expel wastes, or prevent the entry of harmful substances.
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gld-1 is an rna binding protein which binds to the 5' utr of the mes-3 mrna. if gld-1 is not functional, mes-3 mrna levels do not change, but mes-3 protein levels increase. the size of the mes-3 protein does not change, only its quantity. what is the function of gld-1?
The function of Gld-1 is inhibits translation which is an rna binding protein which binds to the 5' utr of the mes-3 mrna.
Function In Caenorhabditis elegans, the development of the oocyte depends on GLD-1, a potential RNA-binding protein. A gld-1 null mutation eliminates hermaphrodite oogenesis and produces a tumorous germline phenotype in which presumed female germ cells leave the meiotic pathway and enter the mitotic cell cycle.Elegans germline, GLD-1 is principally responsible for ensuring correct pachytene progression, oogenesis, and early embryogenesis, preventing germ cell death in early meiosis, promoting spermatogenesis at early larval stages, and maintaining germ cell identity.GLD-1 is required for spermatogenesis, the inhibition of germ cell proliferation, and oogenesis.For more information on translation kindly visit to
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Schwann cells are functionally similar to ________
Answer:
oligodendrocytes of the central nervous system (CNS)
Explanation:
The levels of classification, from broadest to most specific, include: _____
They are, from most broad to most specific, Domains, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, & Species. In the modern classification system, there are eight basic levels.
What is phylum and examples?Phylum is a taxonomic rank in biological categorization, particularly for animals, that comes after Kingdom and before Class. Division is the corresponding rank in plants. The Class Mammalia (mammals), Class Aves (birds), Class Ascidiacea (sea squirts), and other classes are included in the Phylum Chordata. Phylum Chordata is one of the main categories in biological classification, ranking above the Class and below the Kingdom. Compare division sense 8.
How many Phylums are there?Later, the term was modified to phylum. About 35 animal phyla, 12 plant phyla, and 7 fungal phyla exist. The links between the roughly 34 phyla that make up the bacteria, including the archaea, are not as well understood.
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in the sense of alternation of generations, how many generations are included in a mature pine seed?
In the sense of alternation of generations, there are two generations included in a mature pine seed: the sporophyte generation and the gametophyte generation.
The sporophyte generation is the dominant phase in the life cycle of the pine seed, and is characterized by the presence of a multicellular, spore-producing structure, such as a cone or a seed. This structure contains the mature sporophytes, which produce the male or female gametophytes through meiosis.
The gametophyte generation, in turn, is characterized by the presence of tiny, single-celled structures called gametes, which are specialized for reproduction. These gametes eventually give rise to the next generation of sporophytes.
The alternation of generations is a fundamental aspect of the life cycle of many plants, including pines, and is crucial for their survival and reproduction. The presence of two generations, each with distinct characteristics and functions, allows for efficient production and dispersal of offspring, ensuring the continuation of the species over time.
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4. the extension of pseudopodia in amoeba is due to the regulated assembly and destruction of blank.
Microfilament assembly and disassembly are controlled processes that result in the extension of pseudopodia in amoeba. The intermediate filaments are the only cytoskeletal fibers not involved in whole cell motility or intercellular movement.
What do amoebas do to humans?Weight loss, stomach aches, occasional fever, nausea (a feeling of illness in the stomach), diarrhea (loose stool/poop), and other symptoms are all signs of the moderate form of amebiasis. Rarely, the parasite will spread outside of the intestines and infect other parts of the body, leading to a more severe illness like a liver abscess (a collection of pus). Amoebae are widespread and prevalent in many ecosystems, including soil, fresh water, and other environments. Some of them are human diseases, however they are mostly harmless.
Is amoeba a plant or animal?Algae and other protozoans are thought to resemble plants, whereas other protozoans are thought to resemble animals. The ameba is a protist that resembles an animal in that it moves and eats, but it is not considered an animal because it only has one cell; it is unicellular. Macrolide antibiotics (Flagyl), nitroimidazole antibiotics (erythromycin), animalartics (chloroquine), and antiprotozoals are among the medications used to treat amoebiasis (paromomycin). An illness can be avoided by being aware of the quality of the food, water, and cleanliness.
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How are unicellular organisms similar to multicellular organisms?
which of the following heuristics are admissible (if any)? group of answer choices sum of manhattan distances from each insect's location to its target location. max of manhattan distances from each insect's location to its target location. sum of costs of optimal paths for each insect to its goal if it were acting alone in the environment, unobstructed by the other insects. number of insects that have not yet reached their target location. max of costs of optimal paths for each insect to its goal if it were acting alone in the environment, unobstructed by the other insects.
In the field of artificial intelligence and search algorithms, "admissible heuristics" are those that never overestimate the cost of reaching the goal state.
They are used in algorithms such as A* to guide the search towards the goal by providing an estimate of the cost of reaching the goal from the current state.
Out of the given options, the first two, "sum of Manhattan distances" and "max of Manhattan distances," are admissible heuristics. These heuristics satisfy the admissibility property by providing an estimate of the minimum cost of reaching the goal, as the cost of moving from one square to an adjacent square is always 1 in the Manhattan distance metric.
The last three options, "sum of costs of optimal paths," "number of insects that have not yet reached their target location," and "max of costs of optimal paths," are not admissible heuristics. They may overestimate the cost of reaching the goal and therefore lead the search algorithm astray.
Question:
Which of the following heuristics are admissible (if any)?
(a) Sum of Manhattan distances from each insect's location to itstarget location.
(b) Sum of costs of optimal paths for each insect to its goal if itwere acting alone in the environment, unobstructed by theother insects.
(c) Max of Manhattan distances from each insect's location to itstarget location
(d) Max of costs of optimal paths for each insect to its goal if itwere acting alone in the environment, unobstructed by theother insects.
(e) Number of insects that have not yet reached their targetlocation.
Which of the following heuristics are admissible (if any)?
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the visceral layer of the serous pericardium is also called the ______.
-epicardium
-myocardium
-pericardium
-endocardium
The visceral layer of the serous pericardium is also called the epicardium.
The pericardial cavity is the narrow gap between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium.
The fibrous pericardium is a layer of connective tissue that surrounds and protects the heart. Many ligaments connect it to the diaphragm, the sternum (through the sterno-pericardial ligaments), and the vertebral column. It keeps the heart stable.
The inner side of the fibrous pericardium is lined by the outer (parietal) layer of serous pericardium. The inner (visceral) layer of the serous pericardium lines the external surface of the heart. Between the two layers of the serous pericardium is the pericardial cavity, which contains pericardial fluid. This fluid works as a lubricant between the two layers of the heart, allowing it to expand and contract.
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___migration starts with I and the word___helps us remember that____ means which is when individuals move____ a population
Internal migration starts with "I" and the word "Internal" helps us remember that it means movement within a country, which is when individuals move within a population.
What is internal immigration?Immigration is the process through which people acquire the status of citizens or permanent residents in another nation.
Human migration within a nation is known as internal migration or domestic migration. Internal migration typically involves moving for economic or educational purposes, or as a result of a natural disaster or civil war.
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The fluid mosaic model of the membrane proposed that membranes:
A. Consist of a single layer of phospholipids and proteins.
B. Consist of a phospholipid bilayer composed of a variety of fatty acids.
C. Consist of protein molecules embedded in a dynamic bilayer of phospholipids.
D. Consist of a phospholipid bilayer between two layers of hydrophilic proteins.
The correct answer is option C. According to the fluid mosaic model of the membrane, proteins are encapsulated in a dynamic bilayer of phospholipids in membranes.
S.J. Singer and G.L. Nicolson introduced this hypothesis in 1972, claiming that the cell membrane is made up of a phospholipid bilayer with proteins scattered all over it.
The phospholipid bilayer is continually in flux as a result of the diverse external and intracellular stimuli that influence it, and the proteins create a mosaic of different configurations.
The proteins may interact with the polar head groups of the bilayer and the nonpolar core of the membrane because they are amphipathic, or having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic areas.
The proteins are crucial for signal transduction, molecular transport, and cell-to-cell recognition. The semi-permeable phospholipid bilayer acts as a barrier to control the flow of chemicals into and out of the cell.
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i need help as fast as possible
Answer:
2 common ancestor: The most recent ancestral form or species from which two different species evolved.
what is the name for the small movements of your eye that are pieced together by the brain into perceptually seamless visual movement?
The small movements of your eye that are pieced together by the brain into perceptually seamless visual movement is called saccades.
A saccade is a fast, synchronized change in fixation in the same direction for both eyes between two or more phases. Conversely, the eyes move smoothly in fluid pursuit motions as opposed to abruptly. The occurrence can be related to a change in the frequency of an outgoing signal or a movement of a bodily part or apparatus.
Humans and many other animals don't fixate their gaze on a subject while seeing it; instead, they shift their eyes to find intriguing details and create mental "maps" of the image in three dimensions.
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He largest flower in the world, called a rafflesia, is three feet wide and weighs up to 36 pounds. The rafflesia has no roots, stems, or leaves. It lives on and takes nourishment from a vine called tetrastigma. The rafflesia harms the vine. The seeds of the rafflesia are dispersed in an unusual way. Plantain squirrels and tree shrews eat parts of the rafflesia plant. Scientists observe that when the animals chew the rafflesia, seeds get caught in their teeth. The animals will then chew on tetrastigma vines, leaving the seeds where they can germinate. Specialized cells in the rafflesia flower undergo a process that produces gametes. What is this process called?
Group of answer choices
fertilization
Specialized cells in the rafflesia flower undergo a process that produces gametes is called meiosis.
Meiosis is a type of cell division that occurs during sexual reproduction and lowers the amount of chromosomes in gametes (the sex cells, or egg and sperm). Having two sets of chromosomes, body (or somatic) cells in humans are diploid (one from each parent). A single pair of chromosomes, or haploid, must be present in the egg and sperm that combine during fertilization in order to retain this state. Each diploid cell divides twice during meiosis to produce four haploid daughter cells, or gametes, that are diploid in the beginning.
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Specialized cells in the rafflesia flowers undergo a process that produces gametes. What is this process called?
A key discovery leading to the structure of DNA was done by Chargaff. He found that ______Select all that apply. the tetranucleotide hypothesis was false the amount of A equals the amount of C, and the amount of G equals the amount of T the amount of A equals the amount of G, and the amount of C equals the amount of T the amount of A equals the amount of T, and the amount of G equals the amount of C
The key discovery leading to the structure of DNA that was done by Chargaff includes:
The tetranucleotide hypothesis was false The amount of A equals the amount of T, and the amount of G equals the amount of CChargaff's experiments showed that the DNA of different organisms had different ratios of the four bases (A, T, G, C), disproving the tetranucleotide hypothesis.
He also discovered that the amount of A always equals the amount of T, and the amount of G always equals the amount of C, which became known as Chargaff's rules. These findings were crucial in the development of the double helix model of DNA.
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what is cell in biology explain briefly
Answer:
The Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms. Each cell has the capacity to perform basic functions that are characteristics of all living forms
Explanation:
The cell has the capacity to replicate itself hence it is known as the building block of life. Each and every cell contains a fluid called cytoplasm.The Cytoplasm is enclosed by a membrane called plasma membrane or cell membrane. Inside cytoplasm there are certain specific components in it which are known as cell organelles. Each cell organelle performs special functions, such as making new material in the cell clearing up waste material from the cell and so on.Because of these organelles, a cell is able to live and perform all its functions. All the cells have the same organelles, no matter what their function is or what organisms they are found in. It is known that a single cell may constitute a whole organism like in amoeba,There are two types of cells:
The Prokaryotic cellsThe Eukaryotic cellsThe outer cell membrane, cell wall in plants, inside nucleus which is separated by a well nuclear membrane in the eukaryotic cell nucleus and cell membrane separated by a fluid called cytoplasm and various cell organelles which are responsible for performing certain specific functions to carry out life’s processes. These are endoplasmic reticulum, plastids in plant cells, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, mitochondria, vacuoles.know more:The Cells were also observed under compound microscope with higher magnification by Anton Van Leeuwenhoek who concluded that the cells are alive they possess motility and cells were named animalcules. The Robert Brown in 1883provided the first insight to cell structure. He described the presence of nucleus present in the cells of orchids.The Various functions of cell are :
It provides support and structure.It facilitates growth mitosis.It allows transport of various substances.The Energy production.It aids in reproduction.given that people with sickle cell anemia are protected against malaria, the allele for sickle cell anemia is kept in the population. this is an example of .
Given that people with sickle cell anemia are protected against malaria, the allele for sickle cell anemia is kept in the population. This is an example of balancing selection.
Balancing selection is a type of natural selection that maintains genetic variation in a population by favoring the survival of multiple alleles. In this case, the allele for sickle cell anemia is maintained in the population because individuals who are heterozygous for the allele (i.e., carriers) are protected against malaria. This is an example of heterozygote advantage, which is a type of balancing selection. Heterozygote advantage occurs when heterozygous individuals have a higher fitness than homozygous individuals for either allele, leading to the maintenance of both alleles in the population. In the case of sickle cell anemia, the allele is kept in the population because the benefits of protection against malaria for carriers outweigh the costs of having a potentially debilitating disease for homozygous individuals.
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a dome shaped surface that articulates with the head of the radius is definiton of what?
A dome shaped surface that articulates with the head of the radius is definition of capitulum.
The capitulum of the humerus, which is located on the lateral aspect of the distal articular surface of the humerus, is an eminence that is smooth and rounded in the human arm's anatomy. The front and bottom portions of the bone are the only places where it articulates with the cup-shaped depression on the head of the radius.
The anteroventral articular facet of the rib is the only part of a non-human tetrapod's capitulum that is commonly referred to by this term (in archosaur morphs).
At the distal end of the humerus, lepidosaurs have a distinct capitellum and trochlea in the middle of the ventral (or anterior in upright taxa) surface.
The capitellum and trochlea are no longer surrounded by distinct etc.- and ectepicondyles in non-avian archosaurs, such as crocodiles, and the distal humerus is made up of two gently enlarged condyles, one medial and one lateral, divided by a shallow groove and a supinator process. The groove dividing the medial and lateral condyles is homologized by Romer (1976) as the capitellum in Archosauromorphs.
The dorsal condyle of the humerus is functionally analogous to the bird's forelimb anatomy's adaptation for flight but not its ontogenetic counterpart.
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which of the following is not true? question 10 options: moss are non-vascular. moss are marine plants. moss are unisexual. moss are a type of embryophyte.
False, moss are sea plants. Mosses are non-vascular, tiny, flowerless plants that grow in damp, shady settings and are classified as part of the Bryophyta category.
Moss is a type of plant, right?Mosses are spore-producing, non-flowering plants with stalks and leaves but no actual roots. The plant kingdom classifies mosses, together with their relatives the liverworts and hornworts, as Bryophyta (bryophytes).
Mosses are they water plants?They take in water and are non-vascular plants. The flow of water into and out of the plant is reliant on diffusion. For reproduction, they demand a damp atmosphere. To get to the egg, their flagellated sperms travel through the water.
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plants and animals go through the process of _______________________ to use stored energy.
plants and animals go through the process of Cellular Respiration to use stored energy.
They employ photosynthesis to convert water, sunshine, and CO2 into oxygen and simple sugars that the plant may use as fuel. Animals must seek or gather food to obtain the energy they require, but plants may produce their own food utilizing light energy from the sun.
This process is known as photosynthesis, and it occurs in chloroplasts, which are microscopic green structures found in the green sections of plants. Plants are autotrophs; they obtain energy from sunlight through the process of photosynthesis, which is carried out by cell organelles known as chloroplasts. Animal cells lack chloroplasts.
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contraction of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles can group of answer choices move the cricoid cartilage. move food from the larynx to the esophagus. close the glottis. constrict the trachea. assist in breathing during exercise.
Contraction of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles can close the glottis Sound generation and the movements of the laryngeal cartilages and folds itself are controlled by the larynx's intrinsic muscles option 3)
The intrinsic laryngeal muscles are in charge of sound generation as well as the motions of the laryngeal cartilages and folds. Its attachments are located between the laryngeal cartilages. These muscles are paired bilaterally, with the exception of the transverse arytenoid muscle.
These muscles work in pairs to expand and close, or extend and shorten, the vocal folds: Adductors and abductors are two types of people. The lateral cricoarytenoid muscles pull the muscular processes anteriorly, rotating the arytenoid cartilages and swinging the vocal processes medially.
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Full Question: Contraction of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles can group of answer choices
move the cricoid cartilage. move food from the larynx to the esophagus. close the glottis. constrict the trachea. assist in breathing during exercise.What is the skeletal system? Answer in
2-4 sentences, including the words
below:
bones
structure
movement
ligaments, cartilage, or tendons
what is the difference between neurons and glia? what parts of the nervous system compose the cns? what parts compose the pns?
Glial (Neuroglial) cells maintain, feed, and shield the neurons but do not carry nerve impulses. Glial cells are substantially more numerous and capable of going through mitosis than neurons.
What neurological components make up the CNS?The nervous system is made up up of the spinal cord and the brain. All of the body's components are connected by nerves that emerge from the spinal cord and make up the peripheral nervous system.
What elements comprise the PNS?The somatic nervous system refers to the portions of the nervous that are just not found in the spinal cord or the brain. Included are the spinal nerve, their roots, and branches, as well as the neuromuscular connections and peripheral nerves.
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in appositional growth, chondrocytes within cartilage divide and secrete new matrix.
True or False
True. Appositional growth is a process of cartilage growth where chondrocytes, the cells responsible for producing and maintaining the cartilage matrix, divide and secrete new matrix.
This is in contrast to interstitial growth, which involves the chondrocytes within the existing cartilage matrix dividing and producing new matrix.
During appositional growth, chondrocytes in the outer layer of cartilage, called the perichondrium, divide and secrete new matrix on the surface of the cartilage. This process leads to an increase in cartilage thickness and is important for the growth and maintenance of bones, joints, and other tissues that require cartilage for support and movement.
Appositional growth can also occur in other tissues, such as bone, where it contributes to bone remodeling and repair. In bone, the process involves the activity of osteoblasts, cells responsible for producing new bone matrix, and occurs on the surface of existing bone tissue.
In summary, appositional growth is a process of tissue growth where cells divide and secrete new matrix on the surface of existing tissue, and chondrocytes in cartilage are an example of cells that can carry out this process.
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Humans introduced rabbits to Australian ecosystems when the animals arrived on boats with convicts shipped to the continent.
Why did the rabbit population become invasive and grow so quickly?
Responses
The rabbits had no food.
The rabbits had no food.
The ship brought thousands of rabbits.
The ship brought thousands of rabbits.
There were no natural predators.
There were no natural predators.
All of the rabbits were infected with disease.
All of the rabbits were infected with disease.
Answer: the third response
Explanation: no predators means that there is no balance in population
Answer: There were no natural predators.
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If the frequency of allele A is 0.7, using the Hardy-Weinberg formula, what would the frequency of the heterozygous Aa genotype be?
If the frequency of allele A is 0.7, using the Hardy-Weinberg formula, then the frequency of the heterozygous Aa genotype is 0.42 as it is the heterozygous condition of the population.
What is the frequency of the heterozygous?Here, the frequency of allele A is 0.7 , as per the equation P+q=1,
as P(A)= 0.7,
so the q = 1 - 0.7, that is q = 0.3
The Hardy-Weinberg formula is:
[tex]P^2[/tex] + 2pq + [tex]q^2[/tex] = 1
The frequency of the heterozygous Aa genotype is:
2pq = 2 x 0.7 x 0.3,
2pq = 0.42
Hence, if the frequency of allele A is 0.7, using the Hardy-Weinberg formula, then the frequency of the heterozygous Aa genotype is 0.42 as it is the heterozygous condition of the population.
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