Chronically elevated CRP levels are associated with plaque formation.
CRP appears to be at least as predictive of cardiovascular problems as cholesterol levels. A recent study found that elevated levels of C-reactive protein were associated with a three-fold increased risk of a heart attack. In the Harvard Women's Health Study, CRP test results were more accurate. Your C-reactive protein levels can be an indicator of your risk of developing cardiovascular problems.
Doctors measure her CRP because CRP helps the body to respond to illness or injury. Because it is a marker of inflammation that is part of the fight against A doctor may order a CRP test to Confirm infection if you have symptoms of inflammation such as fever chills redness or flushing nausea vomiting rapid breathing and rapid heartbeat. If the CRP levels in her blood are high it could be a sign of inflammation. It can be caused by a variety of conditions from infections to cancer.
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a client asks the health care practitioner what the strongest painkiller is, morphine or hydromorphone. how does the health care practitioner respond?
Compared to morphine, hydromorphone is a far more powerful painkiller.
For pain relief, hydromorphone oral liquid and pills are utilized. The extended-release hydromorphone capsules and tablets are used to treat individuals with pain who are opioid-tolerant and whose pain is severe enough to require long-term, 24-hour pain treatment.
Hydromorphone is a member of the class of drugs known as narcotic analgesics (painkiller medicines). To treat pain, it works on the central nervous system (CNS).
A morphine pill is used to treat moderate to severe pain that is either short-term (acute) or long-term (chronic). Morphine is a member of the class of drugs known as narcotic analgesics (painkiller medicines). To treat pain, it works on the central nervous system (CNS).
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the nurse is teaching a client with pneumonia ways to clear secretions. which intervention is the most effective?
Answer: Coughing is the most effective way to remove secretions. Pneumonia may cause thick and tenacious secretions in patients.
Explanation:
which well-recognized sign of meningitis is exhibited when the client's neck is flexed and flexion of the knees and hips is produced?
Kernig's sign is well-recognized sign of meningitis is exhibited when the client's neck is flexed and flexion of the knees and hips is produced
What is meningitis ?Meningitis is an infection of the meninges, which cover the brain and spinal cord and provide protection. Infected membranes grow and press against the brain or spinal cord when they become inflamed. Life-threatening issues may result from this. A sudden worsening of meningitis symptoms might occur.
One of the observable signs of meningitis physically is the Kernig's sign. When the hip is flexed to 90 degrees, hamstring stiffness is so severe that the leg cannot be straightened.Typically, a bacterial or viral infection is what causes meningitis. The most prevalent and least dangerous type of meningitis is viral. Although it is uncommon, bacterial meningitis can be quite dangerous if left untreated.Learn more about Meningitis here:
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the nurse should include which instruction when developing a teaching plan for a client who is receiving isoniazid and rifampin for treatment of tuberculosis?
The nurse should include which instruction to Avoid alcohol when a client is receiving isoniazid and rifampin for treatment of tuberculosis.
What is tuberculosis and treatment of TB?A bacterial infection called tuberculosis (TB) is contracted by breathing microscopic droplets from an infected person's cough or sneeze. Although it is a serious condition, it is treatable with the right care.
There are numerous antibiotics utilized. This is due to the fact that some TB strains are resistant to particular medications. Treatment with six or more different drugs may be required if you have TB infection that is drug-resistant.
Tests may be performed to determine if you are also infected with TB if you are in close contact with someone who has the disease. A chest X-ray, blood tests, and a skin test known as the Mantoux test are a few examples of these.
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the nurse discovers that a client diagnosed with severe depression formerly taught art classes at a local school. the nurse offers to obtain needed supplies if the client would instruct a few interested clients on simple painting techniques. the nurse is aware this type of intervention may help the client achieve what outcome?
Severe depression has been identified as the client's condition. The nurse is aware of the risks associated with antidepressant use when doing the client assessment.
What antidepressants should be prescribed to the client?The most often prescribed antidepressants are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). They are generally safer than other types of antidepressants, can lessen the symptoms of mild to severe depression, and have fewer adverse effects.
By raising serotonin levels in the brain, SSRIs alleviate depression. One chemical messenger (neurotransmitter) that sends messages between brain nerve cells is serotonin (neurons).
Therefore, Severe depression has been identified as the client's condition. The nurse is aware of the risks associated with antidepressant use when doing the client assessment.
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following the diagnosis of a chronic illness, most patients are overwhelmed by the potential changes in their lives and also the possibility of death. this commonly leads to .
After the diagnosis of a chronic disease, this commonly leads to anxiety.
How does chronic illness affect a person's life?
Indeed, chronically ill patients face major struggles such as higher spending, social isolation and loneliness, disability, fatigue, illness/discomfort, feelings of depression, anger, hopelessness, frustration, anxiety, and depression.
People with chronic physical illnesses are twice as likely to suffer from anxiety or depression as their physically fit counterparts and for certain health conditions, the rates are even higher. Individuals who are physically ill may also develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Patients with the severe physical illness have at least twice as many mental disorders as the general population.
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a client diagnosed with an acute exacerbation of ulcerative colitis has been prescribed corticotropin hormone (acth) for its anti-inflammatory action. which route of administration does the health care practitioner know is used to administer this medication?
The route of administration used in the medication for corticotropin hormone for a client with an acute exacerbation of ulcerative colitis is: IM (Intramuscular).
Corticotropin hormone is the main hormone released during stress conditions. It is also present during the diseases inflammatory conditions. The hormone is released from the pituitary gland. Its release is stimulated by the action of another hormone called corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH).
Ulcerative colitis is a bowel disease where inflammation occurs in the digestive system. The inflammation is also accompanied by the ulcers. The colon and rectum region of the large intestine is most affected in this.
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the nurse is caring for a client with chronic gastritis. the nurse monitors the client knowing that this client is at risk for which vitamin deficiency?
The nurse monitors the client knowing that this client is at risk for Vitamin B12 deficiency.
Is chronic gastritis serious?While inflammatory process develops slowly, abrupt gastritis is a sort of sudden gastritis (chronic gastritis). Sometimes, gastritis results in ulcers and increases the chance of stomach cancer. Gastritis, on the other hand, is often not severe and reacts well to treatment.
What makes chronic gastritis severe?Alcohol, aspirin, and painkillers are just a few examples of items that people should avoid if they have gastritis. Keeping your weight within a healthy range and controlling your stress are two more lifestyle choices that can help with gastritis relief. Eating more frequently at smaller, more frequent meals can also be beneficial.
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hansen is 70 years old and has alzheimer's disease. hansen's family has decided to put them in a nursing home. hansen requires full-time care, does not recognize their family members, and cannot communicate well. which stage is hansen in?
According to the research, the correct answer is the third stage. If Hansen is 70 years old and has Alzheimer's disease and he requires full-time care, he does not recognize their family members, and cannot communicate well then Hansen is in the third stage.
What is Alzheimer's disease?It is a neurodegenerative disease, characterized by the abnormal deposit of amyloid protein and the leading cause of dementia in the population.
In this sense, it is the most frequent neurodegenerative disease whose third stage, the person becomes totally dependent on the caregiver and manifests itself, for 8 to 12 years, with a total loss of speech ability, loses recognition of their own family members.
Therefore, we can conclude that the third stage of Alzheimer's disease is characterized by oral language being very limited and the patient does not recognize their family members.
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a provider prescribes esmolol 45 mcg/kg/min by continuous iv infusion for a patient who weighs 39 kg. available is esmolol 2500 mg in 250 ml dextrose 5% of water (d5w). the nurse should set the iv pump to deliver how many ml/hr?
An adult weighing 75 kg is instructed to receive an IV infusion esmolol of 6mcg/kg/min in order to maintain blood pressure. In 250mL of D5W, the given solution has 500mg.
What is the purpose of esmolol?Esmolol is used to treat irregular heart rhythms or fast heartbeats. This medication is also used to treat high blood pressure and a rapid heartbeat before, during, and after surgery.
What kind of medication is esmolol?Esmolol is a class II antiarrhythmic drug that has a short half-life and is a competitive antagonist of beta-1-adrenergic receptors, especially in myocytes. Esmolol controls heart rate during coronary CTA without being worse than IV metoprolol. Esmolol and metoprolol patients, respectively, achieved the target heart rate in 89% and 78% of the patients.
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a 59-year-old patient has been diagnosed with prostatitis and is being seen at the clinic for complaints of burning and pain during urination. he is experiencing:
The 59-year-old patient is suffering from Dysuria.
Dysuria is the sensation of pain or discomfort during urination (peeing).
Dysuria, often known as painful urination, is a condition in which urination causes pain or burning, most frequently in the urethra, the tube
Infection, particularly cystitis, is the most frequent cause of acute dysuria. Urinary tract infections, STDs, and vaginitis are a few more infectious reasons. An object lodged in the urinary system and dermatological diseases are examples of non-infectious causes of inflammation.
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After weeding her garden, marie experiences a severe allergic reaction to poison ivy. She presents to her physician with a rash on her face, arms, and legs. The physician prescribes a corticosteroid. How will this category of medication be most beneficial to marie?.
This category of medication is most beneficial to Marie as an anti-inflammatory.
Due to their ability to reduce swelling brought on by allergic reactions, corticosteroids are frequently utilized as anti-inflammatory treatments.
Corticosteroids also referred to as steroids, are anti-inflammatory drugs used to treat a variety of illnesses. These hormones are artificial versions of those that the adrenal glands typically make (two small glands that sit on top of the kidneys).
Multiple signal transduction pathways are impacted by corticosteroids to produce their anti-inflammatory effects. Their main function is to block several activated inflammatory genes by inhibiting HAT and bringing HDAC2 activity to the transcriptional complex of inflammatory genes.
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a 13-year-old junior high school student is brought into your office by her mother for evaluation of unequal shoulder height. her mother first noticed this problem two weeks ago. there is no history of birth trauma or recent injury. on physical examination, there is a lateral curvature to the spine. the curvature is more pronounced with forward flexion. based on this information, what is your most likely diagnosis
The stated remark claims that forward flexion makes the curvature of scoliosis more obvious.
What distinguishes a diagnosis from a diagnosis?Diagnoses, which is pronounced [dahy-uhg-noh-seez], is the plural form. Diagnose is the verb form. To diagnosis is to provide a diagnostic of what precise problem is afflicting the patient; the phrase "diagnose a patient" can also be used to refer to an illness.
What kinds of diagnoses exist?Diagnosis subtypes include: clinical evaluation. a diagnosis given without the use of diagnostics and based instead on symptoms and medical signs. diagnostic testing at a lab. The expert identified cancer. Some sort of blood disease was identified as the cause of his ailment.
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a nurse is working as part of an intraoperative team and is involved in the surgical verification process for a client. what would the nurse expect to be performed as the last step?
The nurse would be expected to complete the time-out procedure in the surgical verification of the client.
A time-out is an immediate halt by the entire surgical team to confirm the appropriate patient, treatment, and site. Organizations follow the general standard that the Joint Commission adopted in 2003, which calls for a time-out before starting any surgical therapy. The entire surgical team verifies the patient's identity, the operation, and the surgical site before making the incision or starting the surgery. The application of time-out methodology has been associated with a reduction in surgical complications, patient mortality, and patient-involved unnecessary medical errors.
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a patient has foot surgery for a right calcaneal spur. chronic myocardial ischemia was listed on the pre-anesthesia assessment. what icd-10-cm coding is reported?
You can find M77.3- by searching for Spur, bone/calcaneal in the ICD-10-CM Alphabetic Index.
How is myocardial ischemia handled medically?Increasing blood flow to the heart muscle is part of the treatment for myocardial ischemia. Treatment options include prescription drugs, an angioplasty procedure to open blocked arteries, or bypass surgery. In order to treat and prevent myocardial ischemia, it's crucial to lead a heart-healthy lifestyle.
Ischemia/heart (chronic or with a stated duration of over 4 weeks) is followed by I25.9 in the alphabetic index. Verify your choice of code in the Tabular List. According to code M77.3-, the laterality of the foot requires a fifth character. Right foot calcaneal spur report M77.31, for the foot operation. It is also reported that there is a risk of anesthesia due to chronic myocardial ischemia code I25.9.
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a client is beginning to recover from acute tubular necrosis. during which phase of acute kidney injury will the nurse assess an increase in urine output?
a client is beginning to recover from acute tubular necrosis. during recovery phase of acute kidney injury will the nurse assess an increase in urine output.
What are the composition of urine ?
Urine is a fluidic byproduct which is secreted by the kidneys through a process called urination and excreted through the urethra.
The chemical composition of urine are water, nitrogenous molecules, like urea, as well as creatinine and metabolic waste components.
Urine is are colonized by facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods and cocci and it is essentially a processed form of ammonia, non-toxic, It is processed from ammonia and carbon dioxide in the liver.
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a client who is admitted for a debilitating disease is talking to the nurse. the client relates that family is the only thing that matters, stating that family helps fulfill all the spiritual needs by first fulfilling the most basic of all needs. what is this basic need?
Eight centrally significant activities—love, family, job, friendship, culture, politics, nature, and philosophy—are the discussion's pillars. Most Spiritual requirements are thereafter acknowledged as a crucial component of nursing care and assessment.
Why is spirituality significant to your family's life?Families' religious practises and beliefs can help them overcome emotions of helplessness, give their lives new purpose and order, and help them regain control when they are faced with difficult circumstances, such as health issues. Spirituality can be a strong and vital source of support for certain families.
Why does man need to satisfy his spiritual needs?To aid with the terrible wounds of loss, guilt, resentment, unforgiveness, self-rejection, and shame, every human being requires spiritual resources. We also require spiritual resources to broaden our understanding of faith, confidence, self-worth, hope, joy, and love of life.
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a nurse leading a nutrition class is explaining the inclusion of fats in prepared foods. what is the nurse's best response when an attendee asks why is fat hydrogenated
In order to prevent fatty acid depletion, the fat emulsion, a murky white solution, is administered intravenously during parenteral nutrition. Fat emulsions are used as nutritional supplements for patients who, typically due to specific illnesses, are unable to obtain adequate fat through their diet.
The nurse should inspect the bottle of fat for emulsion layer separation, fat globules, and froth buildup. The nurse should not hang a fat emulsion if there are fat globules present and should instead return the solution to the . The phrase "organic" could seem like just another term to consider when making food purchases, along with dietary claims, component Iists, and nutrition facts on food packages.Therefore, being aware of what "organic" genuinely involves will enable customers to make informed choices on their subsequent trip to the grocery store or farmer's market.Organic foods are grown and processed in compliance with federal laws that address a variety of topics, including the quality of the soil, how animals are handled, how to control weeds and pests, and how to use additives. As much natural input and physically, mechanically, or biologically based farming methods as possible are used by organic farmers.
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after a traumatic back injury, a client requires skeletal traction. which intervention takes priority?
Constantly keeping traction to maintain efficacy To ensure skeletal traction's effectiveness, the physician must maintain it continuously. A skin breakdown should be evaluated by the nurse.
What use does skeletal traction serve?Skeletal traction is mostly used as a splint for cervical fractures that have not dislocated or to repair and preserve the position of fracture-dislocated cervical spines. used it as a balanced traction therapy for torticollis or cervical spondylosis.
Is skeletal traction uncomfortable?Skeletal traction is employed to add greater weight to fractures that need a lot of force given straight to the bone since it reduces the danger of harming the soft tissues in the area. If skeletal traction is necessary, it will be performed under anesthesia to minimize your discomfort.
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which intervention would be appropriate with a nursing diagnosis of fluid volume excess in the liver failure client?
Intervention nursing diagnoses that experience excess fluid volume in patients with liver failure is to restrict sodium to 200 mg/daily
Restricting sodium intake is the first step in reducing ascites formation. In these patients, high aldosterone is not metabolized in the liver, causing increased sodium and fluid retention. Limiting sodium forces the body to try to get rid of water which is associated with increased sodium. The second-best option is to limit fluids.
Ascites is an abnormal condition in which the abdominal cavity (abdomen) is filled with excess fluid. Under normal conditions, there should be no fluid in the abdominal cavity. The most common cause of ascites is cirrhosis of the liver.
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silvia is a patient with parkinson's disease taking the medication called l-dopa. as a result, she has developed a problem with compulsive shopping and has extended her credit cards to their limits. her behavior is the result of: please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. too much norepinephrine. too little serotonin. the positive reward prediction error. too little dopamine.
Her behavior is the result of too little dopamine.
Which causes Parkinson's disease?
Parkinson's disease is caused by a loss of nerve cells in the part of the brain called the substantia nigra. Nerve cells in this part of the brain are responsible for producing a chemical called dopamine.
What does Parkinson's disease do to a person?
Parkinson's disease is an age-related degenerative brain condition, meaning it causes parts of your brain to deteriorate. It's best known for causing slowed movements, tremors, balance problems, and more. Most cases happen for unknown reasons, but some are inherited.
What happens when you have too little dopamine?
Having low levels of dopamine can make you less motivated and excited about things. It's linked to some mental illnesses including depression, schizophrenia, and psychosis.
Thus, the correct option is too little dopamine.
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a client with arterial insufficiency undergoes below-knee amputation of the right leg. which action should the nurse include in the postoperative care plan?
Elevating the stump for the first 24 hours is the action should the nurse include in the postoperative care plan.
What is arterial insufficiency?A condition known as arterial insufficiency refers to any slowing or cessation of blood flow through your arteries. Arteries are blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to various body parts.
Arterial insufficiency's typical symptoms
Pain, aching, numbness, or cramping in the arms or legs are common symptoms of peripheral arterial insufficiency. Heart artery symptoms include the following: chest pressure or pain breathing that is difficult or breathes quickly (tachypnea).
The "hardening of the arteries" condition known as atherosclerosis is one of the most frequent causes of arterial insufficiency. On the inside of your arteries, fatty material known as plaque accumulates. They enlarge and stiffen as a result of this. Blood cannot move through your arteries easily as a result.
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indomethacin is being given to an infant with a patent ductus arteriosus in an attempt to promote closure of the pda. the nurse caring for this infant becomes concerned about adverse side effects when noticing:
When this infant's nurse notices decreased urine output, reduced platelets, or abdominal distention, she becomes worried about side effects.
What signs might indicate abdominal distension?Many times, those who have this illness say they "feel bloated." A feeling of fullness, pressure in the abdomen, and occasionally nausea, discomfort, or cramps are common in affected individuals. In the most severe circumstances, upward pressure on the lungs and diaphragm can also result in shortness of breath.
How may stomach bloating be treated?Finding the best treatment for each person experiencing symptoms can be difficult given the wide range of potential causes of bloating and distension. Aside from dietary modifications, therapeutic possibilities also include probiotics, antibiotics, prokinetic drugs, antispasmodics, neuromodulators, and biofeedback.
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a client detoxifying from alcohol requires medications to treat the withdrawal. th nurse observes coarse hand tremors and diaphoresis. how should the nurse first react to this observation? the nurse should:
During withdrawal, if the nurse observes coarse hand tremors and diaphoresis, the nurse should assess the level of consciousness of the client and assess the vital signs of the client.
A series of procedures known as detoxification is used to treat acute intoxication and withdrawal. It indicates the removal of toxins from the patient's body who is under the influence of alcohol or dependent on other substances. The goal of detoxification is to lessen the bodily harm brought on by substance usage.
The symptoms a person experiences when they abruptly cease using or reduce their use of an addictive substance is known as withdrawal.
Sweating, especially to an unusually high degree, as a sign of a sickness or as a negative medicinal side effect is known as diaphoresis.
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a client has heard that nutrients can be converted to other nutrients in the body. he takes high-dose vitamin c supplements because he believes this will supply his body's need for other vitamins. what would you tell him?
Each vitamin has a specific function and needs to be supplied through a variety of foods.
Vitamins provide energy and support important chemical reactions in the body. Research suggests that antioxidants may help prevent certain diseases such as heart disease and cancer. There are three groups of vitamins: water-soluble, fat-soluble, and protein-soluble. Vitamins have many roles in helping the body function normally.
Some vitamins help fight infections and keep nerves healthy while others help the body get energy from food and help blood clot. You can get most of these vitamins from food if you follow dietary guidelines. Protein is essential for body repair. It is the basis of bones muscles cartilage skin and blood and is used in tissue building and repair.
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a patient is advised to take a decongestant drug to relieve nasal congestion associated with hay fever. the patient is not comfortable with a nasal spray or drops and prefers an oral tablet. which oral decongestant drugs can be administered to the patient?
A patient is advised to take a decongestant drug to relieve nasal congestion associated with hay fever. the patient is not comfortable with a nasal spray or drops and prefers an oral table Mucolytic.
Zyrtec is an antihistamine, while Sudafed is a decongestant. As an antihistamine, Zyrtec can assist with many hypersensitivity signs, at the same time as Sudafed by and large helps with nasal congestion. these medicines can generally be taken together, as lengthy because it's secure which will take both medicinal drug alone.
Some humans have reported nasal burning, infection and dryness after using decongestant nasal sprays and nostril drops. different facet-results that have been mentioned with nasal decongestants include feeling unwell (nausea) and headache.
Decongestants can interfere with the effectiveness of positive blood strain, epilepsy, coronary heart, diabetes or thyroid medicinal drugs, but also may also affect the chronic situation itself. when you have any of the above situations, check together with your number one fitness care provider or pharmacist earlier than taking an oral nasal decongestant.
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the nurse is assessing a client with severe angina pectoris and electrocardiogram changes in the emergency room. what is the most important cardiac marker for the client?
Troponin is the most important cardiac marker for the client.
Cardiac markers are biomarkers that can be used to assess heart health. They may be helpful in the early diagnosis or prediction of disease. Other illnesses can cause an increase in cardiac marker levels, despite the fact that they are frequently mentioned in relation to myocardial infarction.
The cardiac indicators with the highest order frequency and specificity are troponin (I or T). Within a few hours of cardiac injury, it is increased (positive) and stays elevated for up to two weeks. Rising levels in many hours' worth of troponin tests can aid in identifying a heart attack.
Troponin I has not been isolated from skeletal muscle and is very selective for the cardiac muscle. It is the perfect marker of myocardial damage because of its extreme specificity.
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the nurse is caring for a patient with ms who is having spasticity in the lower extremities that decreases physical mobility. what interventions can the nurse provide to assist with relieving the spasms?
The MS patient the nurse is caring for has stiffness in the lower extremities, which limits physical mobility. The nurse can help to relieve the spasms by showing the patient daily muscular stretching exercises, applying warm compresses to the problematic areas, and giving them enough time to do the exercises.
A chronic condition affecting the central nervous system is called multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is brought on by the immune system attacking healthy nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord and the fatty sheathing surrounding and insulating those fibers, known as myelin. Inflammation brought on by this attack damages myelin and nerve cell functions, changing electrical signals in the brain.
We can therefore conclude that the nurse can assist in reducing spasms by teaching the patient daily muscle stretches, using warm compresses on the sore spots, and giving them enough time to perform the exercises.
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Complete Question
The nurse is caring for a patient with MS who is having spasticity in the lower extremities that decreases physical mobility. What interventions can the nurse provide to assist with relieving the spasms? (Select all that apply.)
A. have the patient take a hot tub bath to allow muscle relaxation
B. demonstrate daily muscle stretching exercises
C. apply warm compresses to the affected areas
D. allow the patient adequate time to perform exercises
E. assist with a rigorous exercise program to prevent contractures
a client who is experiencing angina at rest that has been increasing in intensity should be instructed to:
It is assumed that the patient who complains of chest discomfort has clinically substantial heart pathology. Oxygen, aspirin, nitroglycerin, morphine, and a beta-blocker are given as part of the first course of therapy.
What is a stable angina patient's first line of treatment?Inpatient bed rest with ongoing telemetry monitoring is necessary for patients with unstable angina. If signs of desaturation are seen, one should get intravenous access and give more oxygen.
When a patient has angina, the nurse should advise them to halt all activity, sit or rest in bed in a semi-posture, Fowler's and provide nitroglycerin sublingually. Treatment for angina pectoris focuses on symptom relief, disease progression slowing, and lowering the risk of future complications, including premature death.
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the rapid response team arrives in the room of a client who has had a cardiac arrest. the nurse should first apply which piece of monitoring equipment?
Nurses should avoid rapid cardiac mortality to restore the heart by emergency attention.
What is cardiac arrest?To avoid rapid cardiac mortality, ventricular fibrillation requires urgent medical attention, in an emergency, blood flow must be restored as soon.
As possible to avoid organ and brain damage and provide urgent medical treatment to stop cardiac arrest, before it provides emergency treatment to improve health.
Therefore in cardiac arrest, ECG regulates the searching of heart rate in a rhythmic manner.
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