A micromolecule is a small molecule with a molecular weight of less than 1000 daltons, while a macromolecule is a large molecule with a molecular weight of more than 1000 daltons.
Micromolecules are composed of a small number of atoms and include compounds such as sugars, amino acids, and nucleotides. They can be easily dissolved in water and do not require much energy to break apart. They also tend to be relatively stable and do not typically undergo significant changes in their structure.
Macromolecules, on the other hand, are composed of a large number of atoms and include compounds such as proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. They tend to be insoluble in water and require a significant amount of energy to break apart. They also tend to be less stable and are more prone to undergoing changes in their structure.
Another way to distinguish micromolecules and macromolecules is by looking at their chemical properties. Micromolecules are typically organic compounds, while macromolecules are typically polymers, composed of repeating units.
Therefore, the main difference between micromolecules and macromolecules is their size, macromolecules are larger than micromolecules, and their chemical properties, micromolecules are small organic compounds, while macromolecules are large polymers.
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Some bacteria are metabolically active in hot springs because A) high temperatures make catalysis unnecessary B) their enzymes are completely insensitive to temperature. 9 they are able to maintain a lower internal temperature. D) their enzymes have high optimal temperatures.
Some bacteria can sustain a lower internal temperature, which allows them to be metabolically active in hot springs. Their enzymes operate best at high temperatures.
Which of the following claims regarding a metabolic pathway's feedback regulation is true?
The right response is (b) The product of the pathway inhibits its own synthesis by inhibiting an enzyme's ability to bind a substrate to its active site through competitive inhibition.
Why do T cells not often use heat to remove the activation energy required for processes to take place?
Proteins, DNA, and RNA are examples of significant macromolecules that store a lot of energy and break down exothermically. The fundamental elements of these exothermic processes may overcome their activation barriers if cellular temperatures alone provided enough heat energy for them to.
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When a mustard plant seedling is transferred to an environment with higher levels of carbon dioxide, the new leaves have a lower stomata-to-surface-area ratio than do the seedling's original leaves.
Which of the following best explains how the leaves from the same plant can have different stomatal densities when exposed to an elevated carbon dioxide level?A) Increased photosynthesis leads to larger leaves that need more stomata for photosynthesis, leading to an increase in stomatal density.
B) Leaf growth is promoted through increased photosynthesis, but the genetically regulated rate of stomatal production is not altered, leading to a decrease in stomatal density.
C) Leaf growth is inhibited by decreased photosynthesis, and the genetically regulated rate of stomatal production remains the same, leading to an increase in stomatal density.
D) Leaf growth is inhibited by decreased photosynthesis, and the genetically regulated rate of stomatal production remains the same, leading to a decrease in stomatal density.
The correct option is B, Leaf growth is promoted through increased photosynthesis, but the genetically regulated rate of stomatal production is not altered, leading to a decrease in stomatal density.
when carbon dioxide is present in abundant amount, it means that the rate of photosynthesis is higher, and if the rate is higher, more energy is produced for the plant which leads to the increase in the size of leaf
the leaf grew bigger but the number of stomata has not increased, and it remains same, which lead to decrease in stomatal density and therefore the plant have a lower stomata-to-surface-area ratio.
Therefore even if the leaf size increases, the stomata number is the same on the smaller and the new larger size of leaf.
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What physical feature would we travel through today on Day 3 of a field trip across Africa?
Kalahari Desert
Sahara Desert
Nile River
Tropic Rainforest
Kalahari desert is traveled on day 3 of the field trip across Africa. Hence, option A is correct.
What is the Kalahari desert?The 900,000 square kilometer Kalahari Desert, which also includes sections of Namibia and South Africa, is a sizable semi-arid sandy savanna in Southern Africa.
Africa's most southern desert is called the Kalahari. It is the second largest desert in Africa after the Sahara and the sixth largest desert on Earth in terms of area.
It combines with Namibia's Namib, a coastal desert, in the southwest. Hence, option A is correct.
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What illness has no commonly used vaccine? a cold b mumps c small pox d tetanus
Answer:
D. Tetanus
Explanation:
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which of the following would lead to a rightward shift in the long-run aggregate supply curve? (2 points)
Answer:The aggregate supply curve shifts to the right as productivity increases or the price of key inputs falls, making a combination of lower inflation, higher output, and lower unemployment possible.
Complete the statements below by choosing the correct
part of the neuron from the drop-down menus.
Information enters the neuron through structure
Information passes through structure to reach
structure
Information leaves the neuron through structure
A
B
С
D
E
Information enters the neuron through structure A (dendrites).
Information passes through structure B (the cell body or soma)Information leaves the neuron through structure C (the axon)What is the neuron about?In a neuron, the dendrites are the structures that receive incoming signals from other neurons. These signals are then processed by the cell body or soma, which is the part of the neuron that contains the nucleus and other organelles.
Therefore, The processed signals then travel along the axon, which is the long, thin extension of the neuron that carries the signals to the next neuron or to the target cell. The signals are then passed on to the next neuron or target cell through specialized structures called synapses.
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neurons from all over the cerebral cortex send axons to the brainstem and spinal cord. considering what you know about how the telencephalon develops into the mature brain, which of the following describes a possible path that an axon could take from the occipital cortex to the pons?
Directly from the telencephalon to the diencephalon, followed by the midbrain, the pons, and lastly the hindbrain. The pons is the location where the cerebellum gathers all information entering or leaving it.
The cerebral cortex, limbic forebrain regions, basal ganglia, and olfactory system are the four main parts of the telencephalon. The cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, hippocampal formation, amygdala, and olfactory bulb all originate from the telencephalon. For instance, sensory neurons deliver information to the brain from the skin, nose, ears, mouth, and eyes. From the brain, motor neurons send signals to the rest of the body. The area of the developing brain closest to the front is called the telencephalon. It develops from the prosencephalon along with the diencephalon.
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when the phlebotomist provides instructions for a first-morning urine specimen, which of the following statements is correct?
When the phlebotomist provides instructions for a first-morning urine specimen, he should refrigerate the specimen and bring it to the laboratory as soon as possible.
What is urine analysis?
A urine test is known as a urinalysis. It is used to identify and treat a variety of illnesses, including diabetes, renal disease, and urogenital infections. A urinalysis involves examining the colour, consistency, and composition of urine.
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Which four of the following characteristics are the same for bacteria and archaea?
chromosome is double-stranded DNA
presence of peptidoglycan in cell walls
type of lipid molecules found in plasma membranes
inclusions present in the cytoplasm
motility structures are present
capsules and slime layers found on most cells
70S ribosomes present in cytoplasm
Crossing over plays a critical role in increasing the genetic variation among offspring of sexual reproduction. It is important to understand how crossing over occurs and its consequences in meiosis. Look carefully at the diagrams depicting different stages in meiosis in a cell where
2n=6
. Assume that the red chromosomes are of maternal origin and the blue chromosomes are of paternal origin. Drag the name of the appropriate stage of meiosis to the target above each diagram. Then, in the target of 2 below each diagram, specify whether the event of crossing over is possible or impossible/unlikely during this phase of meiosis. Note that the diagrams are in no particular order
When two gametes eventually unite during sexual reproduction, a process known as crossing over produces gametes that contain new gene combinations, maximising the genetic variety of every offspring that emerges.
How does meiotic crossing over boost genetic diversity?Homologous chromosomes (one from each parent) pair along their lengths during meiosis. Chiasma points are where the chromosomes cross. The chromosomes split and reassemble at each chiasma, swapping some of their genes.
What is the advantage of transitioning during meiosis?Meiotic crossing over ensures that homologous chromosomes are segregated correctly and produces genotypic diversity. Despite these roles, little is known about the genetic and population genetic mechanisms that contributed to the development of species-specific variations in recombination rates.
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The helper T cell is active when....
It has engulfed a pathogen
It has learned the shape of the antigen
It has made the MHC protein
T cells undergo a clonal expansion and differentiation followed by a contraction phase, once the pathogen has been cleared.
How does the T cell respond to a pathogen?Recent in vitro and in vivo evidence supports an antigen-pre-senting role for T cells. Human T cells exhibit major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens and adhesion molecules that are typical of antigen-presenting cells (APCs).
Controlling the populations of effector, memory, and naive T lymphocytes depends on cell survival and death. The presence of MHC proteins in the antigen-presenting cell is necessary for the identification process because they bind to these fragments, transport them to the cell surface, and present them to the T cells there together with a co-stimulatory signal.
Due to their dual specificity, T cells can distinguish between peptide antigens presented by self-MHC I or MHC II molecules and those presented by other MHC molecules.
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phylogenetic analyses with systematic taxon sampling show that mitochondria branch within alphaproteobacteria
The evolutionary relationship of the mitochondrial endosymbiont to modern Alphaproteobacteria is still unclear, despite the fact that it is widely recognised that mitochondria evolved from an ancestor that resembled alphaproteobacteria.
The subject of significant discussion is whether the affinity between mitochondria and rapidly growing alphaproteobacterial lineages represents actual homology or artefacts. The effectiveness of strategies like site exclusion, which claim to reduce compositional variation between taxa at the expense of information loss, has not yet been established. Here, we show that inconsistent phylogenetic estimations of mitochondrial origin are produced by site-exclusion approaches. As a result, it is important to reevaluate earlier evolutionary ideas about mitochondria origin based on pretreatment datasets. We used various methods to reduce phylogenetic noise by systematic taxon sampling while maintaining the accuracy of site substitution data. Mitochondria were firmly positioned into the Alphaproteobacteria by cross-validation based on a number of trees, sharing a distant ancestor with Rickettsiales and currently unclassified marine lineages.
Complete question:
phylogenetic analyses with systematic taxon sampling show that mitochondria branch within alphaproteobacteria --explain
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figure 1. a schematic drawing of three steps in translation elongation. sequential codons are numbered, and aa represents amino acid.
The conservation of the same genetic code and codon usage across all living organisms suggests common ancestry. The fact that the transformed bacteria were able to successfully translate the introduced eukaryotic mRNA provides further evidence for this common evolutionary history.
What are the three steps in translation elongation?The three steps in translation elongation are initiation, elongation, and termination.
Initiation is the first step in translation elongation. During initiation, the small subunit of the ribosome binds to the mRNA strand and scans for the start codon. Once the start codon is located, the initiator tRNA binds to the start codon and the large subunit of the ribosome binds to the small subunit, forming the complete ribosome.
Elongation is the second step in translation elongation. During elongation, the ribosome moves along the mRNA strand and translates codons into amino acids. This is done by the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the codon of the mRNA. The elongation step is repeated until a stop codon is reached.
Termination is the third step in translation elongation. During termination, the ribosome recognizes the stop codon and releases the newly-formed polypeptide chain from the ribosome. The ribosome then dissociates into its two subunits, and the mRNA is released from the ribosome. At this point, translation is complete and the newly-formed polypeptide chain is free to fold into its functional protein.
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The complete question is: A schematic drawing of three steps in translation elongation. Sequential codons are numbered, and AA represents amino acid. Referring to the figures provided, explain why the polypeptide produced when the transformed bacteria translate the introduced eukaryotic nRNA provides evidence for the common ancestry of all living organism
Describe how oxygen gas is produced during photosynthesis include the specific structures in the plant where the reaction occurs
Oxygen gas is produced during photosynthesis with the help of the chlorophyll pigment, and the pigment is present in the chloroplast, which is the organelle, and this is present in the leaves of the plants.
What is the significance of the pigments in the chloroplast?The green plants consist of the chlorophyll that gives the leaves their green color, and these pigments, called chlorophyll, take the sun's light and then carry on the process known as photosynthesis, where oxygen is released.
Hence, oxygen gas is produced during photosynthesis with the help of the chlorophyll pigment, and the pigment is present in the chloroplast, which is the organelle, and this is present in the leaves of the plants.
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use the data table and your knowledge of cancer to identify which statements are true. select all that apply. use the data table and your knowledge of cancer to identify which statements are true.select all that apply. reducing risk factors might decrease the number of cancer cases, but would be unlikely to decrease the cancer deadliness percentages. cancers with higher numbers of cases will have higher deadliness percentages. the combined survivability of all types of cancer is about 65%. lung cancer is more deadly than cancer of the pancreas. cancer of the cervix is the most survivable type of cancer.
Reducing risk factors might decrease the number of cancer cases, but would be unlikely to decrease the cancer deadliness percentages.The combined survivability of all types of cancer is about 65%.
What action is most likely to raise your risk of getting cancer?These include drinking alcohol and using smoke, being overweight, and being sunburned frequently. Other risk factors, including becoming older, cannot be ignored. Discover the causes of several cancers' risk factors.Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, diet (fried foods, red meat), sun exposure, pollution from the environment, infections, stress, obesity, and inactivity are among the lifestyle variables.For many years, doctors have been aware that males are more likely than women to acquire cancer. According to the National Cancer Institute, women have a one in three probability of developing cancer in their lifetime compared to a one in two likelihood for males (NCI).To learn more about cancer refer to:
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The temperature in Delhi falls to even 5°C in winter and may go up to 45°C
during summer but our body temperature remains at 37°C. How do we make it
possible?
The way we make it possible is that The human body is able to maintain a constant internal temperature, known as homeostasis, through a number of physiological mechanisms. One of the main ways the body regulates its temperature is through the process of thermoregulation.
What is body temperature about?The hypothalamus, a small region in the brain, acts as the body's thermostat. It continually monitors the body's temperature and sends signals to other parts of the body to make adjustments as needed.
When the body is too warm, the hypothalamus sends signals to the sweat glands to release sweat, which cools the body as it evaporates. It also sends signals to the blood vessels in the skin to dilate, allowing more blood to flow near the surface of the skin, which also helps to dissipate heat.
Thus, When the body is too cold, the hypothalamus sends signals to the muscles to contract, generating heat through the process of muscle metabolism. It also sends signals to the blood vessels in the skin to constrict, reducing blood flow near the surface of the skin and conserving heat.
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which of these are cellular activities that sustain a single-celled organism through its lifetime? select all that apply. A.The transmission of DNA to offspringB.Processes by which individuals produce offspringC.Increases in cell size and volume
A single-celled microorganism, also known as a 'unicellular' microorganism, is a microscopic organism made up of only one cell. Unicellular microorganisms reproduce asexually to produce offspring.
The cellular activities that keep a single-celled organism alive include:
DNA transmission to offspringIndividuals produce offspring through various processes.Cell size and volume increase1. Prokaryotic bacteria, unicellular fungi (e.g., yeast), and unicellular protists are examples of unicellular microorganisms (e.g., Amoeba).
2. The process by which organisms transmit their genetic material (DNA) to offspring is referred to as reproduction.
3. Asexual reproduction occurs in unicellular organisms (without the involvement of gamete formation).
4. Unicellular organisms grow in size and volume throughout their lives to perform metabolic functions.
5. Finally, unicellular organisms share cellular activities such as DNA transmission to offspring, processes by which individuals produce offspring, and cell size and volume increase.
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how each of the following would pass through the plasma membrane: gases, large polar molecules, charged molecules (like ions), hydrophobic molecules, and small polar molecules.
Facilitated diffusion allows the crossing of large polar molecules, charged molecules (like ions), and small polar molecules, while gases hydrophobic molecules by simple diffusion.
What are the different types of diffusion?Polar and charged molecules including ions, amino acids, nucleosides, and carbohydrates can traverse the plasma membrane due to facilitated diffusion.
Simple diffusion through the cell membrane (plasma): Small, uncharged substances like oxygen and carbon dioxide as well as hydrophobic molecules like lipids can move through the cell membrane through simple diffusion due to the nature of the lipid bilayer.
Therefore, gases hydrophobic molecules cross the cell membranes by simple diffusion.
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For a given level of significance, if the sample size n is increased, the probability of a Type II error:
a. will decrease.
b. will increase.
c. will remain the same.
d. cannot be determined.
For a given level of significance, if the sample size n is increased, the probability of a Type II error a. will decrease
For a given level of significance, if the sample size n is increased, the probability of a Type II error will decrease. This is because as the sample size increases, the accuracy and precision of the sample statistics increase, and the sample becomes more representative of the population. In hypothesis testing, increasing the sample size increases the power of the test, which means the test is more likely to detect a true difference or relationship if one exists. As a result, the probability of making a Type II error (failing to reject a false null hypothesis) decreases.
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TRUE OR FALSE terrestrial zones are characterized by the vegetation type while aquatic zones are characterized by their physical environment.
It is TRUE that aquatic zones are distinguished by their physical environment, whereas terrestrial zones are distinguished by the type of plant they support.
Two main categories—terrestrial and aquatic—are used to classify the biomes of the planet. Aquatic biomes encompass both freshwater and ocean biomes, whereas terrestrial biomes are based on land. Temperature and precipitation patterns that are specific to each of the eight primary terrestrial biomes on Earth help to identify them. Abiotic factors play a significant role in the distribution of biomes, as seen by comparisons between yearly precipitation totals and variations in precipitation from one biome to another. Daily and seasonal temperature variations are crucial for determining the biome's vegetation type and predicting the biome's geographic distribution. These biomes are distributed in a way that demonstrates how one biome can exist in two geographically different regions with comparable climatic conditions.
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Why are bubbles and precipitates both signs of a chemical change
Answer:
Bubbles and precipitates are both signs of a chemical change because they both indicate that a new substance has been formed.
Explanation:
Bubbles and precipitates are both signs of a chemical change because they both indicate that a new substance has been formed.
Bubbles are formed when a gas is produced as a result of a chemical reaction. The formation of bubbles is a sign that a chemical change has occurred, as a new substance, the gas, has been created.
Precipitates, on the other hand, are solid particles that form when two or more liquids are mixed and a chemical reaction occurs. The formation of a precipitate is also a sign that a chemical change has occurred, as a new substance has been formed. The precipitate can be seen as a solid material that is visibly different from the original substances that were mixed.
In summary, both bubbles and precipitates are physical evidence that a chemical change has occurred because they both indicate that a new substance has been formed through a chemical reaction.
Imagine that this cleared area was made for a farm that grows only one type of crop. What kinds of outcomes might you predict for this new area of low biodiversity
The kinds of outcomes which might happen for this new area of low biodiversity represent a loss of biodiversity that might be irreversible.
What is Biodiversity?This is referred to as the variation among living organisms from different sources including terrestrial, marine ecosystems, etc.
If the cleared area was made for a farm that grows only one type of crop then it means that the biodiversity will be low and irreversible because only few species of organisms will be present as against those which can grow a lot of crops.
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A stem cell continuously expresses the DIV and ID genes. Which of the following could cause this inhibition of differentiation? (Mark all that apply)
A.) The neural pathway transducer P1 acts as a phosphatase that would target transducer P2 of the skin pathway.
B.) The neural pathway transducer P2 is always phosphorylated.
C.) The neural signal is over expressed.
D.) The skin pathway receptor is not able to autophosphorylate when the skin signal is present.
A stem cell continuously depicts the DIV and ID genes. This could be caused by- The neural path transducer P2 is consistently phosphorylated and The neural signal is overexpressed
What is paracrine and autocrine signalling?Autocrine signalling is a type of signaling in which a cell secretes a hormone that hooks to the receptors on the same cell and leads to functional modifications in the cell. Paracrine signaling is a state of cell signalling in which the mark cell is close to the signal-releasing cell.
What is meant by stem cell gene expression?Gene expression studies both genome and has played an important role in enhancing our understanding. It has helped us to understand the genetic characteristics of stem cells via the identification of molecular signatures that indicate normal stem cell function.
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Which of the following lymphoid cells have the capability of spontaneous cytotoxicity of various target cells? A. Cytotoxic T cells (TC) B. Helper T cells (TH) C. Natural killer cells (NK) D. B cells.
The lymphoid cells that have the capability of spontaneous cytotoxicity of various target cells are Natural killer cells (NK). Here option C is the correct answer.
Natural Killer cells (NK) are a type of cytotoxic lymphocyte that do not require prior sensitization to target cells and can spontaneously lyse various types of target cells, including tumor cells and virus-infected cells.
They are able to recognize and kill cells that have abnormal surface markers, such as a lack of MHC class I molecules, which makes them especially effective at killing cancer cells and virus-infected cells.
Cytotoxic T cells (TC) are also able to perform cytotoxicity to target cells, but they require prior sensitization and the recognition of target cells through the T cell receptor (TCR) and the specific recognition of the target cells via the MHC class I molecules.
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imagine a couple that is ready to start a family. they plan to have exactly four children. assuming no multiple births (twins, triplets, etc.), use the information provided in pascal's triangle (figure 2.15) to determine how many different ways they may have exactly three boys and one girl.
Four ,The one girl can be the first, second, third, or fourth child, by use the information provided in pascal's triangle.
What is the name for multiple births?If you are expecting more than one child at once, you are said to be pregnants multiple births. Twins are two infants that you are carrying at the same time. Triplets are three children delivered inside one pregnancy. Additionally, you can bear numerous infants at once (high-order multiples).Usually, when more than one egg is fertilised, several pregnancies result. It can also occur when a fertilised egg divides into two or more embryos, each of which develops into a baby. Identical twins are the offspring produced when a single fertilised egg divides into two.To learn more about pascal's triangle refer to:
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Describe in 1-2 complete sentences how the motor commands from the CNS would travel to the effector target organ or tissue. Tell if the motor command will travel via the somatic or autonomic nervous system; explain why.
Motor commands can be either somatic or autonomic, somatic are voluntary and innervate skeletal muscles. While autonomic are involuntary and innervate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.
What is muscle function?Their predominant function is contractibility. Muscles, attached to bones or internal organs and blood vessels, are responsible for movement. Nearly all movement in the body is the result of muscle contraction.
Why are muscles important?Healthy muscles let you move freely and keep your body strong. They help you to enjoy playing sports, dancing, walking the dog, swimming, and other fun activities. And they help you do those other (not so fun) things that you have to do, like making the bed, vacuuming the carpet, or mowing the lawn.
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Which of the following is an abiotic factor in a biome? A.treesB.waterC.insectsD.birds
Water, air, soil, sunlight, and minerals are examples of abiotic factors. Biotic factors are organisms that are alive or were once alive in an ecosystem.
These are obtained from the biosphere and have the ability to reproduce. Animals, birds, plants, fungi, and other similar organisms are examples of biotic factors.
An abiotic factor is a non-living component of an ecosystem that influences its surroundings. Temperature, light, and water are some examples in a terrestrial ecosystem. Abiotic factors in a marine ecosystem include salinity and ocean currents.
Examples of abiotic factors include sunlight, water, air, humidity, pH, temperature, salinity, precipitation, altitude, type of soil, minerals, wind, dissolved oxygen, mineral nutrients present in the soil, air and water,
etc.
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[x] body develops from two layers of embrotic tissues, not to be confused with the other body type, that includes the mesoderm, a third body layer.
define the following words that were included in today's lesson: inorganic, organic, compound, glucose
inorganic compound, these are the compound which do not have carbon - hydrogen bond. Examples could be of carbon dioxide, salt which is sodium and chloride.
It has ionic bond between metals and nonmetals.
They are soluble in water, conductive, high melting and boiling point.
organic compound, it has both carbon and hydrogen and makes up living.
It includes carbohydrates, protein, fats etc.
made up of covalent bonds.
it is not soluble in water, hace low boiling and melting point and is non conductive.
Glucose, is a major sugar comes under carbohydrate which means it is an organic molecule.
it has the molecular formula of C6H1206, energy source of living.
Broken down during respiration for ATP.
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egarding food safety, a. explain whether there is a greater risk for e. coli o157:h7 infection when consuming a hamburger compared to consuming a steak. b. also, discuss whether or not food poisoning can still occur after consuming a reheated pot of soup known to be contaminated with staphylococcus aureus.
A. E.coli O157:H7 is a pathogenic strain of E.coli causing diarrhea in humans. It produces the shiga toxin which is responsible for the illness. E.coli O157:H7 infects the intestinal epithelial cells.
Ground meat is used to prepare hamburgers. Most food gets contaminated with E.coli when the amount of handling increased. In case of ground meet, the beef has to be pulverized in order to make the hamburger patty. As this process involves many stages, there is more risk of contamination in hamburger patty. A steak on the other hand is only cut out meat,. So there are chances of contamination only on surface. The inner surfaces are relatively free of contamination. If the steak is cooked medium rare, most of the bacteria will be killed. As there are lesser chances of contamination in inside of the steak, the steak will have less chances of contamination. Pathogenic strain of E .coli is killed at temperature above 70 degree centigrade. It is possible that if the hamburger patty is cooked medium rare, the inside of the patty may not reach that temperature and kill pathogenic E.coli. Hamburger and steak should not be consumed rare. However, if cooked medium rare, steaks are safer than hamburgers to consume.
B. S. aureus is known to cause infections in humans. When the food is cooked, S. aureus should be killed. However, it can get decontaminated when handled later on, after cooling. This allows the growth of S. aureus. When food is reheated, the reheating will kill the S. aureus. But S. aureus is known to produce heat stable enterotoxins. These enterotoxins will survive the reheating and can cause staphylococcal food poisoning. These enterotoxins include SEA-SEE, SIG-SIK, which are mainly responsible for the food poisoning. Very low amounts of these toxins are sufficient to cause food poisoning in humans. Hence, staphylococcal food poisoning can still occur even when the S. aureus is destroyed after reheating.
What is enterotoxin?
A material that is bad for your digestive system is called an enterotoxin. It is created by certain microorganisms. If you consume contaminated food or water, the enterotoxin will enter your stomach and intestines. Symptoms like cramps, nauseousness, vomiting, or diarrhoea are brought on by this.
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