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The extra flaps of skin are an example of Convergent evolution.

What is Convergent evolution?

Convergent evolution is the independent  evolution of capabilities which might be comparable in species spanning over exclusive eras. Convergent evolution produces analogous systems having comparable features or forms.

However, they're now no longer visible withinside the last common ancestor of these units.

These structures do not reflect homology, even though they are analogous. There are similarities in the phenotypic level, where apparent characteristics are shared by lineages. The implicit DNA sequences, however, vary.

Convergent evolution occurs when species take similar ecological niches, where they accommodate in a kind of similar manner by responding to selective pressures that are similar.

Characteristics coming via Convergent evolution are called 'analogous structures'.

Therefore, the extra flaps of skin in both flying squirrels and sugar gliders are an example of Convergent evolution.

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When biological membranes are frozen and then fractured, they tend to break along the bilayer middle. The best explanation for this is that when membrane surfaces are frozen, hydrophilic connections between them might be lost.

Phosphate and lipid molecules are arranged in a two-layered arrangement that makes up the phospholipid bilayer. The hydrophobic lipid ends of this cell membrane point inward, whereas the hydrophilic phosphate ends point outward. Since the hydrophobic interactions are weakest in the middle, they will break here at freezing temperatures. A membrane's bilayer splits in half between its two phospholipid layers when it is freeze-fractured.

Integral proteins are the bumps seen on the membrane's cracked surface in an electron micrograph of a membrane that has been frozen. The phospholipid bilayer is broken in half using the freeze-fracture technique.

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Rick and Ronda can have normally- pigmented children in the ratio 1 normal: 1 albino.

What is albinism?

The rare genetic disease known as albinism results in pale or colourless skin, hair, or eyes. An error in one of the several genes that make or distribute melanin, the pigment that gives skin, eyes, and hair their colour, is the root cause of albinism. Melanin production could be absent or drastically diminished as a result of the defect.

A dominant allele, which can come from just one parent, causes a dominant phenotype in those who possess one copy of the gene. A person needs two copies of a recessive allele, one from each parent, in order for it to result in a recessive phenotype. One dominant and one recessive allele for a gene will result in a person with the dominant phenotype.

Being an autosomal recessive condition, albinism only manifests in homozygous recessive genotypes. Since the recessive gene is concealed by the presence of a healthy dominant gene, the heterozygous genotype will be normal but act as a carrier. The query said that the father of the normal pigmented man was an albino (aa). The man has a normal phenotype but an Aa genotype, indicating that he acquired the afflicted gene from his father but that it is hidden by the presence of the dominant allele (A) (carrier).

Parent generation :  aa (albino man)  x  Aa (carrier woman)

F 1 generation = 1 normal child : 1 albino

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RNA polymerase is responsible for the synthesis of RNA from DNA template. In order for specific cyclins to be expressed, RNA polymerase must first bind to the promoter region of the gene encoding the cyclin.

Once bound, RNA polymerase will begin to transcribe the gene into RNA. The RNA produced by RNA polymerase can then be translated into protein, which will go on to perform the function of the cyclin. Cyclin is a protein that regulates the cell cycle. It does this by binding to and activating enzymes that control cell division.

Cyclin is produced in response to signals that tell the cell it is time to divide. These signals can come from other cells in the body, or from the environment. Once cyclin is produced, it binds to enzymes that control cell division. These enzymes are called cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). CDKs phosphorylate (add a phosphate group to) other proteins that control cell division. This phosphorylation activates these proteins, and the cell begins to divide.

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Using your gloved hand to apply pressure on the wound to control bleeding Direct pressure.

Bleeding that can be seen coming from a wound. External bleeding. The escape of blood from an artery, vein, or capillary inside the body. d. Internal bleeding.A tight band placed around an arm or leg to constrict blood vessels in order to stop blood flow to a wound Tourniquet.

Blood vessels that carry blood from all parts of the body to the heart. f. Veins Vessels that transport blood to the capillaries for distribution to the cells arteries A bandage applied snugly to maintain pressure on the wound to control bleeding Pressure bandage.

Therefore, Using your gloved hand to apply pressure on the wound to control bleeding Direct pressure.

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external bleeding from a vein is relatively easy to control because it is accompanied by an open wound. Bleeding can lead to a complex chain of events as the brain, heart, and lungs try to compensate for the loss of blood.

The most difficult type  is bleeding from the arteries because the blood in the arteries comes directly from the heart.

Arterial blood has a high concentration of oxygen and has a bright red color. Arterial bleeding is a form of life-threatening external bleeding  needs to be controlled as quickly as possible.

bleeding  from veins are closer to the skin's surface, Venous blood flows at a slower rate than arterial blood and it doesn't spurt, making it easier to control.

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The option (D) is correct. Refraction occurs most frequently over ocean trenches or valleys.

Refraction is the redirection of a wave as it passes from one medium to another. The redirection can be caused by the wave's change in speed or by a change in the medium.

Moreover, light waves change speed when they pass across the boundary between two substances with a different density , such as air and glass. This causes them to change direction.

Therefore, the bending of light (it also happens with sound, water and other waves) as it passes from one transparent substance into another. This bending by refraction makes it possible for us to have lenses, magnifying glasses, prisms and rainbows. Even our eyes depend upon this bending of light.

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The number of chromosomes in a cell could go from haploid to diploid as a result of fertilization.

Fertilization, also known as generative fertilization, syngamy, and impregnation, is the fusion of gametes that results in the formation of a new individual organism or offspring and the beginning of its development. Fertilization is defined as the union of two haploid gametes, the spermatozoa and the oocyte, also known as the egg, to restore the diploid state, form a zygote through the process of egg activation, and initiate a series of mitotic divisions that result in cell differentiation and embryo development.

Fertilization is divided into four stages: 1) sperm preparation, 2) sperm-egg recognition and binding, 3) sperm-egg fusion, and 4) fusion of sperm and egg pronuclei and zygote activation.

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Answer:

blood

Explanation:

blood-brain barrier

The ability of glucose to affect the transcription of the lac operon is an advantage for the bacterial cell because glucose is the preferred sugar for the bacteria.

The lactose operon is an operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose in E. coli and many other enteric bacteria.

In the lactose operon of Escherichia coli, the final targets of glucose are the lac repressor and the positive regulator, the complex of the cAMP receptor protein (CRP) and cAMP. First, glucose prevents the entry of the inducer into the cell, resulting in an increase in the concentration of the inducer-free lac repressor.

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Zonation in aquatic zones includes all except the detritus zone.

Zonation can be defines as the distribution of a biome into different zones according to the distribution and variety of species present on that area. In aquatic area, the zones are classified as:  Littoral Zone, Limnetic Zone, Profundal Zone, Euphotic Zone, and Benthic Zone.

Detritus zone is the one where the detritivores are found. The detritovores are the organisms that feed on dead and decaying organic matter of plants and animals. Detritivores are present in the littoral zone. However since it is buried deep down on the earth. it is not directly the part of aquatic zones.

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Answer:

Mitochondria

Explanation:

In animal cells, the mitochondria converts food into useable energy (through cellular respiration).

Answer:

A = Carbohydrate chains

B = glycoproteins

C = Glucose

D = Hydrophylic head

E = Hydrophobic tails

F = Phospholipid bi-layer

G = Cytoskeleton

H = Structural proteins

I = Cholesterol

J = Channel protein

Explanation: open source intelligence could have solved your question. mark brainliest tho ty

Differential treatment on the basis of gender is also known as  gender discrimination

Women make their claims for benefits as spouses and carers, whilst males do so as family providers and earners. Gender differentiation is tied to separate programs for labor market and family demands, structuring benefits claims. The gap between the benefits received by men and women is known as gender inequality.

An individual's internal and unique experience of gender is their gender identity. It is the perception of a person as being a woman, a man, neither, both, or somewhere else on the gender continuum. A person's gender identity could be the same as or different from the sex they were given at birth.

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Using the theories of lizard species, we got that Decreased fecundity is the life-history trait which is expected in Vivipara lizards in the mountains as compared to individuals from warmer, lowland regions.

Due to the fitness trade-offs, the mountain population must strike a balance between the survivorship and the fecundity. Therefore, the mountain population exhibits the higher survivorship but lower fecundity than lowland populations.

Hence, In the lizard species  Vivipara, most females from the colder, mountainous part of the range live much longer than do individuals from warmer, lowland regions as Compared to the lowlands, the life-history trait which  is expected in lizards living in the mountains is Decreased fecundity.

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Neurons which carry impulses from sensory receptors in the internal organs (viscera), skin, skeletal muscles, joints, or special sensory organs are called sensory neurons.

Neurons are the nerve cells that function to transmit signals in the form of electrical signals to and from the brain. The neurons are the longest cell in human body. The structure of neuron is composed of a cell body surrounded by dendrites, a long axon and the axon terminal.

Sensory organs are those that receive signals from the outer environment. These organs are composed of sensory neurons that help them receive the stimulus. The sensory organs of the body are eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin.

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Incomplete dominance and codominance are two different patterns of control that could exist for a single gene with two alleles rather than complete dominance (i.e., other than dominant/recessive).

Incomplete dominance is a genetic phenomenon in which both alleles are expressed in the phenotype in a similar way that the genetic phenomenon of codominance. However, incomplete dominance denoted the higher expression of a gene variant or allele over another, while codominance involves the expression of both alleles in an equivalent manner.

For example, the expression of the A and B alleles in the blood allele system is a case of codominance.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that incomplete dominance and codominance are two different genetic phenomena that involve the expression of alleles in a single locus in a different manner when compared to complete dominance.

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Answer:

the correct option is be a walrus stays warm in the cold ocean.

Explanation:

Hello, everyone in this weekend we are being asked which of the following is most likely the result of an organism having lipids in its body. So  basically walruses have blubber on their bodies to keep them warm in the cold arctic ocean.

Answer:  It's A

Explanation:

The leading cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis, is smoking. Your risk of rises as a result.

What happens if someone with COPD continues to smoke?

Even after acquiring COPD, smoking worsens the condition and may even cause flare-ups or exacerbations. Exacerbations are a sudden exacerbation of symptoms, which typically manifest as extremely uncomfortable breathing. These episodes have the potential to be fatal and can make the condition worse.

When do most smokers develop COPD?

What is the average age that COPD first manifests? The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute states that COPD most frequently affects smokers or those who have smoked in the past who are over 40.

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Answer:

b) Nucleus, ribosome, ER, Golgi complex

Explanation:

"B" is correct because, with protein production, DNA must first be transcripted to RNA in the nucleus, then the RNA travels to a ribosome at the ER to start translation (RNA to amino acid sequence). Finally, it is sent to the Golgi complex to be further processed and/or sorted to be transported to its destination (in this case, it will be sorted to be transported to the cell membrane).

"C" is incorrect: the mitochondria, cytoskeleton, and lysosome do not play a direct role in protein synthesis.

Somatic cells and zygote are diploid whereas germ cell, sperm cell, gamete, egg cell are all haploid.

A cell with a single set of chromosomes is called haploid. The number of chromosomes in sperm or egg cells, often known as gametes, is also referred to as haploid. In humans, gametes are haploid cells with 23 chromosomes—one of each chromosomal pair found in diplod cells—and are hence haploid.

Human somatic cells are diploid, meaning they have 46 chromosomes, 22 pairs of autosomes, and a pair of sex chromosomes. A diploid cell is one that has two copies of each chromosome.

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Anti-A is contained in antiserum A.

The AB0 typing test is used to find your blood type. Antibodies against type A and B blood are in combination with a blood sample. The selection is then examined to analyze if the blood cells are sticking together. When the blood reacts with one of the antibodies, the blood cells stick together.

Anti-A, anti-B and anti-A,B reagents are used for the determination of ABO blood group red blood cells. They are used to determine the presence or absence of erythrocyte antigens A and/or B on the surface of human erythrocytes.

Cells have protein molecules called antigens. When an antigen is foreign to the body it responds by producing antibodies against that antigen.

If red blood cells contain antigen A, the body is more likely to have anti-A antibodies than antibody B.

Therefore, the antibodies present in antiserum a are anti-A

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Chromosomes contain the genes. The transmission and expression of inherited features from parents to children are governed by genes. This is the most accurate way to explain how chromosomes, genes, and inherited traits interact. The right response in this case is option B.

Chromosomes, which are found in the cell nucleus, are where genes are found. There are hundreds to thousands of genes on each chromosome. There are 46 chromosomes in all, or 23 pairs, in each typical human cell. Any characteristic that is influenced by more than one gene is called a trait.

Chromosomes are multi-gene-containing structures. They determine a person's distinctive characteristics and are passed on from parents to children. Every organism's genome is made up of DNA, genes, and chromosomes. Every living thing, including people, has a distinct genome.

Complete question:

Which best describes the relationship between chromosomes, genes, and inherited traits?

A - Genes and chromosomes both carry DNA that determine inherited traits from parents to offspring.

B - Genes are located within chromosomes. Genes determine the passing and expression of inherited traits from parent to offspring.

C - Chromosomes are located within genes. Chromosomes determine genetic code for inherited traits from parent to offspring.

D - Genes are controlled by chromosomes. Chromosomes create mutations and new genes that are passed from parent to offspring.

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Cholera is an infectious disease that occurs when it enters the body. This will have a series of symptoms after admission.

The V. cholerae will be found in contaminated water that is ingested by the individual, if the V. cholerae survives it will pass from the stomach to the intestine and there it will adhere through the pili (which are its adhesins) and then begin to produce cholera toxins. This will cause the host cells to begin to break down, leading to severe diarrhea.

After dealing the damage, the v. cholerae will leave the host via feces. This will cause profuse dehydration in the individual which can lead to death.

It can also generate painful muscle cramps due to the loss of potassium that occurs thanks to profuse diarrhea.

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A sensitive and dynamic method of controlling protein activity, stability, protein interaction, and subcellular localization is provided by phosphorylation. Multiple kinases frequently target global regulators, changing the expression of numerous genes.

Kinase mutations can deactivate apoptotic pathways, activate proliferative pathways that disrupt cell cycle checkpoints and lead to genomic instability, inhibit or eliminate DNA damage response, increase angiogenesis and cell motility, or all of the above.Kinase mutations can decrease or abolish the DNA damage response, increase angiogenesis and cell motility, activate proliferative pathways that break cell cycle checkpoints and cause genomic instability, or do all of the above.Hanks-type kinases and phosphatases are used by bacteria for signal transduction, just like eukaryotes, and protein phosphorylation is involved in a variety of cellular processes.

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Answer:

Energy drives the cycling of matter within and between systems. Energy drives the cycling of matter within and between systems in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration (including anaerobic processes) provide most of the energy for life processes.

Explanation:

In incomplete dominance, heterozygous individuals express an intermediate phenotype between homozygous dominant and homozgous recessive phenotypes. Behind you will find four radishes crosses and the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the F1 generation.

Incomplete dominance is an inheritance pattern in which neither of the involved alleles completely dominates over the other one.

In heterozygous individuals, both alleles are expressed, and they possess an intermediate phenotype between the two homozygous individuals.

Heterozygous individuals express as a mixture of both homozygous progenitors.

Radishes color is an example of a feature coded by a gene that expresses incomplete dominance.

To answer the question, I will propose four different crosses because I do not have the genotypes of the radishes that are cross-pollinated. So I advise you to study the four cases and select the one that matches your example.

Cross 1: Red with white

Parentals) RR   x   WW

Gametes) R   R    W    W

F1) 100% RW, purple radishes

Cross 2: Red with Purple

Parentals) RR   x   RW

Gametes) R   R     R   W

F1) 50% RR red + 50% RW Purple

Cross 3: White with Purple

Parentals) WW x RW

Gametes) W   W   R   W

F1) 50% RW Purple + 50% WW White

Cross 4: Purple with Purple

Parentals) RW   x   RW

Gametes)  R    W    R   W

F1) 25% RR red + 50% RW Purple + 25% WW White

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Multinucleation is one mechanism adopted by cells to generate and sustain large muscle cell sizes.

Muscle cells are one of the most important mobile kinds, which are fashioned via the fusion of mononucleated myoblasts and contain up to numerous tens of invertebrates to several hundred vertebrates nuclei.

Skeletal muscle cells are long, cylindrical, and striated. they're multi-nucleated which means that they have got multiple nuclei. that is due to the fact they are formed from the fusion of embryonic myoblasts. each nucleus regulates the metabolic necessities of the sarcoplasm around it.

Few cells such as the skeletal muscle cells are multinucleated cells due to the fact after the system of mitosis, cell division in them stops and the cell does not undergo cytokinesis, as a result generating a couple of nuclei. at some point in most cancers or viral sicknesses, the cellular cycle of those cells will become unregulated.

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In meiosis, each gamete receives one allele according to the law of segregation.

Each gamete inherits one allele from each parent for each gene, in accordance with the Law of Segregation.

The gamete acquires one copy of each allele from each parent after each parent's two copies of each allele are split apart during meiosis (for a total of two alleles).

Therefore due to the law of segregation one gamete receives only one allele according to the law of segregation.

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