Making sense of stimuli can be done in two different ways: bottom-up and top-down. In bottom-up processing, we let the input itself, free of any prior notions, influence our vision. In top-down processing, we interpret what we perceive by drawing on our prior knowledge and expectations.
What is bottom-up processing?A range of domains, including software, humanistic and scientific ideas, management, and organisation, use top-down and bottom-up methodologies for processing information and arranging knowledge. In actuality, they might be viewed as a way of thinking, instructing, or leading. When external stimuli (environment) affect our thoughts, this is known as bottom-up processing. 2. When our thoughts affect how we view (understand/perceive) the environment, this is known as top-down processing. Sensory receptors collect up messages for the brain to process and integrate through a process known as bottom-up processing. When you stub your toe on a chair, for instance, the pain receptors sense the pain and convey the information to the brain, where it is processed.
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the sarcolemma of the cardiac muscle cells has fast voltage-gated channels that participate in the depolarization of the cell membrane.
The sarcolemma of cardiac muscle cells contains voltage-gated calcium channels, unique ion channels that are absent in skeletal muscle.
What quizlet causes a cardiac muscle cell to depolarize?
A cardiac muscle cell becomes depolarized as ions move quickly across the cell membrane. Depolarization happens when electrically charged solutes (ions) cross the membranes of heart cells.
When the heart muscle depolarizes, what happens?
Due to the fact that heart muscle contraction is brought on by heart muscle depolarization, an EKG is a measure of indirect heart muscle contraction. Without an external stimulus, heart cells will depolarize on their own. Automaticity or autorhythmicity is the term used to describe this property of the cardiac muscle.
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i need help on this qustions today please
The Great Compromise was historically important because it resolved the issue of representation in the U.S. Congress by establishing a bicameral legislature with equal representation in the Senate and proportional representation in the House of Representatives.
This compromise helped to balance the interests of small and large states and laid the foundation for the structure of the U.S. government.
Federalism is important as it allows for the division of power between the central government and state governments.
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why must firefighters use tactics that control the oxygen available to the fire when they advance a hoseline through a door or ventilate windows?
The firefighters should use tactics that control the oxygen available to the fire when they advance a hoseline through a door or ventilate windows to prevent unwanted fire spread.
A firefighter is a first responder and rescuer who has received extensive training in firefighting. They are primarily responsible for putting out dangerous fires that endanger life, property, and the environment, as well as for saving people's lives and, in some cases or jurisdictions, animals as well.
Firefighters are sometimes referred to as firemen or, less frequently, as firewomen if they are female.
The fire service, also referred to as the fire brigade or fire department in some countries, is one of the three primary emergency services. Firefighters are now commonplace all over the world, from cities to ships.
Throughout a firefighter's career, training evaluations involve regular practice of the skills needed for safe operations. Typically, local, regional, or state-approved fire academies or training programs are used to teach basic firefighting skills.
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How an APS score could
affect learners' applications for a bachelor's degree at any
Higher Education institution (HEI).
For those enrolling in college, an Admission Point Score (APS) is crucial. This is due to the fact that they must meet a minimum APS score in order to enroll in a college or course.
They can achieve this by making sure they receive high marks in each of their studies. High grades translate into strong APS points. A student needs to have 23 APS points overall in order to receive a Bachelor's Pass. So, they will need to achieve.
Four topics with a minimum score of 50–59%. In the native tongue, 40–49%. Universities utilize the APS (Admission Point Score) approach to determine whether or not to admit applicants. In order to study it, students must obtain a particular APS Score.
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Correct Question:
How an APS score could affect learners' applications for a bachelor's degree at any Higher Education institution (HEI).
what are the standards for knowing a laguange i.e. native or bilingual proficiency limited working proficieny
Native or bilingual proficiency is the standard for knowing a language.
Effectively communicate ideas and concepts using speaking, writing, visual, and non-verbal means, as well as through listening to understand. the capacity to convey knowledge orally, in writing, or digitally.
This denotes that you are entirely fluent in the language with little to no accent, having either grown up speaking it as your first language or having been exposed to it for an extended period.
Complete professional proficiency is the ability to engage in sophisticated conversations about a variety of current events, and technical subjects like business and finance. Even so, you might occasionally speak incorrectly or with a slight accent. Your vocabulary is broad, and you can carry on conversations with ease.
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an article in your local paper describes a fox that was caught stealing hundreds of shoes from the residents of a town in germany. what category of newsworthiness might justify this kind of article?
Novelty- Events that are exceptional, dramatic, or of human interest pique the media's interest. As a result, the originality of this type of article justifies it.
Novelty is so vital to happiness that studies have identified "neophilia" — the urge to try new things — as a predictor of lifespan. People who actively seek out new experiences throughout their lives are happier and healthier. Animal studies on the brain's sensitivity to novelty have found that dopamine levels rise in the presence of novelty.
So, in response to novelty, the brain releases dopamine, which makes us want to go exploring in pursuit of a reward.
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which factor determines the difference between interrogations and interviews? group of answer choices who is being questioned the type of questions the length of questioning who is conducting the questioning
Although gathering information is the goal of both interviews and interrogations, the former are informal processes while the latter include formally questioning a witness to an alleged crime.
What do interviews and interrogations have in common?The key similarity between interrogations and interviews is the use of direct questioning to elicit specific responses. In all cases, the intent is to learn more about the issue by asking questions about it.
What distinguishes an interviewer from someone doing an interview?Interviewees introduce themselves and try to justify why they are the best choice for the job. Nonetheless, interviewers act as representatives for their business or client and work to select the most qualified applicants for positions.
What distinguishes an interview from an interview schedule?The interviewer will use the schedule and fill in the blanks with the information gleaned from the actual interview. A schedule for the interview makes it easier to do one. It is simpler to conduct and complete the interview because the questions have already been prepared.
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How did the mountain ranges in Greece affect the formation of government? Short answer
The hilly terrain of the Greek government territory, as well as its numerous isolated valleys and offshore islands, favoured the growth of several local centres of power.
The country is well known for the thousands of islands dotting the beautiful Aegean Sea to the east, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and the Ionian Sea to the west. The mainland contains rough mountains, forests, and lakes.
Greece was primarily covered with mountains, including the Pindus Mountains and Mount Olympus, and it was bordered by the Ionian Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Aegean Sea on three sides. This indicated that mountains and the sea divided the Greek city-states of classical Greece.
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entails listening with the goal of comprehending and retaining information called
Entails listening with the goal of comprehending and retaining information called as Active listening.
Active listening is a communication fashion that requires the listener to understand, interpret, and retain what's being said. It's a skill that involves the listener's full attention, as the listener focuses on the words being spoken and the body language of the speaker. It also involves the listener seesawing, making eye contact, and furnishing verbal
responses similar as to show understanding. Active listening requires the listener to pay close attention to the speaker, asking questions for explanation, and furnishing feedback to insure that both parties have a participated understanding of the information being bandied.
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The theories of Piaget, Vygotsky, and information processing are major theories of ______ development in early childhood. physiological evolutionary psychoanalytic cognitive
The ideas of Piaget, Vygotsky, and information processing are among the most influential ones on (B) cognitive development in young children.
What are theories of cognition?According to cognitive theory, the human mind functions like a computer that continuously processes and encodes data.
According to cognitive theory, a person's mind will consult previous schema—internal frameworks made by memories—when they are presented with stimuli in order to make sense of it.
Major theories of cognitive development in early childhood include those of Piaget, Vygotsky, and information processing.
Sensorimotor intelligence, preoperational thinking, concrete operational thinking, and formal operational thinking were the four main phases of cognitive development identified by Piaget.
When a therapist instructs you on how to recognize unhelpful thought patterns and replace them with helpful ones, for instance, they are applying cognitive theory ideas.
Therefore, the ideas of Piaget, Vygotsky, and information processing are among the most influential ones on (B) cognitive development in young children.
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Complete question:
The theories of Piaget, Vygotsky, and information processing are major theories of ______ development in early childhood.
Multiple choice questions.
A. evolutionary
B. cognitive
C. physiological
D. psychoanalytic
which work personality type describes someone who values self-expression and dislikes structure?
Answer:
Artistic
Explanation:
The work personality type that describes someone who values self-expression and dislikes structure is the "Creative" personality type and also The "Inventor" personality type.
The "Inventor" person enjoys creativity and likes to work independently. They often thrive in open-ended projects and take initiative to create their own unique solutions to problems.
For the "Creative" one, this type of person thrives in environments that allow for creativity and individuality, and they often struggle in traditional, structured settings. They value self-expression and the ability to express themselves freely, and they may become frustrated or unhappy in situations that do not allow for this. Creative personalities are often artistic, imaginative, and unconventional, and they are driven by a desire to create and express themselves in unique ways.
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in a totalitarian political system, . question 13 options: political power resides with the citizens of the country governments direct most economic activity but few social ones an individualistic outlook shapes political debate and policy formation one agent monopolizes political power
In a totalitarian political system, one agent monopolizes political power. Thus, option 'D' is the correct option.
What happens in a totalitarian system?A kind of government known as totalitarianism aims to have complete control over the lives of its people. The strong central rule that uses force and repression to try to manage and control every area of a person's life is what distinguishes it. Individual freedom is not allowed.
Totalitarian nations were characterized by concentrated power, rigid cultural norms, constrained personal liberties, planned economies, and widespread propaganda. By World War II, totalitarianism had evolved to mean absolute and tyrannical single-party rule.
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four freshman endured violence but responded with wisdom during what became known as the lunch counter sit-ins at what university in greensboro nc?
North Carolina Agricultural and Technical College became known as the lunch counter sit-ins.
What is agriculture?The word agriculture is defined as the encompass of crops, and livestock production. Agriculture was the key to developing the rise of sedimentary human civilization. In agriculture fisheries and forestry for the non-food product there in it.
In 1960, there were four freshmen are there in the North Carolina Agricultural and Technical College. In the lunch store, the F. W. Woolworth was quietly sitting at the lunch counter. and they were refuses the services.
Therefore, As a result, In the next morning, they come with around 25 students to the North Carolina Agricultural and Technical College.
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mary is a coffee lover. however, heeding her friend's advice, she resolves to stop her coffee consumption for good. mary is most likely to show the withdrawal effect of
Mary enjoys her coffee. But after hearing her friend's counsel, she decides to give up coffee for good. Mary is most likely to exhibit headaches associated with withdrawal.
How do headaches feel?Pain or discomfort in the head or face is known as a headache. The location and degree of the pain, as well as how frequently headaches occur, vary substantially. Since the brain tissue lacks pain-sensitive nerve fibers, it cannot experience pain.
Having a primary headache means that the primary medical issue is the headache itself, even though there may be other contributing factors like muscular tension or exposure to certain foods. Medication, dehydration, or hormonal fluctuations are some additional contributing causes.
An underlying medical issue is associated with a subsequent headache. An illustration of this might be a headache brought on by a sinus infection, a jaw problem, an eye problem, or a neck injury.
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Why was the location of the new nation’s capital city controversial?
Answer:
Explanation:? The various regions (e.g. the South) wanted to control it, and they did not want the other region to control it.
Judy believes that her fate is determined by her own actions. Judy's belief best illustratesanswer choicesa. self-actualizationb. psychological reactancec. a preoperational schemad. the basis for psychological deteminisme. an internal locus of control
Judy believes that her fate is determined by her own actions. Judy's belief best illustrates an internal locus of control.
The locus of control measures how much a person thinks they, rather than outside influences, are in charge of how things turn out in their lives. Julian B. Rotter created the idea in 1954, and it has since evolved into a component of personality psychology. A person's locus of control is conceptualized as either internal, the conviction that one has control over one's own life, or external, the conviction that one's life is determined by outside forces that one cannot change, or that one's life is determined by chance or fate. Another word for internal control locus is "agency." Overall, it includes the capacity to act, be efficient, shape one's own life, and take accountability for one's actions. Reasonably high locus of control people think their actions with their surroundings will lead to predictable outcomes. Studies have shown that the internal locus of control is a predictor of improved academic achievement, job satisfaction, and health outcomes.
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laura and miguel are colleagues teaching psychology in a university. laura's research emphasizes the behavioral perspective, while miguel is more influenced by the sociocultural perspective. in comparison with laura, miguel is more likely to emphasize the:
Compared to Laura, Miguel is more likely to stress how people behave and even learn in different ways depending on their culture or way of life.
What does psychology mean when it refers to behavior?The behavioral viewpoint is a psychology strategy that contends that external environmental cues and observable behavior are crucial to comprehending how people develop.
Give an explanation of sociocultural perspective in psychology?A theory known as sociocultural perspective is employed in disciplines like psychology and education to describe knowledge of the conditions surrounding people and how their behaviors are especially influenced by their environment, social networks, and cultural variables.
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Even if it conflicts with the u.s. constitution, a state constitution is supreme within that state’s borders. True or False?
False. Even if it conflicts with the U.S. Constitution, a state constitution is not supreme within that state’s borders.
The Articles of Confederation, which established a "solid league of friendship" between the States and gave the Confederate Congress the majority of the power, had issues that led to the necessity for the Constitution. This authority was severely constrained, however, as the central government fixed weights and measures, made war, and handled all interstate disputes. Most importantly, it was fully reliant on the States for the funding needed to run because it was completely unable of raising any money on its own. Each State sent a delegation to the Congress, consisting of two to seven representatives, and they cast their votes collectively, with each State having one vote.
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A senator or representative running for reelection is called thea. constituentb. incumbent. c. trustee. d. delegate.
the constitution states that congress has the power to establish post offices. this is an example ofA. Enumerated powers.B. Reserved powers.C. Dual federalism.D. Checks and balances.
Option A is Correct. According to the constitution, Congress has the authority to create post offices. An illustration of an enumerated power is this.
Implied powers: Enumerated powers are those things that the Constitution expressly grants Congress the ability to do (in Article I), including the ability to organise an army, control foreign trade, borrow money, establish post offices, and wage war.
These included the power to levy and collect taxes, settle debts and borrow funds, control commerce, mint money, establish post offices, safeguard patents and other intellectual property rights, set up lower courts, declare war, and build and maintain an army and navy. The authority to coin money, control commerce, declare war, build and maintain military troops, and establish a post office are among the assigned authorities.
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dave observed the study behavior of each of his fifth grade students for 15 seconds before moving on to the next pupil and then eventually returning back to the first pupil. what method of observation was he using with each pupil?
Dave observed the study behavior of each of his fifth grade students for 15 seconds before moving on to the next pupil and then eventually returning back to the first pupil. Behaviour analysis was he using with each pupil.
A behavior analysis can be defined as someone that study other people behavior or the way people behave or act by investigating the reason why people behave and act the way the do.
A behavior analyst tent to make use of terms that are a little bit different from the way the terms are used in common language when studying and analyzing people behavior.The duty of a behavior analyst is to observe a person behavior and to correct the behavior that are unwanted or undesirable behavior.
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as a philosophy for business ethics, utilitarianism focuses attention on the need to
As a philosophy for business ethics, utilitarianism focuses attention on the need to make decisions that result in the greatest benefit for the greatest number of people.
This means that businesses should concentrate on creating the topmost quantum of good while minimizing any implicit detriment. Utilitarianism requires businesses to weigh the costs and benefits of each decision before acting. This means considering the short- term and long- term consequences of each decision and
how it'll affect all stakeholders. Utilitarianism also emphasizes the need to act with integrity, translucency, and fairness in order to produce the topmost quantum of good. By following utilitarian principles, businesses can insure that their opinions are ethical and salutary to society.
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Analyse the negative effect of peoples personal views about infectious diseases on the health and safety of people
Answer:
Well, it's a sad reality that people's personal views about infectious diseases can have a significant impact on the health and safety of others. When individuals hold misconceptions or beliefs that are not based on science, they can make decisions that put themselves and those around them at risk.
For example, some people may believe that vaccines are dangerous or ineffective, which can lead them to refuse to get vaccinated themselves or allow their children to be vaccinated. This not only puts those individuals at risk of getting sick, but it also contributes to the spread of disease by creating pockets of unvaccinated people in the population.
Similarly, people who believe that certain diseases are not serious or only affect certain groups of people may not take the necessary precautions to protect themselves and others. They may ignore public health guidelines, such as wearing masks or practicing good hygiene, which can contribute to the spread of disease.
Explanation:
In conclusion, it's important that we all educate ourselves about infectious diseases and base our views on the best available scientific evidence. Doing so will help protect ourselves, our communities, and our world from the negative effects of misinformation and misperceptions.
the third amendment to the united states constitution has to do with question 1 options: the right to bear arms. search warrants. self-incrimination. quartering of soldiers in private homes. freedom of speech and religion.
The third amendment to the united states constitution has to do with quartering of soldiers in private homes. Constitutional and statutory amendment are possible, and they are frequently made to bills as they move through a legislature.
Without the permission of the owner, it is contrary to the 3rd Amendment of the US Constitution to house soldiers in private residences during periods of peace. It prohibits it. The intent of Revision 3 is to make it unlawful for soldiers to be made to reside or housed in pvt residences of the people of the state . The 3rd Amendment forbids this practise during times of peace and enables state to establish laws that prohibit housing of soldiers during times of war.
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In which of Piaget's stages would a child be who has just developed the ability to conserve. a) preoperational b) formal operations c) sensorimotor
According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, a child who has just developed the ability to conserve would be in the concrete operational stage. Therefore none of the options is correct.
Piaget was an important swiss psychologist, who create a complex theory about the intelligence development in children.
The age of concrete operational stageThe concrete operational stage typically occurs between the ages of 7 and 11 and is characterized by the development of logical thinking and the ability to perform mental operations. One of the key abilities that emerges during this stage is the ability to conserve, or understand that the quantity of an object remains the same even if its appearance changes.
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one person's act of self-disclosure increases the odds that the other person will reveal personal information in an act of . a. reappraisal b. self-clarification c. catharsis d. reciprocity
The correct answer is d. reciprocity. Reciprocity is a social norm that refers to responding to a positive action with another positive action and to a negative action with another negative action.
Reciprocity refers to the social norm that when someone discloses personal information, we feel obligated to disclose it to them in return. This norm is based on the idea that disclosing personal information shows trust and closeness in a relationship and that both parties should contribute equally to the disclosure process.
Therefore, when one person engages in self-disclosure, it increases the likelihood that the other person will also engage in self-disclosure to reciprocate the trust and intimacy that has been shared with them.
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erikson believes that a healthy intimacy in marriage is more likely to emerge when: a. the couple has already built an identity together. b. neither partner has yet established a sense of identity and they can build an identity together. c. both partners have already established a sense of identity. d. one partner has established a sense of identity and the other fits in.
According to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, a healthy intimacy in marriage is most likely to emerge when both partners have already established a sense of identity.
This means that each individual has a clear understanding of who they are, their values, and what they want out of life. This allows for a stronger foundation for the relationship, as both partners are able to bring their own unique experiences and perspectives to the relationship, creating a diverse and rich dynamic.
However, it's important to note that this doesn't mean that both partners have to have a fully formed identity prior to entering the relationship. Rather, it means that both individuals should be actively engaged in exploring and understanding their own identity, and should have a general sense of what's important to them.
Having a sense of identity also allows for open and honest communication within the relationship, as both partners feel secure in their own sense of self. This can lead to a greater understanding and appreciation of one another, and a more fulfilling and meaningful relationship.
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juan is a six-year-old boy with a developmental disability who attends an integrated kindergarten class. assessments have identified four target behaviors. which behavior should be the first target for intervention?
Juan is a six-year-old boy with a developmental disability who attends an integrated kindergarten class. The first target of intervention would be bolting from the playground.
A category of conditions known as developmental disabilities is caused by impairments in the physical, cognitive, linguistic, or behavioral domains. However, these disorders starts from the formative stage of a person, leading to affect his/her daily functioning and lasts for the entire lifetime.
Intellectual disability is the most typical developmental disability. The second most typical developmental disability is cerebral palsy, which is followed by autism spectrum disorder.
A child's development is examined during developmental and behavioral screening tests. Parents fill out questions and checklists as part of the examinations. They cover topics such as their child's language, gestures, way of thinking, actions, and emotions. Developmental milestones are the basis for many of the questions.
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identify the term that reflects the belief that one’s own culture or way of life is normal, natural, or even superior to that of others. people who subscribe to this belief may use their culture as a basis to evaluate and judge the cultural ideas and practices of others.
The term that reflects the belief that one's own culture or way of life is normal, natural, or even superior to that of others is "ethnocentrism."
Ethnocentrism is a belief or attitude that one's own culture, values, and way of life are superior to those of others. It is a tendency to view the world from the perspective of one's own cultural group, often leading to a biased and narrow-minded scientists understanding of other cultures. Ethnocentrism can manifest in various forms, including cultural stereotypes, prejudice, discrimination, and even acts of aggression or violence. Ethnocentric attitudes can hinder intercultural communication and cooperation, leading to misunderstandings and conflicts between groups. To combat ethnocentrism, it is important to promote cultural awareness, openness, and respect for diversity. This can be achieved through education, exposure to different cultures and viewpoints, and building relationships and partnerships across cultures.
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Transcribed image text: What encourages medical sociologists working in health care and in academic settings to conduct research that deals with topics that have practical utility? The willingness of government agencies and private foundations to only fund health-related research that can help solve problems or improve bealth conditions: The influence of economic structures like capitalism on health care and academic settings. The need to develop new approaches to population-wide health disparities that can generate profit for health care and academic settings. The lack of interest in creating theoretical models to explain the health needs of a population. The pressure to abandon theoretical explanations of health and illness in the face of COVID-19. What particular problem occurs with newly emerging diseases? They have a very predictable pattern of appearance. Their pathogenesis is nearly impossible to trace. They are often difficult to control in the early stages. Their origin is always in an underdeveloped country. Their transmission becomes increasingly difficult to trace over time. How might the resurgence of infectious diseases shift the research perspective of medical sociologists? It may shift focus to acute diseases. It may shift focus away from chronic diseases It may shift focus to infectious diseases. It may shift focus to both chronic and infectious diseases. It may shift focus away from both chronic and infectious diseases. The living conditions of early nomadic humans, with close proximity to others and exploration of new environments, was favorable to widespread and frequent epidemics. True, False What motivated the American Medical Association to officially recognize obesity as a disease? Obesity reached a threshold in how many deaths to which it contributed. In reaction to the U.S. government issuing an offcial declaration for public health legislation. To encourage physicians to give more attention to it and insurers to pay for treatment. As a way to prevent insurance fraud and misuse of medical services. Obesity needed to have an official definition to generate more research and to treat it in patients.
Medical sociologists working in health care and academic settings are encouraged to conduct research that deals with topics that have practical utility due to various reasons.
Firstly, the willingness of government agencies and private foundations to only fund health-related research that can help solve problems or improve health conditions is a significant motivator for medical sociologists to focus on topics that have practical utility. Secondly, economic structures like capitalism influence health care and academic settings, and developing new approaches to population-wide health disparities that can generate profit is a priority. Thirdly, there is a need to address the lack of theoretical models that explain the health needs of a population. Finally, the pressure to abandon theoretical explanations of health and illness in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic has also shifted the focus towards practical utility. The resurgence of infectious diseases may shift the research perspective of medical sociologists towards infectious diseases, acute diseases, or both chronic and infectious diseases. This shift in perspective is because infectious diseases pose a significant threat to public health and require immediate attention to prevent outbreaks. The living conditions of early nomadic humans, with close proximity to others and exploration of new environments, were favorable to widespread and frequent epidemics. This statement is true because early nomadic humans lived in small groups and moved frequently, which allowed infectious diseases to spread quickly among the population. The American Medical Association officially recognized obesity as a disease to encourage physicians to give more attention to it and insurers to pay for treatment. This recognition was not due to a specific threshold of deaths or to prevent insurance fraud, but to promote the treatment of obesity and generate more research on the subject.
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