Identify the constitutional clause that is common to both Rosenberger v University of Virginia (1995) and Engel v Vitale (1962)

The following state-ment best describes the colonies’ view of their relation-ship with the British govern-ment. a. The colonists have demanded fair treat-ment from the British govern-ment many times, and they be-lieve separating from Britain is their last re-sort.

We have warn-ed the British govern-ment from time to time of attempts by their legis-lature to extend an unwarran-table jurisdiction over us. We have remind-ed them of the circum-stances of our emigration and settle-ment here. We have appeal-ed to their nat-ive justice and magnanimity, and we have con-jured them by the ties of our common kind-red to disavow these usur-pations, which, would inevi-tably interrupt our connections and corres-pondence.

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Answer:

1. arms race

2. sputnik

3. communist

4. McCarthyism

The main parallel between the Romans' invasion of England and the Eldorado exploration expedition is that both were motivated by the prospect of wealth and power.

The Romans invaded England with the hope of expanding their empire, while the Eldorado exploration expedition was searching for a mythical city of gold. Both expeditions were motivated by the prospect of wealth and power, as well as a desire for exploration and adventure.

The Romans wanted to increase their empire's land and resources, while the explorers of El Dorado were looking for a city of gold and untold riches. Both expeditions had a common goal of expanding their knowledge and power.

The Romans used their military to conquer and expand their empire, while the expedition to El Dorado was a peaceful exploration of the unknown. The Romans were successful in their mission, but the El Dorado expedition failed to find the city of gold.

Despite their different strategies and outcomes, the Romans and the Eldorado exploration expedition shared a common ambition and motivation to explore and expand their knowledge, power, and wealth.

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Answer:The Persian and Peloponnesian Wars were two significant conflicts in ancient history, each with their own unique causes, strategies, weapons, and significance. One major difference between the two wars is their causes. The Persian Wars, which lasted from 492 to 449 BCE, were caused by the expansion of the Persian Empire and their conflicts with the Greek city-states. On the other hand, the Peloponnesian War, which lasted from 431 to 404 BCE, was caused by the rivalry between Athens and Sparta, two of the most powerful city-states in Greece.

In terms of strategy, the Persian Wars were primarily fought through large-scale battles, with the Persians relying heavily on their superior numbers and the use of cavalry. In contrast, the Peloponnesian War was fought through a combination of land and naval battles, with the Athenians relying heavily on their powerful navy and the Spartans relying on their powerful army. The weapons used in the Persian Wars were primarily swords, spears, and bows, while the weapons used in the Peloponnesian War included hoplite armor, long spears, and triremes (war ships).

In terms of significance, the Persian Wars had a lasting impact on the Greek city-states, as it marked the first time that the Greeks were able to successfully defend against the expansion of the Persian Empire. This success helped to boost the morale of the Greeks and solidify the idea of a united Greece. The Peloponnesian War, on the other hand, had a more destructive impact on Greece, as it weakened the city-states and made them more vulnerable to future invasions. The war also marked the decline of Athens as a major power in Greece.

Overall, while the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars were both significant conflicts in ancient history, they had different causes, strategies, weapons, and significance. The Persian Wars were caused by the expansion of the Persian Empire and marked the first time that the Greeks were able to successfully defend against them, while the Peloponnesian War was caused by the rivalry between Athens and Sparta and weakened the city-states and marked the decline of Athens as a major power in Greece.

Explanation:

Rome's ability to establish its empire was largely due to the expansion of some kind of citizenship. Economic growth was fueled by military expansion, which in turn changed Roman cityscape and its culture.

Greek culture had a big impact on Roman culture, but as they grew, they also started to develop their own. Roman culture may be observed in the painting, literature, especially architectural history of the time period, where they planned amusements and pastimes for their populous.

Civil rights, trade, copyright, legal testaments, and corporations are only a few of the legal principles influenced by Roman law and the Roman way of thinking. Latin, the vernacular of the Romans, was spoken by a large portion of the population of continental Europe.

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The Treaty of Versailles was opposed by the Americans because it was bad for the economy and "dragged down all of Europe," which could have a detrimental impact on the US as well.

Even though Americans were glad to see World War I concluded, the Senate of the United States refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles.

Republicans in the Senate refused to support the pact because they felt Wilson had excluded them from the discussions.

The U.S. Senate rejected Wilson's Treaty of Versailles because it was worried that American armies may be sent to settle disputes in Europe as a result of America's membership in the League of Nations.

By the end of the summer of 1918, American forces had arrived in France. American troops had landed in France by the end of the summer of 1918.

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Submarine warfare in the Atlantic, the Sinking of the British ocean liner Lusitania by Germany and the 1914 invasion of neutral Belgium by Germany.

President Woodrow Wilson proclaimed that the United States would be neutral at the start of the conflict. Such neutrality, however, was vehemently debated and put to the test in the US.

Tensions were high due to submarine warfare in the Atlantic, and the sinking of the British ocean liner Lusitania by Germany on May 7, 1915, which resulted in the deaths of more than 120 Americans, incited fury in the United States.

The U.S. entered the war in 1917 on the side of the Allies as a result of German attacks on American ships and its efforts to meddle in U.S.-Mexican ties. The United States officially declared war on Germany on April 6, 1917.

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Note that  Schenck suggests that citizens to do in order to protest the draft by arguing that it was unconstitutional.

Schenck was the general secretary of the United States Socialist Party, which was opposed to the country's military draft. The party printed and distributed 15,000 pamphlets urging drafted males to refuse military duty.

He advised them to exercise their free speech and press rights to resist the draft by distributing pamphlets and expressing their thoughts peacefully.

In the case of Schenck v. United States, Charles Schenck was found guilty of breaking the 1917 Espionage Act by producing and distributing pamphlets to draftees during World War I. The pamphlets urged people to oppose conscription, claiming that it was illegal and that the war was being waged for profit rather than to safeguard democracy.

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Answer: a robber baron is a term from America's Gilded Age attributed to any successful businessperson whose practices are considered unethical or unscrupulous.

Answer: c. all followed Arianism.

Explanation:

All the kingdoms of the Vandals, Visigoths, and Ostrogoths were Germanic tribes that migrated into the Western Roman Empire and established their own kingdoms. They had a similarity with the people of the Western Roman Empire whom they conquered in that they all followed Arianism.

Arianism is a form of Christianity that believes that Jesus Christ is not fully God, but rather a created being. This doctrine was rejected by the Catholic Church, which was dominant in the Roman Empire, and it was one of the main reasons for the division between the Catholic and Arian Christians.

It's worth noting that many of the Germanic tribes that invaded the Roman Empire were Arian Christians, and this religious affiliation played a significant role in their interactions with the Roman population. They were able to establish alliances with some of the Arian-leaning segments of the population, which helped them to gain control over many of the Western Roman provinces.

Secure The Blessings Of Liberty To Ourselves And Our Posterity: a pledge to promote a free and fair system of government that protects citizens' freedoms as well as future generations'.

The phrase confirms the Framers' vision that the Constitution's very purpose is to protect the nation's blood-earned rights to liberty, justice, and freedom from a tyrannical government.

Posterity is a noun that means "future generations." These people of the future could be your children, great-great grandchildren, or anyone born after you.

When you save something "for posterity," you hope that years later, people will appreciate it, similar to burying a time capsule in your yard.

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Which commodity was the Southern economy dependent upon in the early 1800s?

COTTON

Answer: Cotton

Explanation:

In the 1800s cotton passed rice, corn, tobacco, and sugar in economic importance. This money was revenue for the government and military. It was also easy to store and transport. Cotton also supported America's ability to borrow money and fostered an enormous domestic trade in agricultural products from the West and manufactured goods from the East.

I think Queen Lili‘uokalani and the monarchy could have plead to the American, to intervene on behalf of the kingdom rather than planning a coup to avoid the overthrow of Hawaii.

Following the sugar crash, Queen Lili'uokalani proposed a new constitution to replace the 1887 one in 1893. If adopted, the new constitution would revoke many of the foreigners' powers and restore the monarchy to the queen. The proposal was supported by the majority of the indigenous population, but it was naturally opposed by Americans and other foreigners.

They began plotting a coup in the hopes of eliciting American intervention. Despite the fact that the Americans were sworn to neutrality and never fired a shot, they intimidated the royalist defenders, and Queen Lili'uokalani, fearing bloodshed, agreed to the surrender.

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Nubia region of historic African region had pyramids, hieroglyphs, and tombs

Nubia is a region along the Nile swash encompassing the area between the first cataract of the Nile( just south of Aswan in southern Egypt) and the convergence of the Blue and White Niles( in Khartoum in central Sudan), or further rigorously, Al Dabbah.( 3)( 4)( 5) It was the seat of one of the foremost societies of ancient Africa, the Kerma culture, which lasted from around 2500 BC until its subjection by the New Kingdom of Egypt under Pharaoh Thutmose I around 1500 BC, whose heirs at law ruled utmost of Nubia for the coming 400 times. Nubia was home to several conglomerates, utmost prominently the Kingdom of Kush, which conquered Egypt in the eighth century BC during the reign of Piye and ruled the country as its 25th Dynasty

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The correct order of Johnson's speech is C, D, and B. In a speech to a joint session of Congress on March 15, just over a week after Bloody Sunday, President Lyndon B. Johnson unveiled voting rights legislation.  Thus, option C, D and B are correct.

He compared the conflict in Selma to the Battles of Lexington and Concord during the American Revolution in what would become a legendary speech, describing it as a turning point in American history.

Johnson said: "Their cause must be our cause too," quoting the protest song that had evolved into the unofficial hymn of the American civil rights struggle. For the burdensome history of prejudice and injustice must be overcome by all of us, not just Black people. And we'll triumph. The law is unambiguous that the right to petition a government for redress of grievances.

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Answer:

The order:

1. I am about to sign into law the Civil Rights Act of 1964

2. Today in far corners of distant continents the ideals of those American patriots still shape the struggles of men who hunger for freedom.

3. Now, our generation of Americans has been called on to continue the unending search for justice within our own borders.

4. The purpose of this law is simple; it does not restrict the freedom of any American, so long as he respects the rights of others.

Explanation:

The greatest problem facing Jefferson Davis and the confederacy was the need to develop a true feeling of nationalism as it became a source of weakness for the Confederacy.

Jefferson Davis was an American politician who served as the President of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. He was a member of the Democratic Party and a strong supporter of the Confederacy. He was a proponent of states' rights and slavery, and worked to build a strong economy for the Confederacy.

He was also a military leader, and served as a Colonel in the Mexican-American War. During the Civil War, Davis was the leader of the Confederacy and was responsible for organizing and leading the Confederate forces. He was ultimately captured by Union forces in 1865 and was imprisoned for two years.

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Tariffs, quotas, and subsidies are common examples of protectionism as well as instruments used to carry it out.

Protectionism is an economic strategy that limits imports from other nations by imposing import quotas, levies on imported goods, and various other restrictions.

The opposite of protectionism is free trade, which promotes entirely unlimited international trade. Free trade permits the unrestricted movement of goods across national borders without the use of protectionist measures like tariffs or quotas.

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Answer: Federalism

Explanation: This principle is important to our government because federalism is a limitation for governments to prevent them from forming two sovereign powers. These two sovereign powers are known as the national government and state governments. Federalism limits this because they don't want the government to be influenced by both sides. I hope this helped.

It made all male citizens between the ages of 20 and 45 subject to military service, if called, for the duration of the war. Conscription was the main issue in the federal election that followed in December, a bitter contest between Conservative / Unionist Sir Robert Borden and Liberal Sir Wilfrid Laurier.

The recent pro-democracy protests in Hong Kong are rooted in the history of the region and the agreement made between the British and Chinese governments in the late 19th century, which established the principle of "one country, two systems.

The pro-democracy protests in Hong Kong are rooted in the history of the region, specifically the agreement made between the British and Chinese governments in the late 19th century, which established the principle of "one country, two systems." This principle allowed Hong Kong to maintain a high degree of autonomy and maintain its own legal and economic system, while still being part of China.

Understanding this historical context helps to understand the current situation, as the protesters in Hong Kong are demanding greater autonomy, and protections for civil liberties and human rights, which they believe are under threat from the Chinese government.

Additionally, the Chinese government's response to the protests can also be understood in light of this historical context, as they see the protests as a challenge to the sovereignty of China. Without understanding the historical context, it would be difficult to fully understand the motivations and goals of the protesters and the Chinese government's response, as well as the political, social and economic factors driving the current situation.

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Answer:

In a nutshell, when we are discussing judicial activism vs judicial restraint, judicial restraint is where judges should be using their authority and power to ensure fairness and justice in times when the relevant federal and constitutional bodies are negligent in their duties. Therefore, the judicial activism approach allows the judges to formulate policies playing an active role in protecting the legal rights of individuals, social rights, publicity rights, and more while ensuring political fairness.

Judicial restraint and judicial activism are very different, but they collectively help maintain a fine level of power among the judiciary, executive, and legislative. In judicial activism, the judges and the court are needed to review and revisit existing laws and their modifications if needed.

The Supreme court or an Appellate court can therefore exercise their power to reverse a faulty decision of a case. The active judicial system maintains a check and balance on all three branches (judiciary, executive, and legislative) instead of making the legislative exceptionally powerful.

This text can be used to support the claim that Hammurabi's code was indeed a just system since it permitted the employment of harsh punishments to uphold law and order, which reduced crime and made society more peaceful.

One of the most well-known instances of the ancient rule of "lex talionis," or the law for retribution, a type of punitive justice frequently associated with the adage "an eye for an eye," is found in Hammurabi's Code. In this system, a man would break his own bone if he fractured his bone of one of his equals.

282 laws have been collected over the years, and currently they are all kept inside the Louvre in Paris.

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The Banning of the Selling of Indulgences was a result of  Pope Leo X's Decree. Option C

Generally, The practice of selling indulgences was a particularly well-known form of exploitative behavior on the part of Catholics during the Middle Ages. An indulgence was a monetary payment of penalty that, according to Catholic belief, purportedly absolved one of past sins and/or released one from purgatory after death.

In reaction to this, and despite the fact that the foundations were not scrapped, the Papacy prohibited the selling of indulgences in the year 1567. (but they still existed within the system). Indulgences were the spark that set off centuries' worth of pent-up rage and bewilderment against the church, which in turn made it possible for the church to be torn asunder.

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Revolutionary demands based on Enlightenment political ideas.

The North and South American independence movements of the late 18th and early 19th centuries shared many similarities, one of which was their reliance on Enlightenment political ideas to define their revolutionary demands.

The Enlightenment was a movement that emphasized reason, individual liberty, and human rights. The leaders of the independence movements in both North and South America were heavily influenced by Enlightenment thinkers, and they used these ideas to justify their demands for freedom and self-government.

They drew on Enlightenment ideals of democracy, popular sovereignty, and representation to argue for their right to govern themselves free from European colonial rule.

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The founder of Western history, Frederick Jackson Turner, credited the frontier experience with giving the United States its distinct character in the late nineteenth century.

Turner claims that the westward journey helped to establish American institutions, Americanize the pioneer, and advance democracy. Due to the powerful appeal to Americans' imagination that Turner's "frontier thesis" created, it took a very long time before historians began challenging it.

The culmination of criticism was the advent of "New Western History" in the late 1980s. Rejecting the idea of a frontier completely, New Historians proposed a rewriting of Western history that put the West in the spotlight as a territory with boundaries and distinctive qualities that set it apart from other American areas.

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In 1674, the Treaty of Westminster gave New Amsterdam to the England. The Option A and 2 are correct.

The Treaty of Westminster, signed in 1674, was a peace treaty between England and the Netherlands that ended the Third Anglo-Dutch War. It provided for a cessation of hostilities and the restoration of the territories that each side had captured during the war.

Additionally, the treaty established a number of trade agreements and other economic provisions, such as the freedom of the seas for both nations, and the recognition of the Dutch Republic as a sovereign state by England.

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The spread of Enlightenment ideals were not the causes of the salem witchcraft trials. The correct answer is C

The Salem witch trials, which took place more than 300 years ago, are a testament to how terror can wreck innocent people's lives and the need of due process in defending people against unfounded allegations.

The "Salem witches" were denied the rights to which they should have been entitled under English common law, and some of those who maintained in 1787 that a Bill of Rights was required for the passage of the Constitution surely knew about this.

After the Bill of Rights was established, the First Amendment's meanings were regularly interpreted to mean that slander and defamation were not protected by the Constitution.

The causes of the salem witchcraft trials are widespread hysteria, widespread belief in witchcraft, tensions produced by uneven economic growth.

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Domestic policy is a subset of policy making that governs administrative decisions that have an immediate impact on all issues and activity that occur within the boundaries of such a state.

It differs from foreign policy, which is how a country advances its goals in international affairs. Describe a policy. A policy is a deliberate set of guidelines intended to control behavior and yield reasonable outcomes. A policy is a statement of intent that is implemented using a procedure or technique. Typically, a company's governing board adopts policies. Domestic policies should typically be internal and affect or apply to people or entities within a particular country. Foreign policy is external and deals with relationships between two or more nations. It put a lot of emphasis on establishing relationships.

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Answer:

The Aristotle model

Explanation:

The Aristotle model of communication is a linear model with a focus on public speaking. The Aristotle model of communication was developed by Greek philosopher and orator Aristotle, who proposed the linear model to demonstrate the importance of the speaker and their audience during communication.

In 1919, the racial climate in the United States worsened in both the north and south - Option A.

Between late 1918 and late 1919, the United States had ten significant racial riots, dozens of minor racial altercations, and nearly 100 lynchings as white people attempted to enforce the continued enslavement of Black people. This depiction of Red Summer is taken from David Krugler's 1919: The Year of Racial Violence's introduction. Krugler describes the specifics of many of these instances of racial violence, pointing out certain obvious patterns. Despite the fact that they were frequently labeled "race riots," as though blame for the violence was shared by both Blacks and whites, white mobs were almost always the ones who started it. The claim of Black agency and full citizenship served as the catalyst for violence in almost every instance.

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