Answer:
Tunnel Boring Machine
Emergency Access Shafts
The use of Contactless Smart Cards for passenger payments
Explanation:
Simple goiter is most prevalent where the soil lacksA. iodine
B. exocrine
C. goiter
D. pancreas
Simple goiter is most prevalent where the soil lacks iodine. A simple goitre is a thyroid gland hypertrophy. It is not generally a tumour or cancer.
A simple goiter is an enlarged thyroid gland. It is usually not a tumor or cancer. Simple (diffuse) goiter: This type of goiter occurs when the entire thyroid gland becomes swollen and smooth.
Nodular goiter: This type of goiter occurs when solid or fluid-filled masses called nodules develop in the thyroid gland and form lumps. Only if a goitre is producing symptoms should it be treated. Treatment of an enlarged thyroid may include:
Thyroid hormone replacement, if hypothyroidism is the cause of the goiter. If the goiter is due to iodine deficiency, a small amount of Lugol's iodine or potassium iodine solution.
The most prevalent cause of goitre is a lack of iodine. Iodine is required by the body to produce thyroid hormones. When you don't get enough iodine in your diet, your thyroid gland expands and tries to take in as much iodine as possible so it can produce the right amount of thyroid hormone.
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the ____________ is a long tube in the gi tract that connects the throat with the stomach.
Esophagus. Your oesophagus, a muscular, hollow tube that travels from your throat to your stomach, carries food and liquids. Food is brought down to your stomach by the muscles in your oesophagus.
Your oesophagus main job is to transport food and drink from your mouth to your stomach. Food and fluids initially go from your mouth to your throat when you swallow (pharynx). To stop food and drink from entering the "wrong pipe," your windpipe, a little muscle flap called the epiglottis closes (trachea). The uvula, another little flap, serves as a barrier to keep liquid from entering your nasal cavity from the top. The upper esophageal sphincter is a ring-shaped muscle located at the opening of your upper oesophagus.
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which of the mrna modifications is common in human cells?
The term "5' capping" refers to one of the most frequent mRNA modifications in human cells.
The 7-methylguanosine (m7G) cap is an addition made to the 5' end of the mRNA molecule during this modification. A short time after mRNA is synthesised, the m7G cap is attached to it. It prevents mRNA from being degraded and attracts ribosomes for translation.
The m7G cap can also play a role in the control of mRNA stability, translation, and processing in addition to regulating the mRNA's access to the cytoplasm.
In addition to 5' capping, polyadenylation, splicing, and editing are frequently occurring mRNA changes in human cells. A poly(A) tail is added to the 3' end of the mRNA during polyadenylation, which aids in stabilising the mRNA and improving its translation efficiency.
Splicing is the process by which exons are linked together and introns are cut from the pre-mRNA transcript, resulting in a mature mRNA.
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What does the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure suggest?
A fluid mosaic model of membrane structure suggests that the membrane consists of protein molecules embedded in a liquid bilayer of phospholipids.
What does fluid mosaic model of membrane structure mean?Fluid Mosaic model has been proposed by S.J. Singer and Garth L. Nicolson. The fluid mosaic model describes the cell membrane as a carpet of multiple types of molecules (phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins) in constant motion. This movement helps the cell membrane maintain its role as a barrier between the inside and outside of the cellular environment.
What are conclusions of the fluid mosaic model?Fluid mosaic models have been demonstrated for gross tissue, protein structure, and lipids in bio-membrane. This model is consistent with the necessary constraints of thermodynamics. Proteins, which are an integral part of membranes, are a heterogeneous set of globular molecules in this model.
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Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis all involvea. the export of macromolecules.b. invagination of the plasma membrane.c. the intake of large particles.d. the intake of specific fluids by the cell.e. the presence of receptor proteins.
Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis all involves
option b. invagination of the plasma membrane.
Endocytosis is the process by which particles that are too large to pass passively through the cell membrane are taken inside. Pinocytosis is the ingestion of liquid particles, whereas phagocytosis is the ingestion of large food particles. Large particles are transported across the cell membrane via receptor-mediated endocytosis, which employs specialised receptor proteins.
Phagocytosis is the process by which a cell extends its membrane and internalises a large particle, such as a bacterium. Similar processes, such as pinocytosis, involve the cell engulfing extracellular fluid droplets and absorbing any dissolved chemicals within them. Because the chemicals transported into the cell are specific ligands that could bind to the endocytosed receptors, receptor-mediated endocytosis is more selective.
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What is the organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process photosynthesis?
Chloroplasts function to transform solar light energy into sugars that may be used by cells. It converts solar energy into chemical energy similarly to a solar panel.
How does photosynthesis work?The process through which plants convert carbon dioxide, water, and sunshine into oxygen and sugar-based energy is known as photosynthesis.
Who made photosynthesis possible?Jan Ingenhousz was a Dutch-born British paediatrician and scientist who passed away in Bowood, Wiltshire, England on September 7, 1799. He is best known for discovering the photosynthesis process which allows green plants to absorb carbon dioxide from the air and release oxygen when exposed to sunlight.
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Name the epidermal layer that is found in thick skin, but is absent from thin skin.
Answer:
Explanation:
Thick skin is thicker due to it containing an extra layer in the epidermis, called the stratum lucidum. Thick skin actually has a thinner dermis layer than thin skin, but is still thicker due to the stratum lucidum layer present in the epidermis.
which category of bone is among the most numerous in the skeleton?
The skeletal system's long bones are the most numerous. The most frequent form of cartilage in your body is hyaline cartilage.
It covers the ends of your bones and lines your joints. Articular cartilage refers to the hyaline cartilage at the ends of your bones. The axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton are the two components of the bony skeleton.
The skull, vertebrae, ribs, and sternum comprise the axial skeleton, which is the central core unit. The bones of the extremities make up the appendicular skeleton.
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QuestionTrait that masks the other trait is called _______ trait.ADominantBRecessiveCMutantDMaskMedium
Trait that masks the other trait is called dominant trait. Even though there is only one copy of the dominant characteristic, it is always expressed when the connected allele is dominant. option a)
Dominance is the phenomena in genetics of one variant (allele) of a gene on a chromosome masking or overriding the action of another variant of the same gene on the other copy of the chromosome. The first variant is known as dominant, whereas the second is known as recessive. This condition of having two different variants of the same gene on each chromosome is produced by a new (de novo) or inherited mutation in one of the genes.
Gene variants on non-sex chromosomes (autosomes) and their associated traits are referred to as autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive, whereas those on sex chromosomes are referred to as X-linked dominant, X-linked recessive, or Y-linked; these have an inheritance and presentation pattern that depends on the sex of both the parent and the child (see Sex linkage).
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Lorraine's coworkers regularly plan potluck lunch parties, although there is an inadequate food storage area for all of the potentially hazardous foods her coworkers bring. To prove a point, Lorraine brought a thermometer to today's gathering. She found the following temperatures. Click to select the foods that are in the danger zone.A. potato casserole 132 chilled salad made with may at 55 degreesB. a fruit salad with melons at 39 FC. a rotisseries chicken at 138 FD. a warm scalloped potato casserole at 132 F
The correct answers are C and D. Both of these meals are dangerous since they are over the required temperature of 140°F or below.
The potato casserole, at 132°F, and the rotisserie chicken, at 138°F, are both over this temperature, indicating that they are contaminated with germs and should not be ingested.
Both the fruit salad with melons at 39°F and the chilled salad with mayonnaise at 55°F are safe to eat because they are below the advised temperature. Before eating, it's crucial to check the food's temperature to make sure it's safe to eat.
To prevent potential food-borne diseases, food should be thrown away if it is warmer than recommended.
Complete Question:
Lorraine's coworkers regularly plan potluck lunch parties, although there is an inadequate food storage area for all of the potentially hazardous foods they bring. To prove a point, Lorraine brought a thermometer to today's gathering. She found the following temperatures. Click to select the foods that are in the danger zone.
A. potato casserole 132 chilled salad made with may at 55 degrees
B. a fruit salad with melons at 39 F
C. a rotisseries chicken at 138 F
D. a warm scalloped potato casserole at 132 F
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Do eukaryotes break down molecules to generate energy?
Yes, eukaryotes use molecular breakdown to create energy.
Cellular respiration is the term for this procedure, which is necessary for living. In order to create energy during this process, organic compounds like carbohydrates and lipids are broken down in the presence of oxygen.
Depending on the oxygen supply, cellular respiration can happen either aerobically or anaerobically. In aerobic respiration, glucose is converted into carbon dioxide, water, and energy using oxygen. In anaerobic respiration, glucose is transformed into lactic acid and energy without the need of oxygen.
In both situations, the energy generated powers a number of cellular processes, such as the pumping of ions across membranes and the creation of macromolecules.
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hich of the following is not a characteristic that all arthropods share? question 1 options: ability to breathe underwater exoskeleton segmented body jointed legs / appendages
A closed circulatory system is a trait that does not apply to arthropods; hence choice D is the best one.
Arthropoda, the biggest phylum, with over nine lakh species and includes parasitic, aquatic, and even terrestrial species. They have jointed appendages and chitinous exoskeletons. The class Insecta, which makes up a significant portion of all animal species in the world, is one of a number of significant classes found in this phylum. It is believed that annelids and arthropods share a common ancestor. The three arthropod lineages are assumed to have split from a single common ancestor. Adaptations like breathing tracheae were developed by the earliest arthropods. Arthropods are organisms with segmented bodies, an exoskeleton covering their bodies, and joint appendages or legs. Invertebrates classified as Arthropoda mostly consist of insects, crustaceans, and myriapods.
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what does it mean to say that a life cycle is gametophyte dominant versus sporophyte dominant? select all that apply. what does it mean to say that a life cycle is gametophyte dominant versus sporophyte dominant?select all that apply. the gametophyte is longer-lived than the sporophyte. the gametophyte produces most of the nutrition. the gametophyte differs from the appearance of the sporophyte. the gametophyte exists independently of the sporophyte. the gametophyte is larger than the sporophyte.
In a life cycle where the gametophyte predominates, the gametophyte is bigger, lives longer, and provides the majority of the nutrients. The larger, more durable, and photosynthetic phase of the life cycle is the sporophyte generation, thus the correct options are A and E.
The life cycle is referred to as haplontic if the gametophyte generation outlives the sporophyte generation and is therefore dominant. There is a haplontic life cycle in bryophytes. The single representative of sporophytic generation is the one-celled zygote. Free-living sporophytes don't exist. Haploid spores are produced by meiosis in the zygote. The gametophyte is created by the mitotic division of the haploid spores. The free-living gametophyte is such plants' primary photosynthetic phase.
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The complete question is:
What does it mean to say that a life cycle is gametophyte dominant versus sporophyte dominant? select all that apply.
A. The gametophyte is longer-lived than the sporophyte.
B. The gametophyte produces most of the nutrition.
C. The gametophyte differs from the appearance of the sporophyte.
D. The gametophyte exists independently of the sporophyte.
E. The gametophyte is larger than the sporophyte.
what is the name of the differentiation technique that causes bacteria to turn either pink or purple?
The name of the differentiation technique that causes bacteria to turn either pink or purple is Gram staining.
This gram staining technique is named after the Hans Christian Gram, who developed the staining method in 1884. The Gram stain is a widely used laboratory technique that is used to differentiate bacterial species based on the characteristics of their cell walls. Gram-positive bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan in their cell walls, which causes them to retain the purple crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining process. Gram-negative bacteria have a thinner layer of peptidoglycan in their cell walls, which makes them more resistant to the stain and causes them to appear pink or red after being counterstained with safranin. The Gram stain is important in microbiology and is routinely used to identify and classify bacterial species.
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what is planet the smallest of the inner planets and looks very much like earth’s moon?
Closest planet to the Sun in our solar system is Mercury. The Sun would be visible from the surface of Mercury as being up to seven times brighter and more than three times as huge as it is from Earth.
Mercury is close to the Sun, but Venus, which is also close by, has the record for having the hottest planet in our solar system.
From some areas of Mercury's surface, the Sun appears to momentarily rise, set, and rise again due to the planet's eccentric orbit (which resembles an egg) and sluggish rotation. After sunset, the identical scenario plays out in reverse.
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In general, who has the possibility of
sharing the most genetic traits? Parent/Child or Sibling/Sibling
In general, Parent/Child has the possibility of sharing the most genetic traits.
What are traits?As it relates to genetics, a trait is a unique quality about a person. Genes, environmental influences, or a combination of both can influence traits.
A parent and child share 50% of their genetic makeup on average. Contrarily, identical twins and fraternal siblings typically share 50% of their genetic material, however this percentage can vary.
A trait is a characteristic of the phenotype of the organism. To differentiate one trait from another under the more general word, phenotype, the trait is also known as the phenotypic trait in genetics.
Thus, Parent/child will share most genetic traits.
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After a sensory receptor is stimulated and sensory impulses travel to the brain, the brain becomes aware of the stimulus. This is called __________.
When other areas of the brain interpret the incoming sensory impulses, the process of __________ has occurred.
After a sensory receptor is stimulated and sensory impulses travel to the brain, the brain becomes aware of the stimulus. This is called sensation. When other areas of the brain interpret the incoming sensory impulses, the process of perception has occurred.
Sensation refers to the process by which sensory information is detected by sensory receptor and transmitted to the brain for processing. This involves the conversion of physical stimuli, such as light or sound waves, into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the brain. Perception, on the other hand, refers to the process by which the brain interprets and organizes sensory receptor in order to make sense of the world around us. This involves the integration and interpretation of sensory information by various areas of the brain, including the primary sensory cortex and higher-order brain regions. Together, sensation and perception are the processes by which we detect, interpret, and make sense of the world around us.
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the collection of microorganisms that live on or on a human host in a mutually beneficial way is called the human ______.
microbiome is the collection of microorganisms that live on or on a human host in a mutually beneficial way .
microbiome is defined as the collection of all microbes which includes bacteria, fungi, viruses, and their genes which naturally live on our bodies and inside us.
They have the role of protecting our bodies against the outside pathogens and also help in making the immunity for our body.
microbes often interact the environment, some are harmful or some are useful and act as buffer.
each part of body have different microbes, the whole body has varieties of microbes.
environmental conditions can also affect the microbiomes present in human body.
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what is the kingdom that contains single-celled organisms that live in extreme environments?
The Archaea kingdom is home to single-celled creatures that can endure harsh conditions.
A significant class of unicellular microbes known as archaea has developed particular adaptations to endure in harsh environments including high temperatures, high salt, and severe pH levels.
Salt lakes, hot springs, and hydrothermal vents are a few of the settings where these species may be found. They may also be found in the soil, the animal intestines, and even the deepest regions of the ocean.
The genetic material of archaea is separate from that of other creatures, and they also have distinctive membrane architectures.
These traits enable them to endure in harsh conditions and to be resistant to a variety of antibiotics. Archaea are crucial to the ecology because they participate in the global carbon cycle, assist to recycle nutrients, and provide energy.
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The organisms formed by asexual reproduction are considered as clones. Why? State the advantage of sexual
reproduction over asexual reproduction
Answer:
The advantages of sexual reproduction:
The advantages of sexual reproduction:produces genetic variation in the offspring.
The advantages of sexual reproduction:produces genetic variation in the offspring.the species can adapt to new environments due to variation, which gives them a survival advantage.
The advantages of sexual reproduction:produces genetic variation in the offspring.the species can adapt to new environments due to variation, which gives them a survival advantage.a disease is less likely to affect all the individuals in a population.
it is unknown whether a parent organism is homozygous dominant or heterozygous so it is mated in a test cross. what can be concluded if half of the offspring have the same phenotype as the parent?
If half of the offsprings have the same phenotype as that of the parents, then it can be concluded that the genotype of parents is heterozygous containing one dominant and other recessive allele.
Test cross is a type of cross in which one of the heterozygous offspring is crossed with their homozygous recessive parent. It is performed when only the phenotype of the offsrping is known, but not their genotype. Dominant phenotype can be expressed when both the dominant allele, or even when a single dominant allele is present. Crossing this individual with the homozygous recessive parents can determine whether the offspring is homozygous or heterozygous.
According to the question, the genotype of the parent is not known, but the phenotype is dominant. This means that when a heterozygous offspring is crossed with this parent, the new offsprings would be produced in a phenotypic ratio of 3:1 if the parent is homozygous dominant, or otherwise the parent is heterozygous dominant.
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5. The diagram below represents an incomplete section of a DNA molecule. The boxes represent unidentified bases.
When the boxes are filled in, the total number of bases represented by the letter A (both inside and outside the boxes) will be
a. 4
b. 2
c. 1
d. 3
Answer:
Explanation:
There will be a total number of 3 bases that are represented by letter A. Adenine pairs with thymine and there are two thymine bases, which are paired to two adenine bases. There is an additional adenine base on the outside and accounts for the three adenine bases inside and outside.
which structures does the neurovascular bundle usually pass under or behind on its way through the thoracic outlet?
Pectoralis minor tendon structures does the neurovascular bundle usually pass under or behind on its way through the thoracic outlet.
The scalene fat pad is a thick layer of fatty tissue beneath the skin in the lower neck that helps to protect the deeper muscular and neurovascular tissues of the thoracic outlet.
When pushing with the fingers on the lower neck, the presence of the scalene fat pad makes it difficult to feel the structures of the thoracic outlet. Region of the omohyoid muscle, a minor muscle that runs across the lower part of the neck, goes through the scalene fat pad.
The anterior scalene muscle is located just behind the scalene fat pad. This muscle develops from the vertebrae of the cervical spine and goes vertically to connect to the top of the anterior first rib.
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which of the following best explains how some cells of an individual produce and secrete a specific enzyme, but other cells of the same individual do not? responses the cells contain different genes and therefore do not make the same proteins. the cells contain different genes and therefore do not make the same proteins. the cells have evolved under different selective pressures, resulting in some cells making proteins that others cannot. the cells have evolved under different selective pressures, resulting in some cells making proteins that others cannot. the cells transcribe and translate different combinations of genes, leading to the production of different sets of proteins. the cells transcribe and translate different combinations of genes, leading to the production of different sets of proteins. the cells produce different types of ribosomes that enable the translation of different genes.
Different gene combinations are translated and transcribed by the cells, resulting in the synthesis of various protein sets.
Proteins are created by genes, and proteins control how cells function. Therefore, a cell's capabilities are determined by the hundreds of genes that are expressed in that cell. Additionally, the cell can potentially regulate each stage of the informational chain from DNA to RNA to protein by altering the quantity and kind of proteins it produces. This allows the cell to self-regulate its operations. A protein's concentration in a cell at any one time reflects the equilibrium between its metabolic pathways for synthesis and degradation. Recall that protein creation begins with transcription (DNA to RNA) and continues with translation on the synthetic side of this balance (RNA to protein).
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The major type of cell found in fibrous connective tissue is the:_________
The major type of cell found in fibrous connective tissue is the fibroblast.
Elongated, spindle-shaped cells called fibroblasts are essential for the development and upkeep of fibrous connective tissue. They are in charge of creating and arranging the extracellular matrix, which is made up of proteins like glycoproteins and fibers like collagen and elastin.
Additionally, fibroblasts play a role in tissue regeneration and wound healing. They proliferate and move to the site of harm when there is damage, where they produce proteins and other compounds that aid in healing and tissue regeneration. They also contribute to the regulation of the extracellular matrix by dissolving and eliminating worn-out or broken fibers and generating fresh ones.
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Page(s) 175–1775.3. How Do We Hear?Place in order the steps involved for sound waves to create a perception of the sound in thebrain.Sound waves enter the auditory canal.The eardrum vibrates.The hammer, anvil, and stirrup transfer vibration to the oval window.Pressure waves of the cochlea move the basilar membrane.Stimulated hair cells send information to the auditory nerve.The auditory nerve carries information to the thalamus.The thalamus directs information to the brain’s primary auditory cortex
This sequence of events represents the process by which sound waves are converted into electrical signals that are sent to the brain for processing and interpretation.
The correct order of the steps involved in how we hear is:
Sound waves enter the auditory canal.The eardrum vibrates.The hammer, anvil, and stirrup transfer vibration to the oval window.Pressure waves of the cochlea move the basilar membrane.Stimulated hair cells send information to the auditory nerve.The auditory nerve carries information to the thalamus.The thalamus directs information to the brain's primary auditory cortex.The process begins when sound waves enter the ear and travel through the auditory canal. The eardrum vibrates in response to the sound waves, and this vibration is transmitted through a series of tiny bones in the middle ear called the hammer, anvil, and stirrup. These bones transfer the vibration to the oval window, which is a membrane that separates the middle ear from the inner ear. The pressure waves created by the movement of the oval window cause the basilar membrane in the cochlea to move. The basilar membrane is lined with tiny hair cells that are stimulated by the movement, and these hair cells send electrical signals to the auditory nerve. The auditory nerve carries these signals to the thalamus, which acts as a relay station for sensory information. Finally, the thalamus directs the information to the brain's primary auditory cortex, where the sound is perceived and interpreted.
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stabilizing selection increases genetic and phenotypic variation and decreases the frequency of intermediate phenotypes true or false
According to The sentence is False stabilising selection reduces the frequency of transitory phenotypes and enhances genetic and phenotypic diversity.
What is a phenotypic example?Phenotypes include things like height, wing extent, and hair colour. In addition to measurable traits that may be observed and tested in a lab, phenotypes also include blood cell or hormone levels.
Describe genotypic and phenotypic terms.An individual's genotype is determined by their unique DNA pattern. More specifically, the 2 alleles a person acquired for a given gene are referred to by this phrase. This genotype, or phenotype, manifests itself in a patient's clinical presentation.
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if we were able to artificially alter the membrane permeability of pacemaker cells so that sodium influx is more rapid, ___
If we were able to artificially alter the membrane permeability of pacemaker cells so that sodium influx is more rapid, it would cause an increase in the rate of depolarization of the pacemaker cells.
This, in turn, would result in an increase in the heart rate, since the pacemaker cells set the pace for the rest of the heart. The normal pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial (SA) node of the heart spontaneously depolarize and generate an action potential, which then spreads to the atrial and ventricular muscles and causes them to contract. If the sodium influx into the pacemaker cells is increased, the rate of depolarization will be faster, and the time it takes to reach the threshold potential will be shorter. This will lead to a more rapid firing of action potentials in the SA node, and thus a faster heart rate.
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What would happen if the inside solution of a cell is hypertonic to the solution outside of the cell ( outside solution is hypertonic )?
Answer:
Please read below:
Explanation:
If the inside solution of a cell is hypertonic to the solution outside of the cell, the cell will lose water due to osmosis and can become dehydrated, causing it to shrink or shrivel. If the outside solution is hypertonic, water will move out of the cell and it will shrivel. The cell may also burst if the water loss is too great.
if you were the evolutionary biologist in charge of a project to create a phylogenetic tree that better clarified the evolutionary relationships between the species listed in the accompanying figure, what would be a logical first step?
The first logical step would be to Evaluate evidence to determine the relationships of species D, E, and F if you were the evolutionary biologist in charge of a project to build a phylogenetic tree that better clarified the evolutionary relationships between the species listed in the accompanying figure.
To ascertain the relationships between species D, E, and F, we can assess the available evidence.
This is the best place to start because the third question's evaluation of DNA evidence over morphological evidence points to the basic concept of similarity between closely related species.
When assessing a phylogenetic relationship, we must proceed from most similar to least similar species and from phenotype to genotype.
The study of phylogenetic relationships examines how organisms in a species or population have developed relationships over time. These connections are found by comparing anatomical features or DNA, RNA, or protein sequences that are similar. Phylogenetics is significant because it improves our comprehension of how genes, genomes, species, and, more broadly, molecular sequences, evolve.
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The above question is incomplete. Check complete question below -
If you were the evolutionary biologist in charge of a project to create a phylogenetic tree that better clarified the evolutionary relationships between the species listed in the accompanying figure, what would be a logical first step? ( image is attached )
a) Analyze taxon G as it is the oldest existing species.
b) Compare DNA evidence for taxa B and C as they are the most closely related.
c) Investigate the genetic relationships between species A and G.
d) Evaluate evidence to determine the relationships of species D, E, and F.
e) x
