Answer:
Leptin is a protein hormone composed of 167 amino acids of the cytosine family, it is synthesized mainly by white adipose tissue. The leptin receptor is related to that of receptors for cytosines (since it uses Janus or JAK type kinases and STAT-3 proteins as intracellular mediators of transcription pathway), it is predominantly found in the hypothalamus (particularly in the arcuate nucleus and to a lesser extent in the nuclei dorsomedial and ventromedial), hippocampus and cerebellum. There is evidence that leptin acts at the level of the arcuate nucleus, preventing the formation of NPY.
Explanation:
Leptin is produced exclusively in adipose tissue cells in a wide variety of species, including humans, and its concentration is higher in overweight than in lean individuals. The biological actions of leptin can be classified into two groups, those that are exerted in the tissues of the central nervous system, mainly the hypothalamus, and those that are carried out on the peripheral tissues. The former regulate body weight downward, decrease food intake, increase basal energy expenditure and modify some neuroendocrine functions such as reproduction, while the latter have effects on proliferation, differentiation and metabolism of peripheral tissues. The leptin that reaches the hypothalamus, in addition, inhibits protein synthesis and the secretion of neurons producing NPY / AgRP of the arcuate nucleus and stimulates the synthesis and secretion of those containing POMC. NPY (neuropeptide Y) is produced in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. This neurotransmitter arrives through the projections of the neurons of said nucleus to the paraventricular nucleus, which is the area where it is released. There are several studies that have shown that an increase in NPY leads to an increase in the sensation of hunger and thus to hyperphagia and obesity. Leptin acts at the level of the arcuate nucleus, preventing the formation of NPY. The leptin receptor lacks enzymatic activity in its intracellular domain. Instead, it is linked to members of the janus kinase family, which belong to a class of tyrosine kinases. The binding of the ligand activates the Jak kinase and leads to the phosphorylation of certain cytoplasmic proteins. Within these proteins there is a class of cytoplasmic transcription factors called signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT).
A protein hormone synthesized majorly by white adipose tissue is leptin. It is secreted from the fat cells or adipose tissue of the body and concerns fat and obesity.
The obese individual has a high amount of leptin compared to a lean person.
The leptin works on tissues of the CNS mainly the hypothalamus and PNS. Leptin binds to members of the Janus kinase family of the tyrosine kinases class.
The ligand-binding triggers the Jak kinase and results in the phosphorylation of specific cytoplasmic proteins that includes the class of cytoplasmic transcription factors named signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT).
CNS controls body weight, reduce food intake, improve basal energy expenditure and modify some neuroendocrine processes like reproduction.
PNS affects the expansion, metabolism and differentiation of peripheral tissues.
The leptin that moves towards the hypothalamus impedes protein synthesis and the secretion of neurons producing NPY / AgRP.
NPY (neuropeptide Y) is formed in the hypothalamus and arrives through the outgrowths of the neurons of the arcuate nucleus. It moves towards the para-ventricular nucleus from where it is released.
To learn more about leptin follow the link:
https://brainly.com/question/9291309
A neutral atom that lost one or more electrons
This is called an ion, more specifically, a cation — an ion with a positive charge.
Which macromolecule does the image represent?
ASAPPPP I NEED HELP
Explanation:
its would be DNA for answering your question
Answer:
carbohydrate is the answer that your looking for
Based on their name you can guess that
the Aplacophora have
a many part (greater than 2) shell
a two part shell
NO shell
a one part shell
Answer: NO shell
Explanation:
Aplacophora have no shell, at least not in their current form. They are molluscs that are found in all four oceans. Aplacophora have different species (around 320) which are subdivided into two groups which are Solenogastres and Caudofoveata.
Alpacophora are generally small in length even though some can grow to 12in and can be confused for worms at first because they are worm-like.
Please choose the answer. This is a multiple choice.
Which of the following best describes the theory of natural selection?
The genetic makeup of a population gradually changes from one generation to the next due to spontaneous mutation.
Living organisms change over time due to the flow of energy, which is a key factor in determining what kinds of organisms can live in a particular community.
There is variation among the members of a species. Some of this variation is genetically determined and so can be passed on to future generations on chromosomes inherited from the parents.
Some individuals have genes that increase their chances for survival and reproduction. These individuals are more likely to reproduce and pass on their genes, causing their genes to become more common in the next generation.
There is a struggle for existence among the members of a population. Cooperation allows several species to exist in one area, while competition tends to eliminate species.
Answer:
Some individuals have genes that increase their chances for survival and reproduction. These individuals are more likely to reproduce and pass on their genes, causing their genes to become more common in the next generation.
Explanation:
The basic idea of natural selection is that environmental conditions determine how well the characteristics of organisms contribute to the survival and reproduction of the organism; organisms that do not have these traits may die before reproduction or be less fertile. As long as environmental conditions remain the same or close enough for these traits to remain adaptive, these traits will become more common in populations. The loss of an ecological niche of a species or overcrowding as a result of an increase in abundance can significantly alter the adaptive characteristics required for survival. In this case, and also in any environment where survival is determined more by ecology than secondary sex characteristics, ecological choice takes place.
What features of larkeys affect their survival?
What traits helped larkeys survive when they moved to the prairie environment?
What traits helped larkeys survive when they moved to the forest environments?
What factors in the environment affected the survival of larkeys?
Answer:
el sapo
Explanation:
Spotted larkeys were difficult for bobcats to see in the forest because they mixed in with the dappled light coming through the trees. Larkeys with short legs might hide from the bobcats by ducking behind shrubs. Bobcats could easily notice striped larkey in the dense jungle.
What are the features of larkeys to affect their survival?Striped larkeys were tougher for the coyotes to locate in the prairie because they mixed in with the prairie grass.
The ability to sprint quicker gave long-legged larkeys a better chance of eluding the coyotes. However, because of the surrounding grass, spotted larkeys were simple for the coyotes to spot.
Therefore, The prairie larkey's short legs and spots and the forest larkey's long legs and stripes both failed to help them withstand the pressure.
Learn more about survival here:
https://brainly.com/question/26098341
#SPJ5
ANSWER GETS BRAINLIEST order the following from the simplest structure on top to the most complex on bottom.
beta cells
epithelial tissue
nucleus
pancreas
human
Endocrine system
Which are the Nucleic acids include
Answer: lipids
Explanation:
Fatty acids and triglycerides have a hydrophilic region, but are primarily long hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains
Explain how information is stored in nucleic acids
Answer:
Genetic information is stored in the sequence of bases along a nucleic acid chain. The bases have an additional special property: they form specific pairs with one another that are stabilized by hydrogen bonds. The base pairing results in the formation of a double helix, a helical structure consisting of two strands.
hope this helps!!:)
Explanation:
13. With the massive amount of plant life, ample rainfall and favorable temperatures, you might think
that tropical rainforests would be large net producers of oxygen, and yet surprisingly, they are not! With
your knowledge of photosynthesis and cellular respiration, can you explain why this might be true?
Think about what happens when a leaf drops or fruit from a tree is eaten.
Answer:
Tropical rainforests such as the Amazon have been said to produce so much of Earth's oxygen when in fact this is not necessarily true.
Plants do indeed use Carbon dioxide during photosynthesis and the end product is Oxygen. The amount of oxygen produced however is more or less equivalent to the amount of Carbon dioxide taken in as atoms cannot be multiplied. With Carbon dioxide comprising only 0.04% of air, the oxygen produced is not as much as one would think.
After these trees produce Oxygen, they will also use it during respiration to produce energy which means that they would be sucking in most of the oxygen that they created. This would therefore reduce the net oxygen coming from these trees.
Another thing is that when plant life dies and is decomposed, the carbon dioxide that it stored from will be released back into the atmosphere. Leaves falling and fruits eaten will have this effect as well and since this happens a lot in tropical rainforests, their net oxygen production decreases.
Examine the image of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.
Which characteristic describes the stars indicated by the arrow in the image?
A. cool
B. hot
C. large
D. small
Answer: A. Cool
Explanation:
The diagram shows that moving from the left to the right indicates a lower temperature and the arrow is pointing to stars to the right which means that they are cool in comparison to those on the left.
Red stars like the one being pointed to are the cooler stars with temperatures of less than 6,000 Kelvin as opposed to blue stars which are very much hotter and go above 10,000 Kelvin.
Diffusion of nutrients across a cell membrane can be called a form of Multiple Choice bulk transport. exocytosis. osmosis. active transport. passive transport.
Answer:
passive transport
Explanation:
Diffusion is one of the ways molecules/substances move or is transported. It is the process whereby substances move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration until there is an even distribution. Movement via diffusion occurs down a concentration gradient i.e high to low.
Since diffusion occurs down a concentration gradient, which is difference in concentration of a substance, it requires no energy in form of ATP to occur. This kind of transport which requires no energy input is called PASSIVE TRANSPORT, in contrast to active transport which requires.
What is intelligent design theory?
Answer: The theory of intelligent design holds that certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause, not an undirected process such as natural selection. Through the study and analysis of a system’s components, a design theorist is able to determine whether various natural structures.
Explanation:
If a population has an allele A1 frequency of 0.04 and an allele A2 frequency of 0.96, what is the expected frequency of the A2A2 genotype
Answer:
A2A2 = 0.9216
Explanation:
Due to technical problems, you will find the complete answer and explanation in the attached files.
Genes A andB are both involved in the production of purple pigment in eggplants. Lack of pigment results in white eggplant.
Gene A converts a non-pigmented protein (X) to another non-pigmented protein (Y).
Gene B converts protein Y into a purple pigmented protein (protein Z).
From a cross of two pure breeding lines of white eggplants, all of the F1 have purple color.
A) What is the genotype of the F1s
B) What are the expected phenotypes and their ratios in the F2?
C) What would be the expected phenotypes and their ratios if F1 plants were test crossed?
D) The failure to convert protein Y to Z leads to over accumulation of protein Y. This in turn gives the eggplant an unpleasant flavor. What will be the frequency of F2 plants With this unpleasant flavor?
Are changes to the epigenome permanent?
Answer:
epigenetic changes are reversible and do not change your DNA sequence.
Explanation:
Having observed changes in the greenhouse without animals present, the students decide to
place a few small herbivores, such as mice and rabbits, throughout the greenhouse to see the
effect of cellular respiration. Order the sentences below from 1–4 in the most logical sequence to
describe the movement of carbon and flow of energy, starting with photosynthesis in plants.
Reorder answers
1.Plants synthesize large carbon-based molecules, including lipids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.
Reorder answers
2.Plants use the sun’s energy to combine carbon dioxide from the atmosphere with other carbon compounds.
Reorder answers
3.When the animals eat the plants they obtain energy and raw materials required for their life processes.
Reorder answers
4.Cellular respiration generates carbon dioxide as a waste product that is released into the atmosphere.
Answer:
2. Plants use the sun’s energy to combine carbon dioxide from the atmosphere with other carbon compounds.
1. Plants synthesize large carbon-based molecules, including lipids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.
3. When the animals eat the plants they obtain energy and raw materials required for their life processes.
4. Cellular respiration generates carbon dioxide as a waste product that is released into the atmosphere.
Explanation:
Naturally, Plants and animals have their own roles to play in the environment. Photosynthesis is a process carried out by plants to synthesize their own food in form of organic molecules. This process kicks off energy and matter transfer in ecosystems.
According to this question, animals like mice and rabbits were introduced into a green house to see the effect of cellular respiration. Based on this, energy and matter flow will occur in the greenhouse as follows:
- Plants use the sun’s energy to combine carbon dioxide from the atmosphere with other carbon compounds.
- Plants synthesize large carbon-based molecules, including lipids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.
- When the animals eat the plants they obtain energy and raw materials required for their life processes.
- Cellular respiration generates carbon dioxide as a waste product that is released into the atmosphere.
2. Many people believe that a mutation will always result in the formation of a deadly tumor, or the development of a major body defect.
Explain why this is incorrect.
. There are multiple types of mutations in DNA. ______________mutations occur when a single base is changed to a different base pair.______________mutations remove one or more bases from a segment of DNA, resulting in a frameshift mutation. __________mutations are also considered frameshift mutations, and occur when one or more extra bases are added to a segment of DNA.
Answer:
substitution; deletion; insertion
Explanation:
Mutations are genetic changes generally associated with deleterious effects. However, mutations may not have an effect on the phenotype of the organism and even, eventually, they are beneficial. For example, a missense substitution occurs when a nucleotide is replaced by another that changes the encoded amino acid, which may have deleterious or beneficial effects (depending on the new protein and its effects on the fitness of the individual in a particular environment), while a silent substitution does not modify the encoded amino acid and thereby it has no effect on the phenotype. On the other hand, a frameshift mutation is a mutation that involves the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide base, thereby irreversibly altering the Open Reading Frame (ORF) of the protein.
Two other parents think their baby was switched at the hospital. The mother has blood type "A," the
father has blood type "B," and the baby has hand type "AB."
Answer: the baby is theirs because they’re A and B carriers.
Explanation:
what is located outside the cell wall in a prokaryotic cell
Answer:
capsule
Explanation:
Answer:
The Prokaryotic Cell
Therefore, they do not have a nucleus, but, instead, generally have a single chromosome: a piece of circular, double-stranded DNA located in an area of the cell called the nucleoid. Most prokaryotes have a cell wall outside the plasma membrane.
Explanation:
Brainliest?
What is a disease forming germ called?
Answer:
Infectious disease
PLEASE HELP ME :(
Describe the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring of this cross. Label each option with percen
R= red fruit
r=yellow fruit
RR X Rr
What condition is necessary for a genetic change that occurs in one individual to be spread to other individuals?
A. a common gene pool
B. a common phenotype
C. a similar habitat
D. a similar niche
Answer:
a
Explanation:
A common gene pool is a need for a genetic alteration that occurs in one person to be passed on to other people. The aggregate genetic makeup of a species or group is referred to as its gene pool.
What is the scenario with the genetic change in the population ?The whole of the population's alleles, or genetic variations, that may be transmitted from parents to children through reproduction. If two people share a gene pool, a genetic alteration experienced by one person can transmit to the other person.
This is so that the person who had the genetic change's progeny won't inherit the altered gene. It is not essential for a genetic modification to be passed on to other people for them to have a common phenotype. The traits or outward appearance of a phenotype of an organism, which is based on its genotype (the organism's genetic make-up). Although an organism's genotype can affect its phenotype, there isn't always a clear connection between the two.
Consequently, a shared phenotype is not a need for a genetic mutation to be passed on to other people. Similar environment and niche requirements are not essential for a genetic mutation to propagate to other people, either.
A niche is the function that an organism plays in its environment, whereas a habitat is the actual setting in which an organism lives. Although changes in habitat or niche can have an impact on an organism's genetic composition, they are not prerequisites for a genetic mutation to propagate to other people.
Learn more about genetic change at:
https://brainly.com/question/9112818
#SPJ2
The preserved remains of ancient organisms are:
Group of answer choices
fossils
artifacts
homologous structures
DNA.
Use Sammi's model as an example to explain why cells are the building blocks for human bodies?
Answer and Explanation:
The cell is a basic functional and structural unit of life. All living organisms are made up of cells. The human body contains approximately 100 trillion cells in our blood, skin, nerves, muscles, bones, and brain. Humans have 200 diverse forms of cells that come in different sizes and shapes. Each cell performs a specific function in the human body. There are four main types of cells: nerve cells, muscle cells, epithelial cells, and connective tissue cells. Nerve cells are specific for communication. These cells send signals from the brain to glands and muscles that control functions. Nerve cells receive sensory information is from the skin, the ears, and the eyes and send this information to the brain. Epithelial cells cover the interior of hollow body organs such as digestive organs or blood vessels. Muscle cells are specific for contraction. The body cannot move without muscles. Connective tissue cells protect against foreign invaders and also provide strength to the body.
Answer:
Cells are the building blocks for human bodies since cells have diverse sections and each performs specific duties. A cell refers to the simplest, basic unit of life. The circulatory system's various components are depicted on the model using everyday objects. From the model, it can be seen that some of the parts that are represented include the heart, blood vessels, capillaries, and digestive tract. This illustrates that for blood to be pumped into the body, different organs have specific roles to play just like the cells have different functions to play in the human body.
Explanation:
Food poisoning is typically the result of which type of pathogen, which can usually be treated with antibiotics?
Virus
Parasite
Fungi
Bacteria
Answer:
Bacteria
Explanation:
There are four general types of pathogens. Bacteria, such as E. coli are living things that grown on protein-rich sources such as foods. They can be killed with high heat, or treated with antibiotics Viruses are non-living and cannot be treated with antibiotics. Fungi have their own cell membranes and organelles, which makes antibiotics harder to use. Parasites are living organisms that live and feed off of their host.
what is kerbs cycle and where it occur?
Answer:
Explanation:
The Krebs cycle is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidization of acetate—derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins —into carbon dioxide.
OR,
It is a biochemical process by which nutrients are broken down to release energy, which gets stored in the form of ATP and waste products are released.
The Krebs cycle occurs only within the mitochondrial matrix.
If you found my answer useful then please mark me brainliest.
Answer:
The Krebs cycle or Citric acid cycle is a series of enzyme catalysed reactions occurring in the mitochondrial matrix, where acetyl-CoA is oxidised to form carbon dioxide and coenzymes are reduced, which generate ATP in the electron transport chain. Krebs cycle was named after Hans Krebs, who postulated the detailed cycle.
Explanation:
a glass marble has a volume of 5 cm3 and a mass of 13 g. what is the density of the marble
Answer:
density = Mass/volume
therefore, d= 13/5 = 2.6g/cm3
Explanation:
please change subject of your question next time, this is maths or phy not biology :-)
The density of glass marble that has a volume of 5 cm3 and a mass of 13 g is found to be 2.6 g/cm3.
What is Density?Density may be defined as a type of physical quantity that measures the degree of compactness of a substance. It may also be characterized as the substance's mass per unit of volume. The symbol most often used for density is ρ (row).
According to the context of this question,
The mass of a glass marble = 13 g.
The volume of a glass marble = 5 cm3.
The formula for calculating density is as follows:
Density = Mass/volume.Density = 13 g/5 cm3 = 2.6 g/cm3.
Therefore, the density of glass marble that has a volume of 5 cm3 and a mass of 13 g is found to be 2.6 g/cm3.
To learn more about Density, refer to the link:
https://brainly.com/question/1354972
#SPJ2
Question 1 (1 point)
One result of meiosis is the formation of gametes
A. True
B. False
Answer:
T
Explanation:
It is true that the result of meiosis is the formation of gametes. Therefore, option A is correct.
What is meiosis?a unique method of cell division in which the amount of DNA received by each daughter cell is halved compared to the parent cell. In mammals, meiosis takes place during the development of egg and sperm cells.
Since meiosis involves two rounds of cell division, a beginning cell can generate four gametes (eggs or sperm). Cells move through prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase with each round of division.
Chromosome reduction, or meiosis, is the process that enables the generation of haploid germ cells required for sexual reproduction. Meiosis also plays a crucial function in promoting genetic variety and making it easier for recombination to correct genetic flaws. Hence, option A is correct.
Learn more about meiosis, here:
https://brainly.com/question/10621150
#SPJ6
14. The neuromuscular junction is
A system with a greater input than output would experience:
a. a decrease in storage
b. no change in storage
c. an increase in storage
d. zero storage
e. compound interest
PLEASE HELP
Answer:
The answer is either a or b. Im pretty sure its A! Hope you do great!
Explanation:
Yea its A!
