The new volume of oxygen If 30.0 L of oxygen are cooled from 473ºK to 274°K at constant pressure, is 17.38 L.
to calculate the new volume of oxygen we can use the charles law.
Where in Charles law of gases states that at constant pressure, volume of the gas is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas, i.e.
V∝T
According to the question,we can calculate the new volume of oxygen as below :
V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂, where
V₁ = initial volume of gas = 30 L
T₁ = initial temperature of gas = 473ºK
V₂ = new volume of gas = ?
T₂ = new temperature of gas = 274ºK
On putting all these values on the above equation, we get
V₂ = (30)(274ºK) / 473ºK = 17.38 L.
Hence, the new volume of oxygen If 30.0 L of oxygen are cooled from 473ºK to 274°K at constant pressure, is 17.38 L.
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Which scatterplot shows the correct division for using the Divide-Center of Data method to draw the trend line?
The appropriate scatter plot that depicts the correct division for using Divide center to draw trend line is the plot D.
What are Scatter plots?Scatter plots are used to show how much one variable affects another by plotting data points on a horizontal and vertical axis. Each row in the data table is represented by a marker, the position of which is determined by the values of the columns set on the X and Y axes. Scatter plots are graphs that show the relationship of two variables in a data set. It is a two-dimensional plane or a Cartesian system that represents data points.
In order to draw a trend line correctly, divide the points using the divide center method. The dividing vertical line must be drawn at the midpoint (a position where the number of data points to the left and right of the vertical line is equal).
Only option D has a vertical line dividing the 6 data points into two equal portions when the options are evaluated based on this condition.
The diagram is attached.
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Answer:
c
Explanation:
52) Determine the group, period, valence electrons and group name of the elements below:
1s22s22p4
Answer: the element is oxygen
Explanation: I just learned electron configuration today and this is the only part I can help with. given 1s²2s²2p4 if you add up the exponents you can find how many electrons there are and therefore the element
Write the names of the reactants and products of photosynthesis and chemosynthesis.
A 100. 0 ml sample of 0. 10 m nh3 is titrated with 0. 10 m hno3. Determine the ph of the solution after the addition of 100. 0 ml of hno3. The kb of nh3 is 1. 8 × 10-5.
The ph of the solution after the addition of 100. 0 ml of HNO3 is 5.6. In a 100. 0 ml sample of 0. 10 m NH3 is titrated with 0. 10 m HNO3.
Define anion and cation.Ions with a positive charge are called cations. Ions with negative charge are called anions. Ionic molecules or atoms are charged. A balanced atom will become a positively charged cation if it loses one or more electrons. An anion is a negatively charged atom that develops when a balanced atom acquires one or more electrons.
Reaction: HNO₃(aq) + NH₃(aq) → NH₄NO₃(aq) +H₂O(l)
NH₄⁺ (aq) + NO₃⁻(aq)
NH₄⁺(aq) + H₂O (aq) ⇆ H₃O⁺(aq) + NH₃(aq)
Mol NH₃ = 0.10 mol/L × 100 mL × 1 L/1000 mL = 0.01 mol
Mol HNO₃ = 0.10 mol/L × 100 mL × 1 L/1000mL = 0.01 mol
Mol NH₄NO₃ produced = 0.01 mol NH₄NO₃
Mol HNO₃ left = 0.01 - 0.01 = 0 mol
Hydrolyzing NH₄⁺ and applying ICE approach
NH₄⁺ --> H⁺ + NO₃⁻
I 0.01 0 0
C -x +x +x
E 0.01-x x x
Kh = Kw/Kb = [H⁺][NO₃⁻]/[NH₄⁺]
10⁻¹⁴/1.8×10⁻⁵ = [x][x]/[0.01-x]
Solving for x,
x = [H⁺] = 2.357×10⁻⁶ mol
The formula for pH is
pH = -log [H⁺]
Aside from 2.357×10⁻⁶ mol, let's add the H⁺ from the remaining HNO₃ which is 0.
Therefore,
pH = -log[2.357×10⁻⁶ mol + 0 mol]
pH = 5.6
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The hydrogen generated in this lab was a product of the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid. Which of these reactants is the limiting reactant?.
Supply and the stoichiometric equation are used to identify the limiting reactant of these reactants. So, both reactants are able to act as limited reagents according to these conditions.
They limit how far reactions can go in terms of producing products because they are reactants with a finite supply.
Hydrogen gas is created in the following manner in a reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid:
[tex]Mg+2HCl[/tex] ------------> [tex]MgCl_{2} +H_{2}[/tex]
[tex]HCl[/tex] has two times the molecular weight of magnesium. As a result, no reactant will be limiting if both reactants are provided in the required proportion.
[tex]HCl[/tex] will become limiting if the amount of moles supplied is not at least twice that of [tex]Mg[/tex]. Furthermore, [tex]Mg[/tex] will be limited if the amount supplied is not equal to half the amount [tex]HCl[/tex] supplied.
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Balance the neutralization reaction of phophoric acid with magneium hydroxide. State of matter are not needed
Balance the neutralization reaction of phophoric acid with magneium hydroxide is 2 H₃PO₄ + 3 Mg(OH)2 ⇒ Mg₃(PO₄)₂ + 6H₂O
This reaction is known as a neutralization reaction because the acid and base react to form a salt and water by-products. Phosphoric acid reacts with magnesium hydroxide to produce Magnesium phosphate and water.
A chemical reaction is balanced when there are equal amounts of each element on both sides of the equation.
Therefore, balance the neutralization reaction of phosphoric acid with magnesium hydroxide is 2 H₃PO₄ + 3 Mg(OH)2 ⇒ Mg₃(PO₄)₂ + 6H₂O
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Cobalt-60 is a radioisotope that decays by first order kinetics with a half life of 5. 26 years. When used in radiotherapy, a cobalt-60 unit is replaced when the concentration of co decreases to 75% of its initial value. When does this occur?.
Cobalt-60 is a radioisotope that decays by first order kinetics with a half life of 5. 26 years. When used in radiotherapy, a cobalt-60 unit is replaced when the concentration of co decreases to 75% of its initial value it occurs in 2.18 years.
Given that :
t1/2 = 5.26 years
k t1/2 = 0.693
k = 0.693 / 5.26
k = 0.132 yr^-1
ln ([A]t / [A]o) = - kt
[ Co ] = 0.75 [Co]
ln ( 0.75 [Co] / [Co]o) = - (0.132 yr^-1) t
ln 0.75 = - (0.132 yr^-1) t
-0.288 = - (0.132 yr^-1) t
t = - 0.288 / - (0.132 yr^-1)
t = 2.18 yr
Thus, Cobalt-60 is a radioisotope that decays by first order kinetics with a half life of 5. 26 years. When used in radiotherapy, a cobalt-60 unit is replaced when the concentration of co decreases to 75% of its initial value it occurs in 2.18 years.
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explain why the ionizational energy of
a. Al < Mg
b. S < P
c. B < Be
Ionization energy increases with increase in electronegativity. The ionization energy of aluminium is less than that of magnesium because it is easier to remove an electron from the p orbital than that from an s orbital.
What is ionization energy?Ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove a valence electron from the atom. Thus it depends on the orbital and electronegativity of the atom.
In the case of magnesium the valence electrons are in s orbital and that of aluminium is p orbital. It is easy to remove an electron p orbital than that from a s orbital. Thus Mg has higher ionization energy than Al.
In the case of phosphorous, the valence shell is half filled making it highly stable and thus higher ionization energy. Out of the four valence electrons in p orbital of sulphur, one can be easily removed and thus has lower ionization energy.
In the case of Be the same can be applied,as in Mg, that removing its valence electron from s orbital is hard than to remove an electron from the p orbital of boron.
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What is an example of a simple organism?.
Protozoans, fungi, algae, lichens, mosses and ferns are the example of a simple organisms.
In biology, what is an organism?An organism is a collection of molecules working to together form a mostly stable whole that demonstrates the characteristics of life. With phrases like "any sense of life, such as with a plant, animal, fungus, or bacterial, capable of growth & reproduction," dictionary definitions are very general.
What types of organisms are examples?A living creature with a organized approach, is capable of responding to stimuli, can reproduce, develop, adapt, and preserve homeostasis is referred to as an organism. Therefore, every animal, plant, fungi, protist, microbe, or archaeon found on Earth would be considered a life.
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which of the following statements is false about redox reactions?
a. Reduction is the gain of electrons. b. Oxidation occurs at the anode of an electrochemical cell. c. Oxidation is the loss of electrons. d. Oxidation and reduction cannot both occur in the same chemical reaction. e. Oxidation-reduction reactions involve the transfer of electrons.
A redox reaction involves oxidation one species and reduction of other species. Oxidation is the process of the lose of electron and it occurs at anode and reduction is the gain of electrons. Thus option d is false.
What are redox reactions?A redox reaction is a type of reaction in which both oxidation and reduction occurs each for different species. One reactant species oxidizes by losing electron into the other species and the species which gained the electron is reduced.
Oxidation is the process by which an element or group forms its higher oxidation state by losing electron. Reduction is the process by which an element forms its lower oxidation state through gaining electron.
In an electrolysis two electrodes undergo redox reaction where the electrode at which oxidation occurs is called anode and the electrode where reduction takes place is called cathode. Thus option c is incorrect.
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Calculate the change in temperature when one bottle (250 g) of ethanol is cooled from 45°C to 40°C.
5 °C
205 °C
85 °C
-5 °C
The change in temperature when one bottle (250 g) of ethanol is cooled from 45°C to 40°C is - 5 °C.
The energy entering to the system and energy releasing to the system cause the change in the temperature. the change in temperature can be calculated as : the subtraction of final temperature and the initial temperature. The change in temperature is given as :
change in temperature , ΔT = final temperature - initial temperature
the initial temperature = 45 °C
the final temperature = 40 °C
change in temperature = 40 °C - 45 °C
change in temperature = - 5 °C
Thus, The change in temperature when one bottle (250 g) of ethanol is cooled from 45°C to 40°C is - 5 °C.
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what is the concentration of hydrochloric acid in a solution made by adding 50.0 ml of 6.00 m hydrochloric acid to 400.0 ml of water?
The concentration of hydrochloric acid = 48 m
What is concentration?Concentration is the component's abundance divided by the total volume of the mixture. There are several types of mathematical descriptions: Mass concentration, molar concentration, number concentration, volume concentration.
M₁V₁ = M₂V₂
M₁ = concentration of hydrochloric acid
V₁ = Volume of hydrochloric acid (50.0 ml)
M₂ = concentration of hydrochloric acid (6.00 m)
V₂ = volume of water (400.0 ml)
M₁V₁ = M₂V₂
0.05 M₁ = 0.4 × 6.00
M₁ = 2.4/0.05
M₁ = 48 m
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How many molecules of nitrogen gas can be present in a 2. 5 l flask at 323 k and 650 mm hg ?.
The number of molecules is 0.482 × 10²³ molecules.
The formula for an ideal gasPV= nRT
P = gas pressure (N/m²)
V= gas volume (m³)
n = moles of gas (mol)
T= absolute temperature of gas (kelvin)
We have,
Volume = 2.5 L
Temperature = 50°C (50+273 = 323 k)
Pressure of gas = 650 mmHg ⇒ (650/760 = 0.86 atm)
So,
PV= nRT
(0.86 atm × 2.5 L) = n (0.0821) (323)
n = 2.15 atm. L /26.52 atm. mol⁻¹.L
n = 0.08 mol
We have a number of moles of N₂ are 0.08 mol.
One mole = 6.022 × 10²³ molecules
X = n ( 6.022 × 10²³)
So, number of molecules:
0.08 × 6.022 ×10²³ = 0.482 ×10²³ molecules
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When calcium oxalate dissolves in water, what will happen to the temperature of the water?.
The entire reaction equation for the thermal decomposition of (CaC2)[tex]O^{4}[/tex]. [tex]H_{2}O[/tex] is shown below. to make calcium oxalate that is anhydrous.
Water is lost by crystallisation in step 1. Step 2 involves converting calcium oxalate thermally to calcium carbonate while releasing carbon monoxide.
They can be categorised as calcium oxalate if they are insoluble in caustic alkali and acetic acid, soluble in hydrochloric and sulfuric acid without effervescence, and show a progressive separation of needle-like calcium sulphate crystal when mixed in a 50% sulfuric acid solution.
It burns in pure oxygen or air to form the oxide and reacts quickly with warm water to create calcium hydroxide and hydrogen gas (and more slowly with cold water). Calcium reacts when heated with boron, carbon, sulphur, phosphorus, halogens, and hydrogen.
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The Ostwald process is used commercially to produce nitric acid, which is, in turn, used in many modern chemical processes. In
the first step of the Ostwald process, ammonia is reacted with oxygen gas to produce nitric oxide and water.
What is the maximum mass of H₂O that can be produced by combining 78.3 g of each reactant?
4 NH3(g) + 5O₂(g) → 4 NO(g) + 6H₂O(g)
This makes the O2 the limiting reactant and the NH3 is present in excess since only 49.3 g of H2O can be produced.
What is Ostwald process?Nitric acid is produced chemically using the Ostwald process. The method was created by Wilhelm Ostwald, who patented it in 1902. The primary raw material for the most popular type of fertilizer manufacturing is provided by the Ostwald process, a mainstay of the contemporary chemical industry. Ammonia is transformed into nitric acid in two phases via the Ostwald process. Nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide are produced by the oxidation of ammonia in step 1. The generated nitrogen dioxide is then absorbed in water in step 2. Nitric acid is the result of this.Therefore,
Once more, you must determine which reactant, if any, is limiting since they are giving you the masses of BOTH reactants.
produced from 73.0 g NH3 × 1 mol NH3/17 g × 6 mol H2O/4 mol NH3 × 18 g H2O/mol
Maximum quantity of H2O generated is 49.3 g at 73.0 g O2 × 1 mol O2/32 g × 6 mol H2O/5 mol O2 × 18 g H2O/mol.
This makes the O2 the limiting reactant and the NH3 is present in excess since only 49.3 g of H2O can be produced.
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a sample of a gas at room temperature occupies a volume of 38.0 ll at a pressure of 782 torrtorr . if the pressure changes to 3910 torrtorr , with no change in the temperature or moles of gas, what is the new volume, v2v2v 2 ?
The new volume of sample gas at room temperature with no change in temperature or moles of gas is 7.6 liters
Calculation→
The new volume is calculated using Boyle's law formula
That is P₁V₁=P₂V₂
where,
p₁ = 782 torr
V₁ = 38.0 l
P₂ = 3910 torr
V₂= New volume
make V₂ the subject of the formula by diving both side of equation bP₂
V₂ = P₁V₁/P₂
V₂ is therefore = {(38.0 l × 782 torr) 3910 torr} = 7.6 L
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Write a balanced equation for the combustion of isooctane to yield co2 and h2o.
The balanced equation for the combustion of isooctane to yield CO₂ and H₂O is
2CH₈H₁₈ + 25O₂ → 16CO₂ + 18H₂O
Combustion in a reaction is what?When a substance combines with oxygen gas, it releases energy in the form of heat and light, which is known as a combustion reaction.
When a substance burns in the presence of oxygen, heat and light are produced as a result. This process is referred to as combustion. You may have heard that while some compounds are non-combustible, others are combustible. Simply said, combustible materials go through this procedure.
A lit match is a common illustration of a combustion reaction. A flame is produced when a match is struck because friction heats the head to a temperature where the chemicals react and produce more heat than can be released into the atmosphere.
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g calculate the volume in liters of a iron(ii) bromide solution that contains of iron(ii) bromide .
The volume in liters of a 1.29 mol/ L iron(ii) bromide solution that contains 0.275 moles of iron(ii) bromide is 213 mL.
given that :
molarity of iron(ii) bromide solution = 1.29 mol/L
moles of iron(ii) bromide in solution = 0.275 mol
the molarity expression is as follows :
molarity = moles / volume in L
volume in L = moles / molarity
= 0.275 / 1.29
= 0.213 mL = 213 mL
the volume of iron(ii) bromide solution is 213 mL.
Thus, The volume in liters of a 1.29 mol/ L iron(ii) bromide solution that contains 0.275 moles of iron(ii) bromide is 213 mL.
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ASAP! PLEASE!
For the reaction below calculate how many moles HCI are produced with 17 g of H3P04.
PCI5 + 4 H20 --- > H3РО4 + 5 HCI
Answer:b
Explanation:
b
Give an example and a non-example of a chemical reaction. Explain your choices.
A student dissolves 20 g of potassium chloride in 100 cm3 of water in a beaker. What is the concentration of the solution in g/dm3?.
At 50 degrees Celsius, potassium chloride is soluble in 43.0 grammes per 100 grammes of water.
At 20 C, how much KCl can dissolve in 100 grammes of water?The solution to the issue gives you the solubility of potassium chloride, KCl, in water at 20°C, which is stated to be 34 g/100 g H2O. For every 100 g of water in a saturated potassium chloride solution at 20 °C, 34 g of dissolved salt will be present.
The solution to the issue gives you the solubility of potassium chloride, KCl, in water at 20°C, which is stated to be 34 g/100 g H2O.
The amount of a material that can dissolve completely in a solvent at a specific temperature is known as its solubility. A saturated solution is one such example.
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Answer:
200g/dm3
Explanation:
100cm3 needs to be converted into dm3
cm3 ⇒ dm3= ÷1000
[tex]\frac{100}{1000\\}[/tex]= 0.1
To find the concentration we need to follow the formula:
C=[tex]\frac{m}{v\\}[/tex]
C=[tex]\frac{200}{0.1}[/tex]
C= 200g/dm3
what do you understand by the terms (i) reaction rate, (ii) rate constant, (iii) reaction order and (iv) activation energy
The rate of reaction is the speed of reaction. The rate constant is the proportionality constant in the equation . The reaction order is the relation between rate of reaction and concentration of reaction. The activation energy is minimum amount of energy extra required to produced the product.
1) The rate of reaction is the speed of reaction at which reaction takes place. the rate at which reactants are converted into the product.
2) The rate constant is the proportionality constant in the equation .
3) The reaction order is the relation between rate of reaction and concentration of reaction. there are several types of order of reaction : zero order, first order, second order and the mixed order.
4) The activation energy is minimum amount of energy extra required to produced the product.
Thus, The rate of reaction is the speed of reaction. The rate constant is the proportionality constant in the equation . The reaction order is the relation between rate of reaction and concentration of reaction. The activation energy is minimum amount of energy extra required to produced the product.
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A gas with a volume of 4. 0 l at a pressure of 205 kpa is allowed to expand to a volume of 12. 0 l. What is the pressure in the container if the temperature remains constant?.
The pressure is 68.3 L.
P1V1 = P2V2
Here, P1 = initial pressure, given = 205 kPa
V1 = initial volume, given = 4 L
P2 = final pressure,
V2 = final volume, given = 12 L
Put, these values in P1V1 = P2V2
P2 = P1V1 / V2
P2 = 205 kPa × 4 L / 12 L
P2 = 68.3 L
Therefore, The pressure is 68.3 L.
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how many lines of atoms would you expect to see on the collector plate of a stern-gerlach apparatus if the experiment is done with lithium?
Collector plate of a stern-Gerlach apparatus if the experiment is done. Two lines of atom is lithium is found.
Define stern-Gerlach Experiment.Long before the discovery of electron spin, which it is today connected with, the first Stern-Gerlach experiment was conducted in 1922.
It was an attempt to demonstrate the presence of "space quantization," the Niels Bohr and Arnold Sommerfeld-proposed restriction of the direction of angular momentum to a small number of spatial directions.
One of the experiments that most clearly demonstrates the quantization at the heart of quantum physics even today is Stern-Gerlach. Its operation provides insight into the measuring issue.
Now,
we know lithium atom has three electrons .
Hence, lithium atoms should behave hydrogen atoms. Lithium atoms could exist in two different following states:
(2,0,0,-1/2) and (2,0,0,+1/2)
Hence, two lines of atom is lithium.
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Sodium is much more apt to exist as a cation than is chlorine. This is because ________.
sodium is much more apt to exist as a cation than chlorine this is because choline has a higher tendency of gaining electrons than sodium as they have a different ionization energy
chlorine is a halogen { group 17} in period 3 with valence electrons which requires less energy to gain electrons while sodium is a group 1 element b and a period 3 element with 1 valence electron which is loosely attached with its energy structure.
The removal of this 1 valence electron in sodium is easier than in chlorine with 7 valence electrons this difference is brought about by the differences in ionization energies in both of the elements
ionization energy is the minimum energy which is required by an element to gain or lose a valence electron
It is easier for chlorine to gain electron to attain stability in its energy configuration
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3. ethanol is miscible with water. assuming that caffeine is soluble in ethanol, could you use ethanol as a solvent to extract caffeine from coffee (rather than using dichloromethane as the extraction solvent)? explain why or why not.
We can use ethanol to extract caffeine the problem is that espresso is often water so the solvent chosen for the extraction of caffeine should be immiscible with water. that is the motive why dichloromethane is used.
Solvents which include chloroform methyl chloride ethanol acetone and ethyl acetate are normally used for solvent extraction of caffeine. several techniques may be used for this extraction purpose, together with Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic extraction, and thermal reflux extraction.
Dichloromethane is used as the solvent for liquid-liquid extraction because caffeine is more soluble in dichloromethane than other solvents. It does not make any realistic experience. due to the fact ethanol and water are miscible in any percentage, you will become with an answer of caffeine within the water/ethanol aggregate along with the other water-soluble additives of the tea or espresso you used initially.
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In an atom, the second energy level contains 4 orbitals.
What is the maximum number of electrons that can fill the
second energy level?
In second energy level, maximum 8 electrons can be filled.
How many electrons can hold the energy level?For the first four energy levels, the maximum number of electrons are as follows:
I Energy level: 2 electrons max.
II Energy level: 8 electrons max.
III Energy level: 18 electrons max.
IV Energy level: 32 electrons max.
The greatest number depends on how many orbitals are present at a certain energy level. A volume of space within an atom known as an orbital is where an electron is most likely to be found.
As a result, we may conclude that Energy level II has four orbitals and hence, requires eight electrons to completely occupy it.
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Select the correct answer. which reaction is a decomposition reaction? a. 2kclo3 → 2kcl 3o2 b. 4na o2 → 2na2o c. zns 3o2 → 2zno 2so2 d. 2nabr caf2 → 2naf cabr2
"2KClO₃ ↔ 2KCl + 3O₂" will be considered as a decomposition reaction. So, the correct option is (a)
What is decomposition reaction?A decomposition reaction can be defined as a chemical reaction in which a reactant breaks down into two or more products. The general form of the decomposition reaction is shown below.
AB→A+B
A major application of decomposition reactions is the extraction of metals from ores. For example, zinc can be obtained by subjecting calamine to a decomposition reaction. Similarly, sodium can be synthesized from sodium chloride (NaCl). to the question given,
Reaction 2KClO₃ ↔ 2KCl + 3O₂ is the only reaction among the reactions mentioned in the question in which the reactant (KClO₃) was decomposed into two products (KCl and O₂). Hence the decomposition reaction.
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What are the boxes in pivot table field list?.
The four sections of the pivot table—Report Filter, Column Labeling, Row Labels, and Values—are located at the bottom of the Self - configuration Field List window.
What are pivot tables and how do they function?One of the fundamental tools for data is the pivot table. Many significant business concerns can be swiftly resolved with pivot tables.
Pivot Tables can be thought of as a form of visual storytelling even if they are merely tables and lack real graphics.
Can two Pivot Tables be combined?Most tools demand the somewhat tedious process when comparing two Table or merging them. With some exclusions, like Lumeer, numerous Pivot Table that have the same structure can be laid over.
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what is true about a polar covalent bond? the electrons are transferred from one atom to the other in the bond.
Uneven distribution of the bond's electrons leads to the formation of polar covalent bonds
What is a covalent bond?
The exchange of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms forms a covalent connection. The two atomic nuclei are drawing these electrons in unison. When there is insufficient space between two atoms' electronegativities for an electron transfer to take place and create ions, a covalent bond is formed.
Polar covalent bonds are the result of an unequal sharing of the electrons in a bond. One element pulls the electron pair more aggressively than the other element in a polar bond.The key to identifying whether bonds will be polar or nonpolar lies in the difference in electronegativity values of each element involved. Electronegativity refers to a numerical value applied to the strength with which an atom pulls an electron towards itself in a bond.A chemical bond between two elements that have a small electronegativity difference is labeled as having no distinctive dipole. A dipole is the pull that exists between two elements in a bond. Within a dipole, the element that has a stronger pull will result in a partially negative charge, while the other element in the bond will receive a partially positive charge.Hence, uneven distribution of the bond's electrons leads to the formation of polar covalent bonds
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