Taking into account the reaction stoichiometry, 16.345 moles of O₂ are required if 4.67 mol of ethane undergo combustion.
Reaction stoichiometryThe balanced reaction is:
2 C₂H₆ + 7 O₂ → 4 CO₂ + 6 H₂O
By reaction stoichiometry (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:
C₂H₆: 2 molesO₂: 7 molesCO₂: 4 molesH₂O: 6 molesMoles of O₂ requiredThe following rule of three can be applied: If by reaction stoichiometry 2 moles of C₂H₆ react with 7 moles of O₂, 4.67 moles of C₂H₆ react with how many moles of O₂?
moles of O₂= (4.67 moles of C₂H₆× 7 moles of O₂) ÷2 moles of C₂H₆
moles of O₂= 16.345 moles
Finally, 16.345 moles of O₂ are required.
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if a bullet makes an oval shaped hole as it moves through glass, it entered the glass how? a. straight on b. at an angle c. from the top d. from the bottom
The correct option is b. at an angle; If a bullet passes through glass and leaves an oval-shaped hole, it entered the glass at an angle.
Explain the formation of oval-shaped hole?An oval resembles the form, contour, or shape of an egg.
Take a moment to picture yourself grabbing your favourite ball as well as squeezing it in your hands. You would observe an oval-shaped object. The uneven curves and strange, semi-round egg form of the ball would prevent it from rolling or throwing as smoothly if you were to maintain that shape.Every shape contains characteristics, such as the flat shapes that can detect and outline on an object, such as edges, corners, and faces.For instance:
A square has a square face, four sides, and four corners.Four sides, four corners, and a rectangle's face make up a rectangle.Thus, If a bullet passes through glass and leaves an oval-shaped hole, it entered the glass at an angle.
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The rate limiting step in a reaction is the slowest step in the reaction sequence. True False
The statement is true. The rate-limiting step in a reaction is the slowest step.
The rate-limiting step in a reaction is the slowest step in the reaction sequence and determines the overall rate of the reaction. This step is generally characterized by having the highest activation energy and is often the step with the lowest concentration of reactants. The rate-limiting step is often the rate-determining step, meaning that the rate of the reaction is dependent on this step. The rate-limiting step is also called the slow step or the rate-controlling step.
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several small molecules are important to biochemical systems. you have isolated one of these and to identify it you determine its molar mass. you release 0.37 g of the gas into a flask with a volume of 732 ml at 21 °c. the pressure in the flask is 209 torr. what is the unknown gas?
The molar mass of 34.26 g/mol is consistent with the molar mass of nitrogen gas (N2), which is 28.02 g/mol. Therefore, the unknown gas is likely nitrogen.
To identify the unknown gas, you need to determine its molar mass. The ideal gas law can be used to calculate the molar mass. The ideal gas law is given as:
PV = nRT
where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature in kelvin. To calculate the molar mass, we'll rearrange the ideal gas law to solve for n:
n = PV / RT
The gas constant R has a value of 0.0821 L-atm/mol-K. To convert the temperature to kelvin, add 273.15 to the temperature in °C. The pressure must be converted from torr to atm. One atm is equal to 760 torr, so:
P = 209 torr / 760 torr/atm
P = 0.2758 atm
The volume must also be converted from mL to L. 1 L = 1000 mL, so:
V = 732 mL / 1000 mL/L
V = 0.732 L
Now that we have all the required values, we can plug them into the ideal gas law equation to calculate the number of moles:
n = 0.2758 atm * 0.732 L / (0.0821 L-atm/mol-K * (21 + 273.15 K))
n = 0.0108 mol.
Since the mass of the gas is given as 0.37 g, we can calculate the molar mass as:
Molar mass = mass / moles
= 0.37 g / 0.0108 mol
= 34.26 g/mol
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When I do (10*1000)/(1x10^-6) I don’t get that answer what am I doing wrong
One gram is 10⁶ micrograms. One kilogram is 1000 grams. Then 1 kg is 10⁹ micrograms. Therefore, 10 kg is equal to 10¹⁰ grams.
What are mass units ?Mass of a substance is the measure of its total amount. Mass is an extensive unit. Mass can be expressed in various units. The SI unit of mass is grams.
We know that,1 kg = 1000 g = 10³ g.
one microgram = 10⁻⁶ g or,
one gram = 10⁶ micrograms.
Now, one kg = 10³ g, then,
one kg = 10³× 10⁶ micrograms = 10⁹ micrograms.
Then micrograms equivalent to 10 kg is 10 times the amount in 1 kilogram
that is, 10 kg = 10 ×10⁹ micrograms = 10¹⁰ micrograms.
This way, you will get the correct answer.
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What is the name of CoCl2•6H20?
Answer:
The name of the chemical compound CoCl2•6H2O is cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate.
warm-blooded animals employ ______ to regulate the temperatures of the body
a) radiation
b) conduction
c) convection
Warm-blooded animals employ radiation to regulate the temperatures of the body. Therefore, the correct option is option A.
What is warm-blooded animal?The term "warm-blooded" relates to animal species that bodies sustain a temperature higher than the ambient temperature. Homeothermic creatures (birds and mammals included) control metabolic activities to maintain a constant body temperature. The degree of thermoregulation in other animals varies.
Because animals employ more than two methods of temperature regulation, the terms "warm-blooded" and "cold-blooded" have become derogatory within the scientific community. Warm-blooded animals employ radiation to regulate the temperatures of the body.
Therefore, the correct option is option A.
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How many MOLES of AICI3 are in 215 GRAMS of AICI3?
215 grams of AlCl₃ is equal to 1,61 moles of AlCl₃. The relative molecular mass of the compound AlCl₃ is 133.5 grams/mol.
The mole is one of the basic units used to indicate the amount of substance in the international system of units. The equation for calculating moles is mol = mass / relative atomic mass. To find out the mol of AlCl₃ you can use the following steps
Step 1: Calculate the relative molecular mass for the compound AlCl₃.
Mr AlCl₃ = ( Ar Al × ∑Al ) + ( Ar Cl × ∑Cl)
= ( 27 gam/mol × 1) + ( 35,5 gram/mol × 3)
= 27 gram/mol + 106,5 gram/mol
= 133,5 grams/mol
Step 2: Calculate the moles of the compound AlCl₃.
n AlCl₃ = mass AlCl₃ ÷ relative molecular mass AlCl₃
= 215 grams ÷ 133,5 grams/mol
= 1,61 mol
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a buffer consists of equal concentrations of hf and . what happens to the ratio of actually in solution as a strong base, , is added to the equilibrium?
When a strong base is added to a buffer solution containing equal concentrations of a weak acid and its conjugate base, the equilibrium of the buffer shifts towards the conjugate base, and the ratio of weak acid to conjugate base changes.
A buffer solution consists of a weak acid (HF) and its conjugate base (F-). When a strong base, such as NaOH, is added to the buffer solution, the base will react with the weak acid to produce more of its conjugate base and less of the weak acid. This will shift the equilibrium of the buffer towards the conjugate base and increase the concentration of the F- ion in the solution.
However, the buffer is designed to resist changes in pH, so the effect of the added base will be somewhat limited. The buffer will work to restore the original pH by reacting with some of the added base to produce more of the weak acid. As a result, the ratio of the weak acid to its conjugate base will change, but the change will be relatively small.
The key feature of a buffer solution is its ability to resist changes in pH, so even though the ratio of weak acid to conjugate base will change, the overall pH of the solution will change only slightly. This makes buffer solutions useful for maintaining a stable pH in a wide range of applications, such as biological systems and chemical processes.
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which is true for the mineral characteristic known as streak? question 1 options: streak is the color of the mineral when it is powdered all minerals have a streak streak is the color of the impurities found within the crystal structure. streak is the same as the visible color of the mineral.
Streak is the color of the mineral when it is powdered. This property is useful for identifying minerals, as the streak of a mineral is often different from its visible color.
For example, hematite, which appears as a dull red or brown in its natural form, has a streak that is a bright red color. This property is determined by rubbing the mineral on a piece of unglazed porcelain, which leaves behind a streak of the powdered mineral. Streak can be affected by the presence of impurities in the mineral, but in general, it is a reliable way to identify a mineral.Streak is a physical property of minerals that refers to the color of the powdered form of a mineral. It is determined by rubbing the mineral on an unglazed porcelain plate, which leaves behind a streak of the mineral's powder. Streak is a useful tool for mineral identification, as it can often be more consistent and distinct than the visible color of a mineral. For example, some minerals may have variable visible colors due to impurities, but their streak will be consistent. Streak can also be used to distinguish between minerals that may look similar but have different properties.
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which features make H2O a polar molecule? select all that apply
-the molecule has a bent molecular shape
-the molecule has an uneven distribution of electron density
-the electrons are distributed unevenly within each bond of the molecule
-each H2O molecule has a different shape
-the molecule is electrically charged
The features that make H₂O a polar molecule are:
The molecule has a bent molecular shape.The molecule has an uneven distribution of electron densityThe electrons are distributed unevenly within each bond of the moleculeWhat is a polar covalent bond?It is a bond that occurs when the bonding atoms have a difference in electronegativity causing the generation of an area with higher electron density creating a positive pole and a negative pole.
The oxygen atom in water has a partial negative charge, while the hydrogen atoms have a partial positive charge. This results in an overall dipole moment, with the molecule having a slightly positive end and a slightly negative end.
H₂O is a polar molecule due to its bent molecular shape, an uneven distribution of electron density, and uneven electron distribution within each bond of the molecule. This results in an overall electrical charge for the molecule.
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a certain metal oxide has the formula mo. if a 39.46 g sample of mo is heated in an atmosphere of hydrogen to remove all of the oxygen as h2o, and 31.70 g of m is left over, which metal is m?
This atomic mass corresponds to the metal iron (Fe). Therefore, the metal in the MO compound is iron (Fe).
The given chemical formula of the metal oxide is MO, where M represents the metal cation. When the sample of MO is heated in an atmosphere of hydrogen, the oxygen from the metal oxide reacts with hydrogen to form water vapor. The balanced chemical equation for this reaction can be written as:
MO + H2 → H2O + M
Here, one mole of MO reacts with one mole of H2 to produce one mole of water vapor and one mole of metal M. Using the molar mass of MO, which is the sum of the atomic masses of M and O, we can calculate the number of moles of MO present in the given sample:
Molar mass of MO = atomic mass of M + atomic mass of O
= M + 16
Mass of MO = 39.46 g
Number of moles of MO = mass of MO / molar mass of MO
= 39.46 g / (M + 16)
Now, according to the problem, all the oxygen in MO is removed, leaving behind 31.70 g of M. From the balanced chemical equation, we know that the mass of M produced is equal to the initial mass of MO minus the mass of water vapor produced. The molar mass of water is 18 g/mol, so the number of moles of water produced is:
Number of moles of H2O = mass of H2O / molar mass of H2O
= mass of oxygen removed / 16
= (39.46 g - 31.70 g) / 18
= 0.43 mol
Therefore, the number of moles of M produced is also 0.43 mol. We can use this value and the number of moles of MO calculated earlier to write an equation that relates the atomic mass of M to the number of moles of M:
0.43 mol = 39.46 g / (M + 16)
Solving for M gives us:
M = 55.85 g/mol
This atomic mass corresponds to the metal iron (Fe). Therefore, the metal in the MO compound is iron (Fe).
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2. What characteristic must a scientific
experiment have for it to be valid? A
clever
B replicable
C complex
D long
Clever is the characteristic that a scientific experiment must have to be valid. Therefore, the correct option is option A.
What is scientific experiment?An experiment, in its most basic form, is just the testing of a theory. In turn, a hypothesis is a suggested relationship or explanation for a phenomenon.
The experiment is the cornerstone of the scientific method, that is a methodical approach to learning about the world around you. Although some experiments are conducted in laboratories, an experiment can be conducted anywhere, at any time. Clever is the characteristic that a scientific experiment must have to be valid.
Therefore, the correct option is option A.
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what enzyme uses the energy of a proton gradient to add a phosphate to adp?
The correct answer is ATP Synthase uses the energy of a proton gradient to add a phosphate to ADP.
The mitochondrial enzyme ATP synthase, which is found in the inner membrane, transforms ADP and phosphate into ATP. The stream of protons is driven by the movement of electrons from the chemically positive to the negative side of the proton, which creates a gradient.The electron transport chain involves the downhill flow of electrons to the final electron acceptor through a chain of membrane-bound carriers in order to aid the uphill transfer of protons across a proton-impermeable membrane. In order to move protons (ions) via ATP synthase Fo particles and down the concentration gradient, it creates a proton gradient. The proton-motive force, which drives protons to move, provides the energy for ADP phosphorylation (ions).
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Chemical bonds hold together the atoms that make up a molecule. molecules may also be attached to one another by chemical bonds.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
False
Explanation:
When atoms join together to form molecules, they are held together by chemical bonds. These bonds form as a result of the sharing or exchange of electrons between the atoms. It is only the electrons in the outermost shell that ever get involved in bonding.
What is the boiling point, in °C, of a 0.527 m aqueous solution of LiBr?
BP(water) = 100 °C
Kb (water) = 0.512 °C/m [ ? ] °C
To solve this we must know the concept behind the phenomenon of elevation in boiling point when a non volatile solute is added to any solvent. Therefore, boiling point in °C of a 0.527 m aqueous solution of LiBr is 100.54 °C.
Mathematically,
ΔT= Kb× molality
The complete balanced equation can be written as
LiBr → Li⁺ + Br⁻ [two ions]
substituting all the given values in the above mathematical expression, we get
(0.527 m LiBr) x (2 mol ions / 1 mol LiBr) = 1.054 m ions
(0.512 °C/m) x (1.054 m) = 0.540 °C change
100.00°C + 0.540 °C = 100.54 °C
Therefore, the boiling point in °C of a 0.527 m aqueous solution of LiBr is 100.54 °C.
What is elevation in boiling point ?
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What are some possible areas in the homeland at school
where energy usage can be easily reduced?
Write 4 sentence explaining
Answer:
1. Shower instead of bathing.
2. When you leave the room, turn off everything.
3. Grow a Tree
4. Bicycle or walk to school.
Explanation:
As global temperatures rise, wildfires, droughts, and increased electrical consumption place strain on the country's energy system. Severe weather is the main cause of power outages and fuel supply disruptions in the United States. And, because energy generation is one of the greatest producers of CO2 to the climate, people and students alike must have the information and abilities to comprehend the issues, create and execute solutions, and advocate for change.
a student gave a molecule the following incorrect name: 2-ethyl-3-methyl-5-propylhexane. what is the correct (iupac) name for the molecule? a) 3,4-dimethyl-6-propylheptane b) 2-propyl-4,5-dimethylheptane c) 4,6,7-tetramethylnonane d) 1,2-diethyl-3,6,7-trimethyloctane e) 3,4,6-trimethylnonane
The correct IUPAC name for the molecule is option c) 4,6,7-tetramethylnonane.
To name the molecule, we start by identifying the longest continuous carbon chain, which in this case contains nine carbon atoms. We number the chain from the end that gives the substituents the lowest possible numbers, which gives us the numbering 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9.
The molecule has three branches: a propyl group on carbon 5, an ethyl group on carbon 2, and a methyl group on carbon 3. We name these branches as substituents and indicate their positions with their respective numbers. Therefore the correct IUPAC name for the molecule is 4,6,7-tetramethylnonane.
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Continuing from the last question, what is the new pressure inside the container?
Hint: Did we use up all of the reactants?
Answer:
3 atm
Explanation:
3AgNO3 + Na3PO4 -> Ag3PO4 + 3NaNO3
Silver nitrate and sodium phosphate are reacted in equal amounts of 200 g each.
How many grams of the excess reagent is left over?
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is as follows: 3AgNO3 + Na3PO4 -> Ag3PO4 + 3NaNO3
What is balanced chemical?A balanced chemical equation is a chemical equation in which the number of atoms for each element in the reaction's reactants and products are equal. This means that the same number of atoms of each element is conserved and that the equation is balanced. In other words, a balanced chemical equation follows the law of conservation of mass, which states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed.
Since the amounts of both reactants are equal (200 g each), the same amount of each will be consumed in the reaction. This means that 200 g of each reagent will be used and there will be no excess reagent. Therefore, the answer is 0 g of excess reagent.
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What are atoms of the same element that have different mass numbers?
Answer:
isotope
Explanation:
'X' is a compound has very high melting point and is brittle while 'Y' has low melting point and is a gas. What are the types of compounds 'X' and 'Y' and differentiate them by the following two properties:
a) conductivity
b) solubility in water
X is an electropositive metal as it loses electrons and Y is a non-metal as it gains electrons.
Compounds formed between metal and nonmetal are ionic compounds.
What is a compound?
Compounds are substances created by mixing two or more different chemical elements in a specific order. A compound and a mixture are occasionally mistaken for one another, but they have significant differences. Although substances are united in a mixture, no chemical reaction or bonding similar to that found in compounds occurs. In a combination, the constituent elements each retain their unique characteristics and can be broken down into their constituent parts. Examples of mixes include air, saltwater, and liquid dish soap.To know more about compound, click the link given below:
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IS ANYONE GOOD AT CHEMISTRY?? I need help pleaseeeee
I need the answers on how to get the answer for scratch work to turn in
the wavelength of a single photon of UV-A electromagnetic radiation that possesses an energy of 6.2 x 10^-19 J is approximately 3.210 x 10^-5 cm. The option closest to this answer is 3.2 x 10^-5 cm.
explain about energy ?
The energy E of a photon is related to its wavelength λ by the following formula:
E = h * c / λ
where h is the Planck's constant, c is the speed of light in a vacuum, and λ is the wavelength of the photon.
We are given the energy of a single photon of UV-A electromagnetic radiation as 6.2 x 10^-19 J. The values of h and c are:
h = 6.626 x 10^-34 J s
c = 2.998 x 10^8 m/s (the speed of light in a vacuum)
To convert the wavelength to centimeters, we can use the conversion factor of 1 m = 100 cm.
Now we can rearrange the formula to solve for the wavelength λ:
λ = h * c / E
Substituting the given values, we get:
λ = (6.626 x 10^-34 J s) * (2.998 x 10^8 m/s) / (6.2 x 10^-19 J)
λ = 3.210 x 10^-7 m = 3.210 x 10^-5 cm (after conversion)
Therefore, the wavelength of a single photon of UV-A electromagnetic radiation that possesses an energy of 6.2 x 10^-19 J is approximately 3.210 x 10^-5 cm. The option closest to this answer is 3.2 x 10^-5 cm.
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which of the following factors is not involved in the downwelling responsible for the thermohaline circulation? a. evaporation b. low precipitation c. warm surface currents d. freezing of sea water
Option (d) is correct. Freezing of sea water is not responsible for the thermohaline circulation.
Thermohaline circulation is defined as the movement of ocean water caused by density difference brought about by variations in temperature and salinity. As ocean water freezes at the poles it concentrates salt and the colder and denser water sinks. It is a part of the large scale ocean circulation that is driven by global density gradients created by surface heat and freshwater. The term thermohaline derives from word "thermo", referring to temperature and "haline", referring to salt content. Both together determine the density of sea water. Thermohaline circulations occur in certain marginal seas associated with warm waters rendered dense by their high salinity resulting from evaporation.
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Threat and risk assessment of a suspect is referred to as
O suspect-based profiling
O geographical profiling
O crime scene profiling
O psychological profiling
Assessment of a suspect's threat and risk is referred to as "suspect-based profiling".
Explain about the suspect-based profiling?Understanding the numerous risks to your IT systems, assessing the amount of risk to which these systems are exposed, and suggesting the proper level of protection all require the use of a Threat and Risk Assessment (TRA).
In order to support informed risk-based decision-making, a STRA is the whole activity of assessing as well as reporting privacy issues for just an information system. Risk assessments and proposed interventions are also recorded in a STRA. Threat assessments look into problems as they arise or are tried, whereas risk assessments examine a wider range of possibilities to identify any prospective difficulties and the potential scope of damage. Providing suggestions that maximise the protection information confidentiality, integrity, and availability while maintaining functioning is the goal or conclusion of a threat and risk assessment.Thus, assessment of a suspect's threat and risk is referred to as "suspect-based profiling".
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2. Explain why the drop of water on the wax paper is "very round" in comparison to the drop on the glass is more flat use the term either hydrophobic or hydrophilic
The water droplet on wax paper is round and flat on a glass surface, this is because of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties of water.
The water drop on wax paper is very round in comparison to the one on a glass which is flatter, this indicates the property of cohesion of water molecules, this is due to gravity.
On the other hand, when the water droplet is on wax paper it is way rounder in shape and attracted to the wax paper called as adhesion.
Hydrophobic literally means "fear of water."
In chemistry, it could be said it's the physical property of molecules that are repelled from a mass of water. This is the case with wax paper where its can't get absorbed or fail to mix and rather tend to repel.
Hydrophile is basically opposite of hydrophobic which is the molecules attracted to water. A hydrophile is a molecule or other molecular entity that is attracted to water molecules and tends to be dissolved by water.
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which of the following statements describes lattice energy? select the correct answer below: it is the energy stored in the intermolecular attractions that hold particles together in an ionic solid. it is the energy of a solute. it is the amount of enthalpy change that occurs when 1mol of ionic solid is converted into gaseous ions. all of the above
Option A: It is the amount of energy stored in the intermolecular attractions that hold particles together in an ionic solid, and option C: it is the amount of enthalpy change that occurs when 1mol of ionic solid is converted into gaseous ions, describes lattice energy.
The enthalpy change required to convert one mole of an ionic solid into gaseous ionic components is known as lattice energy. The strength of the ionic bonds in an ionic compound is gauged by lattice energy. It holds the particles together in a molecule. Thus, option A and C describes lattice energy. It sheds light on a number of ionic solids' characteristics, such as their solubility, hardness, and volatility.
The lattice energy of an ionic solid cannot be measured directly, but only be detected with Born-Haber cycle. It is expressed in terms of kilo-joule per mole, KJ/mol.
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) 4 (N₂C1) + H₂0 C •List the amount of Molecules Of each element
One mole of every elements contains 6.02 × 10²³ atoms. Then, 4 moles of N₂ contains 2.4 × 10²⁴ molecules . one mole of water contains 6.02 × 10³¹ molecules.
What is Avogadro number ?One mole of a substance is its amount containing 6.02 × 10²³ atoms or molecules. This number is called Avogadro number. One mole of every elements contains Avogadro number of atoms.
Similarly one mole of every compound contains 6.02 × 10²³ molecules. The mass of one mole of compound is called its molar mass.
Given that there are 4 moles of the compound. One mole of every N₂ 6.02 × 10²³ molecules. Then, 4 moles of N₂ contains 2.4 × 10²⁴ molecules
One mole of water contains Avogadro number of water molecules. One formula unit of water contains 2 hydrogens and one oxygen. Then, there are 2.4 × 10²⁴ hydrogen atoms and 6.02 × 10²³ oxygens.
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Your complete question is as follows:
Given the reaction below: List the amount of Molecules Of each element in the reactant side.
4 N₂ (g)+ H₂O (l)
Why do quartz and glass both have very high melting points?
please can someone give an explanation
Covalent bonding is present in Quartz. Covalent bonds result in a high melting point. Covalent solids are insoluble in most solvents.
Why does quartz have such a high melting point?Quartz is very hard to melt because quartz is unsteady above 870 Celsius, and molten silica is wobbling below 1713 Celsius. In the interval between 870 and 1713 degrees, quartz tends to change to tridymite or cristobalite, not melt. It is hard to heat quartz to melt, in the region of 1650 Celsius
Melting point: The melting point of quartz is higher than 1700°C. Curie temperature for alpha and beta quartz: The Curie warmth for quartz is 573°C.
So we can conclude that Crystal quartz has a very particular melting point. Because quartz glass is a single component it doesn't form eutectics
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If the plant Ben used is a water plant, what is the variable he should record to find out the rate of photosynthesis?
To measure the rate of photosynthesis in a water plant, the variable Ben should record is the change in dissolved oxygen levels.
What is photosynthesis?Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy, which is stored in the form of carbohydrates. One of the byproducts of photosynthesis is oxygen, which is released into the surrounding water. By measuring the change in dissolved oxygen levels over time, scientists can determine the rate at which the plant is producing oxygen through photosynthesis.
In addition to dissolved oxygen levels, other variables that can be recorded to determine the rate of photosynthesis in water plants include the rate of carbon dioxide uptake, the rate of change in chlorophyll fluorescence, and the rate of change in pH levels
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why was it necessary to use different concentrations of aqueous isopropanol in the step gradient separation?
The use of different concentrations of aqueous isopropanol in a step gradient separation is often done to achieve a better separation of molecules or compounds in a sample.
The use of different concentrations of aqueous isopropanol in a step gradient separation is often done to achieve a better separation of molecules or compounds in a sample.
In step gradient separation, a series of solutions with increasing or decreasing concentrations of a solvent is used to separate molecules based on their different affinities for the solvent. By gradually changing the solvent composition, molecules with different properties (such as size, polarity, or charge) can be separated from each other.
In the case of aqueous isopropanol, changing the concentration of isopropanol in the solution can change the polarity of the solvent system. This can be useful for separating molecules that have different polarities, as they will have different affinities for the solvent at different concentrations.
For example, in a mixture of polar and nonpolar compounds, a low concentration of isopropanol may be more effective at eluting the polar compounds, while a higher concentration may be needed to elute the nonpolar compounds. By using a series of solutions with different isopropanol concentrations, a step gradient separation can be achieved that separates the different compounds in the mixture.
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