The first physical test that we will do is flame test, Test the rate at which the substance catches fire.
So in flame test the white powder sample is introduced to a non-luminous, hot flame and observing the colour of the flame and observing the colour of the flame. The main concept behind the flame test is the sample atoms evaporate and since they are hot, they emit light when being in flame.
Here we are looking into the chemical change which is happening to the substance. Burning is a chemical change as new substance is formed with new properties and it cannot be reserved.
So the first physical test a forensic scientist might do is Test the rate at which the substance catches fire.
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During extraction of metals from their molten compounds for example calcium chloride is added to rock salt from the extraction of sodium from sodium chloride. Explain
Explanation:
Sodium is a reactive metal, and so can't be extracted by electrolysis of an aqueous solution.
The main ore of sodium is common salt, sodium chloride.
Calcium chloride is added to the purified ore to lower the melting point from around 800°C to around 600°C, so that energy costs are lowered and this is economical because it saves on electricity used in heating.
How many total degrees of freedom are possible for helium?
The total degrees of freedom for helium are three.
The number of ways that a molecule can move or vibrate in space in gaseous phase is known as degree of freedom. The degree of freedom depends on the total number of atoms and the geometrical structure of atoms.
There are three types of degrees of freedom; rotational, translational and vibrational. The degree of freedom for helium is three for translational motion only.
The degree of freedom for monoatomic is three such in the case of helium. A molecule can have different degrees of freedom for different types. For examples, the degrees of freedom for NH3 is 3 for translational and rotational and six for vibrational.
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Which one of the following ionic solids would have the largest lattice energy?
a. nabr
b. kf
c. cabr2
d. csi
e. cacl2
Cacl2 has the largest lattice energy.
The lattice energy of CaCl2 is -2195.2 kJ/mol. The calcium salt calcium chloride has a wide range of applications in both home and industrial settings. The molar mass of calcium chloride, which has the chemical formula CaCl2, is 110,983 g/mol. The calcium cation (Ca2+) and two chlorine anions make up an ionic compound (Cl–).
Lattice energy cannot be objectively quantified, although it can be measured using electrostatics or inferred using the Born-Haber cycle.
The size of the ions affects the lattice energy in an inverse manner: the greater the electrostatic attraction between the smaller ions, the greater the lattice energy. Two crucial elements that influence the lattice energy's magnitude are the bonded ions' charge and radius.
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Write the chemical symbols for three different atomic cations that all have 12 protons.
Incorrect question .
Corrected question- Write the chemical symbol for three different atomic cations that all have 12 electrons.
The number of protons inside the nucleus always remains constant.
∴Chemical symbol of three different atomic cation that have 12 electrons:
Al+Si2+P3+Atomic cation is the ion with positive electric charge on it, it means it should have more protons than electrons.
Aluminium (Al) has 13 electrons therefore, Al+ will have = 13 - 1 ⇒12 electrons (+1 charge means it will lose 1 electron)Silicon (Si) has 14 electrons therefore, Si2+ will have = 14 - 2 ⇒ 12 electrons. (+2 charge means it will lose 2 electron) Phosphorus (P) has 15 electrons therefore, P3+ will have = 15-3 ⇒ 12 electrons. (+3 charge means it will lose 3 electrons)To learn more about atomic cation refer- https://brainly.com/question/12055269
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Al⁺, Si²⁺ ,P³⁺ are the atomic cations with 12 electrons.
∵The nucleus always contains the same number of protons.
∴Three distinct atomic cations with 12 electrons each have the following chemical symbol:
1. Al⁺
2. Si²⁺
3. P³⁺
An ion or atomic cation with a positive electric charge is thought to have more protons than electrons.
• Aluminum (Al) contains 13 electrons, hence Al+ will have = 13 - 1→ 12 electrons (1 electron will be lost for every additional charge).
• Si2+ will have = 14 - 2→ 12 electrons since silicon (Si) has 14 electrons. (+2 charge signifies electron loss of 2);
• Because phosphorus (P) has 15 electrons, P3+ will have 12 electrons because 15-3. (+3 charge indicates that 3 electrons will be lost.)
Hence, Aluminium, Silicon and phosphorus cations have 12 electrons.
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Your question is incorrect. The correct question is -Write the chemical symbols for three different atomic cations that all have 12 electrons.
Which element would have a fixed charge of 2 in an ionic compound?
a. al
b. k
c. ba
d. co
Element that would have a fixed charge of 2 in an ionic compound is c. Ba.
Barium (Ba) is a metal from the second group of the Periodic table of elements.
Barium looses two electrons and has a fixed charge of 2+ in an ionic compounds.
Electron configuration of the barium atom:
₅₆Ba 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁶ 6s².
For example, in the salt barium chloride (BaCl₂) , barium has charge of 2+.
Aluminium (Al) has charge of 3+.
Potassium (K) has charge of 1+.
Cobalt (K) change charge, it depends of the compound.
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An 8.5 gram sample of impure LiF was analyzed and found to contain 2.2 grams of LiF. What was the % Impurity in the sample?
What noble-gas configurations are the following elements likely to attain in reactions in which they form ions?
If the elements achieve the following ions then they are likely to attain the noble-gas configurations. The example of elements attaining ionic forms are given below:
[Ne], N3−
[Ar], Ca2+
[Ar], S2−
[Kr], Br−
Noble gas configuration refers to the symbol of the last Nobel gas and the configuration of the remaining electrons of the atom preceding that Nobel gas.
According to the Nobel gas configuration, if an atom has 8 electrons in the valence shell then it becomes the most stable atom.
All noble gases have eight electrons in their outermost shells making them the most stable and inert elements of the periodic table.
For example, the Neon symbol refers to the standard Nobel gas configuration thus making the noble gas configuration for sodium [Ne]3s1.
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The density of liquid mercury is 13.69 g/cm^3. how many atoms of mercury are in a 1.286e1 ml sample?
5.8 x 10^²³ atoms of mercury are in a 1.286e1 ml sample. Density is a measure of how tightly a material is packed.
Defined as mass per unit volume. Density symbol: D or ρ Density formula: ρ = m/V, where ρ is the density, m is the mass of the object, and V is the volume of the object.
Data given is:
density of liquid mercury = 13.6g/10 cm³
Volume =1.286x [tex]10^{1}[/tex]mL
Calculation:
we know, 1 mL = 110 cm³
Volume= 1.286x[tex]10^{1}[/tex] cm³
w = Dv
= 13.69g/cm ^ 3 x 1.286 x[tex]10^{110}[/tex] cm³
= 176.05g
Calculate moles of mercury. Molar mass of mercury = 200.5g / mol
No of moles = 176.05 g / 200.5g/mo|
=0.8776 mol of Mercury
we know,
I mol = 6.022x10^²³ atom
0.8776 mol= 6:022×10^²³ x0.8776 atom
=5.28x10^²³ atom
=5.8 x 10^²³ atom
=5.8 x 10^²³ atom of Mercury.
Hence, 5.8 x 10^²³ atoms are present in murcury.
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When liquid gold becomes a solid, its particles get closer together. Which best describes what happened to the gold?
the conservation of magnetism
the change in solubility in a physical change
the change in melting point in a physical change
the rearrangement of particles in a physical change
Particles can be arranged in a variety of ways. Particles of liquid gold move closer together as it solidifies. Thus, option D is correct.
What happens when liquid convert into solid form?When a liquid is cooled and transforms into a solid, freezing takes place. A solid is created when the particles in a liquid eventually cease moving and settle into a stable configuration.
Attractive forces start to capture particles, and a solid's crystals start to take shape.
Therefore, the rearrangement of particles in a physical change describes When liquid gold becomes a solid, its particles get closer together.
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Answer:
The answer is option D on indeguity
Explanation:
A scientific model is a complex representation of a simpler system. True or False?
Answer:
False
Explanation:
A model is a representation of a more complex system.
Answer:
False
Definition:
The scientific model is a condensed depiction of complicated or invisible to the human sight scientific systems, such an atom or a solar system. Although this representation is simplified, it is nevertheless accountable for producing all of the original systems' essence, substance, and behavior. This allows the models to be employed in scientific studies and research and to provide tangible outcomes that accurately reflect the actual systems.
What is a scientific model?
A scientific model is a simplification that roughly represents the real world while making it simple to think about issues, gain clarity and understanding, and perhaps forecast behavior.
Say, "The world is flat!" as an example. Actually, if you were alive 10,000 years ago, this estimate wasn't so awful. In general, everything you see around you suggests that the globe *is* flat, especially if you're living on a large grassy plane. Forget some of the boundary difficulties around the "edge of the globe"; perhaps it just never ends.
Then, though, you could start to see ships if you go to the ocean and stare out across that huge horizon. The sail is shown first, followed by a little portion of the mast, and then the ship's body. Hmm. That must imply that the spacecraft was underneath the earth's "flat surface," or...
The globe that is the earth (Or having a burrito-like form. But for now, let's stick with spherical.) That's fascinating. That would indicate that if I go from one location on Earth to another and keep moving, I would ultimately return to the original location. This proposition is testable!
The Earth is not a perfect spherical, of course. Its core protrudes a little bit. But a sphere is a reasonably good scientific model for the Earth for all everyday practical purposes (with the exception of things like GPS and satellite communications, etc.).
Similar to this, other scientific models should be as straightforward as feasible in order to explain occurrences and offer some level of testable prediction potential.
Thanks,
Eddie
A student finds two unlabeled jars of white, solid substances. It is believed that one of the jars contains k2so4 and the other baso4. What is a quick means of telling them apart?.
Adding water to each solid quickly separates them; K₂SO₄ is soluble while BaSO₄ is insoluble. K₂SO₄ cannot form a precipitate, whereas BaSO₄ can form a precipitate.
Many factors influence solubility, one of which is lattice energy or the stability of the lattice and bond. The rule now states that bigger anions are stabilized by bigger cations and smaller anions are stabilized by smaller cations.
Since (SO4)²⁻ is a larger anion, the stability of the compound rises as the size of the cation does as we move down the group. As a result, the solubility drops. BaSO₄ is therefore insoluble.
Now, this goes against the trend found for k⁺. K₂SO₄ is an ionic molecule in this instance, and most ionic molecules are soluble in water. Dipoles and the extreme polarity of ionic substances are reasons for their solubility. Although they are held together so firmly that water is unable to separate them, not all ionic substances are soluble in water.
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How does a decrease in the temperature of a chemical reaction affect the reaction rate?
because the temperature is low so the chemical reactions affect the reaction rate
What would decrease the gravitational pull between the sun and Earth? (1 point)
if the sun was twice its size
Oif Earth was twice its size
O if Earth was closer to the sun
O if the sun was farther away from Earth
Answer:
if earth was closer to the sun think about it a magnet the closer the more powerful
follow me;)
The statement that would decrease the gravitational pull between the sun and Earth is as follows:
If the sun was farther away from Earth.Thus, the correct option for this question is D.
What is Gravitational pull?Gravitational pull may be defined as the methodology through which the force of attraction that bodies apply to one another with respect to their prospective masses.
According to the context of this question, the gravitational pull is strongest when two bodies reside close to one another. But, when they are farther, this force of attraction lowers.
If the sun was twice its size, its gravitational pull strengthen as compared to the earth, while if Earth was twice its size, it is found that the gravitational pull of the earth strengthens.
Therefore, if the sun was farther away from Earth is a statement that would decrease the gravitational pull between the sun and Earth. Thus, the correct option for this question is D.
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Which compound would have the highest boiling point?
a) ch3ch2ch2ch2ch2ch3
b) ch3ch2och2ch2ch3
c) ch3ch2ch2ch2ch2oh
d) ch3ch2och(ch3) 2
e) ch3och2ch2ch2c
Compound that would have the highest boiling point is c) CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OH.
Pentan-1-ol (CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OH) is an alcohol with boiling point of 137⁰C.
While boiling, liquid pentan-1-ol is changed into gaseous pentan-1-ol.
Alcohols have higher boiling point than ethers, because it can form hydrogen bonds (see the picture below).
Between molecules of water there are hydrogen bonds, which must be brake so water can evaporate.
Hydrogen bond is an electrostatic attraction between two polar groups in which one group has hydrogen atom (H) and another group has highly electronegative atom such as nitrogen (like in this molecule), oxygen (O) or fluorine (F).
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A+soil+that+is+completely+saturated+has+a+total+density+of+2030+kg/m3+and+a+water+content+of+25%.+(gs=2.73)+what+is+the+density+of+the+solid+(in+kg/m3)?
The density of solid is 2730kg/m^3.
The amount of "stuff" in a certain amount of space is measured by its density. The definition of it is the mass per unit volume.
Given:
Total density = 2030kg/m^3
Water content = 25%
Gs= 2.73
Density of water = 1000kg/m^3
To find:
Density of solid = ?
Formula:
Dry density = moist density / 1 + water content
Density of solid = Gs x density of water
Calculations:
Density of solid = 2.73 x 1000
Density of solid = 2730kg/m^3
Dry density = 2030 / (1+0.25)
Dry density = 2030 / 1.25
Dry density = 1624kg/m^3
Result:
The density of solid is 2730kg/m^3 and the dry density of the soil is 1624kg/m^3.
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A buffer resists change in ph when ___________ amount of acid or base is added to it.
Change in pH is resisted by a buffer on addition of small amount of acid or base.
When a small amount of a strong acid or base is introduced to a buffer, the change in pH does not occur. This is accurate provided that the quantity of strong acid or base supplied does not significantly outweigh the quantity of conjugate base and conjugate acid already in the buffer. The buffering capacity will exceed if an excessive amount of a strong acid or basic is added.
A buffer is a substance that can withstand a change in pH when acidic or basic substances are added. Small additions of acid or base can be neutralized by it, keeping the pH of the solution largely constant. For reactions that call for certain and stable pH ranges, this is significant. The pH range and capacity of buffer solutions determine how much acid or base can be neutralized before there is a change in pH and how much pH will vary.
A buffer is a unique liquid that prevents significant pH level fluctuations. Each buffer that is created has a specific buffer range and buffer capacity. The quantity of base or acid that may be added to a buffer before the pH starts to noticeably shift is known as the buffer capacity.
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What is the molality of a solution prepared by dissolving 86.9 g of diethyl ether, c4h10o (74.12 g/mol), in 425 g of benzene, c6h6?
The molality of a solution prepared by dissolving diethyl ether is 2.76 m.
m(C₄H₁₀O) = 86.9 g; mass of diethyl ether
M(C₄H₁₀O) = 74.12 g/mol; molar mass of diethyl ether
n(C₄H₁₀O) = m(C₄H₁₀O) ÷ M(C₄H₁₀O)
n(C₄H₁₀O) = 86.9 g ÷ 74.12 g/mol
n(C₄H₁₀O) = 1.17 mol; amount of diethyl ether
m(C₆H₆) = 425 g = 0.425 kg; mass of benzene
b = n(C₄H₁₀O) ÷ m(C₆H₆)
b = 1.17 mol ÷ 0.425 kg
b = 2.76 mol/kg; the molality of a solution
Molality is a measure of the concentration of a solute in a solution in terms of amount of substance in a specified amount of mass of the solvent.
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Assertion (A) : The acid must always be added to water with constant stirring.Reason (R) : Mixing of an acid with water decreases the concentration of H+ ions per unit volume. *
The acid must always be added to water with constant stirring because the process is highly exothermic and it can be dangerous. Therefore, the assertion is correct but the reason is incorrect.
1.Acid is thoroughly diluted with water before being added.
2.It should be introduced very gradually while being stirred continuously.
3.Acid addition to water is a highly exothermic reaction, releasing a lot of heat in the process.
4.The heat produced by the stirring is absorbed by the water, making the situation safer.
5.The amount of ions in a given volume are more concentrated when an acid and water are combined. However, it has nothing to do with continuously swirling acid into water.
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Does a reaction occur when aqueous solutions of magnesium nitrate and iron(ii) sulfate are combined?
Yes, a reaction occurs.
When Magnesium nitrate Mg(NO3)2 and iron (II) sulphate (FeSO4) are combined, double displacement reaction takes place.
Double displacement reaction - A reaction in which two compounds exchange their cations or anions (ions) to form two new compounds.AB + CD → AD + CB
Ionic equation according to the question-
FeSO4 + Mg(NO3)2 → Fe(NO3)2 + MgSO4
Here, Iron (II) sulphate reacts with Magnesium nitrate to form Iron nitrate and magnesium sulphate by undergoing double displacement reaction.
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Yes, there is a reaction when iron (II) sulphate (FeSO₄) and magnesium nitrate Mg(NO₃)₂ are mixed.
Double displacement reaction occurs when iron (II) sulphate (FeSO₄) and magnesium nitrate Mg(NO₃)₂ are mixed.
Displacement reaction- When a less reactive element is pushed out of a compound that also contains a more reactive ingredient, the result is a displacement reaction. The less reactive element is now pure and left alone following a displacement reaction.
AB + C → A + CB
whereas,
Double displacement reaction- In a double displacement reaction, two compounds swap cations or anions (ions) to create two new molecules.
AB + CD → AD + CB
FeSO₄ + Mg(NO₃)₂ Fe(NO₃)₂ + MgSO₄ is the ionic equation in response to the query.
Here, a double displacement reaction occurs between magnesium nitrate and iron (II) sulphate to produce iron nitrate and magnesium sulphate.
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A weak acid ha, has a p k a of 5.0. if 1.0 mol of this acid and 0.1 mol of naoh were dissolved in one liter of water, what would the final ph be?
A weak acid ha, has a p k a of 5.0. if 1.0 mol of this acid and 0.1 mol of naoh were dissolved in one liter of water, 4.05 is final ph .
What is ph ?The term pH, which originally stood for "potential of hydrogen" (or "power of hydrogen"), is used in chemistry to describe how acidic or basic an aqueous solution is. Greater pH values are seen in basic or alkaline solutions than acidic solutions.
Since hydrogen ions are logarithmic, the pH scale shows how many of them are present in a solution in inverse proportion.
M = mol dm3, where. Acidic solutions have a pH under 7, while basic solutions have a pH over 7, at a temperature of 25 °C (77 °F). At this temperature, solutions with a pH of 7 are neutral (i.e., have the same amount of H+ and OH- ions, like pure water), meaning they don't react with one another. Temperature has an impact on the pH's neutral value.
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The universal system of measurement for science uses the
Ometric
digital
English
European
system.
X: 250ml of 30% nacl soln. your pharmacy stocks 22% and 40% nacl soln. how may ml of 22% nacl soln would you need to formulate the prescription? (round to the nearest ml)
The amount of ml for 22% NaCl solution required to formulate the prescription is 139ml.
To find the solution need to formulate prescription, the given data's are,
30% of Nacl solution will have 250 ml
Find for 22%.
What is Sodium Chloride (NaCl)?Sodium chloride, or salt, is an ionic substance with the chemical formula NaCl that represents a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions.
The body that required NaCl also known as salt, Sodium Chloride (NaCl) is critical for proper functioning of the human body.
From the given values,
22/100x + 40/100(250-x) = 30/100 × 250
22x + 40(250 - x) = 30 × 250
22x - 40x = 7500 - 10000
18x = 2500
x = 2500/18
x = 138.89ml
Thus, from the metrics given, it is correct to state that the amount of ml of 22% NaCl solution required to formulate the prescription is 139ml.
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when you touch outside the breaker containing two chemicals reacting together you feel hot what type of chemical reaction is going on in the breaker explain with an example
Answer:
exothermic chemical reaction.
Explanation:
you can feel it
What is a property of an ionic compound?
Select all that apply.
Responses
remains intact when soaked in water
, , , , remains intact when soaked in water
insulates against heat and electricity
, , insulates against heat and electricity
conducts electricity and heat efficiently
, , conducts electricity and heat efficiently
resists melting at high temperatures
The properties of an ionic compound are as follows:
Conducts electricity and heat efficiently. Resists melting at high temperatures.Thus, the correct options for this question are C and D.
What do you mean by Ionic compound?An Ionic compound may be defined as a type of chemical compound that is significantly composed of ions that are held together by electrostatic forces referred to as ionic bonding.
The properties of ionic compounds are determined by the process through which they dissociate from one another when they dissolve in water. For example, NaCl. They are good conductors of heat and electricity.
Therefore, the correct options for this question are C and D.
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why there is presence of double or triple bond between carbon?
Answer:
Alkynes
Explanation:
Alkynes are hydrocarbons which contain carbon-carbon triple bonds. Their general formula is CnH2n-2 for molecules with one triple bond (and no rings). Alkynes undergo many of the same reactions as alkenes, but can react twice because of the presence of the two p-bonds in the triple bond.
Explain why you do not have to add water to a sealed container?
Explanation:
Opening the container will be difficult due to the low pressure. But, if you manage to get it open, then air from outside will immediately rush in. The pressure will rise up to atmospheric pressure, and the boiling point of water will go back up to 100°C.
Molarity5. 0.800 moles of sugar are present in 250. ml of solution. determine its molarity (m)?
The molarity of 0.800 moles of sugar in 250 ml of solution is 3.2 M
To solve this molarity problem, the formulas and the procedures that we have to use are:
M = n(solute)/v(solution) L
Where:
M= molarityn = molesv = volumeInformation about the problem:
v = 250 mln= 0.800 molM = ?Converting the volume units from (ml) to (L) we have:
v(solution) = 250 ml * (1 L/1000 ml)
v(solution) = 0.250 L
Applying the molarity formula, we get:
M = n(solute)/v(solution) L
M = 0.800 mol / 0.250 L
M = 3.2 M
What is a solution?In chemistry a solution is known as a homogeneous mixture of two or more components called:
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If 233.76 g nacl in 1 l of water is a 1 m solution, what would the molarity be if 233.76 g of nacol was dissolved in .5 l of water?
If 233.76g NaCl in 1l of water makes a solution of 1M, then the same amount in 5l solution will make 1/5M solution.
What is molarity?
The term "molar concentration" is used to define the concentration of a chemical species, specifically a solute, in a solution. It denotes the quantity of a substance per unit volume of solution. Other synonyms for this phrase include quantity, substance concentration, and molarity.
M = n/V
where, n = no of moles of solute that is solute concentration
V = volume of solution
and, M = molarity of the solution.
If 233.76g of sodium chloride dissolves in 1 litre of water to form a 1 M solution, then the same amount in 5 litres will form a 1/5 M solution.
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If the strontium ion has a charge of 2 , and the oxygen ion has a charge of 2-, why is the formula sr2o2 incorrect for strontium oxide?
The formula Sr₂O₂ is incorrect for strontium oxide, because it is not the simplest formula for this compound.
The correct formula for strontium oxide is SrO.
There are equal numbers of positive and negative ions.
Ratio of the cations and anions is 1 : 1.
Strontium is Earth alkaline metals, group 2 in Periodic system of the elements.
Strontium electron configuration: ₃₈Sr 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰4s²4p⁶5s²; two valence electrons is 5s² orbital.
Oxygen will form anion O²⁻.
Electron configuration of oxygen atom: ₈O 1s² 2s² 2p⁴.
Oxygen gain two valence electron to form anion with stable electron configuration as noble gas neon (atomic number 10).
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What change would make the model of the atom more accurate?
The change that can make the model of nitrogen atom more accurate is to show 7 neutrons in the nucleus. The correct option is C.
What is an atom?An atom is a matter unit of matter that defines a chemical element distinctively. An atom is made up of a central nucleus one or more negatively charged electrons.
The nucleus is positively charged and encompasses one or more protons and neutrons, which are relatively heavy particles.
Nitrogen is an atom with seven protons, seven neutrons, and seven electrons. The nucleus is made up of neutrons and protons that are all stuck together in the middle of the atom.
The addition0. of 7 neutrons in the nucleus can improve the accuracy of the nitrogen atom model.
Thus, the correct option is C.
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Your question seems incomplete, the complete question is:
A students drawing of a nitrogen atom is shown. What change would make the model more accurate?
A-move the electrons into the nucleus
B-add 2 more protons
C-show 7 neutrons in the nucleus
D-remove 2 electrons
