If a hydrate of the formula mcly⋅xh2o decomposes when heated to produce hcl, what change would you expect to occur when a piece of blue litmus paper is held in the path of the vapor released?.

The value of the gas constant will be high due to the increase in gas pressure.

Solution:

According to Ideal Gas Law, PV=nRT

where, P = Gas pressure (in atmospheres),   V= Gas Volume (in Liters),  n = number of moles of gas sample T=  Gas Temperature (in Kelvins), R = Gas Constant.

[tex]\therefore R=\frac{(P\ast V)}{(n\ast T)}[/tex] ....... (1)  

P = [tex]P_{atm}[/tex] - [tex]P_{water vapor}[/tex]

where = Atmospheric pressure[tex]P_{water vapor}[/tex] = Partial pressure of water vapor.

If students forgot to include the vapor pressure of water in the calculation of gas constant then the magnitude of pressure due to gas(P) will be more because they are not substracting the Water vapor value from the [tex]P_{atm}[/tex]to get the actual P value.

The value of the gas constant will be high due to the increase in gas pressure.

The ideal gas constant R can be found experimentally by determining the number of moles of gas occupying a given volume of measurement at a known pressure and temperature. This information is obtained in this laboratory by collecting the oxygen produced by the decomposition of potassium chlorate over water. The water level inside the tube should match the water level outside the tube.

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Kp is the equilibrium constant of the reaction in accordance with the partial pressure of the gas. The mass percentage of calcium carbonate is 2.5%.

What is the mass percentage?

The mass percentage is the ratio of the moles reacted to that of the moles present initially multiplied by  100.

The reaction of calcium carbonate can be shown as,

CaCo3 ----------------->  CaO   + CO2

The formula for the equilibrium constant is given as,

Kp= Kc[tex](RT)^{n}[/tex]

Here,

n = 1

Gas constant (R) = 8.314 J /mol K

Temperature (T) = 1073 K

Kp = 1.16

      = 1.3 x [tex]10^{-4}[/tex]

Substituting values in the above equation:

             x =0.005

From the ICE table of the reaction the value of moles of calcium carbonate (x) is calculated as:

Mass% = 0.005/0.2x 100%

              2.5%

Therefore, 2.5% is the mass percentage.

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Rotation refers to the movement of an object rotating around its own axis. Rotation refers to the orbital motion of an object around another object.

When the earth rotates it moves or revolves around the sun. The Earth's orbit around the Sun is called an orbit. It takes one year or 365 1/4 days for the Earth to make a complete orbit around the Sun. The moon revolves around the earth as the earth revolves around the sun. This is because the earth accelerates and decelerates as it orbits the sun.

Most of the apparent motion of the Sun comes from the Earth's rotation. As our planet rotates, the sun, moon, and all the stars appear to move from east to west, as if they were spinning in an office chair, while the walls all move in the opposite direction. It looks like you are. It is important to understand the difference between twists and turns. Rotating an object around its internal axis is called rotation. When an object orbits its outer axis it is called rotation.

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The melting point of solution will be

a. 2.0 mol of CaCl2: -11.2

b. 20.0 g of NaCl: -1.3

The melting point of a liquid is the temperature at which, under atmospheric pressure, a solid transforms into a liquid. At this time, both the liquid and solid phases are in equilibrium. Additionally dependent on pressure, the substance's melting point is provided at standard pressure. The freezing point or Crystallisation point is the temperature at which a liquid reverses its state and becomes a solid. The freezing point might easily appear to be lower than it actually is due to the capacity of substances to supercool. In truth, when determining a substance's "characteristic freezing point," because the transition from solid to liquid only entails a minor change in volume, the melting point is sensitive to extremely large changes in pressure, but normally this sensitivity is orders of magnitude less than that for the boiling point.

When a solute is added in a solvent the boiling of solvent is elevated. This elevation in boiling point (ΔTb) is given by the formula ΔT=Kbm Where Kb= Boiling point constant. The melting point of a solution prepared from the given quantity of solute in 1.00 kg of water will be;

a. 2.0 mol of CaCl2: -11.2

b. 20.0 g of NaCl: -1.3

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The mass of HNO₃ is 19.17kg.

Chemical equations are symbolic depictions of chemical reactions where the reactants and products are stated in terms of their respective chemical formulae.

The equation of the reaction is;

4NO₂(g) + O₂(g) + 2H₂O(l) → 4HNO₃(aq)

There is a plenty of water and oxygen. Because it controls the amount of product formed, NO2 is referred to as a limiting reagent. With the aid of the following formula, the moles of NO2 are determined:

Mass of NO₂ produced = 14 kg

Molar mass of NO₂ = 46 g/mol

Number of moles of NO₂ = 14 × 10³ g/46 g/mol

Number of moles of NO₂ = 304.34 moles.

Utilizing stoichiometry,

HNO₃ will be produced from 4 moles of NO₂

This indicates that 304.34 moles will produce,

4/4×304.4 = 304.4.

The first equation can be used to get the mass of HNO₃ and we will obtain,

Molar mass of HNO₃ = 63gm/mol

Molar mass of HNO₃ = 63×304.34

Molar mass of HNO₃ = 19173.42 (or) 19.17.

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Complete question is "Another component of acid rain is nitric acid, which forms when NO2, also a pollutant, reacts with oxygen and water according to the simplified equation 4NO2(g)+O2(g)+2H2O(l) → 4HNO3(aq) The generation of the electricity used in a medium-sized home produces about 14 kg of NO2 per year. Part A Assuming that there is adequate O2 and H2O, what mass of HNO3, in kg, can form from this amount of NO2 pollutant?".

The nuclear equation for decay of rubdium-87 by the emission of single beta particle is [tex]^{87}Rb_{37}[/tex] >>> [tex]^{87}Sr_{38}[/tex] + [tex]^{0}e_{-1}[/tex]

There are 36 isotopes of rubidium (37Rb), but only two of them are present in naturally occurring rubidium: 85Rb (72.2%), and the radioactive 87Rb (27.8%). Rubidium is radioactive enough in normal rubidium mixes to fog film in around 30 to 60 days.

The half-life of 87Rb is 4.92 1010 years. It is fairly common because it easily replaces potassium in minerals. Numerous rock samples have been dated using 87Rb, which decays to stable strontium-87 by the emission of a beta particle. Sr tends to concentrate in plagioclase during fractional crystallization, leaving Rb in the liquid phase.

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There are 20 protons and 18 electrons in a calcium ion. Each electron has a charge of -1 while each proton has a charge of +1. It has a 2 charge.

The finished text is: 20 protons and 18 electrons make up the ion Ca2+. Having 20 protons and 20 electrons, an atom of calcium. Two electrons were lost, as shown by the 2+ charge adjacent to the symbol: 20-2=18.

An ion with 18 electrons and a positive charge is created by a certain element. Keep in mind that atoms have the same amount of protons and electrons as their atomic number, which is equal to the number of protons it contains. Since calcium has an atomic number of 20, it is the element in question.

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Vapour pressure rises with temperature and is a measurement of a substance's propensity to transform into a gaseous or vapour state.

The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the pressure exerted by its surroundings equals the vapour pressure present at the liquid's surface. Compound molecules that bond well with one another will have a low vapour pressure (less inclination to escape to the vapour phase), whereas compounds that connect poorly with one another would have a high vapour pressure. Vapour pressure is a measure of a compound's capacity to bond with itself. Based on the strength of its intermolecular forces, a liquid's vapor pressure is one of its characteristics.

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The measurement of a substance's propensity to change into a gaseous or vapour state, vapour pressure increases with temperature.

The temperature at which the ambient pressure equals the vapour pressure existing at the liquid's surface is known as the boiling point of a liquid. Low vapour pressure indicates that a compound's molecules are well-bonded to one another and are less likely to escape into the vapour phase than high vapour pressure indicates weak bonds. An indicator of a compound's ability to bind to itself is its vapour pressure. A liquid's vapor pressure is one of its properties and depends on the strength of its intermolecular forces.

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When cations and anions in an aqueous solution react to generate a precipitate, an insoluble ionic solid, precipitation processes take place.

The solubility principles for typical ionic solids can be used to determine whether or not such a reaction takes place. Before figuring out the condition of the products and creating a net ionic equation, one must refer to the solubility criteria because not all aqueous reactions produce precipitates. Scientists are able to identify the ions that are present in a solution because to the capacity to forecast these reactions, and industries are able to create compounds by taking components from these reactions. When specific cations and anions combine in an aqueous solution, precipitates are insoluble ionic solid products of the reaction. The variables that affect how a precipitate forms can be different.

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The percent error if the accepted value is 54.89 g is 55.0 g

The percent error is the absolute value of the error divided by the accepted value, and multiplied by 100%

Here given data is

Volume =  12.06 ml

Density =  4.56 g/ml

Mass = ?

So for calculate mass we have formula

Density = mass/volume

Mass = volume × density

Mass = 12.06 ml×4.56 g/ml

Mass = 54.99 gram

We have to calculate percent error = ?

So the formula is

Percent error = approximate value - exact value / exact value ×100

Percent error = 55.0 g

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Answer:

Explanation:

The bonding in NaCl involves a sodium ion and a chloride ion while the bonding in sodium metal involves sodium ions and a sea of electrons.

NaCl involves sodium and ion and chloride ion held together by an ionic bond. The sodium atom transfers an electron to chlorine atom to yield the chloride ion. This ion pair exists in the compound called sodium chloride.

In sodium metal, the sodium cations interact electrostatically with a sea of electrons in a metallic bond. Hence, while the bonding in sodium chloride involves an ion pair, the bonding in sodium metal involves sodium ions and a sea of electrons.

Of the options given, only I₂ exhibits the London dispersion force. So the correct answer to this question is A.

London dispersion forces are a type of intermolecular force acting between atoms and molecules, usually electrically symmetric. That is, the electrons are symmetrically distributed with respect to the nucleus. They are part of the Van der Waals force. LDF is named after the German physicist Fritz London. It can be defined as a kind of temporary attractive force that occurs when an electron occupies it. It is considered to be the weakest intermolecular force.

H₂S exhibits a dipole-dipole interaction due to the large difference in electronegativities of hydrogen and sulfur. Because of this, their bond is polar. NH₃ shows hydrogen bonding between them. Since HF is a polar covalent molecule, it exhibits dipole-dipole interactions.

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Complete question is as follows:

"All molecules have London forces between them, but dipole-dipole and hydrogen bonding are so much stronger that when they are present we can ignore London forces. Only NONPOLAR molecules will SHOW LDF. Which of these has ONLY LDFs?"

A. I₂

B. HF

C. NH₃

D. H₂S

Answer: Japenease pls

Explanation:

In noncyclic photophosphorylation, electrons flow in a one way path from water to NADP

Non cyclic photophosphorylation process which result in the movement of the electron in a non cyclic manner for synthesizing ATP molecule using the energy from excited electron provided by photosystem 2 us called as non cyclic photophosphorylation

And during non cyclic photophosphorylation the electron released by P700 are carried by primary acceptors and are finally passed on the NADP and the electron combine with the proton H⁺ which is produced by splitting up of the water molecule and reduced NADP to NADPH₂ and this process require light to be absorbed twice

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The concentration of hydrogen ions increases as a result of a series of chemical reactions that take place when CO2 is absorbed by saltwater.

The seawater's acidity rises as a result, and carbonate ions become relatively less common. Seawater absorbs carbon dioxide, which is present naturally in the atmosphere. Carbonic acid (H2CO3) is created when water and carbon dioxide mix. This weak acid dissociates into hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-). Carbonate from the sea is used by marine life to create their shells and skeletons. Carbonate is less readily available for animals to build their shells and skeletons as seawater becomes more acidic. Shells and skeletons may dissolve in highly acidic environments.

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Answer:

45

Explanation:

Twelve plus Twenty two plus eleven equals forty five. Basically just add all the numbers to find the total number of atoms

(I could be wrong I guessed

In order to titrate a solution of nitric acid, a student uses a potassium hydroxide solution.

Neutralization is a chemical process that happens when an acid is put to a base. Nitric acid, HNO3, reacting with the basic potassium hydroxide, KOH, is one example. A salt and water are produced by neutralizing HNO3 + KOH with H2O and KNO3.

The interaction of H+ ions and OH- ions produces water in a neutralization reaction, which occurs when an acid and a base react to form water and a salt.

The reaction is: CaCO3(s)+2HNO3 (aq)→Ca(NO3)2(aq)+CO2(g)+H2O(l).

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The molecular formula for the empirical formula (CHCl[tex])_{n}[/tex] is C2H2Cl2.

Here we have to find the molecular formula.

Form the ideal gas law we have:

PV = nRT

n = moles = weight(W) / molar mass(M)

PV = WRT/ M

Given:

W = 0.8g

R = 0.0821 atm/ K-mol

T = 373K

V = 256mL = 0.256L

P = 750 torr = 750 / 760

  = 0.987 atm

Putting all the values we have:

0.987 × 0.256 = 0.8 × 0.0821 × 373 / M

M = 97 g/mol

As the empirical formula is (CHCl[tex])_{n}[/tex]

Molar mass = n ( 12.01 + 1.01 + 35.45)

So we have

97 = n( 48.47)

n = 2

So we have the molecular formula is (CHCl[tex])_{2}[/tex].

Therefore we get the molecular formula is C2H2Cl2.

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A barium and a krypton nucleus were found in two incredibly unstable fission pieces. These pieces very instantly split into barium-144 and krypton-89 after releasing three neutrons each.

The main fissile elements are uranium-235 (0.7 percent of naturally occurring uranium), plutonium-239, and uranium-233, the latter two being synthesised from uranium-238 and thorium-232, respectively, which are fertile elements.

A reactor may be fueled with a variety of materials, although uranium is the most often utilised fuel. Oceans contain uranium, which is widely distributed around the earth and is also rather abundant. You can also utilise other fuels, such thorium and plutonium.

Today, uranium is utilised to generate energy from commercial nuclear reactors and to create isotopes for use in industry and medicine.

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Reaction rate at

What is reaction rate?

The rate of a chemical reaction is defined as rate of change in concentration of a reactant or product divided by its coefficient from the balanced equation

Reaction rate = [tex]\frac{mass of tablet / volume of water }{reaction time}[/tex]

For 3° C:

Reaction rate = [tex]\frac{1000mg / 0.200L}{138.5 sec}[/tex] = 36.1 mg/L/sec

For 24 °C:

Reaction rate = [tex]\frac{1000/0.200}{34.2}[/tex] = 146.2 mg/L/sec

For 40°C:

Reaction rate = [tex]\frac{1000/0.200}{26.3}[/tex] = 190.1 mg/L/sec

For 65 °C:

Reaction rate = [tex]\frac{1000/0.200}{14.2}[/tex] = 352.1 mg/L/sec

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2.83 M will be the molar concentration of ethanol (CH₃CH₂OH, 46.08 g/mol) in a wine that is 14% ethanol by mass.

Molar mass of CH₃CH₂OH = 46.08 g/mol

Percentage in wine = 14 %

Density of wine = 0.93 g/cm3

Molar concentration = ?

Calculate density of ethanol:

density of ethanol = (% of ethanol / 100) × density of wine

density of ethanol = (14 / 100) 0.93 g/ml

density of ethanol = 0.14 × 0.93 g/ml

density of ethanol = 0.1302 g/ml

Supose we have 1 ml wine so mass = 0.1302 g / ml

Now calculate the number moles of ethanol

number of moles = mass / molar mass

number of moles of CH₃CH₂OH = 0.1302 g / 46.08 g/mol

number of moles of CH₃CH₂OH = 0.00283

Calculate the molarity of ethanol

molarity = number of moles / molar mass in L

molarity of CH₃CH₂OH = 0.00283 mol / 1 ml × 1000 ml / 1L

molarity of CH₃CH₂OH = 2.83 mol/L

molarity of CH₃CH₂OH = 2.83 M

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The temperature of a material when it undergoes an endothermic change remains constant. The heat added to the material is used to overcome intermolecular forces.  

What is endothermic reaction?

The endothermic reaction is a type of reaction where the reactants of the system absorb the heat energy from the surroundings to form the products. Example for an endothermic reaction is the melting of ice cube.   Sublimation, vaporization and melting can also be considered as examples for endothermic reactions.

The heat energy supplied to the material is basically used to break the bonds between the molecules. So there is no change in the kinetic energy of the molecules in endothermic reactions.

Therefore, in endothermic reactions, the temperature of a material when it undergoes an endothermic change remains constant due to the energy being used in breaking the bonds. So no increase in kinetic energy can be observed.

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In the reaction of 30.0 g of propane and 75.0 g of oxygen, oxygen is the limiting reagent.

The chemical equation of the reaction of propane and oxygen is as follows,

C₃H₈ + 5O₂ → 3CO₂ + 4H₂O

Here, 30 grams of propane reacts with 75 grams.

Step 1- First find the moles of oxygen and propane.

Moles of propane = mass/molar mass

Moles of propane = 44/30

Moles of propane = 1.21 moles.

Now, moles of oxygen = 75/18

Moles of oxygen = 4.16 moles.

Step2- compare the moles,

Now, we see, as per the reaction, for every one mole of propane. there should be 5 moles of oxygen, hence,

1 mole propane = 5 moles oxygen

1.21 moles propane = 6.05 moles of oxygen.

So, 6.05 moles of oxygen are required but we have only 4.16 moles, so, here, oxygen is the limiting reagent.

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(a) belongs to Group IIA.

(b) belongs to  Group XVIA.

(c) belongs to Group IA.

Ionic compounds are made up of charged particles called ions, which form when an atom (or group of atoms) gains or loses an electron. Cations are positively charged ions, whereas anions have a net negative charge. Covalent or molecular compounds are produced when two elements join together to form molecules and share electrons.

Part (a): X must be a metal for the compound XF2. Since there are two fluorine atoms and fluorine is a monovalent element, X must have a valency of two.

X thus belongs to group 2 as a result.

Part (b): X must not be a metal in the complex MgX. Given that magnesium is divalent and only contains one magnesium atom, X must have a valency of two.

X thus belongs to group 16 as a result.

Part (c): X must be a hydrogen atom or a metal for the compound X2SO4. Given that there are two X atoms and that sulfate is divalent, X must have a single valency.

X thus belongs to group 1 as a result.

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When the element comes near an atom having seven valence electrons, no reaction will occur.

The name of the element is Neon.

The electron configuration of elements shows how the total number of electrons present in the atoms of the elements are arranged in the orbitals around the nucleus.

In other words, the electron configuration of elements indicates the total number of electrons on its neutral atom, and hence the atomic number of elements.

In this case, the electron configuration is [tex]1s^2 2s^2 2p^6[/tex]. The total number of electrons is 10. Hence, the atomic number of the element is 10. The element with atomic number 10 is Neon (Ne).

Neon represents one of the inert elements on the periodic table. They possess octet electron configuration and as such, are not reactive ordinarily. Thus, if an atom of neon comes near an atom with seven valence electrons, no reaction will occur.

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The name of the medicine to be prescribed, its dosage or strength, or the names and dosages of each ingredient to be added to a compound are all listed in the body of such prescription, or inscription.

A prescription is a piece of paper around which your doctor orders medication and which you provide to a pharmacist or chemist in order to obtain the medication. You must visit a pharmacy with your prescription. 2. A noun that counts.

Simple prescriptions are those that are written for only a single component as well as prefabricated product and don't need the pharmacist to compound or admix it. 2. Compound or complicated prescriptions: Those that need compounding and are written for some more than one component.

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The total number of valence electrons in NBr₃ is 26 valence electrons.

The given molecule is nitrogen tribromide ,  NBr₃

no. of nitrogen atoms in  nitrogen tribromide is 1 . nitrogen atomic number is 7 , the number of electrons in the valence shell = 5

total number of valence electron in nitrogen = 1 × 5 electrons = 5 electrons

number of bromine atom in  nitrogen tribromide is = 5. bromine atomic number is 35 , number of electrons in the outermost shell = 7

total no. of valence electron in bromine = 3 × 7 = 21

Total number of valence electrons in the molecule, NBr₃

NBr₃ = 5 electrons + 21 electrons = 26 electrons.

Thus, The total number of valence electrons in NBr₃ is 26 valence electrons.

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If HA represents a weak acid, The equilibrium corresponds to the equilibrium constant kb for the conjugate base, A⁻ is

A⁻    + H₂O ⇄  HA  +  OH⁻

Kb = [HA] [OH⁻] / [A⁻]

According to Bronsted lowery , the acids are those which donates the H⁺ ion. The specie which accept the proton is called as base. the conjugate acid and the conjugate base is the which differ by a proton.

The equation is given as :

A⁻    + H₂O ⇄  HA  +  OH⁻

The equilibrium constant Kb is given as :

Kb = [HA] [OH⁻] / [A⁻]

Thus, If HA represents a weak acid, The equilibrium corresponds to the equilibrium constant kb for the conjugate base, A⁻ is

A⁻    + H₂O ⇄  HA  +  OH⁻

Kb = [HA] [OH⁻] / [A⁻]

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    choline has different ionization energies in CCl4CCl4Cl, it is more electronegative than C and has a negative oxidation number because it “picks up” an electron in a bond, and in HClOHClO, it is less electronegative than O Therefore, it has a positive oxidation number. Hence "lose". "Electrons in bonds

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