The phylogenetic tree depicted in the question if built using maximum parsimony, contains five evolutionary transitions . These are marked by the alphabets A, B, C, D and E.
phylogenetic tree is a visual representation of the relationship between species, taxa, individual, population, etc.Node is a hypothetical ancestor, usually denotes a speciation or separation eventBranch represents the evolution of a lineageTip is the species, individual, or other entity that we are studyingOperational Taxonomic Units (OTU) is the technical term for the tip in the treeClade is a species, meaning an ancestor, and all of its descendantsMonophyletic is a taxonomic group consisting of all descendants of the group's most recent common ancestor and nothing elseTo know more about phylogenetic tree visit : https://brainly.com/question/13577065
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What vitamin acts as a coenzyme in cell respiration and is important in alcohol fermentation?
Vitamin B1 also known as thiamine acts as a coenzyme in cell respiration and is also important in alcoholic fermentation.
Certain organic compounds are required in small amounts by our bodies but their deficiency of them causes diseases. Such compounds are known as vitamins.
The term vitamin comes from the two words vital and amine because some of them contain an amino group.
The vitamins are named after letters of the English alphabet like A, B, C, D, E, and K.
Vitamin B is of different types like B1, B2, B6, B12, etc.
Out of different types of Vitamin B, Vitamin B1(Thiamine) is the only one that acts as a coenzyme in cell respiration and is also important in alcoholic fermentation.
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List ways in which plants sexually reproduce.
Flowering plants reproduce sexually through a process called pollination. The flowers contain male sex organs called stamens and female sex organs called pistils. The anther is the part of the stamen that contains pollen. This pollen needs to be moved to a part of the p
Scientists sometimes build conceptual models rather than physical models because in some cases it is easier to experiment on a conceptual model than a physical model. true false
It is true that scientists sometimes build conceptual models rather than physical models because in some cases it is easier to experiment on a conceptual model than a physical model.
Conceptual models are ethereal, psychological depictions of proper task execution. In order to systematize processes, people employ conceptual models instinctively and intuitively.
Reasons why the answer is true:
First off, it's because it might occasionally be challenging or impossible to create a physical model of a naturally occurring occurrence. Second, since testing ideas on a conceptual model is sometimes simpler than testing them on a physical one. Thirdly, because in some circumstances conceptual model development is required before physical model construction.
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An organelle in the cytosol of the cell that attaches to mrna and reads the instructions is called a:_________
Consider a protein that is targeted to be excreted to the outside of the plasma membrane. Where would this protein be located in the endoplasmic reticulum?.
Answer: Consider a protein that is targeted to be excreted to the outside of the plasma membrane. Where would this protein be located in the Golgi? It will be embedded in the E.R. membrane with domain X facing the lumen of the E.R.
Explanation:
Molecules composed of a small oligosaccharide covalently linked to a phospholipid are called:__________
Molecules composed of a small oligosaccharide covalently linked to a phospholipid are called: Glycolipids
Glycolipids are lipids containing a glycosidic (covalent) link connecting them to a carbohydrate. Their job is to keep the cell membrane stable and make it easier for cells to recognize one another, which is essential for the immune response and for the connections that allow cells to join together to form tissues. Structured lipids known as glycolipids are typically present on the extracellular face of eukaryotic cell membranes.Glycolipids have a non-polar section connected to the lipid component and a polar head connected to the carbohydrate portion. Glycolipids are a crucial part of eukaryotic cell membranes due to their amphipathic nature, which is when a molecule possesses both hydrophilic and lipophilic qualities.
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The time the cook spends flushing out the chemical irritant released by the onions that caused her eyes to water is an example of:______.
a. task time
b. setup time
c. waiting time
d. processing time
The time the cook spends flushing out the chemical irritant released by the onions that caused her eyes to water is an example of setup time.
The reason why onions make you cry?In the earth, onions develop into bulbs. Voles, which enjoy nibbling on roots, tubers, and bulbs, are among the critters that call the underground abode of the onions their home. Onions have a defence system that is intended to shield them from predators as they grow in order to prevent this from happening. When an onion's skin is damaged, it releases enzymes and sulfonic acid. Propanethial S-oxide, an unpleasant gas, is created when these chemicals mix.
What does lachrymator do?Tear gland irritation makes them continuously release tears, regardless of whether or not there is a desire or feeling to cry. Allyl sulphide is one of the chemical substances generated by onions; it is also found in garlic and spring onions.
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Why did scientists originally hypothesize that proteolytic enzymes such as pepsin and trypsin are secreted in inactive form?.
Scientists originally hypothesized that proteolytic enzymes such as pepsin and trypsin are secreted in inactive form because these proteolytic enzymes, in active form, would digest the very tissues that synthesize them.
Pepsin is a proteolytic enzyme that is made by the chief cells of the stomach. Trypsin is another proteolytic enzyme that is formed by the pancreas and brought to the small intestine at the time of digestion.
The chief cells form pepsin originally as pepsinogen. The pancreas secretes trypsin originally as trypsinogen. As there are various proteins that are present in the chief cells as well as the pancreas, hence making of these enzymes would mean that they will break down the other enzymes and proteins of the very own cells that created them.
Hence, pepsin and trypsin are formed in their inactive forms and are only converted into their active forms at the time of digestion.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
Why did scientists originally hypothesize that proteolytic enzymes such as pepsin and trypsin are secreted in inactive form?
A) These proteolytic enzymes, in active form, would digest the very tissues that synthesize them.
B) They identified the hormone that activates pepsin and trypsin.
C) The stomach is too acidic to maintain these enzymes in their active form.
D) Pepsin and trypsin have never been isolated in their fully activated form.
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What is the difference between autotroph and heterotroph
Answer:
Autotrophs are known as producers because they are able to make their own food from raw materials and energy. Examples include plants, algae, and some types of bacteria. Heterotrophs are known as consumers because they consume producers or other consumers. Dogs, birds, fish, and humans are all examples of heterotrophs.
What is similar for all organisms on Earth?
A. They all produce their own food.
B. They are all multicellular.
C. They all reproduce
D. They are all single-celled.
Answer:
C They All Reproduce...........
Are viruses s living organisms?
Use scientific principles
and knowledge that you
have about the topic to
explain why your
evidence (data) supports
your claim.
In other words, explain
how your data proves
your point?
(paragraph format)
Explanation:
actually virus are both living and non living organisms they are living when they are in a living cell and non living when they are on there own they are in-between the borders of living and non living things
Answer:
Viruses are yet not considered as living. They serve as the border between living and non living.
Explanation:
They are non cellular.They are inert crystalline structured outside a living cell (host cell).They can perform metabolic activities only inside a living cell.They are nucleoproteins covered with a layer of capsid and often infectious.They can be crystallized and will mostly consists of proteins. They have either RNA or DNA.If an organism's single cell does not contain a nucleus, it can only be classified into the Archaea or Bacteria Kingdoms.
options:
True
False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Prokaryotes or unicellular organisms, without a nucleus, are categorized in two different kingdoms: Eubacteria and Archaebacteria or simply, bacteria and archaea, respectively. Sometimes these two kingdoms are also clubbed together as Monera. Unicellular organisms with a nucleus are part of the kingdom Protista.
Methylene blue is the basic dye that we will use to simple stain. what property does a basic dye have that allows it to penetrate a cell?
Different types of cells are frequently stained with methylene blue. Positively charged and a basic dye, methylene blue. When a basic dye is used for staining, it adheres to the cell wall and is referred to as a positive stain since most cells (such as bacteria) have a negative charge in their cell walls.
Therefore, a fundamental dye contains a positive chromophore that enables it to permeate and be effectively absorbed by the cells or organisms being stained and visualized under a microscope.Negatively charged DNA reacts with methylene blue, attracting a basic dye with a positive charge that colors the nucleus of cells.To know more about basic dye visit:
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How would you isolate the serum, and not the plasma, from the blood if you just withdrew a fresh vial of blood from the sheep without adding any anticoagulant?
To isolate the the serum, and not the plasma, from the blood if you just withdrew a fresh vial of blood from the sheep without adding any anticoagulant, you should let the blood sit for 10 minutes, then withdraw the top layer (serum). Hence, option b is correct.
Without using a centrifuge, whole blood can be separated from plasma or serum by simply letting it stand or just sit for about 10 minutes . All of the cells will eventually settle down due to gravity (if time is not the question). The supernatant is the plasma if citrated blood is allowed to stand in a tube.
The serum will eventually separate, though, if you leave the undiluted whole blood to stand. This might not be as useful if you are working with small amounts of blood, but you could still try it.
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Question correction:
How would you isolate serum, and NOT plasma, from the blood if you just withdrew a fresh vial of blood from a sheep without adding any anticoagulant to the blood?
a. Add anticoagulant and let the blood sit for 10 minutes, then withdraw the top layer (serum)
b. Let the blood sit for 10 minutes, then withdraw the top layer (serum)
c. Heat the blood for 10 minutes at 100 °C and collect the serum via a distillation apparatus
d. Freeze/thaw the blood and let the red blood cells lyse, then collect the bottom layer
e. Centrifuge the blood after letting it sit for 10 minutes, and collect the bottom (pellet) for the sera.
What is the smallest number of ultracentrifugation steps necessary to separate nuclei from ribosomes in a cellular lysate?
One step is the minimum required to separate nuclei from ribosomes in a cell lysate by centrifugation.
What is the centrifuge process?It is a technique used to separate homogeneous mixtures.It is a technique that separates materials of different densities.It is a technique that promotes the separation of materials in an agile way.During experiments dealing with molecular biology, centrifugation is essential to promote the separation of biological molecules.
In these experiments, centrifugation is done in a machine, where the scientist can choose the speed at which the centrifugation will be performed. Depending on the speed chosen and the materials centrifuged, only one centrifuge step will be necessary.
An example of this can be seen in centrifugation to separate nuclei from ribosomes in a cellular lysate, where only one step is needed.
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W
Which term matches this definition?
found in all cells and serves as the site for
protein synthesis
A. cytoplasm
B. DNA
C. eukaryote
D. ribosomes
What is a chemical reaction called that builds new and larger molecules from camller starting molecules?
A chemical reaction called that builds new and larger molecules from smaller starting molecules is called anabolism.
In the field of science, anabolism can be described as a process through which larger, complex molecules are made from simpler, smaller molecules. In the body of an organism, the process of anabolism results in the formation of complex biomolecules required for sustaining life.
As opposed to catabolism, the process of anabolism requires energy. In the body, energy in the form of ATP is usually used for the reactions of anabolism to occur.
A simple example of anabolism is the production of proteins from amino acids. Amino acids join together to make long chains in order for the formation of proteins.
Although your question contains a spelling mistake, you might be referring to this question:
What is a chemical reaction called that builds new and larger molecules from smaller starting molecules?
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A study by a watchdog group at georgetown university found that ____ percent of alcohol advertising was more likely to be seen by youths than adults.
a. 10
b. 50
c. 75
d. 25
A study by a watchdog group at georgetown university found that 25 percent of alcohol advertising was more likely to be seen by youths than adults.
Underage drinking:Underage drinking is a serious public health issue in the US. Alcohol, which poses major risks to one's health and safety, is the drug that young people in America use the most frequently. Everyone could be affected by the consequences of underage drinking, regardless of age or past drinking habits. Direct or indirect effects of underage drinking on aggressive behavior, property damage, injuries, violence, and fatalities touch us all. This is a problem that affects many families, not just a few. People between the ages of 12 and 20 consume 4% of the alcohol consumed in the US. Young people drink less frequently than adults, but when they do, they drink more. More than 90% of all alcoholic beverages consumed by young people are consumed in binges.Learn more about the drinking problem with the help of the given link:
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Name 4 of the reasons why experts say teens decisions during the ages of 16-17 may be more dangerous than adults.
Teenagers can be impetuous, illogical, or dangerous at times. At times, it appears that teenagers do not completely comprehend the implications of their acts.
What is adolescence?
Adolescence is a period of growth and development that occurs between childhood and maturity. Adolescents are defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as everyone between the ages of 10 and 19. This age group falls within WHO's definition of young people, which includes those aged 10 to 24.
Adolescence is defined in wider terms that include psychological, social, and moral terrain in addition to the strictly physical components of maturity. Adolescence in these civilizations is essentially equal to the phrase teenagers and refers to the period between the ages of 12 and 20.
Therefore, teenagers occasionally exhibit impulsive, illogical, or harmful behavior. At times, it appears like teenagers do not think things through or completely understand the ramifications of their actions.
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Why do signaling responses that involve changes in proteins already present in the cell?
Protein signalling reactions take milliseconds since they are already present in the cell, but gene expression reactions take hours. This occurs because both the protein and the modifying enzyme needed to change the protein are already present in the cell.
What role do proteins play in cellular signalling?The proteins known as receptors in cells attach to signalling molecules to start a physiological reaction. Different chemicals are unique to certain receptors. Nerve growth factor receptors bind nerve growth factor, insulin receptors bind insulin, dopamine receptors bind dopamine, and so on.
The intracellular receptor is the same in many different types of cells, but the collection of genes that the receptor controls varies depending on the cell type.
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Why did scientists originally hypothesize that proteolytic enzymes such as pepsin and trypsin are secreted in inactive form?.
Scientists originally hypothesize that proteolytic enzymes such as pepsin and trypsin are secreted in an inactive form because these proteolytic enzymes, in active form, would digest the very tissues that synthesize them.
Both pepsin and trypsin are proteolytic enzymes, which means that they are involved in the breakdown of proteins.
Pepsinogen is the inactive form of pepsin. The chief cells of the stomach originally secrete pepsinogen which is then converted into pepsin only when the food arrives in the stomach. Trypsinogen is the inactive form of trypsin, that is secreted by the pancreas. The trypsinogen is converted into trypsin only when it has been transported to the small intestine and when the process of digestion is occurring.
Both these enzymes are secreted in inactive forms because if secreted in their active forms they would digest all the other important proteins of the very cells that are making them. Hence, scientists originally hypothesized that proteolytic enzymes such as pepsin and trypsin are secreted in an inactive form.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
Why did scientists originally hypothesize that proteolytic enzymes such as pepsin and trypsin are secreted in inactive form?
A) These proteolytic enzymes, in active form, would digest the very tissues that synthesize them.
B) They identified the hormone that activates pepsin and trypsin.
C) The stomach is too acidic to maintain these enzymes in their active form.
D) Pepsin and trypsin have never been isolated in their fully activated form.
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please help, i need to finish by tonight!!
Cellular respiration uses _______ and ________ to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy.
Answer: glucose and oxygen.
Explanation:
If your doctor told you that you are suffering from a dysfunction in a ______, you would know the relevant structure was in the central nervous system.
The correct answer is Tract.
The nervous system divides somatosensory experience into stimulus fragments distributed across body parts, reducing it to parallel streams of neural activity. So how does one feel "one" with their body, and how does one recognize an object by touching it? This is possible because the parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex is where somatosensory information converges to provide one a coherent impression of the body and of somatosensory stimuli.
The fundamental structure of the somatosensory system and how somatosensory information is represented and processed in the parietal cortex will be covered in more detail in the first section of this chapter. Clinical evaluations of somatosensory function will make use of this knowledge of the overall structure of the somatosensory pathways. a neuron
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How will energy from food, temperature, and electrical power be cycled through your biosphere?.
An ecosystem, also known as an ecological system, is made up of all the organisms
The bodily putting in which they stay. The nutrition cycles and strength flows connect those biotic and abiotic elements. Photosynthesis is how strength enters the device and is absorbed by plant tissue. Animals play a full-size element in the switch of substances and strength thru the device through ingesting plant life and each other. they also have an impact on the biomass levels of the microbial and plant communities.in addition to facilitating nutrient biking with the aid of reworking vitamins held in dead biomass back into a form that can be without difficulty utilized by vegetation and microorganisms, decomposers also release carbon into the atmosphere through the breakdown of useless organic remember. each inner and external impacts affect ecosystems. outside variables that don't at once affect an ecosystem, which include topography, parent fabric that creates the soil, and climate, control the environment's well known shape. internal variables are controlled
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While playing on the playground, a student accidentally gets kicked in the finger at a joint. She feels pain right away, and when she touches it, she can feel liquid moving around. What might have happened? The kick popped a bursa at that joint. Her dura mater separated from her pia mater. The kick tore the visceral layer of her synovial membrane. Her organs increased friction due to decreased serous fluid.
Answer: The kick popped a bursa at that joint.
Explanation: it just is
Richard feels that the increasing use of fuels such a coal or diesel to generate electricity are leading to pollution in his neighborhood. He therefore decides to use solar energy as a source for generating electricity. Which device should Richard use?
The potential for solar energy is the highest of all the available renewable energy sources. The two main solar energy technologies are concentrated solar-thermal power (CSP) and photovoltaics (PV) (CSP).
Unlike fossil fuels, which will eventually run out, the sun has more than enough energy to supply the demands of the entire planet. The sole constraint on solar energy as a renewable resource is our capacity to efficiently and economically convert it to electricity. Some energy sources, as opposed to fossil fuels, are entirely renewable and don't release greenhouse gases. Solar energy, hydropower, wind, geothermal, and biomass energy are some of these green and sustainable alternative energy sources. The energy sources that are now available are quickly running out due to the rising demand for energy. Large-scale fuel use results in the release of many gases and undesirable airborne particulates.
Advantages:
The fact that solar energy is a completely renewable energy source is the most significant advantage of solar panels among all its other advantages.
Diverse ApplicationsLower Electricity Bills Low costs of maintenanceTechnological advancement.Learn more about Renewable energy sources
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What path does a protein in the secretory pathway take, starting from its site of synthesis?.
Every protein starts its production in the cytoplasm. However, some are moved to other cellular locations while the majority remain there permanently. Post-translational transport may be used to import them into the mitochondrion, peroxisome, chloroplast, and nucleus.
Beginning with the intake of amino acids, which are utilized by the rough endoplasmic reticulum to create freshly produced proteins, the secretory route proceeds in a vectorial fashion. The Golgi complex receives these new proteins and processes and sorts them there. Protein cargo is transported from the ER to the Golgi, where it is altered before being transferred to various locations inside the cell, such as the lysosomes and the cell surface. Proteins produced by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are processed in the Golgi before being sent to the cell.learn more about protein here: https://brainly.com/question/10058019
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Which of the following is an example of evidence from comparative embryology that supports biological evolution?
Different species with similar development patterns
Similar species with different geographic distributions
Different species with similar metabolic processes
Similar species with different reproduction mechanisms
Answer: Similar species with different geographic distributions
Explanation:
What two forces control elution time of oligonucleotide in capillary electrophoresis?
Analytes migrate across electrolyte solutions using Capillary electrophoresis procedures while being influenced by an electric field. Analytes can be divided by non-covalent interactions into different phases or according to ionic mobility.
Gradients in conductivity and pH can also be used to concentrate or "focus" analytes.
With the aid of an applied voltage, the analytical method of capillary electrophoresis separates ions according to their electrophoretic mobility. The charge of the molecule, viscosity, and atom radius all affect electrophoretic mobility.A separation method called capillary electrophoresis (CE) divides molecules into groups based on their size and charge in an electric field. CE is carried out in an electrolyte solution-filled capillary, a tiny glass tube used for the procedure.To know more capillary electrophoresis visit:
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Match them with the answers please and thank you brainless will be gives to the right person
Answer:
1) Alkali earth metals, group 2 - not as soft as Alkali metals. Reactive metals, but not as reactive as Alkali metals.
2) Nobel Gases, group 18 - Very unreactive nonmetals.
3) Alkali metals, group 1 - very reactive and soft metals.
4) Halogens, group 17 - very reactive nonmetals.
