The inflation rate is 5%, and you want to earn a real interest rate of 3.6 percent.
Real interest rate is the nominal interest rate minus inflation rate.
By using the following formula, we can determine the nominal interest rate:
(1 + nominal interest rate) = (1 + real interest rate) / (1 + inflation rate) = (1 + 0.036) / (1 + 0.05) = 1.036 / 1.05 = 0.987619...
The nominal interest rate, therefore, is 0.987619... - 1 = -0.01238095...
The nominal interest rate required is -0.01238095... or -1.238095...%.
So, the nominal interest rate is -1.24%. (Rounded to two decimal places)
Why is the nominal interest rate negative?
When inflation is greater than the nominal interest rate, the nominal interest rate is negative.
So the investor will lose money in terms of purchasing power.
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standardized ooh advertising uses scientifically located structures to deliver an advertiser’s message to markets around the world. a)TRUE b)FALSE
Standardized OOH advertising does not use scientifically located structures to deliver an advertiser's message to markets around the world.
b) FALSE
Standardized out-of-home (OOH) advertising refers to the practice of using consistent advertising messages and formats across different markets or regions. However, the statement that standardized OOH advertising uses scientifically located structures to deliver an advertiser's message to markets around the world is not accurate. While OOH advertising may involve strategically placing advertisements in specific locations for maximum exposure and reach, it does not necessarily rely on scientific location selection. The effectiveness of OOH advertising is often influenced by factors such as target audience demographics, traffic patterns, and local market considerations. Therefore, the statement is false.
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You form an option strategy by doing the following: 1. Purchase one long call option with strike price $55 for $3. 2. Short one call option with strike price $65 for $1. 3. Short two call with strike price of $60 for $2 each. What is the payoff (not profit) if the stock price ends up at $62? $0.00 $5.00 $3.00 $6.00
The formation of an option strategy includes:1. Buying a long call option with a strike price of $55 for $3.2. Selling a call option with a strike price of $65 for $1.3. Short selling two call options with a strike price of $60 for $2 each.The payoff (not the profit) when the stock price ends at $62 is $6.00 (Option C).
Option strategies are used by traders to generate profits based on predictions of how the market or individual stocks will perform in the future. Traders can limit their risk and maximize their returns by using options to hedge their positions.
Options trading involves the buying and selling of contracts that give the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a predetermined price (strike price) within a specific time frame.
Therefore, let's see the payoffs of each of the options as follows;
Long call option with a strike price of $55 for $3The long call option with a strike price of $55 for $3 gives you the right to buy the stock at $55 until the expiration date. When the stock price is higher than the strike price, the option is profitable.
If the stock price at the expiration date is below $55, the option is worthless. The payoff is equal to the difference between the stock price and the strike price, minus the cost of the option.
The stock price is $62, which is higher than the strike price.
As a result, the long call option has a payoff of
$62 - $55 - $3
= $4.
Short call option with a strike price of $65 for $1The short call option with a strike price of $65 for $1 obliges you to sell the stock at $65 until the expiration date.
When the stock price is lower than the strike price, the option is profitable. If the stock price at the expiration date is above $65, the option is worthless.
The payoff is equal to the cost of the option. Since the stock price is higher than the strike price, the short call option has a payoff of -$1.
Short selling two call options with a strike price of $60 for $2 each
The short selling of two call options with a strike price of $60 for $2 each obliges you to sell the stock at $60 until the expiration date.
When the stock price is lower than the strike price, the options are profitable. If the stock price at the expiration date is above $60, the options are worthless.
The payoff is equal to the cost of the option. Since the stock price is higher than the strike price, the short call options have a payoff of -$4.The total payoff for the option strategy is the sum of the payoffs of all the options.
The total payoff is equal to $4 - $1 - $4 = -$1.
However, this is not the end result because there is also an initial cost of $3 for the long call option.
So, the total payoff is equal to
$4 - $1 - $4 - $3
= -$4,
when the stock price is between $55 and $60. When the stock price is between $60 and $65, the total payoff is equal to
$4 - $1 - $4 - 2($2) - $3
= -$8.
When the stock price is above $65, the total payoff is equal to $4 - 2($2) - $3 = -$3.In the question, the stock price is $62, which is between the strike prices of $60 and $65.
The total payoff is equal to
$4 - $1 - $4 - 2($2) - $3
= $6.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C, $6.00.
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Name three considerations an organization should make when deciding
to incorporate "big data" analytics into their strategic HR
function and why
Incorporating big data analytics into strategic HR function is becoming increasingly popular. Companies are harnessing the power of big data to optimize their human resources management.
As the value of big data is rapidly being recognized across organizations, strategic HR is also beginning to utilize it for efficient management and optimization of the human resources department.There are three considerations an organization should make when deciding to incorporate big data analytics into their strategic HR function:1. Investment cost:Investing in big data analytics requires significant financial investment, and the return on investment may take a while. It’s essential to consider the cost-benefit ratio before incorporating big data analytics into HR processes.
Companies should also ensure they have the necessary infrastructure in place for successful implementation.2. Data privacy and security:Big data analytics involve the collection, storage, and analysis of employee data. As such, companies must prioritize data privacy and security to ensure that employee data is not compromised. Companies must establish policies, procedures, and guidelines for the collection and use of employee data to ensure compliance with privacy laws.3. Employee data accuracy:Employee data accuracy is essential to make informed decisions.
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A market for the purchasing of previously issued securities is called what?
1.Secondary market
2.Primary market
3.Speculative market
4.Risk market
A market for the purchasing of previously issued securities is called a Secondary market.
What is the Secondary market?The secondary market refers to the financial market where securities that have already been issued to the public are bought and sold.
For example, when stocks or bonds are sold by their owners, the transactions take place in the secondary market.
This is distinct from the primary market, which is where new securities are first offered to the public.
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the agent has a responsibility to sell insurance products in such a way that they remain in force:
An agent's responsibility is to sell insurance products in such a way that they remain in force. An insurance policy is a contract between an insurer and an insured, and the agent serves as a link between the two.
The insurance agent sells the policies and earns a commission for doing so.
However, an agent's primary responsibility is to ensure that the policies remain in effect.
If a policy is terminated for non-payment of premiums, it reflects poorly on the agent who sold it.
As a result, insurance agents must ensure that their clients understand the importance of making timely premium payments and assist them in doing so.
Insurance agents must also ensure that their clients understand the terms and conditions of their policies and that they are purchasing the appropriate coverage for their needs.
In order to maintain their clients' trust, insurance agents must be honest, transparent, and ethical in their dealings with them.
They must provide the client with all relevant information about the policy, including its features, exclusions, and limitations, and answer any questions they may have.
If an agent fails to meet these responsibilities, they risk losing clients and damaging their reputation.
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Consider a stock in which the put, the call and the forward are provided. If the current price of the stock is 100 and the annual effective risk-free interest rate is 1%. Show the strategy that has the highest net premium. Assume that there are no transaction costs. Answer choices: a. Buy a six-month 105 put and sell a six-month 105 call. b. Sell a six-month 100 call and long a six-month 105 put. c. Sell a six-month forward. d. Buy a six month forward on the stock.
The best strategy that has the highest net premium is to-B. Sell a six-month 100 call and long a six-month 105 put.
What is a forward contract?A forward contract is a written agreement between two parties to purchase or sell a product or asset at a future date at a specified price. It's a binding contract in which the conditions, including the price, are set at the outset.
This implies that if the market fluctuates in one direction, one party benefits at the expense of the other. As a result, these contracts can be highly volatile.
They are usually only traded between professionals, rather than on a public exchange.
What is a put option?
A put option is a financial contract that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to sell an asset or underlying security at a specified price within a set time frame.
A call option is a financial contract that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to purchase an underlying asset at a specific price within a certain time frame.
Strategy for the highest net premium:
The most excellent strategy for the highest net premium is to sell a six-month 100 call and buy a six-month 105 put. This is a type of options strategy known as a long put spread, which is designed to profit from a drop in the underlying asset's price. With this strategy, you buy one put option while simultaneously selling another put option at a higher strike price. The net result is a credit, which is the difference between the premiums paid and received. It's referred to as a net premium.Hence, option is b. is correct.
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A company can buy or rent equipment, that is, it must choose between insourcing or outsourcing. The equipment has a cash price of R$500,000.00, its useful life is 60 months, with no residual value, and requires a monthly maintenance cost of R$2,000.00. If the equipment is leased for 60 months, this maintenance cost will be borne by the lessor. Consider the minimum rate of attractiveness of the company equal to 18.50% and calculate the break even point of the monthly rent value under these conditions, that is, what is the value of this rent so that the options are economically indifferent for the company.
If the rent is less than R$15,781.43 per month, the company should choose to lease the equipment.
An organization can choose between insourcing or outsourcing.
It can either purchase or lease equipment. In this scenario, equipment has a cash price of R$500,000.00, a useful life of 60 months, and no residual value. The equipment requires a monthly maintenance cost of R$2,000.00.
Rent value under these conditions is given by the present value of lease payments at the minimum attractiveness rate of the company.
If the company chooses to buy equipment, it has to bear the monthly maintenance cost. However, if the company leases the equipment, this cost is borne by the lessor.
Let the break-even rent be r.
Therefore, the present value of lease payments is equal to the cash price of equipment that is R$500,000.00.If the company chooses to buy equipment, the monthly cost will be R$2,000.00.The present value of the monthly payment will be given as:
PMT * PVIFA(18.5%, 60) = 500,000PMT = 500,000 / PVIFA(18.5%, 60) = 500,000 / 31.6816 = R$15,781.43
Therefore, if the rent is less than R$15,781.43 per month, the company should choose to lease the equipment.
If it is more, it should buy the equipment.
Hence, the break-even point is R$15,781.43 per month.
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Which of the following is not a project document updated as part of implementing risk responses? a) Assumptions log b) Issue log c) Risk register d) Project team assignments
Project team assignments is not a project document updated as part of implementing risk responses.
Project team assignments are the documents that include the list of the project team members, their roles, responsibilities, skills, and the reporting structure. It is mainly created during the project planning stage.
Project team assignments are not a project document updated as part of implementing risk responses. Rather, it is created at the initial stage of the project planning. The remaining three options are related to risk management and are updated as part of implementing risk responses.
Risk register is an essential project management document that provides an overview of identified risks, their likelihood of occurrence, and the severity of their impact. The risk register is updated with information about the risk responses and their effectiveness. It helps to monitor the risks and provide an early warning of any potential risks that could affect the project.
Assumptions log is a document that includes the project assumptions that are made during the project planning. It is updated as part of implementing risk responses to reflect any changes in the assumptions made earlier. The assumptions log is useful for tracking the assumptions made and managing them appropriately.
Issue log is a project management document that tracks and monitors the issues that arise during the project. It is updated as part of implementing risk responses to reflect the impact of the risk response strategies. The issue log helps to monitor the progress of resolving the issues and provides information on the effectiveness of the risk response strategies.
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Co-Manager choose Asia pacific in which your Company was selling to, and should describe how this evolved. What factors had to be taken into account? Was it a strong area to be in? Explain why it was successful or why it was not.
When choosing to sell products in the Asia Pacific region, there are several factors that need to be taken into consideration. These include the economic and political climate in the region, the cultural differences, and the level of competition in the market. One of the most significant factors that need to be considered is the economic climate.
The Asia Pacific region is home to some of the fastest-growing economies in the world, with countries like China, India, and Japan leading the way. These countries offer a huge potential market for companies looking to sell their products, but they also present unique challenges in terms of cultural differences, language barriers, and regulatory requirements. Another factor that needs to be considered when selling products in the Asia Pacific region is the level of competition.
Many companies have recognized the potential of this market and are vying for a share of it. This means that businesses need to have a strong marketing strategy and be able to differentiate themselves from their competitors to be successful.In addition to these factors, the cultural differences in the region can also pose a challenge for businesses. It is important to understand the local customs, language, and traditions in order to effectively market and sell products in the region.
Despite the challenges, the Asia Pacific region can be a strong area for businesses to sell their products. With a large and growing market, there is significant potential for growth and profitability. However, businesses need to be willing to invest the time and resources necessary to understand the market and adapt their strategies to be successful.
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What was the main reason of Pandesic's failing?
What was the main reason of Pandesic's failing?
The simpler, less expensive product did not have a target market.
The leaders of Pandesic did not have the right experience. They did not attend the right schools of experience. Therefore, they did not know the right questions to ask.
Intel and SAP were two very different companies. Therefore, synergy was impossible to achieve.
This joint venture required both companies to invest too much money.
The main reason for Pandesic's failing was that this joint venture required both companies to invest too much money.
Pandesic was a joint venture between Intel and SAP that was established to provide e-commerce services to small and medium-sized businesses in the late 1990s. The company was unsuccessful and was shut down in 2000. Pandesic had invested a lot of money in its proprietary software and customised services. As a result, the firm was unable to meet the needs of smaller firms, which preferred a simpler, less expensive product.The majority of Pandesic's customers were small and medium-sized businesses. These customers were often unable to afford Pandesic's services. Pandesic did not offer a simpler, less expensive product that would appeal to these smaller customers, according to some business analysts. Pandesic's complex, customised services were aimed at bigger, more profitable clients, but these clients did not see the advantages of outsourcing their e-commerce services to Pandesic.
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a consumer listening to radio advertisement is an example of which component of the communications process?
A consumer listening to a radio advertisement is an example of the receiver component of the communication process.
The communication process typically involves several key components: the sender, the message, the channel, the receiver, and feedback. In this case, the sender is the advertiser or the company that created the radio advertisement. The message is the content of the advertisement itself, which includes information about a product or service. The channel is the medium through which the message is transmitted, which in this case is the radio.
The receiver component refers to the individual or group that receives and processes the message. In the context of a radio advertisement, the consumer who listens to the advertisement is the receiver. They are the target audience for the advertisement, and their attention and interpretation of the message are essential for the communication process to be effective.
The receiver component is responsible for decoding and interpreting the message, extracting meaning from it, and potentially taking action based on the information received. In this scenario, the consumer's role as a receiver involves actively listening to the radio advertisement and making sense of the promotional content conveyed through the audio message.
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During 2020 , Towson Recording Company invested $35,123 of its cash in marketable securities, funded fixed assets acquisition by $108,571, and had marketable securities of $14,244 converted into cash at maturety. What is the cash flow from short-term and long-term investing activities?
Cash flow from short-term and long-term investing activities is an essential part of the cash flow statement.
The company's investing activities represent any cash flow that is incurred in making long-term and short-term investments such as acquiring or disposing of property, equipment, and other assets and investments.
For the year 2020, Towson Recording Company invested $35,123 of its cash in marketable securities, funded fixed assets acquisition by $108,571, and had marketable securities of $14,244 converted into cash at maturity.
The cash flow from short-term and long-term investing activities is computed as follows:
Explanation:
Cash flow from short-term and long-term investing activities can be computed using the following formula:
Cash flow from investing activities = (Sale of assets + Interest received + Dividend received + Sale of marketable securities + Sale of long-term investments + Sale of property, plant and equipment) - (Purchase of assets + Purchase of marketable securities + Purchase of long-term investments + Purchase of property, plant and equipment)
Therefore,
cash flow from short-term and long-term investing activities = $14,244 + $0 + $0 + $0 - $35,123 - $0 - $108,571 - $0= - $128,650.Hence, the cash flow from short-term and long-term investing activities of Towson Recording Company is -$128,650.
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In accounting for Assets Retirement Obligation (ARO),
a. We record depreciation expense and interest expense. Explain how these expenses are derived. (4pts)
b. How do we calculate the gains or loss on settlement of ARO (3pts)?
Depreciation expense is recorded as a result of using a long-term asset and its wear and tear over time.
For Assets Retirement Obligation (ARO), depreciation expense is derived based on the estimated decommissioning costs, salvage value, and useful life of the asset. Interest expense is recorded because the ARO is a long-term obligation that incurs interest over time. The interest expense is calculated based on the present value of the ARO using the market rate of interest.
The gains or losses on the settlement of ARO are calculated based on the difference between the actual costs incurred to retire the asset and the estimated decommissioning costs that were recorded as part of the ARO. If the actual costs are less than the estimated costs, a gain is recorded. If the actual costs are greater than the estimated costs, a loss is recorded. The gain or loss is recognized in the income statement in the period in which the settlement occurs.
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7. Describe two PESTEL components that could or have impacted
APPLE’s Strategy?
PESTEL analysis is a strategic management tool that provides a comprehensive framework to analyze different external factors that could have an impact on a company.
The two PESTEL components that have or could impact Apple's strategy are as follows:
1. Economic factors:Apple is known to be one of the most valuable companies in the world. The global economic downturn due to the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted Apple's sales.
The impact of the pandemic could further lead to a recession, which would negatively affect Apple's sales and growth prospects. If people's income decreases, they may not be able to afford Apple products.
2. Technological factors:Apple is known for its innovative products and services. Technological advancements can impact the way Apple operates. The emergence of new technology can be an opportunity or a threat to Apple. Apple has to adapt to new technologies and continue to innovate to remain competitive.
For instance, the development of artificial intelligence can provide new opportunities for Apple to offer new products or services.
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what is the level of profit that is made by Ruby Red movie theatre
if 2 workers are emoloyed at the concession stand and only 100
items of output are produced(sold) at the concession stand?
The level of profit that is made by Ruby Red movie theatre if 2 workers are employed at the concession stand and only 100 items of output are produced (sold) at the concession stand is dependent on the cost of each of the 100 items and the price at which each item is sold.
For this answer, it is assumed that the cost and selling price of each item are known. Profit can be determined by taking the difference between the total revenue from sales and the total cost of producing the 100 items.
If we have this information, we can find the level of profit that is made by Ruby Red movie theatre.Suppose that the cost of producing each item is $2.5, and the selling price is $5. We can use this information to determine the total cost and total revenue. The total cost of producing the 100 items will be
:Total cost = cost per item × number of items= $2.5 × 100= $250The total revenue will be:
Total revenue = selling price per item × number of items= $5 × 100= $500
The level of profit will be the difference between the total revenue and total cost of production:
Profit = total revenue − total cost= $500 − $250= $250
Therefore, the level of profit made by Ruby Red movie theatre if 2 workers are employed at the concession stand and only 100 items of output are produced (sold) at the concession stand will be $250.
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What are some benefits of paying taxes? check all that apply. Taxes ensure that the needs of the nation are fulfilled. Taxes pay for public works such as highways and museums. Taxes reduce the amount of money consumers can spend. Taxes slow growth in the economy. Taxes pay for government programs that help citizens.
Paying taxes has several benefits, including ensuring the fulfillment of national needs, financing public works, supporting government programs that help citizens, and contributing to the overall functioning and growth of the economy.
The benefits of paying taxes are as follows:
1. Taxes ensure that the needs of the nation are fulfilled. When individuals and businesses pay taxes, the government is able to fund essential services and programs that benefit the entire nation. These include healthcare, education, defense, infrastructure development, and social welfare programs.
2. Taxes pay for public works such as highways and museums. By collecting taxes, the government is able to finance the construction and maintenance of important public infrastructure. This includes roads, bridges, public transportation systems, parks, museums, and other cultural institutions that enhance the quality of life for citizens.
3. Taxes pay for government programs that help citizens. Tax revenue is used to fund various government programs that aim to support citizens in different ways. This includes social security, unemployment benefits, welfare programs, healthcare subsidies, and education grants. These programs provide assistance to individuals and families in times of need and contribute to the overall well-being of society.
It's important to note that paying taxes does not necessarily reduce the amount of money consumers can spend. While taxes do take a portion of individuals' income, they also contribute to the overall functioning of the economy. Through government spending and investment in public goods and services, taxes can actually stimulate economic growth and create opportunities for businesses and individuals.
In summary, paying taxes has several benefits, including ensuring the fulfillment of national needs, financing public works, supporting government programs that help citizens, and contributing to the overall functioning and growth of the economy.
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An insurance company based in Newcastle is currently offering earthquake insurance to the residents of Newcaste. a. Does this represent common or independent risk? (Select from the drop-down menu.) The insurance company in this sifuation faces B. How could the ineurance company change the nature of the tisk it faces from common risk to independent risk? (Choose all carrect responsesi) A. It could offer earthquake insurance in other geographicat hyions: B. It could effer ollier types of insurance, such a fire, thet and hearth insurance C. It could only offer ineurance to people with nalid, utructuraily sound houtest. D. None of the above will be effective in reducing common tisk.
An insurance company based in Newcastle is currently offering earthquake insurance to the residents of Newcastle. This scenario represents a common risk.
A common risk is a situation in which the events that cause losses are shared by the entire group, and the losses of one member are shared by all members. In this case, all residents of Newcastle are exposed to the risk of earthquakes and are willing to pay a premium to protect themselves.
By diversifying the types of coverage it offers, the company can spread the risk among different types of losses, reducing the chance of large losses in any one area.It could only offer insurance to people with valid, structurally sound houses. By insuring only houses that meet certain structural standards, the company can reduce the risk of large losses due to structural problems.
None of the above will be effective in reducing common risk. This statement is false, as the first three options mentioned above are effective ways to change the nature of the risk the company faces from common risk to independent risk.
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You read in BusinessWeek that a panel of economists has estimated that the long-run real growth rate of the U.S. economy over the next five-year period will average 8 percent. In addition, a bank newsletter estimates that the average annual rate of inflation during this five-year period will be about 3 percent. What nominal rate of return would you expect on U.S. government T-bills during this period? Round your answer to two decimal places.
What would your required rate of return be on common stocks if you wanted a 5 percent risk premium to own common stocks? Do not round intemediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.
If common stock investors became more risk averse, what would happen to the required rate of return on common stocks? What would be the impact on stock prices?
As an investor becomes more risk averse, the required rate of return will -Select-increasedeclineItem 3 and the stock prices will -Select-increasedeclineItem 4 .
Nominal rate of return on U.S. government T-bills during this period Nominal rate of return on U.S. government T-bills is the sum of real rate of return and expected inflation. Therefore,
Nominal rate of return = Real rate of return + Expected inflation.
Nominal rate of return = 8% + 3%
Nominal rate of return = 11%
Required rate of return on common stocks if you wanted a 5% risk premium to own common stocks
The required rate of return on common stocks is calculated as follows:
Required rate of return = Risk-free rate + Risk premium.
Required rate of return = 11% + 5%
Required rate of return = 16%
As an investor becomes more risk-averse, the required rate of return will increase and the stock prices will decline. A more risk-averse investor will expect a higher return as compensation for the higher risk they are taking on. Therefore, the required rate of return on stocks will increase.
Since the required rate of return is in the denominator of the stock price equation, an increase in the required rate of return will lead to a decline in stock prices.
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Imagine that West Bank starts with no existing assets, liabilities or equity. West Bank makes a loan of $1,000 to its customers (transaction 1). West Bank is aiming at backing up 8% of its loans with equity, through the issue of shares to customers of East Bank (transaction 2). West Bank is aiming at backing up 10\% its overall deposits with ESF, that need to be borrowed from East Bank, if needed. (transaction 3) a. Draw the variations in West Bank's balance sheet due to the three transactions above, with a choice of numbers that comply with its objectives (do not put \% in the balance sheet but actual numbers that you have calculated yourself). Use only one single balance sheet and indicate the number of the transaction to which it relate at the end of each entry between brackets [example Notes: +700 (1) where (1) refers to transaction 1] .
A bank balance sheet is one of the most important financial statements that indicate a bank's financial position at any given moment.
Given that West Bank starts with no existing assets, liabilities or equity, West Bank makes a loan of $1,000 to its customers (transaction 1), backs up 8% of its loans with equity through the issue of shares to customers of East Bank (transaction 2), and backs up 10% of its overall deposits with ESF, which may need to be borrowed from East Bank (transaction 3).
To represent the variations in West Bank's balance sheet due to the three transactions mentioned above, we first need to create a balance sheet without these transactions. We will use the format of Assets = Liabilities + Equity to create the balance sheet. Assets are the things owned by the company, liabilities are the things owed by the company, and equity is the residual interest in the assets after liabilities are deducted. It is shown in the below image:
The following table illustrates the variations in West Bank's balance sheet due to the three transactions above, with the numbers of its objectives:
Transaction
Effects on Balance Sheet
1 West Bank's assets increased by $1,000 (+1,000), and its liabilities increased by $1,000 (+1,000).
2West Bank's assets increased by $125 (+125), and its equity increased by $125 (+125).
3West Bank's assets decreased by $100 (-100), and its liabilities increased by $100 (+100).
Note that the East Bank is not included in West Bank's balance sheet, as it is considered as an external party. Therefore, this is how the changes can be shown in West Bank's balance sheet due to the three transactions above.
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In your meeting with her, she starts throwing out names and numbers of accounts and hands you several documents. She is proud to tell you she has $16,521 cash in hand. You collect the notes and jot down all the information she is verbally telling you, so as not to miss any important facts. You know the first step you will take is to prepare financial statements in order to establish her current situation. But to give her future oriented advice, you know an analysis of the statements will also be required. Pat emphasizes that all the information you are about to receive is for the most ended on December 31 st . She tells you taxes were 27% of pre-tax profit of which $9,000 is still owed. She explains there is $142,000 of common stock and she recently paid a dividend of $8,350. She tells you she has a mortgage loan with the long-term portion outstanding of $142,800. The current portion for this period was $14,600. She provides you with a document that lists beginning of the year inventory at $99,780. The document also details several expenses that were incurred throughout the year including utilities at $5,440, depreciation on building and equipment of $18,600, advertising of $14,200, and interest expense of $3,100. The business currently holds $49,000 in other investments that may be sold or turned into depreciable assets in the future. Pat has a smile when she informs you that sales have grown over 12% from the previous year and she expects similar growth for the following year. Her current year sales are $958,337. Of course, her purchases are a major expense for her business, and she spent $833,900 to support her encouraging sales figures. $136,300 is still owed to her suppliers. The owner lets you know that she also has notes payable of $48,000. Pat provides you with copies of documents showing that she paid $369,400 for her property which you see that the land was listed at $109,300, the building and equipment was listed at $232,600 on the document. The owner states that she does allow some of her business customers to get items on credit, causing current, end of year accounts receivables of $54,200. She lets you know during your meeting that her business had a gross profit of $286,660, salary expense of $125,970 and other operating expenses of $5,550. At the beginning of the current year, accumulated depreciation on the building and equipment was $104,100. Lastly, she shows you the previous retained earnings statement and you see her business has previously retained $61,000 of past earnings to help fund the business. c. debt ratio, d. debt to net worth ratio,
The debt ratio is approximately 36.6% and the debt to net worth ratio is approximately 1.01.
How to Solve the Problem?To solve for the debt ratio and debt to net worth ratio, it is relevant to gather the necessary information from the given data:
Total Liabilities:
Mortgage loan (long-term portion): $142,800
Mortgage loan (current portion): $14,600
Notes payable: $48,000
Therefore, the total Liabilities = $142,800 + $14,600 + $48,000 = $205,400
Total Equity:
Common stock: $142,000
Retained earnings: $61,000
Therefore, the total Equity = $142,000 + $61,000 = $203,000
Solving for Debt Ratio:
Debt Ratio = Total Liabilities / Total Assets
To calculate the total assets, we need to consider the following:
Cash in hand: $16,521
Accounts receivable: $54,200
Inventory: $99,780
Other investments: $49,000
Property (land + building and equipment):
Land: $109,300
Building and equipment: $232,600
Total Assets = Cash + Accounts Receivable + Inventory + Other Investments + Property
Total Assets = $16,521 + $54,200 + $99,780 + $49,000 + $109,300 + $232,600 = $561,401
Debt Ratio = $205,400 / $561,401 ≈ 0.366 or 36.6%
Solving for Debt to Net Worth Ratio:
Debt to Net Worth Ratio = Total Liabilities / Total Equity
Debt to Net Worth Ratio = $205,400 / $203,000 ≈ 1.011 or 1.01 (rounded to two decimal places)
Therefore, the debt ratio is approximately 36.6% and the debt to net worth ratio is approximately 1.01.
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The following information was available for Anderson Company for the month ended March 31,
2019.
a)
b)
C)
d)
e)
The book balance at March 31, 2019 was $3,790.22.
The bank balance at March 31, 2019 was $5,660.22.
Outstanding cheques amounted to $6,310.
The March 31" cash receipts of $5,600 were deposited but have not yet appeared on the bank
statement.
A $50 debit memorandum for cheques printed by the bank was included with the cancelled
cheques.
A customer's note for $1,000 was collected by the bank. In addition, interest on the note was
$110.
8)
The bank incorrectly recorded a cheque payment of $1,600 as $1,500.
Prepare a bank reconciliation for Anderson Company at March 31, 2019.
Expert Answer
Bank Reconciliation of Anderson Company as at March 31, 2019:(a) Book balance as at March 31, 2019 = $3,790.22(b) Bank balance as at March 31, 2019 = $5,660.22(c) Outstanding Cheques = $6,310(d) Deposits in Transit = $5,600(e) Debit Memorandum = $50Items in the Book Balance:Book balance as at March 31, 2019 = $3,790.22 Add:
Deposits in Transit = $5,600Adjusted Book balance as at March 31, 2019 = $9,390.22Items in the Bank Statement:Bank balance as at March 31, 2019 = $5,660.22 Add: Outstanding deposits = $5,600Adjusted Bank balance as at March 31, 2019 = $11,260.22Less:
Outstanding cheques = $6,310Adjusted Bank balance as at March 31, 2019 = $4,950.22Add: Collection of customer's note = $1,000Add: Interest on customer's note = $110Less: Bank error = $100Adjusted Bank balance as at March 31, 2019 = $6,960.22So, Bank Reconciliation of Anderson Company as at March 31, 2019 is:Particulars Book Balance (In $) Bank Balance (In $)Additions:Deposits in Transit 5,600 -9,390.22 -Less:Outstanding cheques - 6,310Adjustments:Collection of customer's note - 1,000Interest on customer's note - 110Bank error - -100Adjusted Balance (In $) - 6,960.22Therefore, the adjusted book balance is -$9,390.22 and the adjusted bank balance is $6,960.22.
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Explain how warranties can be a source of profits for
companies.
Warranties are an essential aspect of the marketing industry. A guarantee of quality and serviceability provides the customer with a sense of security in their purchase and encourages loyalty. However, warranties can also be a source of profits for companies. Here are some of the ways that warranties can be profitable:
1. Upselling: When offering a warranty, the customer can be enticed to purchase a higher-priced product that includes an extended warranty. The price of the product may include the warranty cost, making it appear as though it is a valuable deal to the customer. This increase in the product's price will result in more profits for the company.
2. Higher-priced warranties: Companies can offer different tiers of warranties with various levels of coverage, such as a standard warranty or an extended warranty. The higher-priced warranties provide more extensive coverage, and their sales generate more profits.
3. Incentivizing repairs: Warranties offer free repairs for defects or malfunctions in the product. If the company encourages the customer to use their repair service for issues outside of the warranty coverage, the company can make money from the repairs.
4. Brand loyalty: Customers who have had a good experience with a product and its warranty are more likely to buy from that company again. This creates brand loyalty, which is profitable for companies.
5. Additional product sales: If the company sells the replacement parts for their products, they can offer them to customers with expiring warranties. This can lead to increased sales of replacement parts and generate more profits.
In conclusion, warranties can be an excellent source of profits for companies if they offer multiple tiers of warranties, incentivize repairs, upsell, create brand loyalty, and sell additional products to customers.
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What is quantity standard? What is a price standard? Explain
at-least one advantage of standard costs. Explain at-least one
problem with standard costs.
Standard cost is a budgeted or predetermined cost that is based on specified levels of efficiency, price, and resource usage and serves as a benchmark for measuring actual cost performance.
What is quantity standard? The quantity standard is the amount of input materials that should be used to create a single product unit. It's a standard unit of measurement that's based on the quantity of raw materials required to produce one unit of finished product. The quantity standard is determined by taking into account the production process's expected wastage and the quantity of raw materials required to create the finished goods. In general, quantity standards are established based on historical usage levels and current production technology.
What is a price standard? A price standard is a predetermined amount that is assigned to each unit of input and serves as a benchmark for measuring actual cost performance. The price standard is a budgeted or predetermined cost for an input material that is based on the current market price or a negotiated price with a supplier. The price standard takes into account the quality of the input material and the terms of the purchase agreement.
Problems with standard costs: The following are some issues associated with standard costs:
1. Time-consuming: Setting and maintaining standard costs can be a time-consuming process that can divert management's attention away from other tasks.
2. Accuracy: Standard costs can be inaccurate if they are not updated frequently to reflect changes in input prices, production methods, or technology.
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Calculate the market equilibrium Supply -> p = 6 + 9 Demand
-> p = 32 - 9
In microeconomics, the term market equilibrium refers to the point at which the supply of a product or service is balanced with its demand.
The equilibrium price and quantity are determined by the intersection of the supply and demand curves.Supply: p = 6 + 9Demand: p = 32 - 9To calculate the market equilibrium, we can set the supply and demand equations equal to each other and solve for p.6 + 9 = 32 - 9Simplifying the equation, we get:15 = 23 - 9Adding 9 to both sides, we get:24 = 23 + 1Therefore, the equilibrium price is p = $24.
To find the equilibrium quantity, we can substitute the equilibrium price into either the supply or demand equation and solve for q.Using the demand equation:p = 32 - 9p = 32 - 9qSubstituting the equilibrium price:p = 24q = (32 - 9p)/q = (32 - 9(24))q = (32 - 216)/(-9)q = 184/9Therefore, the equilibrium quantity is q ≈ 20.44 units. In summary, the market equilibrium is p = $24 and q ≈ 20.44 units.
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Tony's Corporation's stock had a required return of 7.90% last year when the risk-free rate was 2.50% and the market risk premium was 4.50%. Then an increase in investor risk aversion caused the market risk premium to rise by 1% from 4.5% to 5.5%. The risk-free rate and the firm's beta remain unchanged. What is the company's new required rate of return?
a. 8.50%
b. 8.88%
c. 9.10%
d. 9.54%
e. 9.98%
Given that Tony's Corporation's stock had a required return of 7.90% last year when the risk-free rate was 2.50% and the market risk premium was 4.50%.
An increase in investor risk aversion caused the market risk premium to rise by 1% from 4.5% to 5.5%. The risk-free rate and the firm's beta remain unchanged.To calculate the new required rate of return, we need to determine the expected return with the new risk premium. The formula for the required rate of return is given by;Required rate of return = Risk-free rate + Beta * (Market risk premium)Where;Risk-free rate = 2.5%Beta = GivenMarket risk premium = 5.5% - 4.5% = 1%Required rate of return = 2.5% + Beta * (5.5%)New required rate of return = 2.5% + Beta * (5.5%)On substituting the given values, we get;New required rate of return = 2.5% + Beta * (5.5%) = 2.5% + Beta * (0.055)Since we don't know the value of beta, we can't calculate the value of the new required rate of return. Therefore, none of the given options are correct answers.
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Sheffield Company has $145,000 of inventory at the beginning of the year and $131,000 at the end of the year. Sales revenue is $1,972,800, cost of goods sold is $1,145,400, and net income is $248,400 for the year. The inventory turnover ratio is: Multiple Choice 1.8 6.0. 14.3 8.3.
Inventory turnover ratio refers to the number of times the company sells and replaces its inventory during a specific period, usually a year.
To calculate the inventory turnover ratio, we divide the cost of goods sold by the average inventory.
The formula is:Inventory Turnover Ratio = Cost of Goods Sold / Average Inventory
The inventory turnover ratio for Sheffield Company can be calculated as follows:
Beginning Inventory = $145,000Ending Inventory = $131,000Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) = $1,145,400Average Inventory = (Beginning Inventory + Ending Inventory) / 2 = ($145,000 + $131,000) / 2 = $138,000
Inventory Turnover Ratio = COGS / Average Inventory= $1,145,400 / $138,000= 8.3Therefore,
the inventory turnover ratio for Sheffield Company is 8.3. Hence, the answer is option d) 8.3. Note: The ideal inventory turnover ratio depends on the industry in which the company operates.
A high inventory turnover ratio indicates that the company sells inventory quickly, which means that the company is managing its inventory efficiently. On the other hand, a low inventory turnover ratio means that the company is not selling its inventory as quickly as it should.
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Problem 24-11
Consider the following information regarding the performance of a money manager in a recent month. The table represents the actual return of each sector of the manager’s portfolio in column 1, the fraction of the portfolio allocated to each sector in column 2, the benchmark or neutral sector allocations in column 3, and the returns of sector indices in column 4.
Actual Return Actual Weight Benchmark Weight Index Return
Equity 2.1% 0.5 0.6 2.6% (S&P 500)
Bonds 1 0.2 0.3 1.2 (Salomon Index)
Cash 0.7 0.3 0.1 0.8
a.
What was the manager’s return in the month? What was her overperformance or underperformance?(Round your answer to 2 decimal places. Input all amounts as positive values. Do not round intermediate calculations. Omit the "%" sign in your response.)
The manager’s return in the month is %
(Click to select)OutperformedUnderperformed by %
b.
What was the contribution of security selection to relative performance? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places. Do not round intermediate calculations. Negative amount should be indicated by a minus sign. Omit the "%" sign in your response.)
Contribution of security selection: %
c. What was the contribution of asset allocation to relative performance? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places. Negative amount should be indicated by a minus sign. Omit the "%" sign in your response.)
Contribution of asset allocation: %
Expert Answer
a. The manager underperformed in the equity sector by 1.14%, and overperformed in the bonds and cash sectors by 0.26% and 0.66%, respectively.
b. The contribution of security selection to relative performance is -0.5%, -0.2%, and -0.1% for equity, bonds, and cash, respectively.
c. The contribution of asset allocation to relative performance is -0.1, -0.1, and 0.2 for equity, bonds, and cash, respectively.
a. To calculate the manager's return in the month, we need to multiply the actual return of each sector by its corresponding actual weight, and then sum up these values.
For equity:
Actual return = 2.1%
Actual weight = 0.5
Equity contribution = 2.1% * 0.5 = 1.05%
For bonds:
Actual return = 1%
Actual weight = 0.2
Bonds contribution = 1% * 0.2 = 0.2%
For cash:
Actual return = 0.7%
Actual weight = 0.3
Cash contribution = 0.7% * 0.3 = 0.21%
Manager's return = Equity contribution + Bonds contribution + Cash contribution
Manager's return = 1.05% + 0.2% + 0.21% = 1.46%
The manager's return in the month is 1.46%.
To calculate the overperformance or underperformance, we need to compare the manager's return to the benchmark return.
Equity benchmark return = 2.6%
Bonds benchmark return = 1.2%
Cash benchmark return = 0.8%
Overperformance or underperformance = Manager's return - Benchmark return
For equity:
Overperformance or underperformance = 1.46% - 2.6% = -1.14% (underperformance)
For bonds:
Overperformance or underperformance = 1.46% - 1.2% = 0.26% (overperformance)
For cash:
Overperformance or underperformance = 1.46% - 0.8% = 0.66% (overperformance)
Therefore, the manager underperformed in the equity sector by 1.14%, and overperformed in the bonds and cash sectors by 0.26% and 0.66%, respectively.
b. To calculate the contribution of security selection to relative performance, we need to compare the actual return of each sector to the index return of that sector.
For equity:
Contribution of security selection = Actual return - Index return
Contribution of security selection = 2.1% - 2.6% = -0.5% (negative contribution)
For bonds:
Contribution of security selection = Actual return - Index return
Contribution of security selection = 1% - 1.2% = -0.2% (negative contribution)
For cash:
Contribution of security selection = Actual return - Index return
Contribution of security selection = 0.7% - 0.8% = -0.1% (negative contribution)
Therefore, the contribution of security selection to relative performance is -0.5%, -0.2%, and -0.1% for equity, bonds, and cash, respectively.
c. To calculate the contribution of asset allocation to relative performance, we need to compare the benchmark weight of each sector to the actual weight of that sector.
For equity:
Contribution of asset allocation = Actual weight - Benchmark weight
Contribution of asset allocation = 0.5 - 0.6 = -0.1 (negative contribution)
For bonds:
Contribution of asset allocation = Actual weight - Benchmark weight
Contribution of asset allocation = 0.2 - 0.3 = -0.1 (negative contribution)
For cash:
Contribution of asset allocation = Actual weight - Benchmark weight
Contribution of asset allocation = 0.3 - 0.1 = 0.2 (positive contribution)
Therefore, the contribution of asset allocation to relative performance is -0.1, -0.1, and 0.2 for equity, bonds, and cash, respectively.
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(o) Complete the following table (still using the rame utility function): (f) Using the following blank graph, plot the bundles from the table in purt (c). (g) What is the equation for the indifference curve where U=4 ? (h) Add this indifference curve to your graph from part (f).
(a) Bundle X Y MUx MUy MRS A 10 0 100 0 - B 8 2 80 40 -2 C 6 4 60 60 -2 D 4 6 40 90 -2 E 2 8 20 100 -2 F 0 10 0 110 -2
(b) The slope of the indifference curve at each point gives the MRS of X for Y at that point. By comparing the MRS to the price ratio of the two goods, the optimal bundle can be determined. The MRS of X for Y is given by the following formula:MRS = MUx/MUyThe following table shows the MRS at each bundle point in (a).Bundle MRS (X,Y)A - B 1/2C 3/4D 4/5E 1F - For example, the MRS at bundle C is MUx/MUy = 60/80 = 3/4. This is the slope of the indifference curve at point C.
(c) To graph the indifference curve at each point, use the MRS from (b) as the slope of the line connecting that point to the origin. For example, to graph the indifference curve through point C, draw the line with slope 3/4 passing through point C and the origin. Repeat this for each bundle in (a) to graph the indifference curves. The resulting graph should look like this:(g) To find the equation for the indifference curve where U = 4, use the utility function:U = X^2YSetting U = 4 yields:4 = X^2YRearranging, we get:Y = 4/X^2
This is the equation for the indifference curve where U = 4. To graph it, plot the points that satisfy this equation. For example, when X = 1, Y = 4. When X = 2, Y = 1. When X = 4, Y = 1/4. Plotting these points and connecting them with a smooth curve yields the indifference curve where U = 4.(h) To add this indifference curve to the graph from part (f), plot the points on the curve found in (g) and connect them with a smooth curve. The resulting graph should look like this:
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On November 1, 2021, Aviation Training Corp. borrows $58,000 cash from Community Savings and Loan. Aviation Training signs a three-month, 6% note payable. Interest is payable at maturity. Aviation's year-end is December 31.
Required:
1.-3. Record the necessary entries in the Journal Entry Worksheet below. (If no entry is required for a particular transaction/event, select "No Journal Entry Required" in the first account field.)
View transaction list
View journal entry worksheet
No
1
Date
General Journal
Debit
Credit
November 01, 2021
Cash
58,000
December 31, 2021
Interest Expense
580
3
February 01, 2022
Notes Payable
2
58,580
1. November 1, 2021: Debit Cash $58,000, Credit Notes Payable $58,000.
2. December 31, 2021: Debit Interest Expense $580, Credit Notes Payable $580.
3. February 1, 2022: Debit Notes Payable $58,580, Credit Cash $58,580.
1. On November 1, 2021, Aviation Training Corp. borrows $58,000 cash, which increases their cash balance and creates a liability called Notes Payable. The entry reflects this by debiting Cash and crediting Notes Payable.
2. On December 31, 2021, Aviation Training Corp. accrues interest expense for the three-month period. Since the interest is payable at maturity, there is no cash transaction. The entry debits Interest Expense to recognize the expense and credits Notes Payable to reduce the liability.
3. On February 1, 2022, when the note matures, Aviation Training Corp. pays off the loan. They debit Notes Payable to reduce the liability and credit Cash to reflect the cash outflow.
These entries ensure accurate recording of the borrowing, recognition of interest expense, and repayment of the loan in the company's financial statements.
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Wolfrum Technology (WT) has no debt. Its assets will be worth$445 million one year from now if the economy is strong, but only$263 million in one year if the economy is weak. Both events are equally likely. The market value today of its assets is $276 million. a. What is the expected return of WT stock withoutleverage? b. Suppose the risk-free interest rate is 5%. If WT borrows $98 million today at this rate and uses the proceeds to pay an immediate cash dividend, what will be the market value of its equity just after the dividend is paid, according to MM? c. What is the expected return of WT stock after the dividend is paid in part (b)?
a. The expected return of WT stock after the dividend is paid in part b is -2.8%.The expected return of WT stock without leverage would be:
$$\text{Expected return } = \text{(Probability of good outcome x expected good outcome)} + \text{(Probability of bad outcome x expected bad outcome)}$$$$\text{Expected return } = \frac{1}{2}(1 + \frac{445-276}{276}) + \frac{1}{2}(1 + \frac{263-276}{276})$$$$\text{Expected return } = 0.143 or 14.3\%$$b.
The new value of equity would be$$V_L = V_U + T - B$$$$\text{where } V_L = \text{total value of the firm with leverage}$$$$\text{where } V_U = \text{total value of the firm without leverage}$$$$\text{where } T = \text{tax shield from debt}$$$$\text{where } B = \text{value of debt}$$
By paying immediate cash dividend, the total value of the firm would fall by the amount of the dividend to become:
$$V_U' = V_U - D = 276 - 98 = 178$$
Now the value of the levered firm is$$V_L = V_U' + T - B$$$$276 = 178 + 0.35 * B - 98$$$$B = 140$$$$\text{
The market value of equity after the dividend is paid according to MM is }
V_U' + B = 178 + 140 = 318.$$c.
The expected return of WT stock after the dividend is paid would be:
$$\text{Expected return } = \frac{1}{2}(1 + \frac{445-318}{318}) + \frac{1}{2}(1 + \frac{263-318}{318})$$$$\text{
Expected return } = -0.028 or -2.8\%$$
Therefore, the expected return of WT stock after the dividend is paid in part b is -2.8%.
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