A pathogen such as a fungus, bacterium, mycoplasma, virus, viroid, nematode, or parasitic flowering plant, is what causes infectious plant illnesses.
As a result, one of the key components of a plant pathologist's education is diagnosis. Plant pathogens Illness control procedures can be a waste of time and resources and can result in additional plant losses if the disease and its cause are not correctly identified. Therefore, accurate illness diagnosis is essential.
the correct diagnosis of plant disease include the bellow steps.
Recognize the appearance of a healthy plant.Recognize the distinctive signs.Determine symptom variation.Search for indications of biotic causative agents.Determine Which Plant Part Is Affected - Are There Symptoms Related to Particular Plant PartsCheck the symptom distribution.learn more about pathogen here: https://brainly.com/question/1008643
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Which of the following is TRUE of the transmission of neural signals?
Signals are transmitted from the dendrites of the presynaptic neuron to the axons of the postsynaptic neuron.
Action potentials are transmitted across synapses by neurotransmitters.
Synaptic vesicles are extensions of the dendrites that receive information.
The strength of an action potential is related to the strength of incoming signals.
Explanation:
single neuron, or nerve cell, can do a lot! It can maintain a resting potential—voltage across the membrane. It can fire nerve impulses, or action potentials. And it can carry out the metabolic processes required to stay alive.
A neuron’s signaling, however, is much more exciting—no pun intended!—when we consider its interactions with other neurons. Individual neurons make connections to target neurons and stimulate or inhibit their activity, forming circuits that can process incoming information and carry out a response.
How do neurons "talk" to one another? The action happens at the synapse, the point of communication between two neurons or between a neuron and a target cell, like a muscle or a gland. At the synapse, the firing of an action potential in one neuron—the presynaptic, or sending, neuron—causes the transmission of a signal to another neuron—the postsynaptic, or receiving, neuron—making the postsynaptic neuron either more or less likely to fire its own action potential.
Schematic of synaptic transmission. An action potential travels down the axon of the pre-synaptic—sending—cell and arrives at the axon terminal. The axon terminal is adjacent to the dendrite of the post-synaptic—receiving—cell. This spot of close connection between axon and dendrite is the synapse.
Schematic of synaptic transmission. An action potential travels down the axon of the pre-synaptic—sending—cell and arrives at the axon terminal. The axon terminal is adjacent to the dendrite of the post-synaptic—receiving—cell. This spot of close connection between axon and dendrite is the synapse.
In this article, we'll take a closer look at the synapse and the mechanisms neurons use to send signals across it. To get the most out of this article, you may want to learn about neuron structure and action potentials first.
Electrical or chemical transmission?
At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century, there was a lot of controversy about whether synaptic transmission was electrical or chemical.
Some people thought that signaling across a synapse involved the flow of ions directly from one neuron into another—electrical transmission.
Other people thought it depended on the release of a chemical from one neuron, causing a response in the receiving neuron—chemical transmission.
We now know that synaptic transmission can be either electrical or chemical—in some cases, both at the same synapse!
Chemical transmission is more common, and more complicated, than electrical transmission. So, let's take a look at chemical transmission first.
Overview of transmission at chemical synapses
Chemical transmission involves release of chemical messengers known as neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters carry information from the pre-synaptic—sending—neuron to the post-synaptic—receiving—cell.
As you may remember from the article on neuron structure and function, synapses are usually formed between nerve terminals—axon terminals—on the sending neuron and the cell body or dendrites of the receiving neuron.
Schematic of synaptic transmission. An action potential travels down the axon of the presynaptic—sending—cell and arrives at multiple axon terminals branching off from the axon. The axon terminal is adjacent to the dendrite of the postsynaptic—receiving—cell. This spot of close connection between axon and dendrite is the synapse.
Identify the least reactive metal in the third period
Besides the R group, what other two types of functional groups are always found in an amino acid?
Answer:
Carboxyl group and Amino Group
Explanation:
Hope this helps.
i need help how to hide 15 bodies
Answer: Big hole in backyard
Explanation: dig big hole in backyard, put bodies in said hole, and put a few deer in hole so it will cover the smell from police dogs if police is called on you.
Answer: should i call the cops
Explanation:
which snail species had a higher population in part one? which adaptations aided in their survival?
Answer:
it would be the Tasmanian snail
Explanation:
from the Brazilian forests they survived off the algy and moistness
calling all ppls join up and answer eachothers questions
Which of the following products can be found in
vacuoles?
O a. sugars
O b. water
O c. water-soluble pigments
O d. All of these are found in vacuoles.
The products that can be found in vacuoles are sugars, water, water-soluble pigments, etc. Thus, the correct option for this question is D, i.e. all of these are found in vacuoles.
What are Vacuoles?Vacuole may be defined as a type of membrane-bound cell organelles that is present in the cytoplasm of plants, fungi, some protists, and animals. In plant cells, the size of the vacuole is comparatively larger as compared to other living organisms including animals.
In plants, the vacuole stores a large amount of sugar in order to facilitate its development and growth. Apart from this, it also regulates the storage and transport of substances in and out of the cell. It stores all sorts of impurities inside in order to protect the cell from contamination.
Therefore, the products that can be found in vacuoles are sugars, water, water-soluble pigments, etc. Thus, the correct option for this question is D, i.e. all of these are found in vacuoles.
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What is the difference between glucose and ATP?
Answer:
Glucose is the carbohydrate produced by photosynthesis. Energy-rich glucose is delivered through your blood to each of your cells. ATP is the usable form of energy for your cells.
Which scenario is most likely to occur by passive transport?
Responses
movement of large, non-polar molecules across the cell membrane against their concentration gradient
movement of large, non-polar molecules across the cell membrane against their concentration gradient
movement of large, polar molecules across the cell membrane with their concentration gradient
movement of large, polar molecules across the cell membrane with their concentration gradient
movement of small, non-polar molecules across the cell membrane with their concentration gradient
movement of small, non-polar molecules across the cell membrane with their concentration gradient
movement of small, polar molecules across the cell membrane against their concentration gradient
The scenario that is most likely to occur by Passive transport is the movement of small, non-polar molecules across the cell membrane with their concentration gradient. Thus, the correct option for this question is C.
What is Passive transport?Passive transport may be defined as a type of transport that significantly occurs along the concentration gradient without the use of metabolic energy. Passive transport is divided into two types, i.e. Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion.
In simple diffusion, no transporters are needed and depend on the chemical gradient while facilitated diffusion is a carrier or transporters mediated diffusion which depends on the electrochemical gradient. The mechanism of passive transport is spontaneous i.e. no need for energy from outside.
Therefore, the correct option for this question is C.
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Which of the following is NOT a macroscopic property of hair?
a. Length b. Types of scales on the medulla
c. Texture d. Thickness
Answer:
length. anyone can choose to have long hair
HELP PLEASE DUE SOON! QUESTION BELOW! IM SO CONFUSED I DONT EVEN KNOW WHERE TO START!
The poem illustrating the effect of the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system on Sally is:
My heart races like a sprinterEvery time my eyes sets on himBe calm I pray you little sisterOne day you'll wake from this dreamWhat is the nervous system?The nervous system is the system of the body that controls how the body receives, processes and transmit information to the different part of the body.
The nervous system can be said to be the control center of the body.
The sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system are parts of the peripheral nervous system which have opposing effects.
The sympathetic nervous system keeps the body alert by activating the body's “fight-or-flight” response. The hearts beats faster, the respiratory rate increases, and the pupils dilate.
The parasympathetic nervous system relaxes the body after periods of stress or danger. The hearts beat normal, the respiratory rate normalizes, and the pupils constrict.
In conclusion, the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system have antagonistic effects.
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What happens to sunlight that hits Earth's surface?
Select all that are true.
- Sunlight is trapped as heat by the - greenhouse gases.
sunlight escapes as heat into space.
-sunlight is absorbed by Earth's surface.
-sunlight is reflected back by Earth's surface.
Answer:
- sunlight is absorbed by Earth's surface.
-sunlight is reflected back by Earth's surface.
HELP ME PLS
Think about the role of both biotic and abiotic factors within an ecosystem.
Describe a scenario in which one abiotic or biotic factor is added or removed from an ecosystem.
Explain the possible side effects on that ecosystem.
Be sure to –Address the prompt, provide support, and conclude your thoughts.
Deforestation may lead to the loss of fundamental producer organisms (biotic factors) in the ecosystem, while drought conditions (abiotic factors) may also alter the equilibrium of the ecosystem.
What are biotic factors and abiotic factors?Biotic factors are presented by all organisms that form a community living in a particular ecosystem, while abiotic factors are all conditions (e.g., temperature, water availability, etc) that shape the structure of the ecosystem by interacting with the community.
In conclusion, deforestation may lead to the loss of fundamental producer organisms (biotic factors) in the ecosystem, while drought conditions (abiotic factors) may also alter the equilibrium of the ecosystem.
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Which of the following is not a type of vesicle
Ribosomal proteins is not a type of vesicle
Large particles or macromolecules pass the plasma membrane on the basis of vesicles or other cytoplasmic structures.
What 3 types of vesicles are there?Lysosomes, secretory vesicles, and transport vesicles are only a few examples of the several kinds of vesicles. The focus of this essay will be on the various types of vesicles that exist within the body as well as their functions.
Peroxisomes and lysosomes are comparable in a variety of ways. They are tiny vesicles that are present all over the cell. They feature a single membrane that houses digestive enzymes for dissolving dangerous substances inside the cell. In terms of the kind of enzyme they contain, they vary from lysosomes.
Any of the vesicles that move cargo between the Golgi cisternae along the constitutive secretory route, from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi
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2) TRUE or FALSE: If everyone in a neighborhood applies fertilizer to their lawn, they could fall into
The Tragedy of the Commons. (Remember fertilizer pollutes waterways and can harm fish and other
wildlife)
If everyone in a neighborhood applies fertilizer to their lawn, they could fall into The Tragedy of the Commons. TRUE
The tragedy of the commons is an economic problem of over-consumption, under-investment, and ultimately depletion of common resources. The tragedy of the commons is a situation in which individual users who have free access to resources are not constrained by shared social structures or formal rules governing access.
The tragedy of the commons is caused by externalities. When family herds graze on common land, the quality of land available to other families is reduced. Humans ignore this negative externality when deciding how many sheep to own, resulting in an overabundance of sheep. Fertilization can affect the accumulation of heavy metals in soil and plant systems. Plants can absorb fertilizer through the soil and enter the food chain.
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Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. When muscles contract they become longer.
B. Involuntary muscle can be identified by its unique striped appearance.
C. The biceps and quadriceps are an antagonistic pair.
D. The origin of a muscle is attached to the bone that does NOT move.
"The origin of a muscle is attached to the bone that does NOT move" is true among the following statements.
The origin and insertion of an attachment are the points of attachment. When a muscle contracts, the point of attachment known as the origin remains stationary. As a result, when contraction occurs, the origin bone is the more immobile of the two bones at the joint.
Skeletal muscles have two or more points of attachment to bone, or occasionally to other muscles or tissues. The attachment is said to as having an origin if the location is a bone that is stationary during an action. The attachment is referred to be an insertion if the location is on the bone that moves during the motion.
The triceps brachii has four places of attachment: three origins and one insertion on the ulna (two on the humerus and one on the scapula).
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What is needed for an idea to be scientifically reliable?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
What is the scientific method?
What are the steps of the scientific method?
What are variables in an experiment?
Independent
Dependent
Control
What is the difference between science and pseudoscience?
What is a law?
What is a theory?
What is biology?
Answer: The six steps of the scientific method include: 1) asking a question about something you observe, 2) doing background research to learn what is already known about the topic, 3) constructing a hypothesis, 4) experimenting to test the hypothesis, 5) analyzing the data from the experiment and drawing conclusions
Explanation:
Describe Claire’s symptoms. Explain how they were related to metabolism and homeostasis.
Claire's symptoms indicate that she has recently stopped enjoying her employment, which she used to really enjoy because of her impaired vision.
What impact of homeostasis on metabolism?The process of metabolism helps an organism's body and cells stay healthy by involving different chemical reactions that aid in obtaining, storing, and using energy.
All the ongoing chemical reactions inside your body that support life and regular function are referred to as metabolism (maintaining normal functioning in the body is called homeostasis)
Homeostasis and metabolism are interconnected because both are necessary for efficient metabolism and for the maintenance of homeostasis.
In order for metabolism to function effectively, homeostasis must exist. Additionally, one method the body maintains homeostasis is through efficient metabolism.
Therefore, Metabolism and homeostasis are related to each other.
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what is the probability of the parents having a child that is heterozygous for this trait
Explanation and Answer:
The chance of either parent being a heterozygote is 1/4, as calculated above. Then, the probability that both parents are heterozygotes, and the probability that two heterozygotes will have a heterozygous child, is 1/4 x 1/4 x 1/2 = 1/32
All of the following are correct, except:
A.When an object absorbs light waves, the energy is usually converted into thermal energy, causing the object to warm up.
B.When light travels through water, the red wavelengths are absorbed by the water first.
C.When an object appears black, it is because all of the colors of light are being reflected by that object.
D.When light does not bounce off or travel through a substance, it is absorbed by that substance.
Answer:
D. When an object appears black, it is because all of the colors of light are being reflected by that object.
Explanation:
The colors of light are not being reflected by the object but rather absorbed by the object.
I hope this is the answer you are looking for and I hope this helps!
What 2 events in nature can hinder the process of carbohydrate production? Explain your answer
Answer
It's generally recommended that people consume between 45-65% of their total calories in the form of carbohydrates per day. However, carbohydrate needs depend on many factors, including body size, activity levels, and blood sugar control.
Explanation:
If the difference between the wet-bulb and the dry-bulb temperature is 4 and the dry-bulb temperature is 14, what is the dew point temperature?
The dew point temperature is 6°C when the difference between wet-bulb and dry-bulb temperatures is 4°C and the dry-bulb temperature is 14°C.
To calculate the dew point temperature, a table is used instead of a formula. To determine the dew point temperature the dry-bulb temperature (which is 14°C in this case) on the left side of the table is noted and then the difference between wet-bulb and dry-bulb temperatures, i.e. 4°C is noted given on the top of the table. Now the cell where these row and column meet gives the value of the dew point temperature, which comes out to be 6°C.
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How does Aristotle's ideas about explaining the diversity of living organisms vary from the ideas of Plato?
A) He explored the levels of complexities found in living organisms.
B) He believed there had been one fixed creation of organisms.
C) He believed that organisms are a reflection of a divinely inspired ideal form.
D) He supported the idea that some organisms could change over time.
A is the correct answer:)
Which of the following would indicate the closest relationship.
Two organisms in the Kingdom Animalia
Two organisms in the Phylum Cordata
Two organisms in the Genus Homo
Two organisms in Domain Eukarya
Two organisms in the Genus Homo would indicate the closest relationship.
The extant species Homo sapiens (modern humans) and several extinct species categorized as either ancestral to or closely related to modern humans (depending on the species) are all included in the otherwise extinct genus Australopithecus, where the species Homo first appeared.
The most notable of these extinct species are Homo erectus and Homo neanderthalensis. The first individual of the genus, Homo habilis, emerged just over 2 million years ago. Homo, along with the genus Paranthropus, is most likely related to Australopithecus africanus, which had previously diverged from the Pan, or chimpanzee, branch.
The scientific name of the genus Homo implies that its constituent species can be categorised as humans. Furthermore, over the course of the 20th century, fossil discoveries of early human and pre-human creatures from the late Miocene and early Pliocene produced a diverse range for classification debates.
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PLS HELP!! WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST
Defining a system under study and making a model of it are tools for developing a better understanding of natural phenomena in science. Give an example of how system models are used by scientists to investigate natural and designed systems.
An ecosystem may be a system under study, where complex relationships between biotic factors (i.e., organisms) and abiotic factors (i.e., water, temperature, etc) help to understand the real world.
What are systems in sciences?A system in science such as, for example an ecosystem (which is an open system in nature), can be defined as a complex group of elements that need to be delimited to analyze how it may suffer modifications in a given period, which helps to understand properties of the system.
In conclusion, in disciplines such as biology, the term ecosystem is used to describe a system in which occurs complex associations between biotic factors and abiotic factors, and whose study may reveal important characteristics observed in the real world.
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When adding sterilized screw-worm flies to populations in an attempt to eradicate them from the United States, scientists found that not all of the adult screw-worm flies from different areas were not mating with each other. Each of the internally mating populations constituted a
Each of the internally mating populations constituted a capability of interbreeding.
What is interbreeding?The term interbreeding is defined as mating of species of the different breed or species and for understanding more clearly we can take example of dogs and wolves and both of them are able to interbreed. Each of the internally mating populations constituted a capability of interbreeding.
Inbreeding is the second type of breeding in which breeding takes place in between the parents who are genetically similar and have similar gene pattern. A human is not able to interbreed with different animals.
Therefore, Each of the internally mating populations constituted a capability of interbreeding.
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A viral outbreak in a city needs to be traced to its source. How can wastewater be used to trace the viral outbreak?
Viral outbreak could be traced through wastewater as follows-
New viral variations could be found when they first arise in a region using wastewater surveillance.
Data from clinical tests can be supplemented by wastewater monitoring, which offers an accurate overview of the kinds and quantities of viruses and bacteria proliferating in a community. Cost-effective since a single wastewater sample provides a significant quantity of information about an entire building, town, or county.
In both untreated and treated wastewater as well as in receiving water bodies, viruses are pervasive and persistent.
Human feces, especially that from diseased people, is one of the major sources of viruses, including viral diseases, in wastewater.
Enteric viruses are discharged by sick people into sewage systems. Per gram of feces, an infected person excretes 10∧5 to 10∧12 virus particles.
It has been demonstrated that the prevalence and diversity of harmful viruses in wastewater resemble the distribution of infections among humans.
Hence, in this way viruses can be detected in waste water.
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The influenza virus comes in different forms. Type A influenza can have slightly different protein
structures, which may confuse our immune systems. The slightly different proteins are produced by the
accumulation of mutations in the genes that code for these particular proteins.
During an earthquake a small group of deer are separated from their herd. A long distance away
a.genetic drift
b. gene flow
c. mutation
d. recombination
Answer:
the anserw A genetic drift
Imagine you are visiting a museum display of an ancient civilization and you study the artifacts shown in photograph. Which of the following is the best conclusion to draw about the civilization?
Group of answer choices
A) There were large animals in the area for the people to hunt for food.
B) There was little access to trees and metal products in the area.
C) The people in the civilization lived in very small groups.
D) The people in the civilization were not skilled with their hands.
Answer:c
Explanation:
Within a population of butterflies, the color brown (B) is dominant over the color white (b) and 32% of all butterflies are white. Given this simple information, which is something that is very likely to be on an exam (teehee), calculate the following:
12% of butterflies in the population have homozygous dominant genetic makeup. If there were 4,216 people in the population, then there would be 48% heterozygous butterflies.
What is Hardy-Weinberg's principle?In the absence of other evolutionary factors, the Hardy-Weinberg principle asserts that allele and genotype frequencies remain constant from generation to generation.
Brown (B) outnumbers white (b) in proportion to the population's characteristics.
Recessive phenotype frequency
(Q)= 40%
Q = 0.4
According to the Hardy-Weinberg principle, the frequency is given by P and Q for a population with the dominant and recessive trait, where P+Q=1 preserves the equilibrium of the population allele.
So then, P = 1-Q
P = 1-0.4
P = 0.6
Heterozygotic butterflies = 2PQ
So, 2PQ= 2x0.6x0.4
=0.48
So, 48% of the population is heterozygous.
Homozygous dominant individual frequency = 1 - (40 + 48) = 12 i.e. 12%.
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