In the present case, we would require additional evidence in addition to the genotype evidence.
Given that only one out of every 64 people is likely to share the same genotype as your suspect and that you are only looking at 13 suspects, if you had a pool of 13 suspects and only one of them shared the same genotype at the BXP007 locus as that discovered at the crime scene, you could be reasonably certain that you had your perpetrator. To strengthen your case, you would need additional proof in addition to your genotype evidence, such as an eye witness, tangible items the suspect left at the crime scene, a motive, etc.
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some hormones such as estrogen and testosterone are lipids and are therefore nonpolar. explain why a cell membrane receptor would not be needed for this type of ligand to activate a response in a cell.
Hormones such as estrogen and testosterone are lipids and are nonpolar, which means they are hydrophobic and can readily diffuse through the hydrophobic regions of the cell membrane.
Because of this property, they do not need a cell membrane receptor to activate a response in a cell. Instead, they can directly interact with intracellular receptors, such as those located in the cytoplasm or the nucleus, by passing through the cell membrane. This process is known as "passive diffusion," and it allows lipophilic molecules to cross the cell membrane without the need of a specific receptor. Cell membrane receptor would not be needed for this type of ligand to activate a response in a cell.
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In a population of 2500, how many babies would you expect to have cystic fibrosis, a homozygous recessive condition, if the frequency of the dominant allele is 0.9, and the population is at Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium?
a) 0.9 x 2500 = 2025
b) 2 x 0.9 x 0.1 x 2500 = 800
c) 0.9 x 0.1 x 2500 = 400
d) 0.1 x 0.1 x 2500 = 25
if the frequency of the dominant allele is 0.9, and the population is at Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium d) 0.1 x 0.1 x 2500 = 25 expected to have cystic fibrosis.
The Hardy–Weinberg principle, also known as the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, model, theorem, or law, states that in the absence of other evolutionary influences, allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation. The Hardy-Weinberg equation can be used to estimate the frequency of alleles in a population.
Based on this equation:
p = the frequency of the dominant allele (represented here by A1)
q = the frequency of the recessive allele (represented here by A2)
freq (A1)= 0.9, so freq (A2)= 0.1.
Freq (A1A2)= q^2 = (0.1)^2= 0.01.
The number of babies with cystic fibrosis= 2500(0.01)= 25.
Hence d is the correct answer.
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in the formation of biofilms, such as those forming on unbrushed teeth, cell signaling serves which function?
In the formation of biofilms, such as those forming on unbrushed teeth, cell signaling serves aggregation of bacteria that can cause cavities.
Tooth decay, often known as cavities or caries, is the breakdown of teeth brought on by the acids produced by bacteria. The cavities could be any colour, including black, yellow, and others. Pain and problems ; are a few of the indicators. A tooth infection or abscess may develop, the surrounding tissue may swell, and the tooth itself may eventually fall out. Bacterial acid eroding the hard tissues of the tooth is what causes cavities (enamel, dentin and cementum). Acid is produced when sugar or food scraps are broken down by microbes on the surface of teeth. Since simple sugars are these bacteria's primary source of energy, a diet heavy in them raises some red signs.
The complete question is:
In the formation of biofilms, such as those forming on unbrushed teeth, cell signalling serves which function?
A) formation of mating complexes
B) digestion of unwanted parasite populations
C) aggregation of bacteria that can cause cavities
D) secretion of substances that inhibit foreign bacteria
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how apopotosis form of programmed cell detah is a process tht emerges from the ordrly integration of signaling pathways
Extrinsic signals, such as the binding of ligands to cell surface death receptors, can cause apoptosis as can signals from inside the cell, such as genotoxic stress.
A type of cell death in which a cell perishes as the result of several molecular activities. One way the body gets rid of unwanted or abnormal cells is through this. Cancer cells may impede the apoptotic process. also known as induced cell death.
When circumstances in the extracellular environment dictate that a cell must die, the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis starts outside of a cell. The intrinsic process of apoptosis begins when a cell experiences damage because the stress caused by the lesion triggers the apoptotic pathway.
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is a species of corn, the diploid number of chromosomes is 20. what is the number of chromosomes found in each of the egg cells produced?
meiotic cell division. during the normal meiotic division of a diploid cell, the change in chromosome number that occurs is represented by. 2n-n. in a species of corn, the diploid number of chromosomes is 20.
Each egg and sperm cell has only 23 chromosomes. That's half the number of chromosomes as normal cells. Fertilization occurs when egg and sperm combine to form a zygote, a cell containing 46 chromosomes (23 pairs). One homologous chromosome originated from each parent for each chromosomal pair.
Meiosis, the second type of cell division, ensures that humans have the same number of chromosomes from generation to generation. It is a two-step procedure that decreases the number of chromosomes by half—from 46 to 23—in order to generate sperm and egg cells.
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if the same scientist extracts the dna for this gene and finds that it becomes methylated over the life of the organism, how will digestion change over time?
If the same scientist extracts the DNA for this gene and finds that it becomes methylated over the life of the organism then it will involve a lesser quantity of this enzyme over time.
Chemically, enzymes are comparable to any catalyst and neither consume materials in chemical reactions nor alter the equilibrium of a reaction. In comparison to most other catalysts, enzymes are significantly more specialized. The activity of enzymes can be affected by other substances, including activators and inhibitors. While inhibitors boost enzyme activity, activators decrease it. Numerous medications and poisons contain enzyme inhibitors. An enzyme's activity decreases dramatically when its optimal temperature and pH range are exceeded, and many enzymes become (permanently) denatured when exposed to high temperatures, losing their structure and catalytic properties.
The complete question is:
Use the passage to answer the question. If the same scientist extracts the DNA for this gene and finds that it becomes methylated over the life of the organism, how will digestion change over time?
A. It will occur at lower pH.
B. It will rely more on this enzyme over time.
C. It will use methylated copies of the enzyme.
D. It will involve a lesser quantity of this enzyme over time.
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Which of the following molecules could align side-by-side to form a lipid bilayer? Select all that apply.
1. triacylglycerols (triacylglycerides)
2. sphingomyelins
3. glycerophospholipids
4. cholesterol molecules
5. fatty acids
A lipid bilayer can be formed by triacylglycerols, sphingomyelins, glycerophospholipids, and fatty acids.
Lipids are hydrophobic or amphiphilic chemical compounds that are soluble in non-polar solvents, such as fatty acids, sterols, triacylglycerides, and so on.
They have important roles in energy storage, cellular signaling, and as a component of cell membranes. As in the plasma membrane, hydrophilic heads should be exposed to water while interacting hydrophobic tails align side by side to create the lipid bilayer. Thus, the features of a lipid's tail that enable coalescence among them determine whether or not it may form a bilipid layer.
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what is xylem? (1 point) responses tube-like structures that move food through vascular plants tube-like structures that move food through vascular plants tube-like structures that move food through nonvascular plants tube-like structures that move food through nonvascular plants tube-like structures that move water through vascular plants tube-like structures that move water through vascular plants tube-like structures that move water through nonvascular plants
Xylem is a vascular plant tissue that transports water and nutrients from the plant-soil interface to stems and leaves, as well as providing mechanical support and storage.
One of the most distinctive characteristics of vascular plants is their ability to conduct water. Water is the primary solvent for plant nutrition and metabolism, as well as being necessary for photosynthesis, turgor, and the transport of minerals, hormones, and other signaling molecules. The internal hydrophobic surface of the water-conducting xylem cells facilitates water transport as well as mechanical strength. The weight of the water transported upward in the plant, as well as the weight of the plant itself, is supported by the xylem cells. For many trees, xylem is wood, which has long been used as a raw material by humans.
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Which of the following is NOT a good reason why venipuncture is a common technique for obtaining a blood sample
One reason that is not a good reason for venipuncture would be "because it causes no harm to the patient". While venipuncture can be done with minimal discomfort to the patient, it is not completely harmless as it can result in complications such as pain, bleeding, infection, or hematoma.
the level of biological organization studied by cell biologists is the
The level of biological organization studied by cell biologists is the Cell
Cell biology (also known as cellular biology or cytology) is the study of the structure, function, and behavior of cells. Cells are the building blocks of all living beings. A cell is the fundamental unit of life, responsible for organisms' survival and function.
Cell biology is the study of cells' structural and functional components. Cell biology includes both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and comprises several subtopics such as cell metabolism, cell communication, cell cycle, biochemistry, and cell composition. Cells are studied utilizing a variety of microscopy methods, cell culture, and cell fractionation.
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in a micelle, which portion of the amphipathic molecules are oriented toward the surface of the sphere?
The hydrophobic tails of the amphipathic molecules are oriented towards the center of the micelle, while the hydrophilic heads are oriented towards the surface of the sphere.
This is because the hydrophobic tails are repelled by water and are more stable when they are away from the water environment. On the other hand, the hydrophilic heads are attracted to water and are more stable when they are in contact with it. Therefore, the amphipathic molecules self-assemble in such a way that the hydrophobic tails are "hidden" inside the micelle, while the hydrophilic heads are exposed to the water environment.
This arrangement creates a hydrophobic core inside the micelle, which is shielded from the water environment. The hydrophobic core is stabilized by the close packing of the hydrophobic tails, and it provides a "safe haven" for hydrophobic molecules, such as lipids and fatty acids, that would otherwise be insoluble in water.
The hydrophilic heads, on the other hand, form a hydrophilic shell on the surface of the micelle, which interacts with the water environment and gives the micelle its spherical shape.The amphipathic molecules can also form different types of micelles, depending on the concentration of the solution. For example, in a low concentration of amphipathic molecules, spherical micelles are formed, while at high concentrations, the micelles can form long and cylindrical structures called "Rods" or "Cylindrical Micelles".
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Many charged ions like ____ and larger molecules, like the ____ seem to pass through cell _____ very ____as if they have a ____
Many charged ions like chlorine ions and larger molecules, like sugar glucose seem to pass through cell membranes very quickly if they have a shortcut.
What are the main types of cell transport?The main types of cell transport are passive diffusion and active transport, where the first one does not involve the use of energy such as occurs during the movement of ions and small molecules across the plasma membrane.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the main types of cell transport are based on active transport and passive diffusion.
Complete question:
Fill in the blank. Many charged ions like ____ and larger molecules, like the ____ seem to pass through cell _____ very ____as if they have a ____
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true or false? some traits are considered vestigial because they are reduced or incompletely developed structures.
Answer:
false
Explanation:
100 POINTS!
list Mendel's 7 F1 crosses (Genes) on pea plants.
Answer: See below
Explanation:
Mendel crossed:
pea shape, either round (dominant) or wrinkled
pea color, either green or yellow (dominant)
pod shape, inflated (dominant) or constricted
pod color, either green (dominant) or yellow
flower color, either purple (dominant) or white
plant size, either tall (dominant) or dwarf
and position of the flowers, either axial (dominant) or terminal
Hope this helps
100 points if answered through
Mutations in Tyr gene may inhibit the melanin signaling pathway (no pigment is produced), while a mutation in TYRP-1 gene may trigger the production of a red-yellow pigment. Finally, mutations both in OCA2 and SLC45A2 have no effect on the melanin signaling pathway.
What do downstream and upstream mutations mean in a signaling pathway?Downstream mutations in the signaling pathway may lead to the lack of intermediate steps due to the loss of function of the required enzymes, while upstream mutations such as in this case mutations in OCA2 and SLC45A2 genes have no effect on the melanin signaling pathway
Therefore, with this data, we can see that downstream and upstream mutations have different effects on the signaling pathways.
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once a motor neuron has fired, all the muscle fibers in a muscle contract. T/F
It is false that once a motor neuron has fired, all the muscle fibers in a muscle contract.
What is motor neuron?Motor neurons are a type of brain cell that may be found in both the spinal cord and the brain. They are classified into two types: upper motor neurons and lower motor neurons. Upper motor neurons emerge from the brain and descend to link with lower motor neurons. Motor neurons are brain and spinal cord cells that allow humans to move, talk, swallow, and breathe by transmitting orders from the brain to the muscles that perform these actions. The spinal cord's motor neurons are part of the central nervous system (CNS) and link to muscles, glands, and organs throughout the body.
Here,
It is false to believe that once a motor neuron fires, all muscle fibers contract.
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Stems transport water and nutrients throughout a plant. Why is an Arctic
plant unable to do this in the winter?
F. The water is frozen.
G. There is no sunlight.
H. There are too many nutrients.
L The air is too cold.
Enter a formula using arithmetic operators and parentheses in cell D11 that adds the number of participants in cells D4, D5, D6, and D7, and then multiplies that result by 12.
Following is the procedure to enter a formula using arithmetic operators and parentheses in cell D11 that adds the number of participants in cells D4, D5, D6, and D7, and then multiplies that result by 12.
How to enter the formula using arithmetic operators?Select cell D11 Type "=("Select cell D4Type (+) in cell D11Click cell D5Type (+)Click cell D6Type ")"Type (*12) in cell D11Click enter on the formula bar.This is how a formula using arithmetic operators and parentheses is entered
.
Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, modulus, floor division, and exponentiation are some arithmetic operators.
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can you think of a way o'brien's team could determine if europeans who died during the black plague were missing the genetic mutation for hiv immunity? explain your idea.
The CCR5 gene delta 32 mutation, according to Stephen O'Brien, may have prevented the plague from infecting its host's white blood cells.
How does genetics explain?Genetics is the study of genes and heredity, or the process through which specific characteristics or traits are passed from one generation to the next as a result of variations in DNA sequence. A gene is a section of DNA with instructions for creating one.
Is it genetic or inherited?The primary distinction between these two concepts is that while genetic disorders can either be hereditary or not, there will always be a mutational change in the genome. Hereditary diseases, on the other hand, have the ability to be passed down from one generation to the next.
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Identify the function of each subunit of DNA polymerase, Drag the correct labels onto the table. Labels can be used once, more than once, or not at all.
A holoenzyme is DNA polymerase III. It has two core enzymes with three subunits (, and), a sliding clamp with two beta subunits, and a clamp-loading complex with numerous subunits (,,,,, and).
polymerization of subunit——-5' to 3' β units clamps for sliding DNA core complex dimerizes core complex dimerizes the subunit Exonuclease 3'5 the subunit subunit is stimulated the subunit core complex dimerizes the subunit Exonuclease 3'5' the subunit Exonuclease 3'5' γ unit oader with a clamp the function of each subunit of DNA polymerase, Drag the correct labels onto the table. Labels can be used once, more than once, or not at all. A holoenzyme is DNA polymerase III. It has two core enzymes with three subunits (, and), a sliding clamp with two beta subunits, and a clamp-loading complex with numerous subunits.
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This illustration shows a kind of animal that is a free-living organism. What is the common name of this organism?
green, elongated structure with a flatter, long brown structure coming out of what appears to be an opening in the green portion of the structure.
An creature that demonstrates the type of animal that is a free-living organism is the Planarian, a kind of flatworm.
The flatworms, also known as Platyhelminthes, are a phylum of soft-bodied, bilaterian, very simple invertebrates. They are acoelomates (have no body cavity), unlike other bilaterians, and lack specific circulatory and respiratory organs, which forces them to adopt flattened forms that permit oxygen and nutrients to diffuse through their bodies. Food cannot be continually processed because there is only one opening in the digestive cavity for both ingestion (the absorption of nutrients) and egestion (the elimination of unprocessed trash).
Although there are a few species of flatworms that live in the wild, the majority of flatworms are parasitic. Turbellarians, also known as planarians are free living flatworm. They have basic body structures. Although there are various species, they all have some characteristics. Their bodies are bilaterally symmetrical, with what essentially amounts to a back, a belly, and a head on each of their left and right sides.
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any form of movement that causes your body to use energy____
Physical activity is any activity that involves moving in such a way that your body expends energy.
Physical activity is defined as any voluntary, skeletal muscle-driven movement with an energy expenditure.. All actions, regardless of intensity, carried out day or night, during travel to go to and from locations, or as part of a person's job are considered to be physical exercise. Both intense and light exercise are good for your health.
Sports, physical recreation, walking, cycling, wheeling, and playing are all frequent forms of exercise that people of all abilities can enjoy.
Regular exercise has been shown to aid in the management and prevention of noncommunicable illnesses like diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and a variety of cancers. Additionally, it promotes a healthy body weight, decreases blood pressure, and improves mental health, wellbeing, and quality of life.
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what is the function of the promoter in the e. coli lac operon?
A promoter is a type of DNA sequence that activates or inactivates the expression of the
lac operon genes by acting as a protein binding site.
A promoter is a type of DNA sequence that is located outside the lac operon and
expresses the protein that inactivates lactose gene expression.
A promoter is a type of DNA sequence that activates the expression of the lactose genes
by acting as an RNA polymerase binding site for the lac operon.
A promoter is a type of protein that inactivates the expression of the lac operon genes by
binding to the DNA of the lac operon.
The promoter's function in the lac operon is to activate the expression of lactose genes by acting as an RNA polymerase binding site for the lac operon. The correct answer is C.
A promoter is a short stretch of DNA located upstream of the genes in the lac operon that binds to the RNA polymerase enzyme, allowing it to initiate transcription of the genes in the operon. This activation of transcription is what allows the expression of the lac operon genes.
The promoter is a key element of gene expression in prokaryotes, allowing the genes in an operon to be expressed at the right time and place. Without the promoter, the genes in the operon would not be expressed and the cell would not be able to take advantage of the benefits of that operon. The promoter is able to recognize and bind to the proper RNA polymerase in order to initiate transcription, allowing the gene expression to occur.
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Please help with all questions
The chromosomes in a cell are often grouped in pairs, from largest to smallest, in a karyotype, which is a photographic image or other depiction of the entire chromosome population.
A karyotype: what is it?
A cell's full complement of chromosomes captured during cell division and placed in a predictable order.A person's entire chromosomal set is known as their karyotype. An image of a person's chromosomes that has been created in a lab, separated from a single cell, and placed in numerical order, is also referred to by this phrase. An abnormality in chromosomal number or structure can be detected via a karyotype.The chromosomes in a cell are often grouped in pairs, from largest to smallest, in a karyotype, which is a photographic image or other depiction of the entire chromosome population.A person's entire chromosomal set is known as their karyotype. An image of a person's chromosomes that has been created in a lab, separated from a single cell, and placed in numerical order, is also referred to by this phrase.The complete question is,
How do you define a karyotype kid?
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fill in the blank. In man, two abnormal conditions, cataracts (C) in the eyes and excessive fragility (F) in the bones, seem to depend on separate dominant genes located on different chromosomes. Normal vision and normal bones are recessive traits. A man with cataracts and normal bones, whose father had normal eyes, married a woman free from cataracts but with fragile bones. Her father had normal bones. _________ What is the genotype of the man with cataracts and normal bones? _________ What is the genotype of the woman with normal vision and fragile bones?
Because the gentleman has normal bones, which is a recessive trait, his genotype for such a characteristic is ff.
Recessive trait: what is it?corresponds to a trait that can only be seen in homozygous individuals; it is a trait that is often hidden by other inherited qualities but persists in populations of heterozygous individuals. It is a trait that a recessive mutation expresses.
What human qualities are recessive traits?One type of heritable changes for a trait, illness, or problem that is passed down through families is autosomal recessive characteristics. 2 cells of something like the trait or condition must be present in order for a recessive gene or disease to manifest. The gene or characteristic will be found on a completely non genome.
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one of two identical sister parts of a duplicated chromosome
Chromatid is the name for one of the two identical sister pieces of a duplicated chromosome that has been replicated in preparation for cell division.
Our chromosomes, which contain the genetic material that defines who we are, must be copied during cell replication and sent to each of the new cells. To maintain the proper number of chromosomes in each cell, these chromosome copies, called chromatids, have a unique structure connecting the two that permits meticulous separation into new daughter cells.
One of a chromosome's two identical halves that has undergone replication in order to facilitate cell division is referred to as a chromatid. The two "sister" chromatids are joined together by the centromere, a constricted region of the chromosome. Spindle fibers connected to the centromere pull sister chromatids to opposite sides of the cell during cell division. The cell then splits into two daughter cells with identical DNA very quickly.
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How can you classify plants? At least 10 ways
Plants classification is based on a two-name system developed by the famous botanist Linnaeus. Each plant is given a first name and last name, generally based in Latin, that is unique to each species.
Why do we classify plants?Plant classification is a system of dividing plants into groups and categories according to characteristics. The system of plant classification is essential to reduce complications or confusions in determining a plant's identity.
The most basic division is between nonvascular plants and vascular plants. Vascular plants are further divided into those that reproduce without seeds and those that reproduce with seeds.
Kingdom Plantae is broadly composed of four evolutionarily related groups: bryophytes (mosses), (seedless vascular plants), gymnosperms (cone bearing seed plants), and angiosperms (flowering seed plants).
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List three of the deviations from anatomical position of the figure below. 1. Person is not looking forward, face is facing on lateral side 2. Thumbs are pointing inward when they should be pointing
away from body
When a person is standing straight, looking ahead, with both arms hanging loosely at their sides and their palms facing forward, this is known as being in anatomical position or the typical anatomical position.
Supine, prone, right lateral recumbent, and left lateral recumbent are the four primary positions from an anatomical perspective. With their feet level on the ground and looking forward, the legs are parallel. Either in front or to the side (example, the kneecap is located on the anterior perspective of the leg). back, dorsal or posterior (example, the shoulder blades are located on the posterior side of the body). Toward the body's mid-line is referred to as medial (example, the middle toe is located at the medial side of the foot).
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An agent used to reduce the number of bacteria on a toilet seat would most accurately be called a(n): a. disinfectant b. antiseptic
c. aseptic d. sterilant
e. virucide
An agent used to reduce the number of bacteria on a toilet seat would most accurately be called a(n):b. antiseptic
Which of the following approaches to bacterial control is the most effective?Only fungi are killed by antifungals; not bacteria. To combat the microorganism that has to be controlled, a suitable antimicrobial agent must be chosen. The best method for preventing microbial development is heat sterilisation and disinfection.
High or low temperatures, desiccation, osmotic pressure, radiation, and filtration are examples of physical agents. Disinfectants, antiseptics, antibiotics, and chemotherapeutic antimicrobial compounds are examples of chemical agents used for control.
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Part H: Simulate the Effectiveness of the Home Over Time
Choose any two features of your eco-friendly home, and simulate quantitatively how these features could save energy or reduce carbon dioxide emissions cumulatively over five years.
Get started by researching energy use data or carbon dioxide emissions savings for your specific home features. Many government agencies such as the Department of Energy and the Environmental Protection Agency have data or estimates of carbon dioxide or energy expenditures for different household devices and appliances. Manufacturers might also offer this information. Some of the online tools you’ve already used in this activity may provide information to help you make your case. Here are some examples of the type of information to research:
If you used energy-efficient light bulbs in the house, you could use this calculator to estimate how many pounds of carbon dioxide are saved each year per light bulb compared to traditional light bulbs.
If your model included a wind turbine near the home, you could research how much electricity a home turbine in your ZIP code generates and compare that amount to the average annual energy requirements for a home of that size.
Show your carbon dioxide or energy savings cumulatively. An example is shown. Be sure to include a reference section for your data. You can use the Insert Table tool to create a table in the answer space. Or you can use a spreadsheet program on your computer that can compute your data cumulatively over time. Your instructor may give you additional instructions.
The two features of the eco-friendly home discussed will be solar panel installation and every efficient windows.
What are the eco friendly home about?Solar panel installation: By installing solar panels on the roof of the home, a significant portion of the energy consumed by the home can be generated from the sun, reducing the need for fossil fuels and the associated carbon dioxide emissions. Over a five-year period, assuming an average daily energy consumption of 30 kilowatt-hours (kWh) and an average solar panel efficiency of 15%, the cumulative energy savings would be approximately 32,850 kWh and the reduction in CO2 emissions would be approximately 22,200 pounds.
Energy efficient windows: By installing energy efficient windows, the home's insulation is improved, reducing the amount of energy needed to heat and cool the home. Over a five-year period, assuming an average daily energy consumption of 30 kWh and a 20% reduction in energy consumption due to the installation of energy efficient windows, the cumulative energy savings would be approximately 21,900 kWh and the reduction in CO2 emissions would be approximately 15,000 pounds.
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