The insect converts about ten percent of the plant's energy into biomass.Only 10% of the insect's energy is subsequently converted by the bird into biomass. As you move up the food chain, this persists.
This explains why an ecosystem's energy model has a pyramidal structure. The biomass decreases as you move up the food chain.This is because energy is transferred very inefficiently across tropic levels, with 90% of the energy being wasted to the environment as heat energy.In the scientific discipline of biotechnology, organisms’ genetic makeup is altered. This raises the standard of living.Inserting a gene that causes plants to release compounds that fight insects into them is the best choice among the possibilities presented. This is due to the fact that it entails altering the genome of the plant organism in order to provide it resistance to insect invasion.
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True or false? for a signal transduction pathway to be activated, hormones must be present in the bloodstream at very high concentrations.
For a signal transduction pathway to be activated, hormones must be present in the bloodstream at very high concentrations. This is False.
The process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events, most commonly protein phosphorylation catalyzed by protein kinases, which ultimately results in a cellular response is known as signal transduction. The binding of extracellular signaling molecules and ligands to receptors on the cell surface or inside the cell that trigger events inside the cell to elicit a response is referred to as the signal transduction pathway. The response can then change the metabolism, shape, and gene expression of the cell.
Signal transduction (also known as cell signaling) is the transmission of molecular signals from the outside of a cell to the inside. To ensure an appropriate response, signals received by cells must be effectively transmitted into the cell. Cell-surface receptors initiate this step.
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how does norepinephrine inhibit smooth muscle action in airways, but is able to stimulate contractions in most other smooth muscles of the body?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine increase the charge of contraction of the smooth muscle of Ciona intestinalis.
Norepinephrine, also referred to as noradrenaline, the substance is released predominantly from the ends of sympathetic nerve fibers and acts to boom the pressure of skeletal muscle contraction and the fee and pressure of contraction of the heart.
Norepinephrine, produced through the adrenal medulla, is a stress hormone that increases blood stress, heart rate, and glucose from energy stores; within the kidneys, it will purpose constriction of the clean muscular tissues, resulting in reduced or inhibited go with flow to the nephrons.
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Rudy has chronic trouble staying awake in class. What part of the brain is most likely responsible for rudy’s drowsiness?
If Rudy has chronic trouble staying awake in class, then the part of the brain that is most likely responsible for his drowsiness is the reticular formation.
What is the reticular formation?The reticular formation is a network that connects or links the spinal cord and the brain in the human nerve system, which is involved in different functions and is known to have an evolutionary meaning in the primate taxonomic group.
This area (the reticular formation area) is associated with different roles such as for example the sensory function, the motor function, behavioral issues, and also some type of emotional cues.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the reticular formation is a network in the human nervous system that plays different functions and is responsible for the drowsiness of an individual, as well as motor functions or behavioral cues.
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Explain how electrolytes in the body are essential to proper body function. What is a common electrolyte used by athletes and why is it used?.
The major electrolytes used by athletes are magnesium, sodium, calcium and potassium and they use it to sustain the body water level.
What is electrolytes ?The body requires electrolytes, which are ions or other compounds, to maintain blood and water levels.
Different electrolytes, including K+, a significant blood constituent, can be found in blood.As a result, electrolytes are typically consumed by athletes, who primarily consume magnesium, calcium, and potassium.In order to prevent their body water levels from falling below a comfortable level, athletes use electrolytes.As a result, they typically take electrolytes to maintain different hormone levels in addition to maintaining the water level.Electrolytes are beneficial for athletes to increase cardiovascular activity.Learn more about Electrolytes here:
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the division of a species or subspecies into immunologic types based on the antibody reaction to cell wall, flagellum, or capsule antigens is known as
The division of a species or subspecies into immunologic types based on the antibody reaction to cell wall, flagellum, or capsule antigens is known as bacteria.
What are bacteria?
Bacteria are known as unicellular organisms and they perform a function of digesting nutrients and other important nutrients in order to run the living cycle as well as the ecosystem. Bacteria are considered as good decomposers and they generally decomposes the waste materials.
The decomposers are considered as the living thing that feeds on and breaks down plant and animal matter into simpler parts or substances. decomposer. The thin layer that has been formed the outer covering of the cell has been known as the cell membrane. It has been composed of the lipid bilayer which has a embedded proteins.
Therefore, The division of a species or subspecies into immunologic types based on the antibody reaction to cell wall, flagellum, or capsule antigens is known as bacteria.
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Which marsupial almost never drinks water, has humanlike fingerprints, and loves to eat eucalyptus?.
The koala is a marsupial that almost never drinks water and has humanlike fingerprints. It is native to Australia and loves to eat eucalyptus. Koalas are nocturnal animals and spend most of their time sleeping in trees.
Koala are very good climbers and can stay in one place for hours. Koalas are very quiet animals and the only sound they make is a loud snore.Koalas are often referred to as "koala bears" due to their bear-like appearance, but they are not actually related to bears. Koalas are shy and solitary animals that spend most of their time in the trees. They are nocturnal creatures that sleep for up to 20 hours each day.
Koalas are proficient climbers and can leap up to 3 m (9.8 ft) from one tree to another. They have strong claws that enable them to grip onto tree branches. Koalas have a slow metabolism and can live for up to 20 years in the wild.
The main threats to koalas include habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as predators such as dogs and foxes. Koalas are listed as "vulnerable" on the IUCN Red List.
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The concept that engaging in a behavior over and over again can lead to changes in your brain is known as ______________.
The concept that engaging in a behavior over and over again can lead to changes in your brain is known as Neuroplasticity.
By creating new synaptic connections throughout time, the brain is said to be neuroplastic, or able to adapt to changes in the environment.
It is described as the nervous system's capacity to alter its activity in response to internal or external stimuli by rearranging its connections, structure, or functions following wounds like a stroke or traumatic brain injury Neuroplasticity Alludes to the physiological adjustments made to the brain as a result of our interactions with the outside world. The connections between the cells in our brains change as our demands change from the time the brain starts to grow in utero until the day we die. This dynamic process enables us to absorb knowledge from and adjust to various experiences.
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Which of these best describes what occurs during cytokinesis?
Select one:
a.The chromosomes are separated.
b.The cell begins to divide by replicating the chromosomes.
c.The cytoplasm is divided between the two new daughter cells.
d.The nucleus opens to allow the chromosomes to enter the cytoplasm.
Answer: The correct option is (The cytoplasm is divided between the two new daughter cells)
Explanation: Have a good day :)
modern humans occupied cold-temperate environments before they were able to occupy australia. group of answer choices true false
True, modern humans occupied cold-temperate environments before they were able to occupy Australia.
What is environment?The natural environment or natural world includes all living and non-living things that occur in nature. In other words, it is not artificial in this case.The term is most commonly applied to the earth or parts of the earth.The environment can be defined as the totality of all biotic and abiotic factors and their influences that affect human life.All living or biotic elements are animals, plants, forests, fisheries and birds, while abiotic or abiotic elements include water, land, sunlight, rocks and air.For humans, the environment is our natural world, including the atmosphere, land, vegetation, seas, rivers, lakes, and so on. Simply put, the term refers to the entire physical environment of the earth.To learn more about environments from the given link :
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A cube cut from a potato is placed in a beaker of distilled water. The potato cells have a relatively high concentration of starch and a relatively low concentration of water. The diagram represents the water and starch molecules in and around one of the potato cells in contact with the water in the beaker.
Which row in the chart correctly describes what would be expected to occur in the potato cells, with regard to both the starch and water molecules?
According to the given statement the potato cells will gain volume as water enters the cell.
What are starch molecules?A polysaccharide, such as starch, is produced when a series of glucose molecules are bonded together to form a longer polymer. In starch, there are two varieties of polysaccharides: Amylose is a glucose linear molecule. a branched chain chain of glucose termed amylopectin. Long chains of coupled sugar molecules make up the structure of starch. The primary purpose of starch in plants is to aid with energy storage.
Where are the starch molecules?In addition to such glycogen in the liver as the cassava plant's roots, the potato tuber, the stem pith of tapioca, and the seeds with corn, wheat, and rice, starch is also stored in plastids in the granule form.
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Describe the logic that you need to apply to test whether two trees show the same relationship among extant taxa or not.
Result for an image Describe the reasoning you must use to determine whether two trees display the same relationship between current taxa.On a phylogenetic tree, terminal taxa that are more closely related are connected by shallower nodes .
In comparison to taxa whose most recent common ancestor is older, those with a more recent common ancestor are more closely related. On the phylogeny shown above, for instance, the triangle and oval taxa are separated from one another while the circle and triangle taxa are close to one another.Reading a family tree is similar to comprehending a phylogeny. The ancestral bloodline is symbolized by the tree's root, while its offspring are shown by the branches' points. You advance through time as you move from the root to the tips.
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If the rna transcript 5′‑augaucggaucgauccau‑3′ is translated codon by codon from one end to the other, which of the polypeptides would correspond to this part of the mrna?.
The polypeptides that would correspond to this part of the mRNA are NH2- Met-Ile-Gly-Ser-Ile-His -COOH.
A polypeptide, or chain of amino acids, is created during translation by "decoding" a messenger RNA (mRNA). A polypeptide is essentially just a protein for most purposes (with the technical difference being that some large proteins are made up of several polypeptide chains).
Translation gets started as soon as the mRNA binds to the ribosome. The transcribed mRNA is paired with particular tRNA molecules that are each connected to a corresponding amino acid during translation.
Proteins are made by joining several amino acids together to form polypeptides. The bonding of two or more polypeptides results in the formation of proteins, which are then folded into the appropriate shape.
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If you want to protect the plants from insect damage, should you encouraged birds to forage on the plants, or put netting over the plants to keep birds out? explain your reasoning.
To avoid pest damage, foraging is encouraged on crops.
Birds should be encouraged to forage on crops because they are a natural predator of many harmful insect species. By allowing birds to forage on the plants, insect populations will decline, which will lessen plant damage.
Pest management or pest control is a process for getting rid of or controlling unwanted animals like pests. Rodents, cockroaches, termites, bedbugs, poisonous spiders, and other vermin are some of the pests that pest control services remove.
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which letter represents the biceps brachii muscle? which letter represents the biceps brachii muscle? a b c d
The biceps brachii muscle is denoted by the letter "B" in most anatomical illustrations. This muscle is located in the upper arm and is responsible for flexing the elbow.
The biceps brachii is a two-headed muscle, meaning it has two points of origin. The muscle arises from the shoulder blade and the upper arm bone. It inserts into the forearm bones. The biceps brachii is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve.This muscle is located in the upper arm and is responsible for flexing the elbow joint. Additionally, the biceps brachii muscle assists in supinating the forearm (turning the palm of the hand upward).
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A large piece of rock contains a thick-shelled clam fossil. What evidence does this fossil best provide?.
It best provides evidence of the previous environment in the area where the rock was discovered.
What is a Fossil?
A fossil is a living organism's remnant or evidence. When an animal or plant is buried beneath sedimentary layers, it becomes a fossil. The softer tissues of dead plants and animals are broken down by microorganisms, but the harder parts, such as shells, bones, skeletons, leaves, seeds, and woody plants, remain intact.
These relics are eventually buried by different sedimentary layers. These sediments eventually combine to form hard rocks.
This gives information about the age of the fossil in relation to the rock in which it was discovered. Throughout the course of evolution, animal and plant species have undergone numerous time-related adaptations.
As a result, fossilized rocks demonstrate that early living things existed and evolved over time. The presence of a thick-shelled clam fossil in a large piece of rock reveals information about the previous environment in the area where the rock was discovered.
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Describe a common group behavior and explain how it increases survival chances for individuals within the group.
it is for my science class
Answer:Group behavior, also known as collective behavior, can increase the chances for a species to survive and reproduce because they can rely on each other to accomplish behaviors that are crucial for their survival, such as hunting, migrating, and breeding.
Explanation:According to ethologists, social species highly depend on the members of their own group for survival. One perfect example is the case of schooling fish. These small species of fish gather in a whole large group and navigate long distances while looking for food. Researchers from Princeton University discovered that their orientation capabilities increased when more individuals joined the group, making them more responsive to the environment.Moreover, there have been numerous sources of evidence that demonstrate that orcas (killer whales), which are extremely social creatures, create large pods of around 20 to 30 individuals and 'plan' strategies to hunt. Also, older females swim along younger individuals to teach them hunting skills that are crucial for their survival.In addition, herbivores, like zebras, are usually found in large groups because it lowers the possibilities of being individually targeted by apex predators, such as lions.Recently, researchers have also discovered that migrating species often rely on each other to improve their migrating capabilities by producing or generating social cues that allow them to improve their orientation or in cases when environmental conditions get tough (Source).In conclusion, these lines of evidence show that social organisms who travel in groups rely on all members to carry out important behaviors that, without them, would provoke an important decline in their populations because they wouldn't be able to reproduce or feed individually as successfully as they would with the 'help' of the members of the group.
A common group behavior is social grooming in primates, which involves the use of touch and grooming to strengthen social bonds within the group. Social grooming is important for a number of reasons, including reducing stress, preventing conflict, and strengthening social bonds.
How social grooming increases survival chances for individuals within the group?One way social grooming increases survival chances for individuals within the group is by promoting cooperation and social support. In many primate groups, individuals that are well-groomed and have strong social bonds are more likely to receive help from others when they need it, such as during fights or when they are sick or injured.
Social grooming also helps to reduce stress and anxiety, which can improve overall health and well-being.
Another way social grooming increases survival chances is by promoting group cohesion and reducing the risk of group fragmentation. When individuals in a group have strong social bonds, they are more likely to work together and cooperate, which can improve the group's chances of finding food and avoiding predators.
Social grooming also helps to prevent conflict by reducing tension and aggression within the group, which can help to maintain group stability and cohesion.
Overall, social grooming is an important group behavior that helps to promote social bonds, cooperation, and group cohesion, all of which can improve survival chances for individuals within the group.
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what is the function of baroreceptors in the aortic arch and carotid arteries
what is opsonization? the sticking of monocytes to the wall of the blood vessels at the site of infection. the coating of a pathogen by complement to facilitate phagocytosis. nonspecific leukocyte secretion of toxins onto the surface of virally infected cells. damage resulting in cell lysis.
It is the coating of a pathogen by complement to facilitate phagocytosis.
What is phagocytosis?
Phagocytosis is the process by which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a large particle, giving rise to an internal compartment called the phagosome.
Opsonization refers to the process or molecular mechanism that uses opsonins to make a molecule (e.g. antigen) palatable to the phagocyte. For instance, opsonins (e.g. antibodies) bind to the surface of the bacterial cell.
Examples of opsonins are antibody molecules such as the IgM that are capable of activating the complement system to increase the susceptibility of antigens to phagocytosis.
Apart from phagocytosis, opsonization can also promote antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
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The finished product or waste that forms as a result of a process is known as _______.
A.
positive feedback
B.
the input
C.
negative feedback
D.
the output
What will happen when the ribosome shifts one codon further on the mrna, assuming the next codon is not a stop codon? select all that apply.
Stop-codon read-through is the term for the process in which a ribosome continues translation into a transcript's otherwise untranslated region (UTR) after moving beyond the stop codon.
The adaptive hypothesis states that stop-codon read-through is a key, regulated mechanism for producing proteome diversity. Recent ribosome-profiling research in eukaryotes have revealed widespread stop-codon read-through that also varies among tissues. Here, we present and test a competing theory that stop-codon read-through is primarily nonadaptive and primarily results from molecular mistakes. The read-through probability, frequency of read-through-related sequence motifs, and conservation of the read-through region are all specific predictions made by the error hypothesis that are each supported by genome-scale data from yeasts and fruit flies.
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Full Question :
What will happen when the ribosome shifts one codon further on the mRNA, assuming the next codon is NOT a stop codon? (Select all that apply)
A. The tRNA that was carrying the polypeptide will be ejected from the ribosome
B. A new tRNA will bind to the ribosome
C. The tRNA that is shown in the A site in the figure above will ne ejected from the ribosome
D. The tRNA carrying the polypeptide will be in the P site
E. The sites of the ribosomes will be relabeled (from left to right) P, A, E.
When a trait is x-linked, a single recessive allele is sufficient for a male to be affected. Why?.
When a trait is x-linked, a single recessive allele is sufficient for a male to be affected because he carries only one X chromosome
What do you mean a single recessive allele is sufficient for a male to be affected ?Genetic disorders connected to mutations in genes on the X chromosome are referred to as having X-linked recessive inheritance. Because he contains just one X chromosome, a male who carries this mutation will be affected. A female with a gene mutation on one X chromosome but a normal gene on the other is typically unaffected.
Males are more frequently affected by X-linked recessive disorders. Men only possess one X chromosome. The disease is brought on by a single recessive gene on that X chromosome. The Y chromosome makes up the second half of the male XY gene pair.Learn more about X-linked allele here:
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in endochondral ossification, the precursor connective tissue is , which is replaced by bone.
Using the theories of tissue, we got that Cartilage is the precursor connective tissue which is replaced by bone in endochondral ossification.
Endochondral ossification is the process by which embryonic cartilaginous model of most bones contributes to the longitudinal growth and is gradually replaced by the bone. During endochondral ossification, chondrocytes proliferate, undergo the hypertrophy and die; the cartilage extracellular matrix they construct is then invaded by the blood vessels, osteoclasts, the bone marrow cells and osteoblasts, the last of which deposit bone on the remnants of cartilage matrix.
Hence, in endochondral ossification, the precursor connective tissue is` Cartilage , which is replaced by bone.
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what is blood preassure ?
Answer:
the pressure of blood in the circulatory system, often measured for diagnosis since it is closely related to the force and rate of the heartbeat and the diameter and elasticity of the arterial walls.
Which sequence of events is the correct sequence for triggering conscious perception of an odor?.
Odorant binds to receptor protein; activate G protein; activate adenylate cyclase; formation of cyclic AMP; depolarization of nerve fiber; action potential triggered.
What is protein?Proteins are found throughout the body, including muscles, bones, skin, hair, and almost every other body part or tissue. They make enzymes that facilitate many chemical reactions and hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood. . At least 10,000 proteins keep you on your toes.Proteins can be informally classified into three main classes that correlate with their typical tertiary structures. Globular proteins, fibrous proteins, membrane proteins. All cells in the human body contain proteins. The basic structure of proteins is a chain of amino acids. You require protein in your diet to help your body repair cells and make new ones. Protein is also important for the growth and development of children, adolescents, and pregnant women.To learn more about protein from the given link :
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Suppose you discovered a mutation in sea urchins that caused them to produce eggs with an overly dense vitelline envelope. What would you expect to see if you combined these eggs with normal sperm?.
The new cell formed by the union of an egg and a sperm is known as a zygote.
What number of cells make up a zygote?A zygote (fertilized egg) is only one cell for the initial twelve hours following fertilization. It divides into two cells after around 30 hours. These two cells split into four cells around 15 hours later. The zygote will have 16 cells in it after three days. It is known as a morula at that moment.
How much time does a zygote need to grow into an embryo?A zygote becomes a blastocyst, which is a small ball of cells, and then develops into an embryo over the course of five to six days. The zygote divides and becomes two cells few hours after the sperm and egg combine.
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in considering the relative contributions of genes and environment, most scientists would agree that:
In considering the relative contributions of genes and environment, most scientists would agree that Genes and environment interact to determine behavior.
Our genes affect our hormone composition. This hormones can influence how easy for us to achieve a certain emotion(small example, there are cases when a person that is born with abnormally high testosterone become more prone to anger).Our environment affects the way we observe and perceive the world. For example, let’s say that a child born in an abusive household. Throughout his life, that child constantly observed his father hitting his mother after every arguments. This make the child become more likely to believe that this type of violence is an acceptable way to resolve an issue.
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viruses are agents that can infect all cell types; choose the correct answer to complete each sentence.
Using the theories of viruses, we got that viruses are agents that can infect all cell types, the correct answer to complete each sentence are:
Viruses can infect all types of cells.
Numerous viruses infect bacteria. They are called influenza.
Fewer viruses have been discovered that infect the other domain of prokaryotes, the cells eukaryotic
Viruses have been classified into the numerous families based primarily on archaea structure, life cycle, morphology, and genetic relatedness.
A virus is the small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms. Viruses can infect all the types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including the bacteria and fungi. According to the type of host they infect, viruses are classified mainly into the following four types:
(a) Plant viruses including the algal viruses-RNA DNA
(b) Animal viruses including human viruses- DNA/RNA
(c) Fungal viruses(Mycoviruses)-ds RNA
(d) Bacterial viruses (Bacteriophages) including cyanophages.
Hence, viruses are agents that can infect all cell types, the correct answer to complete each sentence are :
Viruses can infect all types of cells.
Numerous viruses infect bacteria. They are called influenza.
Fewer viruses have been discovered that infect the other domain of prokaryotes, the cells eukaryotic
Viruses have been classified into numerous families based primarily on archaea structure, life cycle, morphology, and genetic relatedness.
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(Complete question) is:
viruses are agents that can infect all cell types; choose the correct answer to complete each sentence.
Viruses can infect all types of _________
Numerous viruses infect bacteria. They are called _________
Fewer viruses have been discovered that infect the other domain of prokaryotes, the cells _______
Viruses have been classified into the numerous families based primarily on _________ structure, life cycle, morphology, and genetic _________.
how can materials move from one vessel element to the next
Nutrients travel from cell to cell in a liquid stream through the numerous tiny holes in the end walls of vessel tube components.
What is vessel tube?
An organ that carries blood is called a blood vessel. Blood that is oxygenated leaves the left side of the heart and flows into the aorta. The aorta divides into arteries, which further divide into more compact arterioles. The smallest blood vessels, the capillaries, are supplied with blood and oxygen by arterioles.
Because they are so tiny, capillaries are only visible under a microscope. The capillary walls are permeable to carbon dioxide and oxygen. From the capillary, oxygen travels to the cells of the tissues and organs. Carbon dioxide enters the capillaries from the cells.
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Which of the following terms best describes the pairing of an existing conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit an additional conditioned response?
Higher-order learning
Higher-order learning best describes the pairing of an existing conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit an additional conditioned response.
When a new unconditioned stimulus is associated with a conditioned stimulus, higher-order conditioning, also known as second-order conditioning, takes place.
Secondary reinforcement is the operant conditioning term for the corresponding phenomenon. Even when the original unconditioned stimulus is no longer present, these higher-order conditioned stimuli can still elicit responses.
One study, for instance, found that when participants were shown images of snakes and spiders alone, they responded with greater fear than when they were shown images of the animals accompanied by an unpleasant noise.
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The importance of the element Carbon is pointed out in this unit. Which statement below explains why?
Without carbon life on Earth would be impossible. This is because carbon readily forms bonds with other atoms, providing flexibility in the forms and functions that biomolecules such as DNA and RNA can adopt.
Essential for the defining characteristics of the growth and reproduction of life. Carbon is essential to all known living systems and life could not exist without it. Carbon is available in the form of hydrocarbons other than food and wood such as fossil fuels methane gas and crude oil. Carbon fiber is a strong, yet lightweight and durable material that has many uses.
Carbon is the chemical backbone of life on Earth. Carbon compounds regulate the Earth's temperature, form the food that nourishes us, and provides the energy that powers the global economy. Most of the carbon on Earth is stored in rocks and sediments. The rest is in the ocean-atmosphere and life. Carbon can combine with four other atoms to form various molecules.
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