what is the purpose of adding alum to water during the water treatment process?
The benign liquid alum (aluminium sulphate) is frequently used in water treatment facilities to clear drinking water.
It has been utilised in lakes since the early 1970s to lessen the phosphorus content of the water.
Alum dissolves in water and makes the pollutants in suspension heavier, causing them to settle down more quickly. So, loading refers to the addition of alum.
The most frequent use of alum in water treatment is as coagulants. Impurities were made larger by coagulants so they would settle in the sedimentation tanks. Pathogens found in the water can be killed by alum as well.
It facilitates sludge settlement in the secondary clarifiers, which improves the efficiency of the recycled water treatment process by allowing for the passage of cleaner, less turbid water. Additionally, struvite does not accumulate inside the digesters as a result of the alum in the effluent.
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48 liters of co2 is kept at -33 degrees Celsius,at what temperature will the volume double
Answer:
The temperature is kept constant. What new volume does the gas occupy? Two hundred liters of gas at zero degrees Celsius are kept under a pressure of 150 kPa.
Explanation:
Oxygen gas is at a temperature of 40°C when it occupies a volume of 2.3 liters.
Is bf3 polar or non polar?.
The B-F bond is polar. In order to understand why BF3 is polar, it is important to first understand its molecular geometry. BF3 has a trigonal planar shape, which means that it has three atoms bonded to a central atom in a flat, triangular arrangement.
In this case, the central atom is boron (B) and the three bonded atoms are fluorine (F).
The B-F bond is polar because Boron has a lower electronegativity than Fluorine. This means that the electrons in the bond will be more attracted to the Fluorine atom, giving it a partial negative charge and the Boron atom a partial positive charge.
This creates a dipole moment in each B-F bond.
Since the three B-F bond dipoles are arranged in a plane with an angle of 120 degrees between them, the dipoles cancel each other out, resulting in a net zero dipole moment and making BF3 a polar molecule.
However, it is important to note that the polarity of a molecule doesn't always depend on the dipole moment, but also on the symmetry of the molecule.
BF3, although has a net zero dipole moment, symmetry is not perfect. The three bond dipoles are arranged in a plane, but they are not equal in magnitude and direction. This creates an overall molecular dipole moment, making BF3 polar.
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Ordinary hydrogen contain 99. 30 of protium atom and 0. 70 deuterium atom. Calculate the atomic number of hydrogen
The atomic number of hydrogen is 1.
Key points:
The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element.Hydrogen is the lightest element and its most common isotope, called protium, has just one proton in its nucleus.A small fraction of hydrogen atoms, about 0.01%, are the isotope called deuterium which has one proton and one neutron in its nucleus.So, the atomic number of hydrogen is 1, regardless of whether it is protium or deuterium.Hydrogen is also the first element in the periodic table and the atomic number is used to arrange elements in the table by increasing atomic number.Learn more about hydrogen here:
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Amazon ell a 12 pack of Sprite for $5. 79. Each can hold 12 fluid ounce. How much are you paying per gallon?
The price per gallon is $5.16.
How much are you paying per gallon?To determine the price per gallon, we first need to convert the number of fluid ounces in each can to gallons.Therefore, to convert fluid ounces to gallons, we divide the number of fluid ounces by 128.A 12 pack of Sprite cans holds 12 fluid ounces x 12 = 144 fluid ounces.In gallons it will be equal to 144 fluid ounces / 128 fluid ounces/gallon = 1.125 gallons.To determine the price per gallon, we divide the total price of the 12 pack by the number of gallons.$5.79 / 1.125 gallons = $5.16/gallon.So the price per gallon is $5.16.
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word equation for magnesium + sulphur (vi) acid
Mg + H2SO4 →→→ MgSO4 + H2
Magnesium reacts with sulphuric acid to yield magnesium salt and hydrogen gas
How do I balance this?
Answer: 4NH3 + 5O2 —-> 4NO + 6H2O
Explanation: You balance it by making sure each have the same amount on each side.
There is 4 nitrogen on each side.
There is 12 hydrogen on each side (4*3) and (6*2).
There is 10 oxygen on each side (5*2) and (4+6)
compare the size of ions to the size of atoms from which they form
Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they form. Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they form. Ions are usually bigger than the atoms from which they are formed.
When an atom receives or loses electrons, the atom's electron configuration changes, resulting in a net positive or negative charge.
This net charge expands the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus, making the ion bigger in size than the neutral atoms from which it arose. When a metal atom loses one or more electrons to create a cation, it shrinks in size because the positive charge of the nucleus pulls the remaining electrons more strongly.
When a nonmetal atom obtains one or more electrons to create an anion, it normally expands in size.Because of the increasing amount of electrons, the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus grows. It should be noted that this comparison is not absolute and is dependent on the individual factors involved. Some ions are smaller than their neutral atom counterparts, while others are similar in size.
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The complete question is:
Compare the size of ions to the size of atoms from which they form.
Can anyone please help me. It’s a pretty big one. (100 points) I don’t know if it’s chemistry or physics. I do know that it’s part of science.
In the expiration of the extended deadline in 1982, most activists and lawmakers conceded defeat to the ERA. However, in the four decades since Congress first proposed the ERA, courts and legislatures have realized a large portion of what the amendment was intended to achieve.
What are the world's oldest known rocks ?The major events in geologic time ranged from 4,500 million to 540 million years and included the formation of Earth and the discovery of the oldest rocks.
The formation of the majority of primitive fossils.
The production of oxygen in the early atmosphere.
The beginning of complex life.
4.36 billion years are the oldest zircon dates. Prior to this study, the oldest dated rocks were from the Acosta Gneiss in the Northwest.
The oldest zircons in the study, which came from Western Australia's Jack Hills, were around 4.3 billion years old.
The Cambrian explosion kicked off the Paleozoic Era. It came to an end with the Permian extinction. Invertebrates diversified in the oceans during the era.
Extinction events in the past have been caused by extreme temperature changes, rising or falling sea levels, and catastrophic, one-time events such as a massive volcano erupting or an asteroid striking Earth.
Cycads, glossopterids, primitive conifers, and ferns had spread across the landscape by the end of the Paleozoic. The Permian extinction occurred 251.4 million years ago.
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Stuck on bottom question, got to look at 5 images above and try describing what each sentence mean to that structure.
The correct answer is simple molecular structure.
What is a molecule?
It can be homonuclear, that is, it consists of atoms of one chemical element, eg two atoms in an oxygen (O2) molecule; or it can be heteronuclear, a chemical compound composed of more than one element, eg water (two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom; H2O). In the theory of gases, the term molecule is often used for any gaseous particle, regardless of its composition.This relaxes the requirement that the molecule contain two or more atoms, since noble gases are single atoms.Atoms and complexes connected by non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen or ionic bonds are not usually considered to be single molecules.To know more about molecule, click the link given below:
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Pleaseee help now ASAP nowww please help
Phosphorous at 18.9%. According to analysis, sodium, phosphorus, and oxygen make up 42.1%, 18.9%, and 39% of sodium phosphate, respectively.
What is the short definition of percentage composition?The ratio of the amounts of each element to the sum of the individual element amounts present in the compound, multiplied by 100, is the definition of the percentage of a given compound. In this instance, the quantity is expressed in grams of the constituent ingredients.
What distinguishes mass percent from percent composition?The proportional mass of each component of a compound is known as the percent composition. The mass percent of a compound is the weight of an element expressed as a share of the complex's overall mass. For instance, a molecule of water has a structure of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms.
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If 2.09 mol of ethane (C₂H6) undergo combus-
tion according to the unbalanced equation
C₂H6+ O2 CO₂ + H₂O,
how many moles of O₂ is required?
Answer in units of mol. Answer in units of
mol.
how much heat must be removed to freeze a tray of ice cubes if the water has a mass of 40.0 q? heat offusion=334 j/g; q = mHf
The heat that is removed is obtained as 13.36 kJ.
What is the heat that is to be removed?We have to note that the heat that is to be removed can be obtained from the heat of fusion of the substance. We have to note that the heat of fusion has to do with the heat that is absorbed or evolved when the substance is changed from solid to liquid.
We know that;
q = mL
q = Heat that is absorbed or evolved
m = mass of the object in grams
L = Heat of fusion.
Then we have;
q = 40 g * 334 J/g
q = 13.36 kJ
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Solve C2H4 + O2 = CO2 + H2O using the algebraic method.
C2H4 + O2 → CO2 + H2O ⇒ C2H4 + 2.5O2 → 2CO2 + H2O
How does balancing of chemical rection?The algebraic method of balancing a chemical equation involves writing the reactants and products of the reaction as symbols and assigning each side of the equation a numerical coefficient to balance the equation. The coefficients must be rational numbers, and all coefficients must be multiplied by the same number to conserve the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation.For example, if a reaction is written as A + B → C, then the coefficients of A and B are multiplied by the same constant until the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation is equal. If the coefficients of A and B are 2 and 3 respectively, then they must both be multiplied by 3 to balance the equation, so the balanced equation would be 6A + 9B → C.
In this question
Step 1: Balance the equation.
C2H4 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
2C2H4 + 5O2 → 4CO2 + 2H2O
Step 2: Isolate the variable.
Divide both sides of the equation by 2.
C2H4 + 2.5O2 → 2CO2 + H2O
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one or more atoms of an element having the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons are..
a. elements have isotopes.
b. various means of forming chemical bonds.
c. isomers have an integer atomic mass value.
d. more than one atomic number.
Atoms having the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons are the elements have isotopes.
Isotopes are the atoms which is having the same number of protons but the different numbers of neutrons. Isotopes having the different atomic masses. The relative abundance of an isotope is the percentage of an atoms with a specific atomic mass which is found in a naturally occurring sample of an element. The number of protons in a nucleus will determines the element's atomic number on the Periodic Table. For example, carbon having six protons and its atomic number will be 6.
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Helppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp
Answer:
বোকাচোদা মাণ্ডু খানকির ছেলে চোদাচুদি করে
What is kinetic energy class 11?.
Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion.
It is the energy an object has because of its movement, regardless of the direction it is moving in. The kinetic energy of an object increases as the square of its velocity, so as the velocity increases, the kinetic energy increases rapidly. It can be calculated by using the formula KE = 1/2 * m * v^2, where KE is the kinetic energy, m is the mass of the object and v is the velocity of the object. Kinetic energy is a scalar quantity, meaning it does not have a direction, and it is measured in joules (J). It is an important concept in physics and it can be found in many everyday applications, such as in sports, transportation, and machinery. Kinetic energy is also a form of mechanical energy and it is related to other forms of energy such as potential energy and thermal energy.
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Why do data centers use so much energy?.
Data centers consume a large amount of energy to power their servers, cooling systems, and other necessary equipment.
Data centers have become increasingly important to the modern world, supporting the growing demand for cloud computing and storage. But, with this rise in usage comes an increase in energy consumption.
This energy consumption has significant implications for the environment and the cost of running a data center. In an effort to manage these costs, data centers have implemented multiple strategies to reduce their energy usage.
These strategies include using more efficient servers, utilizing renewable energy sources, and improving the efficiency of their cooling systems.
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If metal X is lower then metal Y in the activity series, then what would happen?
Metal X replaces Metal Y ions in a solution because it is lower in the activity series than Metal Y. It is a single displacement reaction.
Metal X is above Metal Y in the reactivity series when replacing Metal Y from its respective salts.This replacement is guaranteed since X has a greater reactivity power than Y. If it were less than Y, it wouldn't cause a reaction since it wouldn't move Y.
A single replacement reaction, also known as a single displacement reaction, occurs when one element in a molecule is swapped out for another. Starting ingredients are always pure elements combined with an aqueous compound, such as pure hydrogen gas or zinc metal. A new aqueous compound and a different pure element will be produced as products when a replacement reaction takes place. Below is a general representation of a single replacement reaction.
A+B+C→A+CB
Single displacement reaction occurs where metal X replaces metal Y ions in the solution
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Copper oxide (CuO) i reacted with ulfuric acid (H2SO) to make copper ulfate (CuSO4)
and water (H20). A. Calculate the total relative formula ma (Mr) for the reactant of thi reaction
The total relative formula ma (Mr) for CuO is 79 and H2SO4 is 98
What is relative formula mass?
The total of the relative atomic masses of the atoms represented by the numbers in the formula represents the relative formula mass of a substance composed of molecules.
Copper II sulfate is a cyan-blue chemical that is produced when copper (II) oxide, a black solid, reacts with sulfuric acid. Water and copper (II) sulfate are produced by the reaction of copper (II) oxide with sulfuric acid. This reaction can be categorized as either a neutralization reaction or a double displacement reaction.
CuO(s) + H2SO4 (aq) → CuSO4 (aq) + H2O(l)
Relative formula mass, Mr for:
CuO: 63 + 16 i.e. 79
H2SO4: 1*2 + 32 + 4*16 i.e. 98.
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Place each noble gas symbol in front of the appropriate partial electron configuration to create an accurate electron configuration.
An electron configuration that is complete up to a certain partial electron configuration must exist in the noble gas that comes before it.
When fully written out exactly before the partial electron configuration, the electron configuration of the noble gas should provide us with a reliable electron configuration for some element.
Our noble gas should at least be in the third period as the highest principal energy level in the first series bears the number 4. (numerically, the energy level is the same as the period number). Argon would be that noble gas. Note: All noble gases have an electron configuration that contains Np6, where N is the greatest main energy level. The partial electron configuration provided is not that of a noble gas.
Therefore, [Ar] serves as the noble gas that suitably comes before our first partial electron configuration.
The electron configuration of argon is1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶.. By applying the Aufbau Principle, 4s2 would naturally come after 3p6. Writing out t 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰4p²; is identical to writing [Ar]4s23d104p2, which also happens to be the electron configuration of germanium.
Hopefully, now that we have the basics established, we can use them to determine the noble gases that come before the remaining partial electron configurations.
Iodine's electron configuration is [Kr]5s²4d¹⁰5p⁵
The electron configuration of fluorine is [He]2s²2p⁵
Lead's electron configuration is [Xe]6s²4f¹⁴5d¹⁰6p²
Magnesium's electron configuration is [Ne]3s²
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Complete Question -
Place each noble gas symbol in front of the appropriate partial electron configuration to create an accurate electron configuration.
How are the molar masses of molecules determined?.
The molar masses of molecules can be determine by finding the atomic mass of an element on the periodic table and sum every element in the compound.
The mole is typically used by chemists to measure how many atoms or molecules make up a substance. According to Avogadro's number, one mole (abbreviated mol) equals 6.022x10²³ molecular entities. Each element has a unique molar mass based on the weight of 6.022x10²³ of its atoms (1 mole).
Finding the atomic mass of an element on the periodic table will allow you to calculate its molar mass. Sulfur, for instance, has a molar mass of 32.066 g/mol if its atomic mass is 32.066 amu.
Scientists may readily translate between mass, number of moles, and number of atoms using dimensional analysis by understanding the link between the molar mass (g/mol), moles (mol), and particles.
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____a region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons
Atomic orbitals are places on an atom where there is a very high chance of finding electrons. Electrons are located in the area termed the electron cloud that surrounds the nucleus of an atom.
The set of primary particles that comprise an atom includes many other particles than the electron. Like other elementary particles, electrons can collide with other particles and, when they are diffracted, exhibit wavelike characteristics. Atomic orbitals are places on an atom where there is a very high chance of finding electrons. A chemical element is made up of an atom, which is the smallest building block of ordinary matter. Every substance—solid, liquid, gas, and plasma—is made up of neutral or ionised atoms. The average atomic diameter is 100 picometers or less.
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Select all intermolecular forces that contribute to creating a solution of CH2Cl2 In H20. a. London Dispersion b. lon-dipole c. Dipole-dipole d. H-bonding
Intermolecular forces that contribute to creating a solution of CH2Cl2 in H2O are London Dispersion forces, Dipole-dipole interactions, and Hydrogen bonding.
London Dispersion forces occur between all molecules and result from the fluctuating distribution of electrons in the molecules, leading to a temporary dipole moment.
Dipole-dipole forces are attractive interactions between the positively charged end of one molecule and the negatively charged end of another molecule.
Hydrogen bonding occurs between molecules with hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to highly electronegative elements such as nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine. In the case of CH2Cl2 in H2O, hydrogen bonding could occur between the polar H2O molecules and the chlorine atoms of the CH2Cl2 molecule.
Therefore, Intermolecular forces that contribute to creating a solution of CH2Cl2 in H2O are London Dispersion forces, Dipole-dipole interactions, and Hydrogen bonding.
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Is NH3 and BF3 polar?.
[tex]NH_{3}[/tex] and [tex]BF_{3}[/tex] are both polar molecules.
This is because [tex]NH_{3}[/tex] has a net dipole moment due to its asymmetrical arrangement of electron distribution, while [tex]BF_{3}[/tex] has a non-zero dipole moment due to its trigonal planar shape.
[tex]NH_{3}[/tex] has a net positive charge at its central nitrogen atom due to the lone pair of electrons, while [tex]BF_{3}[/tex] has a net negative charge at its central boron atom due to its three bond pairs of electrons.
This difference in charge distribution of the two molecules results in a net dipole moment in each molecule.
In conclusion, [tex]NH_{3}[/tex] and [tex]BF_{3}[/tex] are both polar molecules, but [tex]NH_{3}[/tex] is more polar than [tex]BF_{3}[/tex] due to its asymmetrical electron distribution and higher dipole moment.
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Is chcl3 polar or nonpolar?.
Chloroform ([tex]CHCl_{3}[/tex]) is a polar molecule due to its asymmetrical shape.
The asymmetrical shape of the molecule [tex]CHCl_{3}[/tex] arises from the presence of the chlorine atom, which has a higher electronegativity than the hydrogen atoms.
This results in the chlorine atom having a partial negative charge and the hydrogen atoms having a partial positive charge.
This unequal distribution of charge gives the molecule a permanent dipole moment, making it a polar molecule and hence chloroform is not a nonpolar molecule.
Additionally, due to the large difference in electronegativity between the chlorine and hydrogen atoms, the molecule exhibits significant dipole-dipole intermolecular forces, which further reinforces its polarity.
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during the cleaning of a laboratory, the laboratory assistant accidentally dropped a piece of magnesium in the solution. what happened to the magnesium in the solution and write the equation for the reaction
Explanation:
It depends on the solution
If it's water it becomes
Mg + H2O »»» Mg(OH)2 + H2
But if it's any acid it becomes magnesium salt and still liberates hydrogen gas
What is emitted from the nucleus during beta decay?
β particles emitted from the nucleus during the β-decay. These are the high speed electrons with high energy.
[tex]\beta[/tex] - decay is the process where atoms emit beta particles. It occurs when an atom has either too many protons or too many neutrons in its nucleus. There are two types of beta decay. One is positive beta decay. another is negative beta decay. Positive beta decay releases a positively charged beta particle called a positron and a neutrino. The negative beta decay releases a negatively charged beta particle called an electron and an antineutrino. Negative beta decay is more common than positive beta decay. Beta particles have all the characteristics like electrons.
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How many moles are in 95 grams of MgCO3
1.1 moles
Explanation:Stoichiometry allows us to convert units such as grams to moles.
Molar Mass
Before we can convert grams to moles, we need to understand molar mass. Molar mass is the number of grams per mole. For example, the molar mass of oxygen is 16 g/mol. This means that there are 16 grams in one mole. Inversely, there is one mole in 16 grams of oxygen. Molar mass is a constant for each element that can be found on a periodic table.
Now, for this conversion, we need to find the molar mass of MgCO₃. To do this, we need to find the molar mass of each element within the compound.
Mg = 24.3C = 12O = 16Now, multiply each molar mass by its subscript; then add the molar masses together.
24.3 + 12 + 3(16) = 84.3 gramsThe molar mass of MgCO₃ is 84.3 grams.
Converting to Moles
Now we need to use stoichiometry to convert grams to moles. So, we are going to divide the grams by the molar mass.
[tex]95g*\frac{1mol}{84.3g} =1.127 mol[/tex]So, there are approximately 1.127 moles in 95 grams. However, due to significant figures, we round this to 1.1 moles.
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Phosphorous at 18.9%. According to analysis, sodium, phosphorus, and oxygen make up 42.1%, 18.9%, and 39% of sodium phosphate, respectively.
What is the short definition of percentage composition?The ratio of the amounts of each element to the sum of the individual element amounts present in the compound, multiplied by 100, is the definition of the percentage of a given compound. In this instance, the quantity is expressed in grams of the constituent ingredients.
What distinguishes mass percent from percent composition?The proportional mass of each component of a compound is known as the percent composition. The mass percent of a compound is the weight of an element expressed as a share of the complex's overall mass. For instance, a molecule of water has a structure of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms.
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