A ligand binding region will always exist on the lumen side of the ER whenever it is added during the production of the a transmembrane protein located in the plasma membrane.
What is cytoplasm and its function?Cytoplasm is the name for the gel-like substance which makes up a cell. In chemical processes, it acts as a catalyst. It provides a framework again for operation of other organelles within the cell. All of the procedures of cell division, growth, or replication take place in the cytoplasm of every cell.
What are 3 main functions of cytoplasm?Its cytoplasm, that also protects the components against damage, holds the components of the cell in place. It gives the cell its distinct shape and keeps the chemicals required for cellular function.
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a selectively permeable membrane divides a container in half. one half of the container, side a, is filled with a starch solution, while the other half, side b, is filled with an iodine tincture. starch is a large macromolecule that forms a milky white solution when dissolved. an iodine tincture contains very small iodide ions and is a brown solution. iodide ions turn dark blue when they react with starch molecules. after several hours, side a is dark blue, while side b is brown. which statement describes the diffusion of solutes through the membrane?
The iodide ions flowed across the barrier, but the starch molecules were blocked.
The information provided indicates that starch is a big macromolecule. Substances always diffuse from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. Iodide ions become dark blue as a result of their reaction with starch. Iodide ions seeped through to the membrane from side B to side A of the container because side A turned dark blue. The side A got dark blue as a result, and the side B would have turned dark blue as well if starch had diffused from side A to side B via the membrane. However, the dark solution was on side B. As a result, the barrier prevented the passage of the big starch molecules.
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The cell membrane maintains homeostasis by selectively allowing certain molecules to _______________ and others to _____________.
The cell regulates or maintains homeostasis through selective permeability. This means that the cell membrane only allows certain things into
how will the solution in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria change upon activation of thermogenin? a. [atp] will increase b. poh will increase c. ph will increase d. ph will decrease
upon activation of thermogenesis, intermembrane space of the mitochondria produce ATP and heat
Under normal circumstances, the primary source of ATP is produced during the mitochondrial respiration process, which occurs in all cells. Respiration also produces heat, though, because the energy efficiency of the connection of respiration to ADP phosphorylation is less than 100%. The other thermogenic metabolic processes primarily include fruitless cycles and ATPases, such as the energy-dissipating plasma membrane ATPase-Na+/K+ and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca++-ATPase systems.
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suppose a diploid cell with three pairs of homologous chromosomes (2n = 6) enters meiosis.
Meiosis occurs normally 3 only. In sexually reproducing organisms, meiosis is a kind of cell division that results in a reduction in the number of chromosomes in gametes.
In sexually reproducing organisms, meiosis is a unique type of cell division of germ cells that results in the production of gametes, such as sperm or egg cells. It comprises two rounds of division, producing four cells with only one copy of each chromosome as a final product (haploid). Additionally, each chromosome undergoes genetic material cross-pollination between the paternal and maternal copies before division, resulting in novel combinations of the genetic code on each chromosome. Later, when a male and a female go through meiosis, the haploid cells they generate unite to form the zygote, another cell with two copies of each chromosome. The most common genetic cause of developmental problems and the primary known cause of miscarriage are errors in meiosis that result in aneuploidy (an incorrect number of chromosomes).
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Suppose a diploid cell with three pairs of homologous chromosomes (2n=6) enters meiosis. How many chromosomes will the resulting gametes have in each of the following cases? Meiosis occurs normally
which structure in humans is lined with ciliated mucous membrane, is supported by cartilaginous rings, and functions as a passageway for air?
Esophagus alveolus is a structure in humans lined with mucous membranes, supported by cartilaginous rings and acting as an airway.
Mucous membrane, also known as mucosa (plural: mucosae), is a layer of cells that surrounds the body and its organs. of internal parts. It has one or more layers of epithelial cells that cover the normal tissue layer. It is usually of endodermal origin and continues to the skin and body openings such as the eyes, eyelids, ears, inside the nose, inside the mouth, lips, genitals, urethral opening and energy. . Some mucous membranes secrete the nose, a large protective fluid. The function of the skin is to stop infection and dirt from entering the body and to prevent the body from losing water.
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Closure/Coping is acceptance of a loss.
Closure is acceptance of a loss.
The right response is completion. A grieving individual finds closure when they acknowledge the truth of their loss. the recognition of loss. 8. Coping is the ability to skillfully navigate through challenging life transitions.Accept the suffering and examine your grief. Don't merely reply, "Everything is OK," when friends inquire how you are doing. Recognize your struggles. Find a support network. Consult with a bereavement counsellor. Think about how you feel about the things you've lost. The stages of grief—denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance—can be cycled through (often quickly) when we are experiencing persistent, traumatic bereavement. These phases represent our efforts to protect ourselves and process change as we adjust to a new reality.Understanding that your loved one has passed away is one thing, but accepting the loss on an emotional level is another. Accepting how much they meant to you and how their death will affect your life might also mean acknowledging how much they meant to you.
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The central nervous system consist of the a. sense organs. b. reflexes. c. brain and spinal cord. d. sensory and motor neurons.
The spinal cord and brain constitute the central nervous system. The body's processing center is the central nervous system.
The brain and spinal cord are the two components of the central nervous system. This system, which consists of nerve tissues, regulates bodily and mental activities. The peripheral nervous system is composed of nerves that emerge from the spinal cord and cover the whole body. Cerebellum, brainstem, and cerebrum make up the brain (midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata). Both the peripheral and the central nerve systems make up the nervous system: The spinal cord and brain are parts of the central nervous system.
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what level of organization is the endocrine system in?
and what level of organization is the digestive system in?
The level of organization that the endocrine system is known as the organ system. While the level of organization in which the digestive system is is known as the organ system.
What is the level of organization?The level of organization may be defined as the collection of structures in nature that are usually defined by part-whole relationships, with things at higher levels being composed of things at the next lower level.
In living organisms, a cell is the basic fundamental structural and functional unit of life. Cell initiates the level of organization in the manner as follows:
Cell < Tissue < Organ < Organ system < Organism.With this aspect, the endocrine system and the digestive system consist of a series of organs, so both of the systems fall under the category of organ system at the level of organization.
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suppose human activities that influence the carbon cycle came to a complete stop. use the information provided in the figure to predict the net effect on global carbon cycling.A) Carbon cycling would be brought into balance so that it moves at equal rates through all compartments.B) Carbon cycling would be shifted toward an increase in deposition in sediments and fossil fuels and a decrease in inorganic carbon dioxide levels.C) Carbon cycling would be shifted toward an increase in outgassing of carbon dioxide from ocean waters and a decrease in carbon levels in living plant biomass.D) Carbon cycling would be shifted toward an increase in dissolution of carbon dioxide into ocean waters and a decrease in carbon levels in living plant biomass
Carbon cycling would be shifted toward an increase in deposition in sediments and fossil fuels and a decrease in inorganic carbon dioxide levels.
Option B is correct
What impact has human activities had on the carbon cycle?On the carbon cycle, human actions have a significant impact. Significant amounts of carbon are released into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels, altering how land is used, and using limestone in concrete.
What impact do people have on the carbon cycle quizlet?Burning fossil fuels and cutting down trees both have an impact on the carbon cycle. A lot of extra CO2 is released into the environment via manufacturing emissions and car exhausts. Despite the fact that today's cars are less polluting, more cars mean more CO2 emissions!
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if this observed trait difference were due to a difference in the original colonizing population, it would most likely be due to
If this observed trait difference were due to a difference in the original colonizing population, it would most likely be due to genetic drift. It occurs randomly among a population but does not occur in a larger population. It is a result of erroneous allele selection. Therefore, fitness can either increase or decrease; this is merely a matter of chance.
1. A difference in the environment and/or resources that the two populations encountered when they colonized the new area. For example, one population may have encountered an area with abundant food sources, while the other population may have encountered an area with limited resources.
2. Differences in the genetic makeup of the two populations. For example, one population may have had a gene that allowed them to better exploit the resources of their environment, while the other population may have lacked this gene.
3. Different environmental pressures that the two populations faced. For example, one population may have faced predators while the other population may have had little or no predation pressure.
4. Different reproductive strategies that the two populations adopted. For example, one population may have adopted a more monogamous mating system, while the other population may have adopted a more promiscuous mating system.
5. Different selection pressures that the two populations faced. For example, one population may have been exposed to natural selection that favored certain traits, while the other population may not have been exposed to this type of selection pressure.
6. Different levels of inbreeding or genetic drift that the two populations experienced.
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the hereditary determinant of a trait or a section of dna that codes for a protein.
Gene the component of DNA that codes for a protein or the genetic factor that determines a characteristic.
What is hereditary ?
The transfer of genetic information from one set of parents to another is known as heredity, also known as inheritance or biological inheritance. This process occurs through either asexual or sexual reproduction, and results in the offspring cells or organisms acquiring the genetic makeup of their parents. Individual differences can compound through genetics, leading to the natural selection-driven evolution of species. Genetics is the study of heredity in biology.
When a male and a female gamete combine their nuclei to create a zygote, this process is known as fertilization, and it is through this process that genetic traits are passed from parents to children. For instance, a baby born to two parents with blue eyes would always have blue eyes.
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which change is positively correlated with the changes observed in dendritic spines in the cortex of fear-conditioned mice
behavioral frozen events becoming more frequent . Animals respond to threats in qualitatively various ways, including by freezing and actively engaging in fight-or-flight reactions.
Fight-or-flight responses involve sympathetically driven heart rate acceleration, whereas freezing is a type of behavioral inhibition followed by parasympathetically controlled heart rate deceleration. Although freezing may be useful for stress management in humans, little is known about its phenomenology and neurological foundations in this species. Research on rodents has demonstrated that the brainstem's amygdala projections are necessary for freezing (periaqueductal grey).
Similar brain regions may be implicated in human freezing, according to recent neuroimaging research in humans. Furthermore, effective stress-coping requires the ability to quickly switch between frozen and active protective modes, which depends on fronto-amygdala connections. This review article proposes a model that describes the relevant brain mechanisms.
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Which of the following is classified as an inorganic compound:
Reason: Some basic carbon compounds are referred described as inorganic.These substances include, among others, carbon monoxide, co2, carbonates, carbides, cyanides, water, cyanates, & thiocyanates.
What is a compound that is considered to be inorganic?As well as those carbon-containing compounds that do not possess carbon - carbon bond, such as cyanides and carbonates, inorganic compounds also include those that are composed of two or more substances other than carbon.The most common way to categorize inorganic compounds is according to the individual elements or groups thereof elements that they include.
Which four inorganic chemicals are they?The four categories of inorganic substances that are crucial to life are examined in the section that follows: water, salts, acid, and bases.
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in his work with pneumonia-causing bacteria and mice, Griffith worked with an S strain of the bacteria, which was lethal to the mice and an Rstrain, which was not lethal to the mice. Griffith found that: a. genetic information from Scells was transferred to cells, making them pathogenic b. heat-killed Scells were lethal to mice. c. the polysaccharide cost of the R bacteria was lethal in mice. d. the protein coat from Scells was able to transform nonpathogenic cells.
Griffith found that genetic information from S cells was transferred to cells, making them pathogenic.
What is S cells?The jejunum and duodenum contain S cells, cells that secrete secretin. A drop in pH to 4 or lower in the small intestine's lumen stimulates them. The pancreas will secrete more bicarbonate (HCO3) into the lumen as a result of the secretin being released.
This is primarily achieved by an increase in cyclic AMP, which activates CFTR and causes it to release chloride anions into the lumen. Following this, the luminal Cl is involved in a bicarbonate transporter protein exchange in which the cell reabsorbs the chloride and secretes HCO3 into the lumen. One of the major sources of cyclosamatin production is S cells.
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As discussed in the chapter opener, select all of the characteristics common to individuals with down syndrome.
Multiple select question.
a. increased risk of cardiac defect
b. upwardly slanted eyes
taller than normal
c. ow muscle tone extreme mental dysfunction
d. mild to moderate intellectual disability
Down syndrome is often referred to as Trisomy 21. The newborn may experience difficulties with their mental and physical development as a result of this additional copy, which alters how their body and brain grow. People with Down syndrome may act and appear alike, yet each one has unique skills.
All races and socioeconomic classes are susceptible to Down syndrome, but older mothers are more likely to give birth to a child with the condition. A woman who is 35 years old has a probability of conceiving a child with Down syndrome of roughly one in 350, and by the time she is 40, her likelihood rises to one in 100.
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Reading:
Jack and Diane had worked hard to make it through college at the University of Houston. Both had taken out student loans and worked full-time to make it through. The hard work paid off when Jack got his first electrical engineering job at a large computer company in Houston making $35,000 a year. Diane graduated with a degree in child development and started a little daycare center in their new suburban home outside Houston.
Things were going so well that they decided to make an addition to the family, and luckily enough, nine months later, a bouncing baby boy arrived. Danny seemed to be a perfectly healthy baby boy. When Danny started to walk, he fell a lot, as most children do. On one occasion Danny hit his head on the coffee table and cut himself above his right eye. As concerned parents, Jack and Diane took Danny to their local pediatrician to see if he needed stitches.
As they were driving to the doctor, Diane commented that the bleeding would not stop. When the pediatrician began sewing up the eye, he knew that there was more to the cut than just a simple laceration. The doctor asked the concerned parents if Danny was a hemophiliac. To this point, they had never had any reason to suspect that their little boy had any problems with blood clotting. The doctor took some blood and sent it to the lab to be analyzed. Their fears were confirmed--Danny was a hemophiliac.
Hemophilia refers to a group of bleeding disorders in which it takes a long time for the blood to clot. In severe cases, serious bleeding may occur without any cause and internal bleeding may occur anywhere.
Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive characteristic that usually occurs in males. If a mother is a carrier of the recessive gene there is a 25% chance she will have a child who is a hemophiliac. If females are born with hemophilia they are certain to have problems during puberty. To treat this problem, victims are given transfusions of Factor VIII, which is one of the platelet chemicals that healthy people produce to clot blood. The cost of Factor VIII transfusions can run up to $80,000 a year per patient. Luckily for Jack and Diane, they had insurance through his company. The insurance paid 90% of the bills so that left $8,000 to be paid by Jack and Diane. This put a small stress on their marriage. However, they decided to have another child, even though they knew there was a 25% chance their next child could be a hemophiliac also.
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Questions:
Genetic counselors are health professionals with specialized graduate degrees and experience in the areas of medical genetics and counseling. As part of their job, they work as members of a healthcare team to provide information and support to families who may be at risk for a variety of genetic conditions.
Pretend you are a genetic counselor and you are meeting with Jack and Diane. What advice would you offer them about having another child? What support would you offer them knowing they already have one child with hemophilia? Use the space below to write a short paragraph.
-----------------------
Which of the following accurately describes the problem presented in the reading?
A) Jack and Diane are a married couple who are deciding where to obtain advanced educational degrees.
B)Jack and Diane, a hard-working married couple, have a son who hit his head and it won’t stop bleeding.
C)Jack and Diane, a hard-working married couple, have a son who hit his head and now must receive medical treatment at a local hospital
As a genetic counselor I would offer them the following advice about having another child:
I would offer Jack and Diane support and understanding in this difficult decision. I would discuss the risks involved with having a second child with hemophilia, as well as other potential genetic conditions they may face. I would also work with them to explore the various testing options available to them, if they choose to pursue it. Additionally, I would provide them with resources and guidance on how to provide the best medical care and support for their affected child. I would ensure they are aware of the various support systems available to them, both locally and nationally.
What do you mean by the term Hemophilia?
Hemophilia is a rare, inherited genetic disorder in which the blood does not clot properly due to a deficiency in clotting factors, which are proteins found in the blood. This can lead to uncontrolled bleeding, most commonly in the joints, muscles and internal organs.
Furthermore,
Jack and Diane, a hard-working married couple, have a son who hit his head and it won’t stop bleeding.
The above statement describes the problem presented in the reading.
Therefore, the correct option from the given statements is Option B.
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what do the different bands in the same lane of an agarose gel represent?
Different bands obtained when the plasmid DNA is run on agarose gel is because of the fact that different conformations of the DNA have different extend of friction with agarose gel while migration.
What type of plasmids are present?Plasmids generally exist in 3 conformations: super coiled, open circular and linear. In-vivo, plasmid DNA is a tightly super coiled circle to enable it to fit inside the cell. In the laboratory, when we extract plasmid , most of the DNA will remain super coiled, but a certain amount will be in open circular and linear conformations. The open circular form of plasmid exist due to the break in only one of the strands, the DNA will exist as circular. The break will allow rotation around the phosphodiester back bone of DNA due to which super coils will be released, thus creating open circular DNA. The plasmid exists in the linear form when there is a cut in the circular DNA.
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which cytokines are believed to contribute to autoimmune disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis? which cytokines are believed to contribute to autoimmune disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis? chemokines interferons tumor necrosis factor (tnf) hematopoietic cytokines
It is thought that cytokines called tumor necrosis factor (TNF) play a role in autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis.
A multipurpose cytokine called tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is crucial for many distinct biological processes, including cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and death.
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) aids the body in fighting off infections in a healthy person. However, elevated blood levels of TNF might result in needless inflammation and unpleasant symptoms in persons with autoimmune illnesses.
TNF is mostly generated by macrophages, but B cells, natural killer cells, endothelium and muscle cells, fibroblasts, and osteoclasts can also secrete a negligible amount of it.
The Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF Alpha) Blood Test (Labcorp) test determines the amount of TNF Alpha in a sample of blood. White blood cells normally create the protein known as a cytokine called tumor necrosis factor (TNF) as part of the body's response to infection.
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the secretion of aldosterone is brought about by all these factors except one. which factor is incorrect?
The incorrect factor is Renin. Renin leads to secretion.
Renin leads to the secretion of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex. The incorrect factor is light. Light has no effect on the secretion of aldosterone. Aldosterone is a steroid hormone that is secreted by the adrenal glands and plays a key role in regulating blood pressure and maintaining electrolyte balance. The secretion of aldosterone is regulated by the renin-angiotensin system, which is activated by decreased blood pressure, decreased blood volume, and increased potassium levels. It is also regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which is activated by stress and inflammation. Therefore, light does not have any effect on the secretion of aldosterone.
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which of the following is true for lymph? a.) it is a colorless fluid. b.) it is only found in the spleen. c.) it is a component of blood. d.) it is the fluid that cushions the brain.
The statement: "It is a component of blood" is true for lymph.
What do you mean by Lymph?
Lymph is a clear, slightly yellowish fluid that circulates throughout the body. It is an important part of the body's immune system, carrying white blood cells and other substances to fight infection and disease. The lymphatic system is composed of lymph vessels, lymph nodes, and organs such as the spleen and thymus.
What is the Immune system?
The immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from foreign invaders, such as bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. Its main components are the white blood cells, antibodies, the complement system, the lymphatic system, the spleen, the thymus, and the bone marrow. The immune system recognizes foreign invaders and attacks them, while also recognizing and tolerating "self" cells, tissues, and organs.
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the pancreas produces a special hormone, which stimulates the absorbtion of blood sugar. this hormone is called
Glucagon. Glucagon is a hormone that regulates blood glucose levels in conjunction with other hormones and physiological processes.
It is an essential element that maintains the body's blood glucose levels since it originates from beta cells, which secrete insulin, and alpha cells, which are present in the pancreas. Insulin and glucagon, which control blood glucose levels, and somatostatin, which inhibits the production of insulin and glucagon, are the two primary hormones secreted by the endocrine gland in the pancreas. The pancreas controls blood glucose levels by producing a variety of hormones, most notably glucagon and insulin, and keeping them within a relatively small range of 4-6 mM. The regulated and opposing actions of glucagon and insulin, often known as glucose homeostasis, enable this preservation.
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t cells are primarily resopnsible for
The immune system's T cells are specialized to target particular foreign substances.rather than attacking all antigens equally.
What functions do the T cells perform?As well as preserving immunological memory and self-tolerance, T cells express a receptor that has the capacity to recognize a variety of antigens from infections, tumors, and the environment.Additionally, a number of inflammatory and autoimmune illnesses are thought to be greatly influenced by T cells.
Do T cells have a role in immunity?Considering as they are the sole cells in the organism capable of recognizing and responding individually to each antigenic epitope, the T and B lymphocytes (T and B Cells) were engaged in the acquired and antigen-specific immune response.
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Which of the following is a physical barrier in the nonspecific (innate) defense of a mammalian
host? Select one
Inflammation
Fever
Mucous membranes
Antibody
Phagocytosis
The physical barrier in mammalian host nonspecific defense is mucous membranes.
The true choice is C
The body's defense system is a system that protects the body from harmful particles, pathogens, disease-causing foreign objects, and abnormal body cells. The body's defense system is divided into two, namely the specific body defense system and the non-specific body defense system
External nonspecific defenses are the body's most external defenses, and their combat protects against antigens entering the body. For example, the skin, mucous membranes or mucous membranes, and tear glands.
Specific defense is the immune system that can identify and remember specific pathogens so that it can be prepared in case of infection with the same pathogen in the future. An important example of an adaptive immune system is lymphocytes.
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Explain the difference between loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue.
Loose connective tissue attempts to hold organs set up and is comprised of an extracellular network and collagenous, versatile, and reticular strands. Dense connective tissue makes up ligaments and tendons and comprises a higher thickness of collagen filaments.
Loose connective tissue is a sort of connective tissue with inexactly organized collagen strands. Be that as it may, it comprises numerous cells. Loose connective tissue is the most widely recognized kind of connective tissue in vertebrates and it holds the organs set up and appends the epithelial tissue to the hidden tissues. It for the most part encompasses the veins and nerves. Fibroblasts are broadly scattered in the free connective tissue, discharging protein filaments and proteoglycans to the extracellular lattice. The loose connective tissue is grouped in light of the sort of protein filaments in the extracellular grid and the wind of the strands.
The dense connective tissue is the sort of connective tissue wherein the primary grid part is the protein filaments. That implies dense connective tissue comprises various protein strands in the lattice. The primary fiber part of the dense connective tissue is the collagen filaments. Since the dense connective tissue is impervious to an extent, it gives solidarity to organs and tissues. The groups called ligaments and containers in the joints are framed by dense connective tissue. Ligaments are one more construction created by dense connective tissue to interface muscles to bones. Muscles are covered by layers of dense connective tissue.
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does rna polymerase move in a set direction along a strand of dna during transcription? a yes, the rna polymerase moves in a direction that reads the bases of the dna sequence from the 5' end toward the 3' end. b yes, the rna polymerase moves in a direction that reads the bases of the dna sequence from the 3' end toward the 5' end. c no; the rna polymerase can move in either direction along the dna strand because the same sequence of bases in the rna will be produced regardless of direction.
b yes, the rna polymerase moves in a direction that reads the bases of the dna sequence from the 3' end toward the 5' end.
In the 5' to 3' direction, RNA polymerase creates an RNA transcript that is complementary to the DNA template strand. The DNA double helix is opened as it advances down the template strand in the 3' to 5' direction. The DNA helix is unwound right before the active site for polymerization by the RNA polymerase, exposing a fresh area of the template strand for complementary base-pairing. During strand elongation, RNA polymerase starts traveling from 3' to 5' down the DNA template strand while connecting complementary nucleotides. This results in the formation of a new strand of mRNA that is structured in the 5' to 3' direction thanks to complementary base pairing.
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Phenotypes that exhibit continuous variation are often the result of ________.
Phenotypes that exhibit continues variation are often the result of multifactorial inheritance.
What is phenotypes?Phenotype refers to any of the individual's observable by traits, such as a height, eye color and definitely blood type. A person's I'd always phenotype is determined by both theirs genomic makeup also known as (genotype) and the environmental factors.
Multifactorial inheritance, in by which alleles contribute to in an additive manner to the the phenotype along with their environmental and influences, is an automatically by accepted mechanism for producing to the phenotypes exhibiting to the continuous variation. results from the interaction and of a number of gene expression loci specifying by a given trait.
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which pathogen attacks specific types of cells by attaching itself onto the cell, injecting genetic material into the cell, and then making copies of itself? bacterium parasite virus fungus
A virus assaults particular types of cells by adhering to the target cell, transferring genetic material into the target cell, and then duplicating itself.
What factor is crucial for a virus' adhesion to a host cell?These "lock-and-key" interactions, which are essential for viruses to successfully invade host cells, take the form of the viral attachment protein acting as the "key" that interacts with the "lock"—the receptor—on the cell surface to unlock host cells.
How can a virus get inside a cell?When a virus enters the body of its host, it moves along the cell surfaces until its proteins start to connect with receptors on the cells. The virus and the cells subsequently merge, allowing the virus' DNA or RNA to enter the cells.
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these phylogenetic trees represent two interpretations of the origin of hair in humans and dogs in which hair is or is not homologous in humans and dogs. for each interpretation, did the most recent common ancestor of humans and dogs have hair? which tree is correct?
An evolutionary tree - A diagram that groups species according to the relative recency (time) of their common ancestry in order to demonstrate evolutionary links among DNA or protein sequences.
A phylogenetic tree is a visual representation of the evolutionary connections between various creatures. Phylogenetic trees are theories rather than proven truths. A phylogenetic tree's branching pattern illustrates how many species or other groups developed from a number of common predecessors.
Phylogenetic Tree Types
tree with roots. Make a conclusion regarding the tree's leaves or branches' most recent common ancestor.tree with no roots. Make an illustration using the leaves or branches and avoid assuming anything about the most recent shared ancestor.branching tree. The Tree with Many FascesLearn more about Phylogenetic Tree is visit here;
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the pieces of bone that are knocked off during the application of sharp force to the bone are called:
The pieces of bone that are knocked off during the application of sharp force to the bone are called wastage.
Bone is living tissue which makes up the skeleton of the body. There are five types of bones in the skeleton namely flat bones, long bones, short bones, irregular bones, and sesamoid bones. The primary function of the bones is to provide structural support to the body and enable mobility. During fractures, a measurable amount of bone withers off. Deficiency of vitamin D also causes erosion of bone which causes various health conditions which are detrimental in nature. If the bone is broken into many pieces, it is known as comminuted fracture. The severity of a bone loss or wastage depends upon the type of bone and its location.
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Part A Select the correct sequence of steps as energy is extracted from glucose during cellular respiration o electron transport chain citric acid cycle glycolysis acetyl CoA glycolysis acetyl CoA citric acid cycle electron transport chain 0 citric acid cycle electron transport chain glycolysis acetyl CoA glycolysis citric acid cycle acetyl CoA electron transport chain acety CoA citric acid cycle electron transport chain glycolysis Hints My Answers Give Up Review Part s the correct general equation for celular respirat on?
Glycolysis → acetyl CoA → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain.
While pyruvate oxidation, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation take place in the mitochondrion, glycolysis happens in the cytosol.
What are the three steps in using glucose for energy?To create ATP, they all metabolize glucose. The Krebs cycle, is also known as citric acid cycle, electron transport, and glycolysis are the three processes that make up cellular respiration.
What exactly is glycolysis in detail?The process in which glucose is broken down to produce energy is known as glycolysis. It also generates 2 pyruvates, ATP, NADH, and water. There is no need for oxygen in the process, which occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell. Both aerobic and anaerobic creatures experience it.
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