Economics is divided into two branches namely microeconomics and macroeconomics. Both branches have a different perspective, but they are interrelated and interdependent. The interdependency of the economic system can be studied through analyzing a country’s economy as a tree or a forest or as a unit and as a whole.
Microeconomics is a branch of economics that studies the behavior of individuals, households, and firms concerning the allocation of resources and decision-making on pricing and consumption of goods and services. The focus of microeconomics is on the supply and demand of products in the market. It deals with the factors affecting the prices of goods and services and how they impact the behavior of producers and consumers.
On the other hand, macroeconomics is the branch of economics that studies the behavior of the economy as a whole. It examines the economy’s performance and stability concerning issues like inflation, unemployment, and gross domestic product (GDP). The focus of macroeconomics is on the overall economic activity and its impact on society.
The relationship between the two branches can be analyzed through a tree and forest perspective. Microeconomics is the tree, and macroeconomics is the forest. The tree is a representation of the individual parts of the economy, and the forest represents the entire economy. The tree cannot exist without the forest, and the forest cannot exist without the tree.
The interdependency of the two branches is critical as the performance of one branch can impact the other. For instance, if the demand for goods and services is high, producers will respond by increasing production, leading to increased employment rates and reduced unemployment rates, which will improve the overall economy.
In conclusion, the relationship between microeconomics and macroeconomics is critical. They both have an impact on the economy, and they cannot exist without each other. The tree and forest analogy can be used to understand the interdependency of the two branches.
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KFC in Japan altered the sweetness of its coleslaw to appeal to Japanese tastes. This is an example of which type of global marketing product and promotion strategy? O product integration O product extension O product invention O product customization O product adaptation
KFC in Japan altered the sweetness of its coleslaw to appeal to Japanese tastes. This is an example of product customization, which is a type of global marketing product and promotion strategy.
Product customization is a strategy in which a business changes its products or services to satisfy the demands of various customers. Customers in various regions may have distinct tastes, preferences, and cultural norms, therefore businesses must adapt their products and services to meet those needs.
A business must also adapt its marketing and advertising approach to the local market when it modifies a product or service to meet local preferences. This is known as localization, and it includes making adjustments to packaging, product names, slogans, and other marketing communications.When KFC in Japan altered the sweetness of its coleslaw to appeal to Japanese tastes.
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The price of rice is 0.2 cents per calorie and the price of fish is 20 cents per calorie. The minimum daily caloric intake for survival is 1,200 calories. The global poverty rate is $1.90. There are 100 cents in a dollar. a. With a $1.90 budget, what is the maximum number of calories someone can purchase if they only buy rice. b. With the same budget and the additional constraint that eating the equivalent of 10 calories of fish per day, how much rice can be purchased and what is the total caloric intake per day?
a) For a $1.90 budget, it is possible to purchase: $1.90 x 100 cents / $1 = 190 cents. If rice is being bought with this budget and the price of rice is 0.2 cents per calorie, then the maximum number of calories that can be purchased is:
190 cents ÷ 0.2 cents per calorie = 950 calories.b) When eating the equivalent of 10 calories of fish per day, the caloric requirement that needs to be met is: 1,200 - 10 = 1,190 calories.Using the budget of $1.90 with the price of rice at 0.2 cents per calorie, the maximum amount of calories one can purchase is: 190 cents ÷ 0.2 cents per calorie = 950 calories.
Since the caloric requirement is 1,190 calories and 10 calories is already being consumed from fish, the total amount of calories needed from rice is: 1,190 - 10 = 1,180 calories.
Using the price of rice at 0.2 cents per calorie and the total amount of calories needed from rice at 1,180 calories, the cost of rice is: 1,180 calories x 0.2 cents per calorie = 236 cents. The total amount of cents left from the budget of $1.90 after buying the rice is: 190 cents - 236 cents = -46 cents. This means the budget is not sufficient to purchase the amount of rice needed for the daily caloric requirement. Thus, it is not possible to calculate the total caloric intake per day.
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Given that most current liabilities will be settled with cash, it is important to identify and record these liabilitie separately because it helps users to assess a. liquidity. b. cash position. c. Solvency. d. net income.
The option (a) liquidity is the correct answer. Given that most current liabilities will be settled with cash, it is important to identify and record these liabilities separately because it helps users to assess liquidity. The statement is true. Current liabilities are liabilities that must be repaid within one year or less and are settled with cash.
A company's current liabilities have a significant impact on its liquidity and ability to meet its financial obligations promptly. Liquidity is the measure of a company's ability to meet its current financial obligations as they fall due. If a company fails to meet its current liabilities promptly, it may have difficulty operating efficiently, making necessary purchases, and paying its suppliers, employees, and other obligations. As a result, assessing a company's liquidity position is critical for users of financial statements to know whether a company can meet its current liabilities without resorting to extraordinary measures. This is why it is important to identify and record these liabilities separately in financial statements so that users can quickly and accurately assess a company's liquidity position. Thus, option (a) liquidity is the correct answer.
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A concept that helps to promote effective and efficient teamwork and reduce the likelihood of errors is called _____. Select the correct answer to this question.
a. Debriefing
b. Crew resource management
c. Problem solving
d. Critical thinking
A concept that helps to promote effective and efficient teamwork and reduce the likelihood of errors is called Crew resource management.The correct answer is option B.
Crew resource management (CRM) is a concept that helps promote effective and efficient teamwork while reducing the likelihood of errors. It originated in the aviation industry and has since been adopted in various other fields, such as healthcare and emergency response.
CRM emphasizes the importance of effective communication, coordination, and decision-making within a team. It recognizes that errors often occur due to breakdowns in teamwork rather than individual incompetence.
By implementing CRM principles, teams can improve their ability to work together, solve problems, and make decisions collectively.
Key components of CRM include clear communication, assertiveness, mutual respect, shared situational awareness, and the ability to effectively manage workload and prioritize tasks.
It also encourages open and honest debriefings following team activities to identify areas for improvement and learn from mistakes.
By promoting a culture of teamwork and collaboration, CRM helps to create an environment where individuals feel empowered to speak up, contribute their expertise, and address potential errors before they lead to adverse outcomes.
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Your firm is contemplating the purchase of a new $520,000 computer-based order entry system. The system will be depreciated straight-line to zero over its five-year life. It will be worth $56,000 at the end of that time. You will be able to reduce working capital by $81,000 (this is a one-time reduction). The tax rate is 22 percent and the required return on the project is 10 percent. If the pretax cost savings are $150,000 per year, what is the NPV of this project? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
The following will be the solution to the problem at hand:
i) First of all, let's calculate the yearly depreciation of the computer-based order entry system using the formula:
Yearly Depreciation = (Initial cost - Salvage value)
/ Useful life Yearly Depreciation = (520,000 - 56,000)
/ 5 = 96,800
ii) Next, we calculate the yearly cash flow for this project:
Yearly cash flow = 150,000 - Yearly Depreciation - Tax savings- Working capital reduction Yearly cash flow
= 150,000 - 96,800 - (0.22 × (150,000 - 96,800) - 81,000
Yearly cash flow = 30,692.00
iii) Now, we calculate the total PV of the project.
Total PV = - 520,000 (initial cost)+ Σ (Yearly cash flow / (1 + 0.1) ^ n)
where n = 1,2,3,4,5,6
Total PV = -520,000 + (30,692.00 / 1.1) + (30,692.00 / 1.1 ^ 2) + (30,692.00 / 1.1 ^ 3)+ (30,692.00 / 1.1 ^ 4) + (86,692.00 / 1.1 ^ 5)
Total PV = 3,098.24
The NPV of the project is 3,098.24.
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When the patent expires, the market is open for other companies to produce and sell generics, alternative versions of the drug, and the price drops dramatically. On average, a generic drug costs about 15% of the price of the equivalent patent-protected drug, which will lose up to 90% of its market share. In the case of Lipitor, Pfizer's blockbuster drug for cholesterol, the generic version was only 8% of the price of Lipitor.
However, that sequence of events is what is supposed to happen. Makers of the original patent-protected drugs have employed a variety of strategies to block or forestall the entry of generic competitors. One very successful tactic is pay for delay, an agreement in which the patent-holder pays the generic drug maker to delay the entry of the generic drug in return for compensation. As a result, the patent-holder continues to charge high prices, the generic drug maker gets a lucrative payment, and the consumer suffers.
Pay-for-delay agreements have cost consumers an estimated $3.5 billion annually from 2005 to 2013. But in 2014 the number of such deals dropped dramatically after the U.S. Supreme Court gave federal regulators the authority to prosecute the deals as anti-competitive. With that authority, the Federal Trade Commission scored a $1.2 billion settlement from drug maker Teva over allegations it engaged in pay for delay over their sleep-disorder drug Provigl. According to industry observers, increased competition is saving consumers many billions of dollars a year.
QUESTIONS
Please answer the following questions briefly based on this reading referring to "Topic 10: Competition".
1. Why are the prices of generic drugs so much cheaper after they come off a patent?
2. Pharmaceutical firms often attempt to extend a patent period for a specific good. Why?
1. When the patent expires, the prices of generic drugs are significantly cheaper because the market is open to other companies to produce and sell generics, alternative versions of the drug.
On average, a generic drug costs about 15% of the price of the equivalent patent-protected drug, which leads to the price of the patented drug to lose up to 90% of its market share.
2. Pharmaceutical companies often attempt to extend a patent period for a specific good for the reason that when the patent expires, the market is open for other companies to produce and sell generics, alternative versions of the drug, and the price drops dramatically.
It leads to the patent-holder continues to charge high prices, the generic drug maker gets a lucrative payment, and the consumer suffers. The other strategies pharmaceutical companies have employed to delay competition include multiple patents, lawsuits against generic competitors, and exclusive distribution arrangements with distributors.
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Where can you find Amazon company`s stock-based compensation on its 10-k annual filing? Why?
a) on the cash flow statement - operating activities
b) on the cash flow statement - financing activities
c) on the income statement - non-operating expenses
d) on the income statement - operating expenses
The correct answer is (d) on the income statement - operating expenses.Amazon company`s stock-based compensation can be found on its 10-k annual filing in the income statement - operating expenses.
An income statement is one of the essential financial statements that an organization prepares every year. It is a financial statement that presents a company's revenues, expenses, and net income for a specific period, usually a year or a quarter. The income statement starts with a company's revenue and then subtracts all of its expenses to determine its net income.
Stock-based compensation is an expense that is recognized in the income statement. Stock-based compensation is the practice of offering employee compensation in the form of shares of the company's stock. Companies offer stock-based compensation to employees as a way to incentivize them to work hard and align their interests with those of the company.Therefore, the correct answer is (d) on the income statement - operating expenses.
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financial information capable of making a difference in a decision is: multiple choice relevant. verifiable. consistent. neutral.
Financial information capable of making a difference in a decision is relevant. The correct answer is a)
Financial information that is capable of making a difference in a decision is considered relevant. Relevant information is data or facts that have the potential to influence the outcome of a decision or affect the understanding of a particular situation. It is directly related to the decision at hand and provides insight or support for the decision-making process.
Relevant financial information is important because it helps decision-makers assess the potential consequences and benefits of different courses of action. It enables them to evaluate the financial implications of their decisions and make informed choices based on the available information.
Verifiability, consistency, and neutrality are also important characteristics of reliable financial information, but they do not specifically address the ability of information to make a difference in a decision. Verifiability refers to the ability to confirm or substantiate the accuracy of the information.
Consistency ensures that the information is presented in a uniform and comparable manner over time. Neutrality means that the information is unbiased and free from any subjective or personal influence.
While these characteristics contribute to the reliability and credibility of financial information, relevance is the key factor when it comes to its ability to impact decision-making. Relevant information provides decision-makers with the necessary data and insights to evaluate alternatives, assess risks and benefits, and ultimately make sound and informed decisions.
The correct answer is a)
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The Surf's Up issues 1,000 shares of 6%,$100 par value preferred stock at the beginning of 2020 . All remaining shares are common stock. The company was not able to pay dividends in 2020 , but plans to pay dividends of $18.000 in 2021 . Assuming the preferred stock is cumulative. how much of the $18.000 dividend will be paid to preferred stockholders and how much will be paid to common stockholders in 2021 ?
The Surf's Up issues 1,000 shares of 6%,$100 par value preferred stock at the beginning of 2020. All remaining shares are common stock. The company was not able to pay dividends in 2020, but plans to pay dividends of $18.000 in 2021.
Assuming the preferred stock is cumulative. how much of the $18.000 dividend will be paid to preferred stockholders and how much will be paid to common stockholders in 2021?
Given, The Surf's Up issues 1,000 shares of 6%,$100 par value preferred stock at the beginning of 2020. All remaining shares are common stock. The company was not able to pay dividends in 2020, but plans to pay dividends of $18.000 in 2021. Assuming the preferred stock is cumulative.
To calculate the amount of dividend paid to preferred stockholders and common stockholders in 2021, we first need to find the dividend for preferred stockholders before the dividend for common stockholders is calculated.
As preferred stocks are cumulative, preferred stockholders receive unpaid dividends from previous years in addition to current year dividends.
Before the dividend for common stockholders is calculated, the preferred stockholders must receive the unpaid dividend from the previous year, which was not paid.
Dividend for preferred stockholders= (Number of preferred shares × Par value per share × Dividend rate) + (Amount of unpaid dividends)1000 × $100 × 6% + 0 = $6,000.
The dividend to be paid to preferred stockholders is $6,000.
Therefore, the amount of dividend to be paid to common stockholders is: $18,000 − $6,000 = $12,000.
Hence, preferred stockholders will be paid $6,000 and common stockholders will be paid $12,000.
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Cournot duopolists face a market demand curve given by P = 90 - Q, where Q is total market demand in units. Each firm can produce output at a constant marginal cost of $30/unit. a. What is the equilibrium price and quantity produced by each firm?
The equilibrium price is $50. Each firm produces 20 units, and the total quantity produced is 40 units.
Cournot duopolists face a market demand curve given by P = 90 - Q, where Q is the total market demand in units. Each firm can produce output at a constant marginal cost of $30/unit. Therefore, what is the equilibrium price and quantity produced by each firm? Solution:
The Cournot model, also known as the Cournot oligopoly or Cournot competition, is an economic model utilized in microeconomics that analyzes an industry structure in which firms generate products and contend in output quantity instead of price. In other words, the Cournot model predicts the economic interactions that arise when firms in an oligopoly market utilize strategic decision-making to set production quantities.
The two primary assumptions underlying the Cournot model are that each firm's output decisions affect market demand and that firms are "quantity setters." The Cournot model, which is widely used in microeconomic theory, posits that companies will set production quantities and compete on price. As a result, the equilibrium is a production level for each firm that results in a combined product that is equal to market demand minus the competitor's product.
As a result, in the above-mentioned scenario, two firms are producing an identical product. Let Q_1 and Q_2 be the quantities produced by the first and second firms, respectively. As a result, the total quantity supplied will be Q = Q_1 + Q_2. When these firms have an equal marginal cost of production, it is assumed that they act independently to maximize their profits.
The equation for total market demand is P = 90 - Q. When the price is represented as a function of the quantity produced by the two firms, it becomes P(Q) = 90 - (Q_1 + Q_2). The marginal revenue is obtained by calculating the derivative of total revenue with respect to Q_1, which gives the following: MR = (dTR/dQ_1) = (90 - Q) - (dQ_2/dQ_1) (90 - Q).
This indicates the change in revenue for the first company when it alters its production by one unit. It is assumed that Q_2 is a fixed quantity and that Q_1 is the only quantity that the first company can adjust to maximize its profits. The marginal cost (MC) is given by MC = $30. The first company's profit function can be expressed as follows:π_1 = TR_1 - TC_1, where TR_1 = P(Q_1 + Q_2)Q_1 and TC_1 = MCQ_1.The first firm's profit-maximizing quantity is obtained by setting its marginal revenue equal to its marginal cost.
This yields the following equation:MR = MC90 - Q_1 - Q_2 = 30Q_1 = (60 - Q_2)/2.The second firm is assumed to act in a similar way, maximizing its profit by selecting its output level Q_2. The first firm's production is fixed, and the second firm's production is determined using the same logic.
Therefore, the second firm's profit-maximizing quantity is obtained by setting its marginal revenue equal to its marginal cost. This yields the following equation:MR = MC90 - Q_2 - Q_1 = 30Q_2 = (60 - Q_1)/2.Substituting the expression for Q_1 into the above equation, we have: Q_2 = (60 - (60 - Q_2)/2)/2Solving for Q_2, we get:Q_2 = 20.
Substituting this value of Q_2 into the equation for Q_1, we get Q_1 = 20.
Therefore, the total quantity supplied is Q = 40. The equilibrium price is obtained by substituting this quantity into the demand function:P = 90 - QP = 90 - 40 = 50.
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question 1 - What are the main parts of a business
report, write it down in order of when it should be
placed.
question 2 - In your own words explain what a
recommendation is used for, use an example
Question 1:
Main parts of a business report and their order. Business reports play a significant role in communicating and providing the necessary information for the smooth running of an organization. Here are the main parts of a business report and their order.
Title page: It includes the name of the report, the author’s name, the name of the organization, and the date of submission.Table of contents: It provides a clear outline of the report’s content, sections, and sub-sections.Executive summary: It provides a summary of the report’s content and recommendations.Main body: It contains the report’s content, analysis, and findings.Conclusion: It summarizes the report's main points and findings.Recommendations: These are suggestions for addressing the report's findings. It's essential to put the recommendations at the end of the report for the reader to first understand the report's content before jumping to the suggestions.Bibliography and references: It includes the sources that the author consulted to write the report.Question 2: Explanation of RecommendationA recommendation is a suggestion that offers possible solutions or courses of action to a problem or issue. It's a critical part of a business report and is placed in the last section of the report. The purpose of a recommendation is to provide the reader with a clear and actionable solution to the problem or issue discussed in the report.
An example of a recommendation is, if a business reports a decrease in sales, the recommendation would be to find ways to increase marketing or advertising to boost sales.
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There are 3 categorles of suppliers. Which of the following is not one of them? Tracesactional Strategc Professional Preferred
There are 3 categories of suppliers. The following is not one of them: Transactional, Strategic, Professional, and Preferred.
Correct Answer: Transactional
Transactional, strategic, professional, and preferred are the four categories of suppliers that are commonly used in procurement to segment suppliers based on their importance and impact on the organization's business.
The term "Transactional" is not a category of the supplier; therefore, the correct answer is transactional.
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Please, read the following: The Colombian electrical appliance company is negotiating a service contract to subcontract the call service, which will allow repairs to be coordinated with the Mexico Call Center.
1) What suggestions would you give to the company Appliances Appliances of Colombia so that it can conduct a successful negotiation? and Why?
Negotiation is an essential business skill that ensures that parties agree on a mutually beneficial agreement.
Here are some suggestions for Appliances of Colombia to conduct a successful negotiation:First, the Colombian appliance company should research the Mexican call center company and gain insights on their industry and business practices.
This information can be used to strengthen the company's position in the negotiation process. The company should also learn about the market rates of the call center services and identify the bargaining power it has during the negotiation process.
Second, the Colombian appliance company should evaluate the technical and professional expertise of the subcontractor.
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The following balances were extracted from the books of TopWatch Sdn Bhd for the year ended 31 December \( 2021 . \) Additional information: i. Closing inventory at 31 December \( 20.1 \) was valued a
The following balances were extracted from the books of Top Watch Sdn Bhd for the year ended 31 December (2021):
Additional information:
Closing inventory at 31 December (20.1) was valued at RM37,700.
Depreciation is to be provided as follows: Buildings - 3% per annum on cost
Furniture and fittings - 10% per annum on reducing balance basis Motor vehicles - 25% per annum on reducing balance basis Required:
Prepare a trading, profit and loss account for the year ended 31 December 2021.2. Prepare a balance sheet as at 31 December 2021. Trading, Profit and Loss Account for the year ended 31 December 2021 Particulars RM RM Sales110,800
Less: Cost of goods sold Opening inventory (1 Jan 2021)21,300
Add: Purchases82,400 Carriage inwards4,200 Less: Closing inventory (31 Dec 2021)(37,700) (70,200) Gross profit40,600 Less: Expenses Depreciation Buildings(6,000)
Furniture and fittings [10% of (18,600 + 7,400)](2,260) Motor vehicles [25% of (30,000 + 12,000)](10,500) Salaries and wages23,600 Rent and rates7,400
Electricity2,100 Insurance3,200 Printing and stationery 900
Miscellaneous1,800 Bank charges420 Audit fees3,000 (60,180) Net loss(19,580) Balance Sheet as at 31 December 2021
Particulars Note Amount RM Amount RM Fixed assets CostBuildings1Furniture and fittings1Motor vehicles1Less: Accumulated depreciation Buildings Furniture and fittings Motor vehicles(74,000)(18,600)(30,000)(22,800)(5,100)(15,000)
Net book value25,100Current assetsStock2Debtors3Bank balance4 Cash at bank and in hand3,70021,8005,6003,700Total assets30,300Current liabilities Creditors and accruals5Taxation6(2,400)(5,100)
Net current assets23,800Financed by: Capital and reserves Opening capital Add: Net loss(29,200)19,580(9,620)
Long-term liabilities Loan from Bank Rakyat7(15,000)
Total financed by29,200
Notes:1. Fixed assets Buildings RM Furniture and fittings RM Motor vehicles RM Cost 85,000 28,000 48,000
Less: Accumulated depreciation 11,000 7,600 18,000 Net book value 74,000 20,400 30,000
Depreciation Buildings = 3% x RM85,000 = RM2,550 Furniture and fittings = 10% of (RM28,000 + RM10,000) = RM3,800 Motor vehicles = 25% of (RM48,000 + RM24,000) = RM18,7502.
Closing inventoryRM37,7003. Debtors
RM Sales on credit125,000 Less: Cash sales14,200 110,800
Less: Bad debts1,200 109,6004. Bank balanceRM Loan repayment15,000
Add: Profit for the year19,580
Less: Drawings(30,000) 5,160 10,7605.
Creditors and accruals RM Creditors3,800 Accruals600 4,4006. Taxation RM RM Tax expense (see note 2)3,800
Less: Tax paid1,700 Tax payable2,1007. Loan from Bank Rakyat RM The loan was used to purchase motor vehicles.
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consider a borrower in an economy where the interest rate for borrowers is higher than the interest rate for savers. true or false?
The statement "consider a borrower in an economy where the interest rate for borrowers is higher than the interest rate for savers" is generally true.
In most economies, borrowers are required to pay a higher interest rate compared to savers.
This is because lenders or financial institutions want to compensate for the risk associated with lending money. Borrowers are seen as taking on more risk because they are receiving funds that need to be repaid in the future, potentially with interest. On the other hand, savers are providing funds to financial institutions, which can then be used to lend to borrowers.
When the interest rate for borrowers is higher, it acts as an incentive for individuals or businesses to save rather than borrow. It helps to encourage saving by making it more appealing to earn interest on their savings rather than incurring higher interest payments as borrowers.
To illustrate this concept, let's consider an example. Imagine you have $10,000 and you want to either save it or borrow it. If the interest rate for savers is 2% and the interest rate for borrowers is 5%, you might decide to save the money and earn interest on it. In this case, you would earn $200 (2% of $10,000) as interest. On the other hand, if you borrowed the money, you would have to pay $500 (5% of $10,000) as interest.
In summary, it is generally true that in an economy, the interest rate for borrowers is higher than the interest rate for savers. This helps to incentivize saving and compensate lenders for the risk associated with lending money.
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Contaners Plus thould enchasas twe sraduction of because this product has the higher Which product should Containers Phus emphasize? Why? Containers Plus should emphasize the production of because this product has the higher Requirement 2. To maxemize profits, how many of each size bin should Containers Plus produce? (Enter a ro" for any zero amounts.). Containers Plus should spond machine hours making regular size bins, and Requirement 3. Given this product max, what will the company's operating income be? Requirements 1. Which product should Containers Plus emphasize? Why? 2. To maximize profits, how many of each size bin should Containers Plus produce? 3. Given this product mix, what will the company's operating income be?
Containers Plus should emphasize the production of the big bin because it has the higher contribution margin per unit as compared to small bins. The contribution margin of the big bin is $4.00 and the contribution margin of the small bin is $2.00. Thus, producing big bins will be more profitable for Containers Plus.
Containers Plus should produce 800 units of big bins and 600 units of small bins to maximize profits.
Containers Plus will have an operating income of $2,200 with this product mix.
Operating Income = (Contribution Margin per unit * Number of Units) - Fixed Costs
Operating Income = [(800 * $4) + (600 * $2)] - $4,200
Operating Income = $3,200 - $4,200
Operating Income = -$1,000
Thus, Containers Plus will have an operating loss of $1,000.
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Norberto has grafted a new type of rose never seen before, this new rose: can be protected by patent law is not protected by patent law is protected by copyright law is not protected by any intellectual property law Regardless of the state of mind of a person accused, a crime requires: an actus reus mens rea writ of certiorari writ of mandamus
Norberto's new type of rose can be protected by Patent law.What is Patent Law?Patent law is a type of intellectual property law that protects the inventors' new and useful inventions and discoveries from being copied, produced, or sold by others.
It's a right granted by the government that lets inventors stop others from using, producing, or selling their inventions for a certain period of time. These patents are regulated under the Patent Act.
Utility patents, design patents, and plant patents are the three types of patents.According to the given scenario, the new type of rose grafted by Norberto can be protected by patent law. This means that Norberto is the owner of that rose, and he can prevent others from producing, selling, or using it without his consent.
With patent law, Norberto can license the usage of his new rose and earn royalties for it. The patent law enables Norberto to make good profits as a result of the exclusive rights granted to him.The mens rea and actus reus are the two main components of criminal law.
The actus reus refers to the illegal action committed by the perpetrator, whereas the mens rea refers to the intention or knowledge of the perpetrator. The law demands both components for a person to be charged with a crime, regardless of their state of mind. As a result, the answer to the question is, a crime necessitates both actus reus and mens rea.
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Ending inventory is $12,000, cost of goods sold is $33,000, and the cost of goods purchased is $22,000. How much is beginning inventory?
a. $43,000
b. $33,000
c. $23,000
d. $13,000
e. $45,000
The question provides us with the ending inventory, cost of goods sold, and cost of goods purchased. Therefore, we can use the formula to calculate the beginning inventory.
The formula is: Beginning inventory + Cost of goods purchased - Cost of goods sold = Ending inventory Substitute the values given in the question:Beginning inventory + $22,000 - $33,000 = $12,000 Beginning inventory - $11,000 = $12,000 Beginning inventory = $12,000 + $11,000 Beginning inventory = $23,000.
Therefore, the correct answer is option c) $23,000.
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The table provides factor risk loadings and factor risk premia for a two-factor model for a particular portfolio where factor portfolio 1 tracks Inflation and factor portfolio 2, IR, tracks unexpected changes in interest rates. The risk-free rate is 3%. If a trader estimates the expected / average return of the Portfolio XYZ to be 3.5% and believes that he is correct, what is the arbitrage strategy?
Portfolio XYZ
Inflation-Factor loading of 0.5, Risk premium of 8%
IR-Factor loading of -1.5, Risk premium of 2%
1. Long XYZ, Short Inflation, Long IR, Buy Risk-Free
2. Short XYZ, Long Inflation, Long IR, Buy Risk-Free
3. Short XYZ, Short Inflation, Short IR, Buy Risk-Free
4. Short XYZ, Long Inflation, Short IR, Buy Risk-Free
5. Short XYZ, Long Inflation, Short IR, Borrow Risk-Free
The correct answer is option 2:Short XYZ, Long Inflation, Long IR, Buy Risk-Free, where the investor shorts Portfolio XYZ and goes long on the Inflation factor portfolio and long on the IR factor portfolio. The investor can borrow at the risk-free rate to finance this position.
By doing this, the investor can take advantage of the difference in expected returns to generate risk-free profits.
Portfolio XYZ
Inflation-Factor loading of 0.5, Risk premium of 8%
IR-Factor loading of -1.5, Risk premium of 2%
Risk-free rate = 3%
Expected / average return of the Portfolio XYZ to be 3.5%
Arbitrage strategy can be calculated as follows:
Portfolio XYZ expected return = Risk-free rate + Beta 1 * (Inflation Risk Premium) + Beta 2 * (IR Risk Premium) + Error,
where Beta 1 is the loading of the inflation factor and Beta 2 is the loading of the IR factor. Error is the unpredictable portion of the return.For Portfolio XYZ, the expected return can be calculated as follows:
3.5% = 3% + 0.5 * 8% + (-1.5) * 2% + Error
3.5% = 3% + 4% - 3% + Error
3.5% = 4% + Error
Error = -0.5%
Since the expected return on the Portfolio XYZ is 3.5% but the calculated expected return is only 3%, this difference in expected returns leads to an arbitrage opportunity. If the expected return was lower than 3%, the arbitrage strategy would involve a short position. If the expected return was higher than 3%, the arbitrage strategy would involve a long position.
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The following information describes a company's usage of direct labor in a recent period. The direct labor efficiency variance is:Actual hours used41,000Actual rate per hour$ 14.00Standard rate per hour$ 13.00Standard hours for units produced43,000a) $26,000 favorable.b) $26,000 unfavorable.c) $15,000 unfavorable.d) $41,000 favorable.e) $41,000 unfavorable.
The direct labor efficiency variance is $26,000 unfavorable. Thus, option B is the correct option.
To calculate the direct labor efficiency variance, we need to compare the actual hours used with the standard hours allowed for the units produced.
Actual hours used: 41,000 hours
Standard hours for units produced: 43,000 hours
The formula to calculate the direct labor efficiency variance is:
Direct Labor Efficiency Variance = (Standard Hours - Actual Hours) * Standard Rate
Direct Labor Efficiency Variance = (43,000 - 41,000) * $13.00
Direct Labor Efficiency Variance = 2,000 * $13.00
Direct Labor Efficiency Variance = $26,000 unfavorable
Therefore, the direct labor efficiency variance is $26,000 unfavorable.
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Many employees will likely be excluded from internal placement decisions when the appraisal process indicates which of the following conditions?
A labour supply shortage
The workforce displaying low levels of literacy
Widespread poor performance
The presence of unethical business practices
An undersupply of employees categorized as "solid professionals
The condition that is likely to result in employees being excluded from internal placement decisions based on the appraisal process is: C) Widespread poor performance.
When the appraisal process indicates widespread poor performance among employees, it is natural for organizations to consider excluding those employees from internal placement decisions. This is because internal placements are typically intended to provide growth opportunities and advancements to employees who have demonstrated competence and excellence in their current roles.
Internal placement decisions are based on the premise that employees possess the necessary skills, abilities, and performance to succeed in higher-level positions or different roles within the organization.
A labor supply shortage (A) would typically result in a need to retain and utilize existing employees to fill key positions rather than excluding them. The workforce displaying low levels of literacy (B) may require training and development initiatives to address the issue, but it does not necessarily exclude employees from internal placement decisions outright.
The presence of unethical business practices (D) would likely result in disciplinary action or other consequences, but it may not directly impact internal placement decisions unless specific performance issues or violations are identified.
An undersupply of employees categorized as "solid professionals" (E) would typically warrant efforts to recruit and retain such individuals, rather than excluding them from internal placement decisions.
Option C
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Please explain the difference between information share model by
Hasbrouck (1995) and Gonzalo and Granger (1995) Permanent component
and Transitory component
In the study of finance, two theories, namely Hasbrouck's information share model and Gonzalo and Granger's permanent and transitory component model, are employed to help explain price movements in financial markets. This essay aims to discuss these two models and contrast them to show the significant differences between them.
The information share model developed by Hasbrouck is utilized to explain the relationship between information acquisition and trading behavior in financial markets. According to the model, the degree of information revealed to traders depends on the size of their trade, with large trades reflecting greater information. The model suggests that, on average, the number of informed traders increases as the number of small trades decreases while the number of uninformed traders increases as the number of small trades increases.
The Gonzalo and Granger model, on the other hand, explains the relationship between permanent and transitory shocks on financial markets. The model posits that the variation in the price of an asset over a long time is a result of its permanent component, while the short-term price fluctuation is caused by transitory shocks. The model implies that market participants should focus on permanent shocks, as opposed to transitory shocks, when analyzing long-term trends and their consequences.
In this model, price change is decomposed into two parts: permanent and transitory. In conclusion, while the information share model is concerned with the degree of information revealed to traders and its impact on trading behavior, Gonzalo and Granger's model explains how permanent and transitory shocks affect the price movement of an asset. The former provides insight into how traders behave, while the latter focuses on the long-term trend of an asset's price movement.
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Sales Case Study Video Presentation (Individual)
Your Learning Goal: Demonstrate the ability to utilize and implement the hospitality sales processes in relation to the marketing mix.
Grade Value: 15% of final grade
Launched Week: Week 10
Due Date: Please see your course shell for the exact due date/time.
Submission Include: Video Presentation and Script
Length of Video Presentation: 15 minutes maximum (no minimum time limit). Please submit the video presentation in any supported video format (mp4. avi. etc.).
Length of Script: as it relates to your chosen scenario and video presentation (no minimum word limit). Work on the script to outline and/or detail each step of the sales process. Use the script to supplement your presentation for the criteria listed in the rubric.
Photo credit: Adobe Stock
Introduction to the Assignment:
Planning and executing a well-thought-out, effective Sales Presentation will help you to ‘win the business’ over your identified competition in the least amount of time. Knowing your product, potential client (people), and the correct price will help you in your promotion. Following the sales process steps is an effective guide to help you plan your most effective sales strategy. Finally, knowing your client, their goals and developing a solid professional relationship will set you up for long-term success.
You should choose one of the listed scenarios and present your sales strategy via a video recording according to the ten steps (based on both your curriculum).
Each step will reflect two parts:
1) Describe the value/purpose/process of the step.
2) Explain what you do for your chosen scenario – make it specific to your own plan. Remember creating a plan with facts, rationale and explaining ‘why’ will set you up to receive maximum potential marks.
A friendly reminder of the 10 steps of the sales process:
1. Prospect
2. Pre-approach 3. Approach
4. Presentation 5. TrialClose#1
Sales Case Study Video Presentation (Individual) Sales presentations are an important part of the sales process and help businesses "win the business" over their competition as quickly as possible. A well-planned and executed sales presentation can help a business sell their products or services effectively.
In this sales case study video presentation assignment, you will be required to demonstrate your ability to utilize and implement the hospitality sales processes in relation to the marketing mix. You will choose one of the listed scenarios and present your sales strategy via a video recording according to the ten steps of the sales process.
Your video presentation should be 15 minutes maximum and you should submit it in any supported video format such as mp4 or avi. You should also include a script that outlines and details each step of the sales process as it relates to your chosen scenario.
This script should supplement your presentation for the criteria listed in the rubric. The 10 steps of the sales process are: 1. Prospect 2. Pre-approach 3. Approach 4. Presentation 5. TrialClose#1 6. Objections 7. Meet Objections 8. Trial Close #2 9. Close 10.
Follow-up In your presentation, you should describe the value, purpose, and process of each step. You should also explain what you do for your chosen scenario and make it specific to your own plan. Remember to create a plan with facts, rationale, and explaining "why" to set you up to receive maximum potential marks.
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For the year ended December 31,2022 , Coronado Electrical Repair Company reports the following summary payroll data. Coronado's payroll taxes are Social Security tax 6.2%. Medicare tax 1.45%, state unemployment 2.5% (due to a stable employment record), and 0.6% federal unemployment. Gross eamings subject to Social security taxes of 6.2% total $474,000, and gross earnings subject to unemployment taxes total \$138,000. No employee exceeds the $132,900 limit related to FiCA taxes. (a) Prepare a summary journal entry at December 31 for the full year's payroll, (b) Journalize the adjusting entry at December 31 to record the employer's payroll taxes. (Round answers to O decimal places. es. 125. Credit occount tites are outomaticolly indented when amount is entered Do not indent manually) (c) The W.2 Wape and Taxstatement regures the following doliar data. Cominlete the required data for the followire employees. (Plound answers to 0 decinal places, e. 5,275 )
Summary journal entry for the full year's payroll: Payroll Tax Expense Dr (Debit) To Wages Payable Cr (Credit)
To State Unemployment Tax Payable Cr (Credit)To Federal Unemployment Tax Payable Cr (Credit)
[tex]$474,000 * 6.2% = $29,388[/tex]
Calculation of unemployment taxes:$138,000 * 2.5%
= $3,450 (State unemployment tax payable)
$138,000 * 0.6%
= $828 (Federal unemployment tax payable)
Adjusting entry at December 31 to record the employer's payroll taxes: Social Security Tax Payable Dr (Debit) To Social Security Tax Expense Cr (Credit) ($29,388 * 50%)
Medicare Tax Payable Dr (Debit) To Medicare Tax Expense Cr (Credit) ($474,000 * 1.45%)
.State Unemployment Tax Payable Dr (Debit) To State Unemployment Tax Expense Cr (Credit) ($3,450 * 50%)
Federal Unemployment Tax Payable Dr (Debit) To Federal Unemployment Tax Expense Cr (Credit) ($828 * 50%)(c) Calculation of the required dollar data for the following employees:
Wages employee A = $56,000
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flybolt, a leading manufacturer in the automobile industry, introduces an assembly-line production process. the process involves workers performing specific designated tasks to build subcomponents of the product rather than the complete product. with time, workers get so focused exclusively on their tasks that they lose sight of the big picture. this is a typical example of:
The situation described is an example of "task specialization" or "division of labor" in the context of assembly-line production.
Task specialization refers to dividing the production process into smaller, specific tasks performed by different workers. In the given scenario, flybolt is implementing an assembly-line production process where workers are assigned to perform designated tasks to build subcomponents of the product rather than the complete product. This division of labor allows for increased efficiency and productivity in the manufacturing process.
However, one downside of task specialization is that workers may become so focused on their individual tasks that they lose sight of the big picture or the overall goal of the production process. They may not fully understand how their specific task contributes to the final product. This can result in a lack of coordination and understanding of the entire production process.
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models of development based on the assumption that change occurs as a continuous process are called
Incremental models of development are based on the assumption that change occurs as a continuous process.
In incremental models of development, change is viewed as an ongoing and gradual process rather than sudden or disruptive. These models emphasize making small, incremental improvements or adjustments over time to achieve growth and progress. The focus is on building upon existing capabilities, refining processes, and making iterative changes to enhance performance.
Organizations that adopt incremental models of development recognize the value of steady progress and continuous improvement. They prioritize making small, manageable changes that align with their long-term goals and strategies. This approach allows for greater flexibility and adaptability, as adjustments can be made based on ongoing feedback and learning.
By embracing incremental models of development, organizations can effectively navigate the complexities of a dynamic and evolving business environment. It enables them to stay responsive to customer needs, market trends, and technological advancements while minimizing disruption and maximizing the value of their existing resources and capabilities.
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Qvothe Inc. began construction of a new facility to hold its data archives. Construction began May 1,2022 and is anticipated year 2022 . May 1, $8,700,000 August 1, $4,000,000 December 31,$5,300,000 Scenario A The company borrowed $7,000,000 on May 1,2022 with an annual interest rate of 4%. The company also had $6,000,000 3%. The company uses the specific method for capitalizing interest expense. 1. Determine the amount of weighted-average expenditures that qualify for capitalization during 2022. 2. Determine the amount of interest that would be capitalized during 2022 (round to the nearest dollar). 3. Determine the amount of interest expense that would recognized on the 2022 income statement. Scenario B The company borrowed $7,000,000 on May 1,2022 with an annual interest rate of 4%. The company also had $1,000,000 3%. 4. Determine the amount of interest that would be capitalized during 2022 (round to the nearest dollar). 5. Determine the amount of interest expense that would recognized on the 2022 income statement. py 1, 2022 and is anticipated to take two years to complete. The company had the following cash expenditures during the pany also had $6,000,000 of debt that had been outstanding since the first of the year with an annual interest rate of
Scenario A Weighted-average expenditures that qualify for capitalization during 2022
=$8,700,000+($4,000,000x8/12)+($5,300,000x1/12)
=$14,800,000
Interest to be capitalized during 2022:=$6,000,000x3%+$7,000,000x4%
=$300,000+$280,000
=$580,000
Amount of interest expense that would be recognized on the 2022 income statement=($6,000,000x3%+$7,000,000x4%)-$580,000
=$320,000
Scenario B
Interest to be capitalized during 2022:
=$1,000,000x3%+$7,000,000x4%
=$30,000+$280,000
=$310,000
Amount of interest expense that would be recognized on the 2022 income statement=($1,000,000x3%+$7,000,000x4%)-$310,000
=$310,000+($28,000)
=$338,000
Therefore, the amount of weighted-average expenditures that qualify for capitalization during 2022 is $14,800,000, the amount of interest that would be capitalized during 2022 is $580,000 for scenario A, $310,000 for scenario B, and the amount of interest expense that would be recognized on the 2022 income statement is $320,000 for scenario A, $338,000 for scenario B.
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Consider the project described in the table below. What is the project's internal rate of return? Cost of Capital Rate 14% Time 0 1 2 3 4 Cash Flows ($4,000) $3,000 $2,000 $1,000 $500 Select one: a. 32.41% b. 31.11% c. 30.79% d. 33.38%
The correct answer to the given question is option (a) 32.41%.Internal rate of return (IRR)The internal rate of return (IRR) is a technique for evaluating and analyzing investments' profitability.
It calculates the internal rate of return of a project, which is the interest rate at which the net present value (NPV) of all cash flows (both positive and negative) equals zero. If the IRR exceeds the project's cost of capital, the project is deemed acceptable, while if the IRR is less than the cost of capital, the project is rejected.Project's Internal rate of returnCalculation of IRR = 32.41%The internal rate of return formula is applied to determine the internal rate of return (IRR).Here are the cash flows for the project:Cash Flow for year 0: -$4,000Cash Flow for year 1: $3,000Cash Flow for year 2: $2,000Cash Flow for year 3: $1,000Cash Flow for year 4: $500Calculation of internal rate of return using MS Excel formula:The internal rate of return formula used to calculate IRR = IRR (Range of cash flows, guess rate)where "Range of cash flows" is the range containing cash flows' data, and the "guess rate" is any value that we assume initially or which is near to the expected result.Putting the above values in the formula, we get;IRR (Range of cash flows, guess rate)= 32.41%Therefore, the project's internal rate of return is 32.41%.Option (a) is the correct answer.
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it is the manager's responsibility to _____ the right amount of people and staff them in the best position for the company to be successful.
It is the manager's responsibility to "ensure" or "determine" the right amount of people and staff them in the best position for the company to be successful.
Managers play a crucial role in workforce management, which involves assessing staffing needs, recruiting and hiring suitable candidates, and allocating employees to positions that align with their skills and the company's objectives. By understanding the organization's goals, evaluating workload and resource requirements, and considering the capabilities and strengths of individuals, managers can make informed decisions regarding staffing. This includes determining the optimal number of employees needed to carry out tasks efficiently and effectively, as well as assigning individuals to positions that leverage their talents and expertise.
Moreover, managers are responsible for monitoring performance, providing training and development opportunities, and making adjustments to staffing levels or assignments as necessary to meet changing business needs. Through effective workforce management, managers contribute to the overall success of the company by ensuring the right people are in the right positions, leading to increased productivity, employee satisfaction, and organizational performance.
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1.2. Exercise 2.6 on page 34. An important aspect of a schedule is its robustness. If there is a random perturbation in a robust schedule (e.g., machine breakdown, unexpected arrival of a priority job, etc.), then the necessary changes in the schedule are minimal. There is always a desire to have a schedule that is robust. (a) Define a measure for the robustness of a schedule. (b) Motivate your definition with a numerical example.
(a) Measure for the robustness of a schedule:The schedule's robustness can be measured by the amount of slack included in it. If there is a random perturbation, the schedule's slack allows for minor changes to be made while still being able to adhere to the deadline.
(b) Motivation for definition: Consider the example of a doctor's office, where appointments are scheduled in 15-minute intervals.
The doctor's work is expected to take 10-12 minutes, with the remaining 3-5 minutes serving as a buffer time. This buffer time ensures that if the previous appointment goes over or a patient arrives late, the doctor can still complete the appointment on time without delaying the rest of the day's appointments.
This increases the schedule's robustness, allowing for small random perturbations without disrupting the entire schedule. This will not only help in reducing stress levels but also makes the process more efficient.
In conclusion, the more slack that is included in a schedule, the more robust it is against random perturbations.
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