This purpose is not achieved by a paraphyletic group. It includes of an ancestral species and a few of its descendants, but not all of them.
Describe paraphyletic:In evolutionary biology, the term "paraphyletic" is used to define a group of animals that shares a common ancestor and some of the descendants, but not all of them. A group of creatures is said to be paraphyletic if any of its members have been classified as members of another group for unknown reasons.
Example of Paraphyletic:The reptilian group, which includes birds as well as turtles, tuataras, lizards, snakes, crocodiles, and other dinosaur-like reptiles, is possibly the most convincing example of a paraphyletic group. construction of a separate avian community (Aves).
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ASTRONOMY 20 POINTS
Why were the phrenological studies conducted by Dr. Franz Joseph Gall discredited in the nineteenth century?
A. Most of the confirmed hypotheses were found to be fabricated
B. Dr. Gall announced that his research was done incorrectly
C. Scientists were worried that the experiments would encourage racism
D. The descriptions within the observations were not testable and objective
Most of the confirmed hypotheses found to be fabricated were the phrenological studies conducted by Dr. Franz Joseph Gall discredited in the nineteenth century. Phrenology was a popular pseudomedicine in the late 19th century that posited measurements and other characteristics of the human skull determined different aspects of a person's actions and personality.
Answer A is correct.
Phrenology was mostly discredited as a scientific theory by the 1840s. This was due only in part to a growing amount of evidence against phrenology. Phrenologists had never been able to agree on the most basic mental organ numbers, going from 27 to over 40, and had difficulty locating the mental organs.
Gall believed that bumps on the surface of the brain could be detected by feeling the bumps on the surface of an individual's head. 1 He suggested that the bumps, indentations, and overall shape of the skull could be linked to different aspects of a person's personality, character, and abilities.
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Most of the confirmed hypotheses found to be fabricated were the phrenological studies conducted by Dr. Franz Joseph Gall discredited in the nineteenth century. Phrenology was a popular pseudomedicine in the late 19th century that posited measurements and other characteristics of the human skull determined different aspects of a person's actions and personality.
By the 1840s, phrenology had lost much of its credibility as a scientific hypothesis. This was only partially caused by mounting evidence that refuted phrenology. [40] Phrenologists struggled to locate the mental organs and were never able to agree on even the most basic mental organ counts, which ranged from 27 to over 40. Organ placement was determined by phrenologists using cranioscopic readings of the skull. According to research performed by Jean Pierre Flourens on pigeon brains, the loss of some brain regions either had no effect on function or resulted in the loss of a function entirely unrelated to that which phrenology had assigned to that region. Although not flawless, Flourens' experiment appeared to show that Gall's purported organs were fictitious.
Since phrenology was used by businesspeople to abuse the middle and working classes, scientists had also lost faith in it. The popularisation of phrenology led to its simplicity and the incorporation of physiognomic principles, which Gall had initially dismissed as a personality predictor. From the beginning, phrenology was tarnished by claims that it promoted materialism and atheism and undermined morals. All of them contributed to the demise of phrenology. Recent research have further debunked phrenology claims utilising cutting-edge technologies like magnetic resonance imaging.
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Help! Will name brainliest!
why equal opportunity is so much harder to achieve than civil liberties
Answer:
that too much personal liberty would have to be sacrificed to the requirements of equality of opportunity.
Explanation:
If the force of gravity and the force of fusion within a star are equal, what might that mean about the star’s life and mass?
Explanation:
Once the fusion reactions begin, the stars exert outward pressure. As long as the inward force of gravity and the outward force generated by the fusion reactions are equal, the star remains stable.
In a stable star, the gas pressure pushing out from the centre is equal to the gravity pulling atoms inward to the centre – when these forces are equal, the star is at equilibrium.
When the force of gravity and the force of fusion in a star are equal to each other, then the life of the star increases and mass of the star is maintained.
What happens to a star when the force of fusion is equal to the force of gravity?When the inward force of gravity and the fusion reactions are equal to each other, the star remains in stable condition. There is direct relationship between force of gravity and fusion reaction. When the force of gravity compresses the core of a star, the temperature increases to a higher limit. At last, the temperature is high enough that the star initiates fusion reaction in which fusing hydrogen into helium occur. When the outward pressure that is produced by fusion energy, it balances gravity which results in the formation of a stable star.
So we can conclude that If the force of gravity and the force of fusion within a star are equal to each other, the star’s life increases and mass of the star is maintained.
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help asp match them with the answer ILL GIVE BRAINILEST AND 17 points
Answer:
answer below
Explanation:
nuetron is nuetral charge
proton is positive charge
electron is negative charge
Which organelle would play the most direct role in eliminating bacteria engulfed by a phagocytic white blood cell?.
The organelle would play the most direct role in eliminating bacteria engulfed by a phagocytic white blood cell is the cell organelle which is the lysosome.
The human body is considered to be very complex due to its formation and the main functional unit of life is the cell which also forms the structure of the body and provides the shape and rigidity and statics to the body the cell consists of many types of cell organelles like the nucleus, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, mitochondria , ribosomes , endoplasmic reticulum, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, vesicles, and vacuole and every cell organelle performs its different functions like transportation , protection, generation of energy, formation of DNA, transfer of genetic material, formation of lipids, formation of proteins and many more and amongst them, the lysosomes are required for the protection from the pathogen and any kind of foreign agents like bacteria, virus, fungi, nematodes, protozoa, etc by engulfing them which is called as phagocytosis and that is why the lysosomes are also known as suidal bags and they are high in number because to save body from pathogens they organize there own death and they are part of immune system they are the part of white blood cells as well and rhey enclosed in membrane which has the main acid called hyaluronidic acid which is capable of digesting and breaking down all kinds of proteins , lipids , carbohydrates of the pathogens.To know more about lysosomes this click at https://brainly.com/question/28202356
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Use lesson concepts to complete the diagram to show the outcome of communication among scientists.
Space 1:
Space 2:
Space 3:
Space 4:
Answer:
where are thenquewtions
Explanation:
I don't understand if you tell me straight I'll tell you that right annswer
The water in blood and the minerals in bone tissue are both considered examples of the ___ of a connective tissue.
Answer:
The water in blood and the minerals in bone tissue are both considered examples of the ground substance of a connective tissue.
Explanation:
The entire extracellular matrix's constituents are found in ground substance, an indeterminate gel-like material in the extracellular environment, with the exception of fibrous substances like collagen as well as elastin. Its metabolism and growth of tissues, along with its mobility and multiplication, are all influenced by ground material. Furthermore, it play an important role as a binding agent, water storage container, support structure, and medium for intracellular communication in cells. The ground material softens the collagen fibers. Between both the cells as well as other dermal structures, the ground material acts just as an adhesive. This dermis of a healthy individual has a majority of fibroblasts, basophils, or histiocytes.
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Review Questions:
1. What small particle makes up all substances.
2. Which is larger, An atom or a molecule?
a. Explain.
3. What does the little subscript number after a symbol after a symbol in the formula represent?
4. What does it mean when there is NO subscript number after the symbol?
5. What kind of letter do all symbols have?
6. If a symbol has TWO letters, what kind of letter is the second?
7. Which element combined with other elements the most?
8. THE BIG QUESTION: 3 differences do you notice between the glucose molecule and the others you
constructed?
Answer:
hope this helps
Explanation:
Which two organelles work together to produce something and how can you tell?
Ribosomes and Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) work together to synthesize proteins.
Ribosomes are the nucleoproteins That are present ether in the cytoplasm of the cell or attached to the ER. Ribosomes are also referred as protein factory because they play a central role in protein synthesis. Ribosomes can be of two types: 70S and 80S.
ER is of two types: Rough ER and Smooth ER. Rough ER contains ribosomes attached to it. RER also plays major role in protein synthesis. It helps in the modification and transport of the synthesized protein. The proteins formed in the RER are the secretory proteins.
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Matter is made of what plssssss
Answer: Atoms.
Explanation: Hope this helps <3
Answer:
atoms and molecules they are what make us up
12. _______ I contain genetic material such as DNA.
The nucleus contains genetic material such as DNA. In eukaryotes, the cell's genetic material, or DNA, is contained within an organelle called the nucleus, where it is organized in long molecules called chromosomes.
What is DNA?DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. It may be defined as a molecule inside cells that significantly contains the genetic information responsible for the development and function of an organism. These molecules allow this information to be passed from one generation to the next.
The genetic information of an organism is contained in DNA molecules in the form of chromosomes. The nucleus is the cell organelle that holds all sorts of this genetic information. Due to this, it is also known as the controlling center of the cell.
Therefore, the nucleus contains genetic material such as DNA.
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Which of the outcomes could potentially result if a mutation in the gene encoding the gα subunit eliminates its gtpase activity?.
The following three results are possible if a mutation in the gene that codes for the G subunit causes it to lose its GTPase activity:
3. The signaling pathway could be activated for an extended period, possibly resulting in undesirable cell proliferation.
4. The concentration of cAMP in the cell would be continuously elevated.
6. Gα would be activated for an extended period.
The hydrolase enzymes known as GTPases attach to the nucleotide guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and hydrolyze it to produce guanosine diphosphate (GDP). The highly conserved P-loop "G domain," a protein region shared by numerous GTPases, is where GTP is bound and hydrolyzed.
The components of the Gα subunit include Gs, Gi, Gq/11, and G12/13. Adenylyl cyclase activity is regulated by the Gs and Gi families, whilst the Gq family promotes PLC-, and the G12/13 family can activate small GTPase families. The signaling pathway could be active for a long time, which could lead to unfavorable cell growth. The amount of cAMP in the cell would constantly increase. G would be turned on for a long time.
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Question correction:
Which of the following outcomes could potentially result if a mutation in the gene encoding the G? subunit eliminates its GTPase activity? Choose three outcomes.
1. The cell would be unresponsive to molecules that act via cAMP.
2. The rate of GTP hydrolysis would increase.
3. The signaling pathway could be activated for an extended period, possibly resulting in undesirable cell proliferation.
4. The concentration of cAMP in the cell would be continuously elevated.
5. G would be ineffective as a signal molecule (that is, it could not activate other proteins).
6. G would be activated for an extended period.
how could you describe the size of a virus
A. larger than a parasite
B.about the size of a dime
C. smaller than bacteria
D. smaller than a proton
Answer: C. smaller than bacteria
Explanation: Parasites are typically seen with the bare eye (not all, but many) or with a very low magnifying microscope, and dimes are obviously able to be seen without magnification. Protons are extremely small (in the femtometer region), and bacteria are in the micrometer region. Viruses are typically in the nanometer region, so they are larger than protons but smaller than bacteria.
The mechanism by which the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an enzyme that catalyzes an earlier step in the pathway is most precisely described as?.
Answer:
Feedback Inhibition
Explanation:
Yes, this mechanism being one of importants for the regulatory mechanism in our cells. They use non competetive inhibitors. Example: Synthesis of amino acids, etc.
What creates a sense not only of enclosure and connection, but also movement and direction?.
The implied line creates a sense not only of enclosure and connection, but also movement and direction.
What is an implied line?An implied line is typically used to depict a small change in plane. Color, tone, and texture shifts, as well as shape borders, all imply them. A viewer follows an illustrative path to follow a figure's gaze. It directs the viewer's gaze without directly displaying a line. In portrait drawing, for example, implied line is frequently used across the bridge of the nose or along the jaw to appear more like the line found along the edge of a box. Implied lines are most common in areas with a subtle contrast between the object and the surrounding objects or elements.In art, implied lines are created through the use of colors, shadows, shapes, textures, and spaces between objects rather than by drawing them.To learn more about implied line:
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The answers in the blanks the answers in the blanks the answers in the blanka
Answer:
1. abiotic
2.abiotic
3. biotic
4.abiotic
5.biotic
6.abiotic
7.abiotic
8.abiotic
9.abiotic
10.biotic their all abiotic
Explanation:
hope it helpsss
In order for a cell to divide successfully, the cell
must first
Answer:
duplicate its genetic information (DNA)
Explanation:
Answer:it must duplicate and divide it's genetic content into two daughter cells
Explanation:
Carbohydrate and protein molecules both contain ___________, however, protein molecules also contain ___________ in addition.
Out of the four measuring instruments (micropipette, serological pipette, transfer pipette, and eyedropper), which do you expect to be the most accurate? why?
Serological pipettes are more accurate as the smallest increment.
What is the difference between serological pipettes and micropipette?Pipettes and micropipette are invaluable pieces of laboratory equipment used to draw up , measures and deliver accurate volume of liquid. The difference between the two is that micropipette measures between 1 and 100μl , while pipettes generally start at 1 mili liter.
Serological pipettes ,each has clear ascending and descending graduation marked on the side. This accurate measurement when dispensing or aspirating.
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Group of cells that are similar in structure and work together to perform a common function are referred to as a(n):_________
Which organelle is labeled I?
A:cell membrane
B:ribosome
C:endoplasmic reticulum
D:nucleus
Answer: D
Explanation:
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Which if the following are some of the applications of genetic engineering in various fields? (Choose all that apply)
producing insulin proteins from bacterial cultures
cloning humans so parents get the exact child they want
creating hydrocarbon chewers to help clean up oil spills
modifying corn plants to be resistant to certain herbicides
Answer:
modifying corn plants to be resistant to certain herbicides
Explanation:
hope that helps
Answer:
Modifying corn plants to be resistant to certain herbicides
Cloning humans so parents get the exact child they want
Explanation:
If a scientist is studying a coral reef, including both the biotic and abiotic components, what level of ecology is being studied?.
If a scientist is studying a coral reef, including both the biotic and abiotic components, community level of ecology is being studied
What process(es) can transfer carbon from the biotic reservoir to the abiotic reservoir?During photosynthesis, carbon is transferred from an abiotic source to living things. As a result of cellular respiration, carbon is transferred from living things to an abiotic reserve.
Every trophic level results in an exponential increase in DDT levels. Osprey are at the greatest trophic level in this group because they are the tertiary consumers, and their tissues have the highest DDT contents.
This graph illustrates the yearly growth in world population between 1950 and the present, as well as the forecast until the year 2100. In the late 1980s, the population growth rate in absolute terms reached a peak of almost 90 million new residents annually.
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______ plants are divided into flowering plants and non flowering plants
Answer:
Phanerograms (Phanerogramae)
Explanation:
The seed bearing plants can be classified into two groups: Gymosperms and Angiosperms. The gymnosperms generally have hidden seed and angiosperms have special reproductive organs like flowers. They also show double fertilization and triple fusion.
Water molecules have trouble sticking to each other and to other things, making it hard to dissolve nutrients.
O True
O False
A natural result of aging is the thinning of the stratified squamous epithelium of the epidermal layer of the skin. What effects would you expect to see in the epidermis as this layer gets thinner?.
Plant cells covert sunlight (solar energy) into usable chemical energy (glucose). When we eat plants our bodies are using that chemical energy. What elements are rearranged to make glucose in plants?
A). Water and oxygen
B). Carbon dioxide and sunlight
C). Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
D). Carbon, oxygen, and solar energy
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Took the test
In a crisis, the sympathetic nervous system of your ans is highly adaptive because it prepares you for?
In a crisis, the sympathetic nervous system of your Ans is highly adaptive because it prepares you for fight or flight
Define nervous system.Your nervous system serves as the control panel for your body. Your motions, thoughts, and automatic reactions to the environment are all controlled by this system, which is located in your brain. Other bodily functions and systems, such digestion, respiration, and sexual development, are also under its control (puberty).
What are the two main component of nervous system?The Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) are the two primary parts of the nervous system (PNS).
The PNS is made up of the lengthy nerve fibers that connect the spinal cord to the rest of the body, whereas the CNS is made up of the brain, brainstem, and spinal cord. The somatic and autonomic nervous systems are the two divisions of the PNS. The sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve systems are a further division of the autonomic system.
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The graph shows the change in surface water temperatures from 1880 to the present.
How could the change in surface temperatures shown in the graph most likely impact tropical areas?
There is less average global ice, and coral bleaching will occur.Increases in surface temperature have caused an boom in the quantity of atmospheric water vapor over the oceans. This water vapor feeds climate structures that produce precipitation, growing the hazard of heavy rain and snow.
Warmer water temperatures put off ice boom withinside the fall and winter, and the ice melts quicker the subsequent spring, exposing ocean waters for an extended duration the subsequent summer. Changes in the quantity of sea ice can disrupt regular ocean circulation, thereby main to modifications in international weather.
Higher temperatures are worsening many sorts of disasters, consisting of storms, warmth waves, floods, and droughts. A hotter weather creates an surroundings which could collect, retain, and unharness extra water, converting climate styles in one of these manner that moist regions turn out to be wetter and dry regions drier.
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Answer:
There is a pattern of stronger storms and coral bleaching will occur.
Explanation:
I just read that guys answer^^
If you are unable to get your bacterial slide to focus using the 10x objective lens, but it was focused with the 4x lens, what would be the first thing to try?.
You must clean the 10X lens firstly if you are unable to get your bacterial slide to focus using the 10x objective lens, but it was focused with the 4x lens.
The four objective lenses on your microscope are the scanning (4x), low (10x), high (40x), and oil immersion lenses (100x). The oil immersion lens, which is used to observe microorganisms and calls for technical instructions not addressed in this lab, is not something you will utilize in this one.
The eyepiece's ocular lens has a magnification in addition to the objective lenses. The sum of the ocular and objective lenses' magnifications is used to get the overall magnification. The 10x objective lens has to be cleaned first if your bacterial slide was focused with the 4x lens but is not focusing with the 10x objective lens.
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Question correction:
If you are unable to get your bacterial slide to focus using the 10X objective lens, but it was focused with the 4X lens, what would be the first thing to try?
Open the diaphragm. Adjust the height of the condenser. Clean the 10X lens. Turn the brightness of the lamp down.