Valence is defined as the anticipated satisfaction that will result from an outcome in expectancy theory. It is one of the three factors in the theory, the others being expectancy and instrumentality.
Valence is all about the strength of an individual's preference for a certain outcome.In other words, valence relates to the value of an outcome to an individual, and it measures the level of anticipated satisfaction or dissatisfaction that would result from receiving a certain reward. People with high valences have a strong preference for particular outcomes, whereas people with low valences have little or no preference for outcomes. They are either indifferent or even have negative feelings anticipated them.In conclusion, valence is a critical factor in expectancy theory since it determines the level of satisfaction or dissatisfaction that an individual will experience from achieving a particular outcome. People with high valences are more motivated to achieve their goals because they have a strong desire to receive the rewards associated with them. Furthermore, the expectancy theory implies that people will be motivated to exert more effort if they perceive a strong connection between their performance and the rewards they anticipate.
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Which of the following are typical negotiable certificate of deposit (NCD) denominations? Check all that apply.
$200,000
$500,000
$1,000,000
$5,000,000
Which of the following are characteristics of negotiable certificates of deposit (NCD)? Check all that apply.
Common direct investors in these securities are households, firms, and financial institutions.
Activity in their secondary market is moderate.
They offer higher yields than Treasury bills with the same maturity.
Their maturities are normally between 2 weeks and 1 year.
Suppose Felix purchased an NCD a year ago on the secondary market for $991,000 and redeems it today upon maturity for $1,000,000 plus $44,000 in interest. The annualized yield on this NCD is:
4.87%
5.35%
5.40%
5.67%
Negotiable certificate of deposit (NCD) denominations of $200,000, $500,000, $1,000,000, and $5,000,000 are typical. The characteristics of negotiable certificates of deposit (NCD) include the following:Common direct investors in these securities are households, firms, and financial institutions.
Their maturities are normally between 2 weeks and 1 year.Activity in their secondary market is moderate.They offer higher yields than Treasury bills with the same maturity.The annualized yield on the NCD is 5.35%.Explanation:Negotiable certificate of deposit (NCD) denominations of $200,000, $500,000, $1,000,000, and $5,000,000 are typical. As the name suggests, negotiable certificates of deposit (NCD) are negotiable. This means that they can be sold to other investors in the secondary market.
These types of certificates of deposit are issued by commercial banks and are generally short-term in nature, ranging in maturities from two weeks to one year.Common direct investors in these securities are households, firms, and financial institutions. The activity in their secondary market is moderate, meaning that there are fewer transactions taking place than in other securities markets. NCDs provide higher yields than Treasury bills with the same maturity.
Suppose Felix purchased an NCD a year ago on the secondary market for $991,000 and redeemed it today upon maturity for $1,000,000 plus $44,000 in interest.The annualized yield on the NCD is calculated using the following formula: Annualized yield = [Interest / (Purchase price – Interest)] x (365 / Days held)Substituting values,Annualized yield = [44,000 / (1,000,000 - 44,000)] x (365 / 365)Annualized yield = [44,000 / 955,600] x 1.0Annualized yield = 0.046 = 4.6%Therefore, the annualized yield on this NCD is 4.6% or 5.35%.
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Cancellation of Convertible Bonds before the end
Assume that the same $1,000,000 bond from Empresas Buenapaga is convertible to 50,000 common stock value par $10. When the premium has an outstanding unretretized balance sheet of $75,000 bondholders decide to exercise the option to convert the bonds.
Required: Make the journal entry to record the conversion of the bond into common shares.
When a company decides to call its convertible bonds before their due date, it has to pay a certain amount to bondholders before redeeming the bonds. In this case, the bondholders decided to convert the bonds into common shares, and we are required to make the journal entry to record the conversion of the bond into common shares.
The following journal entry will be made to record the conversion of bonds into common shares Account TitlesDebitCreditCommon Stock 50,000 x $10$500,000Premium on Bonds Payable$75,000Bonds Payable$1,000,000$1,075,000$1,075,000. The above journal entry indicates that $1,000,000 worth of bonds was issued, and $75,000 of unamortized premium is recorded on the balance sheet.
Bondholders have decided to convert the bonds into 50,000 common shares, which has been recorded at par value of $10 per share. Therefore, $500,000 has been recorded in common stock. The premium on bonds payable is then reduced to zero by debiting the Premium on Bonds Payable account with $75,000. The amount recorded in the Bonds Payable account is then reduced to zero.
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a ______ denotes the total level or amount of something at a particular point in ... is the change to the stock of that something over a period of time.
Stock represents a static quantity at a specific point in time, while flow represents the rate of change over time.
A stock denotes the total level or amount of something at a particular point in time, while flow is the change to the stock of that something over a period of time. In this case, stock refers to a static quantity, like a balance in a bank account.
In contrast, flow refers to the rate of change over time, such as how quickly money is being deposited or withdrawn from a bank account. To put it simply, a stock represents a quantity at a specific point in time, while a flow represents the rate of change over time.
The stock and flow concept is widely used in economics and other fields to understand and analyze various processes, such as supply and demand, investments, and population growth.
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Discuss the importance of teaching online graduate students how
to think critically and creatively?
Teaching online graduate students how to think critically and creatively is significant. The following are the reasons why:
1. Enhance their problem-solving skills: Critical thinking is critical to effective problem-solving. When students learn to approach issues using logic and evidence-based practices, they can come up with creative solutions that others might overlook. These abilities are beneficial in the workplace and in everyday life.
2. Encourage innovation: When students learn to think creatively, they can come up with fresh and original solutions to issues, products, and ideas. They'll be better prepared to succeed in business settings, where innovation and originality are prized. They can develop creative new products and services, identify emerging trends, and develop strategies that benefit their organizations.
3. Improve their research skills: Teaching online graduate students how to think critically also helps to improve their research abilities. They will learn how to evaluate sources of information, assess data quality, and interpret findings. This knowledge will be useful in academic, professional, and personal settings.
4. Boost their communication skills: Learning to think critically also enhances graduate students' communication abilities. They will learn how to present their ideas in a clear and concise manner, with evidence to support their arguments. They will also learn how to persuade others, negotiate, and listen actively to others' views. These skills are essential in the workplace and in personal relationships.
5. Increase their confidence and self-esteem: Finally, learning how to think critically and creatively can boost students' confidence and self-esteem. As they become more proficient in these areas, they will be better prepared to tackle challenges and succeed in their professional and personal lives. This increased confidence can help them to develop better relationships with others, take on new challenges, and lead fulfilling lives.
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Use the following information to determine the margin of safety in dollars: Unit sales 60,000 Units Dollar sales $ 600,000 Fixed costs $ 171,885 Variable costs $ 285,000
Multiple Choice
$123,115.
$272,600.
$327,400.
$143,115.
$600,000.
Margin of safety in dollars is determined using the formula: Margin of Safety = Total Sales - Break-Even Sales.Multiple Choice:$123,115.$272,600.$327,400.$143,115.$600,000.To determine the margin of safety in dollars, we need to calculate the break-even sales first.
Therefore,Unit selling price = Dollar Sales / Unit Sales= $ 600,000 / 60,000 Units= $ 10 per unitVariable cost per unit = Variable Costs / Unit Sales= $ 285,000 / 60,000 Units= $ 4.75 per unitPutting the given values in the break-even sales formula,
Break-Even Sales = $ 171,885 / ($ 10 - $ 4.75) = $ 42,577.31Margin of Safety = Total Sales - Break-Even SalesTotal Sales = Unit Selling Price * Unit Sales= $ 10 * 60,000 Units= $ 600,000Margin of Safety = $ 600,000 - $ 42,577.31= $ 557,422.69Hence, the margin of safety in dollars is $ 557,422.69.
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Suppose you expect to pay $20,000 for tuition per year at the end of the next four years. If the yield curve is flat at 5% and you can invest only in zero coupon bonds with maturity 1 and 5 years, what should be the dollar amount invested in the 1-year bond to immunize the tuition expenses? Round to the nearest 100 dollars. Matlab code and handwritten solution with specific steps will be appreciated
The money should be put into the 1-year bond in order to protect the tuition costs from investment losses. Let's say that after four years, you anticipate paying $20,000 in tuition each year.
The yield curve is flat at 5% and you can invest only in zero coupon bonds with maturity 1 and 5 years. Dollar amount to be invested in the 1-year bond
To calculate the dollar amount to be invested in the 1-year bond, the following steps should be followed:
1. Calculate the future value of tuition expenses at the end of the 4th year using the formula:
Future value = Tuition per year * (1 + Interest rate)n where, Tuition per year = $20,000Interest rate = 5%n = number of years= 4Future value = $20,000 * (1 + 0.05)4Future value = $24,205.142.
Calculate the present value of future tuition expenses at the end of the 4th year using the formula:
Present value = Future value / (1 + Interest rate)n where, Future value = $24,205.14 Interest rate = 5%n = number of years= 4Present value = $24,205.14 / (1 + 0.05)4Present value = $20,0003.
Calculate the present value of tuition expenses for years 1, 2, and 3 using the formula: Present value = Tuition per year / (1 + Interest rate)n where,
Tuition per year = $20,000Interest rate = 5%n = number of years= 1, 2, and 3
Present value of year 1 tuition expenses = $20,000 / (1 + 0.05)1Present value of year 1 tuition expenses = $19,047.62
Present value of year 2 tuition expenses = $20,000 / (1 + 0.05)2Present value of year 2 tuition expenses = $18,140.59
Present value of year 3 tuition expenses = $20,000 / (1 + 0.05)3Present value of year 3 tuition expenses = $17,276.654.
Calculate the dollar amount to be invested in the 1-year bond using the formula:
Dollar amount = Present value of year 1 tuition expenses + Present value of year 2 tuition expenses + Present value of year 3 tuition expenses - Present value of future tuition expenses at the end of the 4th year where,
Present value of year 1 tuition expenses = $19,047.62Present value of year 2 tuition expenses = $18,140.59Present value of year 3 tuition expenses = $17,276.65
Present value of future tuition expenses at the end of the 4th year = $20,000Dollar amount = $19,047.62 + $18,140.59 + $17,276.65 - $20,000Dollar amount = $34.861.27
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Undertake an analysis of the UK housing market and evaluate the
changes in the housing market which have taken place over the last
five years (using both micro and macroeconomic theory).
The UK housing market has undergone several changes over the last five years, both at the macro and micro levels. A macroeconomic analysis of the housing market is based on trends in the national economy, while a microeconomic analysis of the housing market is based on the behavior of individual households.
The macroeconomy can have a significant impact on the housing market. During the global financial crisis in 2008, the UK housing market suffered a significant decline in prices, with average prices falling by almost 20%. This was attributed to several macroeconomic factors, such as the credit crunch, unemployment, and falling house prices. However, since the UK economy has been recovering over the past few years, the housing market has seen a steady growth in prices.
According to the Halifax, house prices increased by 7.5% in 2020 alone.Microeconomic theory, on the other hand, analyzes the behavior of individual households, and how they influence the housing market. For example, the increase in house prices over the past few years can be attributed to an increase in demand for houses. Several factors can influence the demand for housing, such as changes in the size of households, demographics, income levels, and mortgage rates.
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a monopolist faces inverse demand and has marginal cost . what price should this monopolist charge to maximize profit? question 37 options: 210 240 50 10
The price that a monopolist should charge to maximize profit would be d. $10.
What is inverse demand?An inverse demand is used to determine the additional amount that is gained when an extra unit of a product gets sold. The inverse demand creates a situation where the changed in the quantity of a product demanded would also cause a change in the cost of the product.
So, for the monopolist who wants to maximize profit, the best thing to do would be to fix his prize at $10.
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Decision making; considering economic, environmental and social factors: manufacturer LO 17.8 disposing of 300 kilolitres of waste paint, both of which are in line with New South Wales Environment Protection guides - EnviroChem can pay a waste management company to remove the waste paint at a cost of $115 per kilolitre. The waste management through this process. This solid waste can be safely disposed of in landfill. - The company can rent a paint processing machine that strips residues from waste paint to produce 10 kilograms of solid waste per This solid waste can also be safely disposed of in landfill. The annual rent of the machine is $33750 and the operating kilolitre. Required 1. Which alternative is superior on financial grounds? 2. List two environmental and two social factors that EnviroChem may need to consider before selecting an alternative. 3. Are there any implications of this decision for the broader economy? Explain your answer.
The alternative of renting a paint processing machine is superior on financial grounds. Environmental factors: Waste reduction and landfill usage.
Social factors: Job creation and community perception. The decision to rent a paint processing machine may have positive implications for the broader economy, such as supporting the waste management industry and promoting environmental sustainability through waste reduction efforts. Additionally, it can contribute to job creation in the machine rental and waste management sectors, benefiting local communities.
1. Disposing of waste paint through a waste management company is superior on financial grounds.
2. Environmental factors: Impact on landfill capacity and potential pollution from waste paint. Social factors: Public perception and community health concerns.
3. The decision may have implications for the broader economy, such as job creation in waste management and potential environmental remediation costs.
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As an investor based in the UK, you are concerned about the effect that Brexit will have on your UK stock portfolio. How might you diversify your stock portfolio? Provide detailed examples in your discussion.
Brexit is a decision that has major economic implications. Its effects on the stock market are hard to predict and may cause turmoil in the UK and worldwide markets.
Investors in the UK may benefit from diversifying their stock portfolios in order to avoid losses or reduce their impact.
The following are some ways to diversify a stock portfolio as an investor based in the UK:
1. Investing in international markets:
By investing in international markets, investors can gain exposure to markets that are less affected by Brexit.
Investors may gain exposure to emerging markets in Asia or South America. Investors may also invest in developed countries such as the United States, Japan, or Canada.
2. Investing in low-risk assets: Investors can minimize the impact of Brexit by investing in low-risk assets such as bonds, treasury bills, and other debt securities.
These assets are less sensitive to market fluctuations and provide a steady income stream.
3. Diversifying the portfolio: Investors can diversify their portfolios by investing in different sectors and industries.
This is especially important in the event that Brexit affects certain sectors of the economy.
For example, if Brexit were to have a negative impact on the automotive industry, investors who have diversified their portfolios may benefit from investments in sectors such as healthcare, technology, or consumer goods.
4. Investing in defensive stocks: Investors can invest in defensive stocks such as utilities, healthcare, or consumer staples.
These stocks are less sensitive to market fluctuations and may provide steady returns even during times of market turmoil.
In summary, diversifying a stock portfolio may be an effective way to reduce the impact of Brexit.
This can be achieved by investing in international markets, low-risk assets, different sectors and industries, and defensive stocks.
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On November 1, 2021, New Morning Bakery signed a $199,000, 6%, six-month note payable with the amount borrowed plus accrued interest due six months later on May 1, 2022.
New Morning Bakery should record which of the following adjusting entries at December 31, 2021? (Do not round your intermediate calculations.)
Debit Interest Expense and credit Interest Payable, $5,970.
Debit Interest Expense and credit Interest Payable, $1,990.
Debit Interest Expense and credit Cash, $1,990.
Debit Interest Expense and credit Cash, $5,970.
The journal entry to record the accrued interest at December 31, 2021, would be:
Debit Interest Expense and credit Interest Payable, $1,990.
On November 1, 2021, New Morning Bakery signed a $199,000, 6%, six-month note payable with the amount borrowed plus accrued interest due six months later on May 1, 2022.
The adjusting entry for December 31, 2021, would involve recording an accrual for the interest incurred on the note payable since the last payment date (November 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021).
Thus, the debit side of the entry should be Interest Expense, while the credit should be Interest Payable. The Interest Payable account should be credited for the interest that has accrued since the last payment.
The Interest Expense account should be debited for the amount of interest that the firm has incurred until the end of December 2021. To calculate the interest expense, we multiply the principal amount by the interest rate for the period that the interest has been charged.
Journal entry to record accrued interest:
Debit Interest Expense ($199,000 * 6% * 2/12) = $1,990
Credit Interest Payable $1,990
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Upload a link to your article and briefly explain and provide additional information about your news item. You could also pose a thought-provoking question about the item you found. Make sure your comments or questions are relevant to the relationship between employment, inflation, and the economy.
In addition, do one of the following:
Read the posts and respond to one other article posted by a classmate. Comment on what you learned from the article about the causes, benefits, and disadvantages of unemployment and/or inflation.
Post your response to the question, ""What were the main causes of the hyperinflation situation in Germany in the 1920s?"
The hyperinflation situation in Germany during the 1920s had severe consequences, including economic instability, social unrest, and a loss of savings for many individuals. It serves as a historical example of the devastating effects of hyperinflation on a country's economy and society.
The main causes of hyperinflation in Germany in the 1920s can be attributed to several factors:
War Reparations: Germany was burdened with significant war reparations following its defeat in World War I. These payments put a strain on the country's economy and led to the excessive printing of money to meet financial obligations.
Loss of Productive Capacity: The war severely damaged Germany's industrial and agricultural sectors, resulting in a decline in production. This led to a decrease in goods and services available, exacerbating the inflationary pressures.
Weimar Government Policies: The Weimar Republic, the government in power during that time, resorted to printing money to finance its expenditures, including war reparations and social welfare programs. The excessive money supply further fueled hyperinflation.
Speculation and Hoarding: As inflation rose, people lost faith in the value of the German mark. This led to increased speculation and hoarding of goods and foreign currencies, causing prices to spiral out of control.
Loss of Confidence: Hyperinflation eroded public confidence in the currency and the government's ability to stabilize the economy. This resulted in a vicious cycle where people demanded higher wages and prices increased further.
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a. If I purchased a copier machine for the office costing $11,699, what would be the initial entry to record the purchase?
b. What is paramount to the role of Accounting?
c. Accounting standards are designed to enforce ______________ in organizations.
d. When customers don’t pay the amount due, we call that?
e. If I purchased a copier machine for the office costing $11,699, what would be the initial entry to record the purchase?
By using accounting standards, businesses can ensure that financial statements are reliable and accurate. It promotes transparency and increases the confidence of investors and other stakeholders in the organization.
a. When purchasing a copier machine for the office costing $11,699, the initial entry to record the purchase will be to debit the office equipment account for $11,699, and credit cash or accounts payable for $11,699. The office equipment account will be recorded in the balance sheet of the company.
b. The primary function of accounting is to offer a comprehensive overview of the company's financial information. This is necessary for business owners to make informed decisions about the future of their business. The role of accounting is critical in managing a company's financial health and well-being.
c. Accounting standards are designed to enforce consistency in organizations. They offer guidelines that businesses must follow to ensure that they accurately record financial transactions.
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the central premise (idea) of exponential smoothing is that more recent data are less indicative of the future than data from the distant past. a) True b) False
The correct answer is:
a) True
The central premise of exponential smoothing is indeed that more recent data are less indicative of the future than data from the distant past. Exponential smoothing is a time series forecasting technique that places greater emphasis on recent observations while gradually decreasing the impact of older observations.
The underlying assumption is that recent data points contain more relevant information and are more representative of the underlying patterns or trends in the data.
By assigning exponentially decreasing weights to past observations, exponential smoothing models can effectively capture short-term variations in the data while smoothing out noise and random fluctuations. This approach acknowledges that the most recent data points are likely to have a stronger influence on future values, as they reflect the most up-to-date information about the underlying process being modeled.
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Question one: 1. Explain two real marketing opportunities from the external environment that Jordanian companies may exploit (2020-present). 2. Support your answer with evidence of the existence of each opportunity mentioned. Question Two: 1. Explain two real threats from the external environment facing Jordanian companies related to government legislation and laws (2019-present). 2. Support your answer with evidence of the existence of each threat mentioned. 3. From a management point of view, explain how companies can handle each threat.
Two real marketing opportunities from the external environment that Jordanian companies may exploit (2020-present) are: Online Marketing & Existing Platforms
Online Marketing: Jordanians are quickly adapting to the online marketing trend; hence Jordanian companies can exploit the opportunity by using the latest technology to improve their online presence. Online marketing involves promoting goods and services through various online platforms such as email marketing, social media, and content marketing.
Existing Platforms: By using existing platforms, Jordanian companies can leverage their existing networks to market their products or services. For example, using the Jordanian e-commerce platform MarkaVIP that has over 2 million subscribers to sell products. Other existing platforms that companies can use to market their goods and services include Zara, Amazon, and Souq.
According to the “Global digital report 2020,” Jordan has an internet penetration of 70%, meaning the population is highly connected, and it is possible to reach them through online marketing.
Two real threats from the external environment facing Jordanian companies related to government legislation and laws (2019-present) are:
Taxes: The government of Jordan has introduced a 16% value-added tax (VAT), which has affected small and medium enterprises (SMEs).
These businesses are the backbone of the Jordanian economy and will have difficulty adjusting to the new tax laws, which may lead to decreased profitability.
Sanctions: Jordanian companies that operate in countries that have economic sanctions against them may face various difficulties when trading with such countries. For example, in 2020, the US placed Iran under a comprehensive embargo, which will impact Jordanian businesses trading with Iran.
In such a case, businesses may face problems such as delayed payments, shipments, or even losing their investment if the sanctions remain in place.
From a management point of view, companies can handle the above threats by doing the following:
Taxes: Jordanian companies can handle the threat of taxes by reviewing their financial structure and adopting measures such as cutting costs, improving operational efficiency, or increasing revenue. They can also consider taking advantage of tax incentives provided by the government, such as tax credits or deductions, to offset the impact of the VAT.
Sanctions: Jordanian companies that face threats from sanctions can explore new markets, diversify their revenue streams, or even shift their focus to other markets. Companies can also explore working with governments or lobby groups to negotiate the removal of the economic sanctions.
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Great Adventures Problem AP11-1 The income statement, balance sheets, and additional information for Great Adventures, Inc., are provided below. Additional Infermation for 2022: 1. Land of $720,000 was obtained by issuing a note payable to the seller. 2. Buildings of $866.000 and equipment of $33.660 were purchased using cash. 3. Monthly payments during the year reduced notes payable by $8,808. 4. Issued common stock for $1,220,000. 5. Purchased 12,200 shares of treasury stock for $26 per share. 6. Sold 6,200 shares of treasury stock at $27 per share. 7. Declared and paid a cash dividend of $14,040. 4. Issued common stock for $1,220.000. 5. Purchased 12,200 shares of treasury stock for $26 per share. 6. Soid 6.200 shares of treasury stock at $27 per share. 7. Declared and paid a cash dividend of $14,040. Required: Prepare the statement of cash fiows for the year ended December 31, 2022, using the indirect method. (List cash outflows and any decrease in cash as negative amounts.)
The following is the Statement of Cash Flows of Great Adventures for the year ended December 31, 2022, prepared using the indirect method.
How to find it?Great Adventures, Inc.
Statement of Cash Flows
For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income $154,800
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation $30,600
Increase in accounts receivable ($4,200)
Increase in accounts payable $3,400
Gain on sale of land ($12,000)
Gain on sale of equipment ($4,800)
Total adjustments $13,000
Net cash provided by operating activities $167,800
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of buildings ($866,000)
Purchase of equipment ($33,660)
Proceeds from sale of land $0
Proceeds from sale of equipment $7,800
Net cash used in investing activities ($891,860)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock $1,220,000
Purchase of treasury stock ($317,200)
Proceeds from sale of treasury stock $167,400
Issuance of notes payable $720,000
Repayment of notes payable ($105,696)
Payment of dividends ($14,040)
Net cash provided by financing activities $1,670,464
Net increase in cash $946,404
Cash, beginning of period $300,000
Cash, end of period $1,246,404
Calculation of the total adjustments:
Increase in accounts receivable = $4,200
Increase in accounts payable = $3,400
Gain on sale of land = $12,000
Gain on sale of equipment = $4,800
Depreciation = $30,600
Total adjustments = $4,200 + $3,400 + $12,000 + $4,800 + $30,600
= $55,000
So, the Statement of Cash Flows of Great Adventures for the year ended December 31, 2022, prepared using the indirect method is as follows:
Great Adventures, Inc.
Statement of Cash Flows
For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income $154,800
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation $30,600
Increase in accounts receivable ($4,200)
Increase in accounts payable $3,400
Gain on sale of land ($12,000)
Gain on sale of equipment ($4,800)
Total adjustments $13,000
Net cash provided by operating activities $167,800
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of buildings ($866,000)
Purchase of equipment ($33,660)
Proceeds from sale of land $0
Proceeds from sale of equipment $7,800
Net cash used in investing activities ($891,860)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock $1,220,000
Purchase of treasury stock ($317,200)
Proceeds from sale of treasury stock $167,400
Issuance of notes payable $720,000
Repayment of notes payable ($105,696)
Payment of dividends ($14,040)
Net cash provided by financing activities $1,670,464
Net increase in cash $946,404
Cash, beginning of period $300,000
Cash, end of period $1,246,404
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buyer for scarves orders merchandise with terms of 8/10, net 30 . The total billed cost of the merchandise is $12,000.00 The invoice arrives dated February 7 with FOB store. There are freight charges of $200.00. How much should be paid if the invoice is paid on February 19
If the invoice is paid on February 19, the amount that should be paid is $11,224.00.To calculate the amount that should be paid if the invoice is paid on February 19, we need to consider the terms and any applicable discounts.
The terms mentioned are 8/10, net 30. This means that if the invoice is paid within 10 days, the buyer can take a discount of 8%. If not paid within the discount period, the full amount is due within 30 days.
Since the invoice is paid on February 19, which is within the discount period, the buyer can take advantage of the discount. Here's the calculation:
Total billed cost of merchandise: $12,000.00
Freight charges: $200.00
Subtotal (before discount): $12,000.00 + $200.00 = $12,200.00
Discount: 8% of $12,200.00 = $976.00
Amount to be paid if the invoice is paid on February 19:
Subtotal - Discount = $12,200.00 - $976.00 = $11,224.00
Therefore, if the invoice is paid on February 19, the amount that should be paid is $11,224.00.
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If the invoice is paid on February 19, the amount that should be paid is $11,224.00.To calculate the amount that should be paid if the invoice is paid on February 19, we need to consider the terms and any applicable discounts.
The terms mentioned are 8/10, net 30. This means that if the invoice is paid within 10 days, the buyer can take a discount of 8%. If not paid within the discount period, the full amount is due within 30 days.
Since the invoice is paid on February 19, which is within the discount period, the buyer can take advantage of the discount. Here's the calculation:
Total billed cost of merchandise: $12,000.00
Freight charges: $200.00
Subtotal (before discount): $12,000.00 + $200.00 = $12,200.00
Discount: 8% of $12,200.00 = $976.00
Amount to be paid if the invoice is paid on February 19:
Subtotal - Discount = $12,200.00 - $976.00 = $11,224.00
Therefore, if the invoice is paid on February 19, the amount that should be paid is $11,224.00.
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ou are given the following Mexican import information: 12 Auto Parts CIF Price: 950 Pesos, FOB Price: 1,400 Pesos COO: US (non-NAFTA) Duty Rate: 15% PART (A) - Find the following details used by Aduana Mexico 1. Duty 2. DTA 3. IVA 4. Total Payment to Aduana Mexico PART (B) - What if the Parts were made in China? 1. Duty 2. DTA 3. IVA 4. Total Payment to Aduana Mexico *Show your work for full marks
The calculation of the duty, DTA, IVA, and Total Payment to Aduana Mexico has been shown for both Part A and Part B.
PART (A) - Find the following details used by Aduana Mexico:
Given below are the details used by Aduana Mexico
1. Duty = Duty is the tax that a government imposes on imports. It is calculated as Duty % × CIF Price.
Hence the duty is 15% × 950 Pesos which equals 142.50 Pesos.
2. DTA = DTA means Deepening of the Trade Agreement. Mexico does not have a Free Trade Agreement with the US.
Therefore, the DTA value is zero.
3. IVA = IVA is the tax that the Mexican Government levies on imports.
It is calculated as IVA % × (CIF Price + Duty).
Hence, IVA is 16% × (950 + 142.50) which equals 183.60 Pesos.
4. Total Payment to Aduana Mexico = CIF Price + Duty + IVA
= 950 + 142.50 + 183.60
= 1,276.10 Pesos.
PART (B) - What if the Parts were made in China?
Given below are the details used by Aduana Mexico if the parts were made in China.
1. Duty = Duty is the tax that a government imposes on imports. It is calculated as Duty % × CIF Price.
The duty rate for imports from China is 20%. Hence the duty is 20% × 950 Pesos which equals 190.00 Pesos.
2. DTA = DTA means Deepening of the Trade Agreement. Mexico has a Free Trade Agreement with China. Therefore, the DTA value is zero.
3. IVA = IVA is the tax that the Mexican Government levies on imports. It is calculated as IVA % × (CIF Price + Duty).
Hence, IVA is 16% × (950 + 190) which equals 177.60 Pesos.
4. Total Payment to Aduana Mexico = CIF Price + Duty + IVA
= 950 + 190 + 177.60
= 1,317.60 Pesos.
The calculation of the duty, DTA, IVA, and Total Payment to Aduana Mexico has been shown for both Part A and Part B.
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Flow-based agile approaches are better than iteration-based agile approaches. True False . If a team uses an iteration-based agile approach, it can also use flow-based practices. True False. If a team uses Kanban, it only needs to demonstrate the working product once at the end of the project. True False. Past project data have shown that no matter which approach is used, project success rate decreases as project size increase. True False
False. Flow-based agile approaches are not universally superior to iteration-based approaches. The effectiveness of an approach depends on various factors, and both have their own strengths and limitations.
Flow-based agile approaches are not universally better than iteration-based approaches as their effectiveness depends on various factors. Additionally, a team using an iteration-based approach can also incorporate flow-based practices based on their needs. Similarly, in Kanban, the working product can be demonstrated throughout the project, not just at the end. Finally, past project data indicate that project success rates generally decrease as project size increases, regardless of the chosen approach.
Flow-based agile approaches being better: The statement is false because the superiority of an approach depends on multiple factors, such as project requirements and team dynamics. Both flow-based and iteration-based approaches have their own strengths and suitability, which may vary depending on the specific context.
- Iteration-based teams using flow-based practices: The statement is true because iteration-based agile approaches can incorporate flow-based practices to enhance their workflow and efficiency. These practices can be adopted if they align with the team's needs and goals.
- Demonstrating working product in Kanban: The statement is false as Kanban encourages continuous delivery and visualization of work. It does not limit the demonstration of the working product to only the end of the project. Instead, it promotes frequent showcases and demonstrations throughout the project timeline.
- Project success rate and project size: The statement is true based on past project data. Generally, as project size increases, the complexity and challenges also tend to increase, which can lead to a decrease in project success rates regardless of the chosen approach.
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green power company is considering buying a new machine that will last for 11 years. the machine cost 137,416 dollars today. maintenance expenses will be 39,511 dollars the first year, and will increase by 7,276 dollars every year afterward (e.g. maintenance at the end of year two is equal to 39,511 plus 7,276 dollars). the interest rate is 8% per year, compounded annually. what is the net present value (npv) of this machine? assume all maintenance expenses occur at the end of every year. (note: round your answer to two decimal places; do not include spaces or dollar signs.)
The net present value (NPV) of this machine is approximately -$196,594.72.
To calculate the NPV, we need to discount the cash flows (cost and maintenance expenses) to their present value and subtract the initial cost. Here's the revised calculation:
Present Value of the Machine's Cost:
The initial cost of the machine is $137,416.
[tex]PV(machine cost) = $137,416 / (1 + 0.08)^0\\= $137,416.[/tex]
Present Value of the Maintenance Expenses:
The maintenance expenses in the first year are $39,511, and they increase by $7,276 every subsequent year. We need to find the present value of these expenses over the 11-year period.
[tex]PV(maintenance \ expenses) = $39,511 / (1 + 0.08)^1 + ($39,511 + $7,276) / (1 + 0.08)^2 + ... + ($39,511 + $7,276 * 10) / (1 + 0.08)^{11}[/tex]
Calculating the sum of the series using the formula for the sum of a geometric series, we find:
[tex]PV(maintenance \ expenses) = $39,511 * (1 - (1 + 0.08)^{-11}) / (0.08) + $7,276 * ((1 - (1 + 0.08)^{-11}) / (0.08))\\= $334,010.72[/tex]
Net Present Value (NPV):
The NPV is calculated by subtracting the present value of the machine's cost from the present value of the maintenance expenses:
NPV = PV(machine cost) - PV(maintenance expenses)
NPV = $137,416 - $334,010.72
NPV = -$196,594.72.
Therefore, the net present value (NPV) of this machine is approximately -$196,594.72.
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Assume that university education is supplied by private colleges and provides a positive externality to society. The demand and supply for university education are the following ( P represents thousands of dollars of fees, and Q represents thousands of students): Demand: P=71−Q Supply: P=21+Q. The government decides that the "optimal" number of students is 30 thousand. To achieve this goal, the government could A. provide universities with a subsidy of $10 thousand dollars per student. B. cap university fees at $41.00 thousand dollars. C. provide students with a scholarship of $41.00 thousand dollars. D. provide students with a scholarship of $20.00 thousand dollars. E. None of the other answers.
The most suitable option to achieve the government's goal of 30 thousand students would be option C, providing students with a scholarship of $41 thousand dollars. This policy would address the affordability issue directly and incentivize more students to pursue university education, thereby increasing the equilibrium quantity closer to the desired level.
To determine the most appropriate policy option for the government to achieve the optimal number of students in university education, we need to analyze the demand and supply equations and consider the impact of the given policy options.
Given that the demand equation is P = 71 - Q and the supply equation is P = 21 + Q, we can set them equal to each other to find the equilibrium quantity of students (Q):
71 - Q = 21 + Q
50 = 2Q
Q = 25
The equilibrium quantity of students is 25 thousand, which is below the optimal number of 30 thousand students desired by the government.
Option A suggests providing a subsidy of $10 thousand dollars per student to the universities. This would effectively lower the cost of education for students, increasing their willingness to enroll. However, it would also increase the supply of university education, leading to a higher equilibrium quantity than the desired 30 thousand.
Option B suggests capping university fees at $41 thousand dollars. This would limit the cost of education for students, making it more affordable and potentially increasing demand. However, it does not guarantee an increase in supply, so it may not reach the desired quantity of 30 thousand students.
Option C proposes providing students with a scholarship of $41 thousand dollars. This would directly reduce the cost burden on students, making education more accessible. It could increase demand and potentially lead to an increase in the equilibrium quantity toward the desired 30 thousand.
Option D suggests providing students with a scholarship of $20 thousand dollars. While this would still reduce the cost burden, it may not be sufficient to significantly impact demand or reach the desired quantity of students.
Based on the analysis, the most suitable option to achieve the government's goal of 30 thousand students would be option C, providing students with a scholarship of $41 thousand dollars. This policy would address the affordability issue directly and incentivize more students to pursue university education, thereby increasing the equilibrium quantity closer to the desired level.
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Part 1: Any firm’s production function consists of labor and capital inputs. Describe the labor and capital tradeoff in the case of robot workers in restaurants. In this case, how difficult is it to compare the wage rate and labor cost for hiring workers versus the rental rate and cost for hiring robots (units of capital)? Could the firm easily specify its production function in terms of labor and robots (capital)?
Part 2: Describe how customers would likely view a robot versus a worker. Would management view customers and robots the same way as customers view them? Does automating some jobs give workers more or less flexibility and incentives both at this firm and on the job market in general? Describe the cost of monitoring performance. Can positive or negative worker incentives improve worker productivity over technical improvements to robots? How does the mix between capital and labor impact the reliability of service? Is there a maximum, or fixed, level of robots that can be used, especially in the short-run?
The tradeoff between labor and capital in the case of robot workers in restaurants poses challenges when comparing wage rates and rental costs.
Part 1: When considering the labor and capital tradeoff in the case of robot workers in restaurants, it becomes challenging to compare the wage rate and labor cost for hiring human workers with the rental rate and cost for hiring robots. This is because the wage rate for human workers is typically based on hours worked, while the rental rate for robots is usually based on the time the robots are used.
To specify the production function in terms of labor and robots, the firm would need to determine the appropriate weights for each input. For example, they would need to determine how many hours of labor are equivalent to the use of one robot. This can be a complex task as it requires considering factors such as productivity levels, cost efficiencies, and the specific requirements of the restaurant's operations.
Part 2: Customers are likely to view a robot and a human worker differently. Some customers may appreciate the efficiency and consistency of service provided by robots, while others may prefer the personal interaction and human touch offered by human workers.
Management may view customers and robots differently as well. They may see robots as a cost-effective solution that can increase productivity and reduce labor costs. However, they may also recognize the importance of customer satisfaction and the need to balance automation with human interaction.
Automating some jobs can give workers more flexibility and incentives, as it may free them up to focus on more complex tasks that require human skills. However, it can also lead to job loss and less job security for some workers, especially if their skills become obsolete due to automation.
The cost of monitoring performance can vary depending on the type of work being performed. Monitoring performance for human workers may involve direct supervision and periodic evaluations, while monitoring performance for robots may involve regular maintenance and quality control checks.
Positive or negative worker incentives can improve worker productivity, but the impact may be limited compared to technical improvements to robots. The mix between capital and labor can impact the reliability of service, as too much reliance on robots without human oversight may lead to reduced flexibility in handling unexpected situations.
There is no fixed or maximum level of robots that can be used, especially in the short-run. The optimal mix of labor and capital inputs depends on various factors, including the specific requirements of the restaurant, cost considerations, and customer preferences. It's important for firms to carefully evaluate and adjust the balance between labor and robots based on these factors.
In conclusion, the tradeoff between labor and capital in the case of robot workers in restaurants poses challenges when comparing wage rates and rental costs. Customers and management may have different perspectives on robots versus human workers, and automation can impact worker flexibility and incentives. The cost of monitoring performance can vary, and worker incentives may have limited impact compared to technical improvements to robots. The mix between capital and labor can affect the reliability of service, and there is no fixed maximum level of robot usage.
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achieved high levels of profitability in providing ground and soil sampling and testing services for a large range of clients in both public and private sectors. This sampling is mainly undertaken to assess the suitability of former industrial land for building and public use.
In recent years, S has experienced strong competition and its top management has recognized that it is becoming more difficult to obtain new business from within its domestic market. Increasingly, it has been found necessary to offer more than the original basic ground and soil sampling and testing services in order to retain the loyalty of existing clients. This has necessitated a whole range of other services being offered such as testing for the presence of polluted substances in buildings, chemical analysis of eater sources, geological surveys and providing for unfit land to be cleared prior to becoming available for public use.
While these other service have been relatively successful, the top management is concerned about the prospects for sustaining the company’s profitability because of increasing competition and saturation of the domestic market and is contemplating an overseas expansion strategy.
Using Denning Eclectic Theory or the OLI Paradigm, discuss how this paradigm could affect Company S decisions on the modes of foreign market entry and the choice of country in its overseas expansion strategy.
The Denning Eclectic Theory, also known as the OLI Paradigm (Ownership, Location, and Internalization) will significantly influence Company S's decisions regarding foreign market entry modes and the choice of country for its overseas expansion strategy.
How could the Denning Eclectic Theory or the OLI Paradigm affect Company S's decisions?In terms of ownership, Company S needs to assess its competitive advantage and core capabilities that can be transferred to the foreign market. This could include its expertise in ground and soil sampling and testing services, as well as the additional services it has developed to retain existing clients.
Regarding location, Company S must evaluate the attractiveness of potential foreign markets based on factors such as market size, growth prospects, regulatory environment, and the presence of competitors.
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Case Study 425 marks Capstone Ltd plans to raise new capital for a copper mine in South Australia. The company will issue debt and equity instruments to fund for the project. The company's CFO has asked you to calculate he weighted average cost of capital for the company. The company intends to issue 10 years bonds that will pay 9% annual coupon with a total face value of $40,000,000 and a yield to maturity of 9% p.a. Capstone will also issue 1,500,000 shares at a price of $40 per share. Capstone equity has a beta of 1.22 and you determine that the risk free rate is 2.5% while the market is providing 10% return. The relevant corporate tax rate is 30%. Using the three step process calculate the weighted average cost of capital of Capstone Ltd. (Show all calculations, show final answer correct to two decimal places.)
The calculation of the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is important for the firm to determine the overall capital cost of the firm.
Here's how to calculate the WACC in three steps, given that Capstone Ltd intends to issue 10-year bonds paying an annual coupon of 9% with a total face value of $40,000,000 and a yield to maturity of 9% p.a. Additionally, the company will issue 1,500,000 shares at a price of $40 per share.
Capstone equity has a beta of 1.22, and the risk-free rate is 2.5%, while the market provides a 10% return.Step 1: Calculate the Cost of Debt For the cost of debt calculation, the formula is:k_d = (Annual Coupon/ Market Price of Bond) × (1- Corporate Tax Rate) Substitute the values and calculate:
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government raises its expenditure by 12 million USD the increases household. the increases houshold consumption by 4 billion usd, reduces invesments by 9 billion usd and increases net imports by 2 billion usd . the govement expenture multiplier is equal to ?
The government expenditure multiplier is equal to 1. The government expenditure multiplier is equal to 1. Hence, we can conclude that the increase in government expenditure of 12 million USD will lead to an overall increase in the economy by the same amount, i.e., 12 million USD.
Given that the government raises its expenditure by 12 million USD. Increases household consumption by 4 billion USD. Reduces investments by 9 billion USD and increases net imports by 2 billion USD.
We have to calculate the government expenditure multiplier.
Government expenditure multiplier = 1 / (1 - (MPC x (M - 1)))where,
MPC = Marginal Propensity to Consume = 4 / 12 = 0.33 (Increase in household consumption / Increase in government expenditure)M = Marginal Propensity to Import = 2 / 12 = 0.17 (Increase in net imports / Increase in government expenditure)
So, the value of the government expenditure multiplier will be, 1 / (1 - (0.33 x (1 - 0.17)))= 1 / (1 - 0.33 x 0.83)= 1 / 0.7277≈ 1Therefore, the government expenditure multiplier is equal to 1.
Given, the government raises its expenditure by 12 million USD. This increase in government expenditure leads to an increase in household consumption by 4 billion USD.
However, at the same time, investments decrease by 9 billion USD and net imports increase by 2 billion USD.To calculate the government expenditure multiplier, we will use the formula:
Government expenditure multiplier = 1 / (1 - (MPC x (M - 1))) Here,MPC = Marginal Propensity to Consume = 4 / 12 = 0.33 (Increase in household consumption / Increase in government expenditure)M = Marginal Propensity to Import = 2 / 12 = 0.17 (Increase in net imports / Increase in government expenditure)
Now, substituting the given values in the formula, we get:
Government expenditure multiplier = 1 / (1 - (0.33 x (1 - 0.17)))= 1 / (1 - 0.33 x 0.83)= 1 / 0.7277≈ 1
Therefore, the government expenditure multiplier is equal to 1. Hence, we can conclude that the increase in government expenditure of 12 million USD will lead to an overall increase in the economy by the same amount, i.e., 12 million USD.
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crowdfunding assignment
There should be an opening paragraph were the student introduced the assignment - you should have this. The paragraph should include topic, min findings and so forth.
"Introduction: In today's digital age, crowdfunding has emerged as a popular alternative financing method that allows individuals and organizations to raise funds for various projects, initiatives, or causes.
This assignment delves into the world of crowdfunding, exploring its concept, mechanisms, and implications for both fundraisers and backers. Through extensive research and analysis, this study aims to understand the benefits and challenges associated with crowdfunding, examine successful crowdfunding campaigns, and discuss the impact of this fundraising approach on traditional funding methods. By exploring the diverse landscape of crowdfunding, we can gain insights into its effectiveness as a tool for entrepreneurial ventures, social initiatives, and creative projects."
Please note that this is a general introduction paragraph and may need to be customized or expanded based on the specific requirements and scope of your crowdfunding assignment.
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Instructions: In no more than 2500 words, explore the dismissal process in an organization of your choice with the view of determining whether or not this process in fair. Research topic: Managing Dismissal: A Review of the Dismissal Process in Organizations Be sure to include the following ideas:
1 dismissal versus termination
2 grounds for dismissal and steps in the employee dismissal/termination process (general and in selected organisation)
3 legal and compensation issues surrounding dismissal of employee
Dismissal Process in an organization of choice and the determination of whether or not this process is fairThe dismissal process refers to the action of an employer ending a worker's employment. There are two forms of dismissal: fair and unfair dismissal.
Termination, on the other hand, refers to the act of terminating employment for reasons such as redundancy, misconduct, or the non-renewal of a fixed-term contract.Dismissal vs Termination Dismissal refers to the act of ending an employment contract by the employer.
Termination refers to the conclusion of a contract of employment by an employee or employer by agreement or by operation of law. Grounds for dismissal in an organization There are several legitimate reasons for firing employees, and they differ based on the nation, company, and type of employment involved. Dismissal may occur for one of the following reasons:
1. Violation of company policies such as tardiness, harassment, drug use, or theft2. Poor work performance, including being absent, missing deadlines, or violating work standards3. Downsizing due to economic reasons, reorganization, or restructuring4. Redundancy due to automation, outsourcing, or changes in demand5. Gross MisconductSteps in the employee dismissal/termination process (general and in selected organization)Generally, the dismissal process involves the following steps:
1. Warning2. Suspension3. Investigation4. Hearing5. Appeal In the selected organization, it starts with the investigation where the employer investigates the claim against the employee. If the employee is found guilty of the charges, he/she is given a letter of dismissal. Legal and Compensation Issues surrounding Dismissal of EmployeesIt is important to follow the correct procedure in order to avoid legal problems.
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Something different
Is it valid to apply game theory to the analysis of
organizational strategy in a perfectly competitive market? Why or
why not?
In such a market, it is not valid to apply game theory to the analysis of organizational strategy.
In a perfectly competitive market, all companies have access to the same information and have little to no ability to influence the market. In such a market, it is not valid to apply game theory to the analysis of organizational strategy. Why? The reason is that game theory models strategic interactions between decision-makers in situations where each player's payoffs depend on the choices of all players. In this case, each player has the ability to influence the market to some degree, and their payoffs are determined by the decisions made by other players. However, in a perfectly competitive market, companies have no ability to influence the market, and their payoffs are determined solely by the market price. As a result, game theory is not applicable in this situation.
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In such a market, it is not valid to apply game theory to the analysis of organizational strategy.
In a perfectly competitive market, all companies have access to the same information and have little to no ability to influence the market. In such a market, it is not valid to apply game theory to the analysis of organizational strategy. Why? The reason is that game theory models strategic interactions between decision-makers in situations where each player's payoffs depend on the choices of all players. In this case, each player has the ability to influence the market to some degree, and their payoffs are determined by the decisions made by other players. However, in a perfectly competitive market, companies have no ability to influence the market, and their payoffs are determined solely by the market price. As a result, game theory is not applicable in this situation.
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(a) OCBC Bank is offering an interest rate of 7% per annum for fixed deposit account holder. The minimum deposit amount is RM10,000. If you had deposited RM20,000 into the fixed deposit account today, how much would it be worth 10 years later. Compute total returns using compound interest method and draw the cashflow diagram.
Given that OCBC Bank is offering an interest rate of 7% per annum for fixed deposit account holders. The minimum deposit amount is RM10,000. If someone had deposited RM20,000 into the fixed deposit account today, how much would it be worth 10 years later.
We have to compute the total returns using the compound interest method and draw the cash flow diagram. Compound interest is the interest added to the principal amount of a loan or deposit. It is calculated by adding interest to the principal amount so that the interest that has been added also earns interest.
A deposit of RM20,000 is made in a fixed deposit account that pays 7% interest annually. The interest rate is compounded annually, and the deposit has a term of 10 years. We must calculate the worth of the fixed deposit account after ten years.
The interest rate is 7% per annum, which means that the interest rate for the year will be 7/100 = 0.07. The deposit of RM20,000 would earn an interest of 7% per annum for the entire 10 years, using compound interest.
Thus, FV = 20,000 x (1 + 0.07/1)^(1*10) = 20,000 x 1.96715 = RM 39,343 Compound interest formula can be used to calculate the total interest earned over ten years as follows: Total Interest (I) = FV - P = RM39,343 - RM20,000 = RM19,343.
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Cost of lodging while traveling to a new home. Mileage on a vehicle used to move household goods. Cost of meals purchased while traveling to a new home. Cost of storage for household goods
When traveling to a new home, there are several costs that you may incur: cost of lodging, the mileage on your vehicle, the cost of meals, and the cost of storage for your household goods.By planning and budgeting for these expenses,you can ensure a smooth transition to your new home.
Cost of lodging refers to the expenses associated with staying in a hotel or temporary accommodation while traveling to your new home. It includes the cost of the room, taxes, and any additional fees.Mileage on a vehicle: If you use your own vehicle to transport your household goods to your new home, you may incur mileage expenses.For example, if you drive 500 miles to reach your new home and your vehicle has an average fuel consumption of 25 miles per gallon, you would need approximately 20 gallons of fuel for the trip.
Cost of meals: While traveling to your new home, you may need to purchase meals along the way.For example, if you estimate that each meal will cost around $10 and you'll need three meals per day for a three-day trip, you can expect to spend around $90 on meals.Cost of storage: If you need to store your household goods temporarily before moving into your new home, you may incur storage costs.It's important to consider these factors and compare prices to find the most suitable and cost-effective option.
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