Rutherford’s model of an atom changed scientific knowledge through his assumptions that the atom was made up of a nucleus with positively charged particles.
What is an Experiment?This is defined as a procedure which is carried out by scientists in other to support or refute a hypothesis and also to ascertain its authenticity through various processes.
Rutherford bombarded a piece of gold foil with alpha particles which also has a positive charge and he discovered almost all the particles went through it.
This made him infer that the gold atoms were mostly empty space thereby leading him to propose his model of atom and made scientists discover that there was proton present in the nucleus of an atom which was used as a foundation by others in discovering more information and details about an atom.
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If the charges doubled to 2q and electric field is now measured at a distance of two r from the charge, the new measured value of the field will be:________
Using the formula E=(k)(q/r^2),
if q changes to 2q and r changes to 2r,
then, electric field will be:
E = (k) (2q/ 4r^2) = (k)(q/2r^2) = E/2
So, Electric field = E/2
What is Electric Field?An electric field is created when there is an electric charge present in a particular area of space, altering its properties. The physical field that surrounds electrically charged particles and exerts a force on all other charged particles in the field, either attracting or repelling them, is known as an electric field (sometimes referred to as an E-field). It also refers to the charged particle system's physical field. Electric charges and time-varying electric currents are the building blocks of electric fields. Two things can be drawn together or kept apart by an electric charge, which can be positive or negative. Positive-negative things will attract each other if their charges are opposite; positive-positive or negative-negative objects will repel each other if their charges are same.To learn more about Electric field, refer to:
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The reaction of 5.0 g of cuso4 with excess sodium hydroxide produced 2.6 g of cu(oh)2. what percent yield of cu(oh)2 was obtained?
percent yield of Cu (OH)2 is 85%
CuSO4 + 2 NaOH >>> Cu (OH)2 + Na2SO4
What is Cu Oh 2's theoretical yield?Cu (OH)2 theoretical yield = 0.09 mol NaOH x 1 mol Cu (OH)2 = 4.39 g Cu (OH)2 = 4 g Cu (OH)2 calculate percent yield Cu (OH)2 / 2 mol NaOH x 97.6 g Cu (OH)2/mol = 4.39 g Cu (OH)2 = 4 g Cu (OH)2.calculate the percentage yield
First, ensure that both weights are in the same units.Divide your experimental yield by your theoretical yield.To calculate the percent yield, multiply this value by 100.The actual yield is the amount of product produced from a given amount of reactant. The percent yield is calculated by dividing the actual yield by the theoretical yield and multiplying by 100%. Percent yield = actual yield / theoretical yield multiplied by 100%.Since 65.13% of the mass of Cu (OH)2 is due to copper the mass of copper in 400 grams of Cu (OH)2 can be calculated by the equation below.
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In+a+first+order+decomposition,+19.24%+of+a+compound+decomposes+in+81.9+minutes.+what+is+the+value+of+k+for+the+reaction+in+min-1? (value ± 2%)?
The value of k for the reaction in min is 66.5 min will take 82.3% of the compound to decompose.
What is first order reaction?A first-order reaction is a chemical process in which the rate of the reaction is linearly correlated with the concentration of just one ingredient. In other words, a first-order reaction is a chemical reaction in which only one of the reactants experiences variations in concentration, and this causes the rate of the reaction to vary.
The concentration of one of the reactants determines the first-order reaction rate. The product of the concentrations of two reactants or the square of the concentration of a reactant determines the second-order reaction rate.
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What coefficients are needed to balance the equation for the complete combustion of methane?.
The coefficients needed in the balanced equation for the combustion of methane, [tex]CH_{4}[/tex] + [tex]2O_{2}[/tex] = [tex]CO_{2}[/tex] + [tex]2H_{2} O[/tex], is 1 for methane and carbon dioxide and 2 for oxygen and water.
The coefficients are numerical numbers in front of element or formula in a balanced equation. It shows the number of elements that should react with the number of other elements to produce a particular amount of chemical products.
The combustion reaction of methane is as follows:
[tex]CH_{4}[/tex] + [tex]O_{2}[/tex] = [tex]CO_{2}[/tex] + [tex]H_{2} O[/tex]
To balance this combustion reaction, the number of atoms of each element in the reactant side must be equal to the number of atoms of each element in the product side.
1. Balance C.
[tex]CH_{4}[/tex] + [tex]O_{2}[/tex] = [tex]CO_{2}[/tex] + [tex]H_{2} O[/tex]
2. Balance H.
[tex]CH_{4}[/tex] + [tex]O_{2}[/tex] = [tex]CO_{2}[/tex] + [tex]2H_{2} O[/tex]
2. Balance O.
[tex]CH_{4}[/tex] + [tex]2O_{2}[/tex] = [tex]CO_{2}[/tex] + [tex]2H_{2} O[/tex]
Hence, the coefficients of the balanced equation are 1 for methane and carbon dioxide and 2 for oxygen and water.
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does anyone know what emerging technology means?
I also want an explanation on what it means
The apparatus in Image A above is used to separate a mixture of ethyl alcohol and water. The mixture is heated in the flask on the left and the ethyl alcohol drips into the flask on the right after condensing in the cooling tube in the middle. Which method was used to separate the mixture?
a. chromatography
b .filtration
c .sorting
d distillation
The method used to separate a mixture of ethyl alcohol and water is distillation. Thus option (d) is true.
What is distillation?Distillation is defined as a process involving the conversion of liquid into vapor that is subsequently condensed back into liquid form.
It is a widely used method for separating the mixture based on difference in conditions required to change the phase of components.
Some of the types of distillation are:
Simple distillation Steam distillation Fractional distillation Vacuum distillationZone distillation etc. and many more are the type of distillation.Thus, the method used to separate a mixture of ethyl alcohol and water is distillation. Thus option (d) is true.
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Your question is incomplete, but most probably your complete question was
The apparatus in Image A above is used to separate a mixture of ethyl alcohol and water. The mixture is heated in the flask on the left and the ethyl alcohol drips into the flask on the right after condensing in the cooling tube in the middle. Which method was used to separate the mixture?
a. chromatography
b .filtration
c .sorting
d distillation
A solution is prepared by dissolving 1.928 g of kno3 into enough water to make 651 ml. what is the molarity of the solution?
a) 0.159 m
b) 0.381 m
c) 0.0293 m
d) 2.48 m
e) 0.0832 m
0.0293 m is the molarity of the solution 1.928 g of kno3 into enough water to make 651 ml.
What is molarity ?Molar concentration, also known as molarity, quantity concentration, or substance concentration, is a unit used to describe the amount of a substance in a solution expressed as an amount of substance per unit volume of solution. The number of moles per liter, denoted by the unit sign mol/L or mol/dm3 in SI units, is the most often used unit denoting molarity in chemistry. One mol/L of a solution is referred to as one molar, or 1 M.
Because most solutions' volumes only slightly vary with temperature due to thermal expansion, the use of molar concentration in thermodynamics is frequently not practical. Most of the time, this issue may be rectified by adding temperature correction factors or by utilizing a temperature-independent metric.
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Given the following rate law by what factor does the rate of reaction change if the concentration of y is doubled. rate k[x]2[y]3
If the concentration of y is doubled then rate of reaction will increase by a factor of 4.
What is rate of reaction?The speed at which a chemical reaction moves forward is known as the reaction rate in chemistry. It is frequently described in terms of either the concentration of a reactant that is consumed in a unit of time or the concentration of a product that is generated in a unit of time (amount per unit volume).
The four key variables that determine reaction rate are reactant concentration, the physical state of the reactants, surface area, temperature, and the presence of a catalyst.
For instance, because it happens quickly, wood burning has a high reaction rate, whereas iron rusting has a low reaction rate because it happens gradually.
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Help plssss i have no clue
Please help this has to be done soon
56.983 +1.8234 + 125 +2.12 =
Solve in significant figures
order the following types of light from MOST to LEAST energetic: 10^6 Hz, 10^6 m, 10^-6 m , 10^22 Hz, 10^10 m.
The most energetic lights are those with higher frequency and lower wavelengths.
Among frequency (energy order) = 10^22 Hz >10^6 Hz Among wavelength (energy order) = 10^-6 m > 10^6 m > 10^10 mElectromagnetic radiation consists of waves of the electromagnetic area, which propagate via space and bring electromagnetic radiant power. It consists of radio waves, microwaves, infrared, light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. All of these waves shape a part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Electromagnetic strength is radiant energy that travels in waves at the rate of light. it can additionally be described as radiant electricity, electromagnetic radiation, electromagnetic waves, light, or the motion of radiation. Electromagnetic radiation can switch heat.
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Which of the following has the highest gravitational potential energy?
A truck at the top of a hill has the highest gravitational potential energy. So, the correct option is (a).
The energy that an item has or acquires when its location changes as a result of being in a gravitational field is known as gravitational potential energy. Gravitational potential energy can be defined as an energy that has a connection to gravitational force or gravity.
According to classical mechanics, the work per unit mass required to move an object from a set reference site to a given location is equal to the gravitational potential at that location. With mass assuming the function of charge, it is comparable to the electric potential.
Therefore, a truck at the top of a hill has the highest gravitational potential energy.
The complete question is: Which of the following has the highest gravitational potential energy?
a) a truck at the top of a hill
b) a bike speeding down a hill
c) a dog at the top of a hill
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A student set up the experiment shown below to determine if radish seeds take in oxygen as they germinate. Methylene blue is a chemical that is blue when oxygen is present but is colorless when oxygen is not present. Containers A and B each contained 200 mL of water and 10 drops of methylene blue. Ten radish seeds were added to container A. Container B had no radish seeds.
Ten radish seeds were added to container A. Container B had no radish seeds. The purpose of the container B in this experiment is to serve as a control container.
What is the purpose of the control in the experiment?By using controls, the experimenter can reduce the impact of factors other than the one being researched. This allows us to verify that an experiment is testing what it says it is testing. Controls are important for all sorts of experimental testing, regardless of the subject, and this goes beyond science.
What are the purpose of Methylene blue's function as a markerMethylene blue is usually employed as a redox indicator in analytical chemistry. The solutions of this chemical are blue when in an oxidizing environment, but turn colorless when exposed to a reducing agent.
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A highly reactive gas is used for refining petroleum
Answer:
Hydrogen
Explanation:
write the following measurement in scientific notation. The convert each measurement into SI base units. a. 0.0000000000372 b.45,000,000,000
Answer: a) 3.72 x [tex]10^{-11}[/tex]
b) 4.5 x [tex]10^{10}[/tex]
Explanation:
a. 0.0000000000372
= 3.72 x [tex]10^{-11}[/tex]
b. 45,000,000,000
= 4.5 x [tex]10^{10}[/tex]
What percentage of a radioactive sample remains after four half-lives have passed?
percentage of a radioactive sample that remains after four half-lives have passed is 6.25 %
As radioactive substances are first-order reactions and first-order reactions have a constant half-life and are represented by t1/2. t1/2 = 0.693 / λ
half-life is the time period for the sample to become half of its original concentration.
so for 1 st half-life, the substance will become 100 / 2 =50%
for 2 nd half-life, the substance will become 50 / 2 = 25%
for 3 rd half-life, the substance will become 25 / 2 = 12.5%
for 4 th half-life, the substance will become 12.5 / 2 = 6.25%
percentage of a radioactive sample that remains after four half-lives have passed is 6.25 %
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You have a solid object of unknown composition and mass. You determined that when this object absorbed 1.000 x 10^2 j, its temperature increased by 2.0k. Calculate the object's heat capacity.
Given,
Solid object with an unknown mass
Heat absorbed = 1 x 10² J
Temperature change = 2 K
Before calculating the object's heat capacity let us know what is heat capacity-
Heat capacity is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of an object by a unit.Heat capacity is the ratio of heat absorbed by an object to the temperature change.q= CΔT
∴ C = q/ΔT
Here,
C= Heat capacity
q= Heat absorbed
ΔT =Temperature change
C = 1x10² / 2
C = 100/2
C = 50 J/K
Hence, heat absorbed is 50 joule/ kelvin.
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Heat Capacity is 50 J/K.
Given, a solid item of undetermined mass
Absorbed heat equals 1 x 10² J
Change in temperature = 2 K
Let's first define heat capacity so that we can calculate the heat capacity of the object:
• Heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to raise an object's temperature by a unit.
•A physical characteristic of matter is its capacity for heat or thermal energy.
• The proportion of absorbed heat to temperature change is known as the heat capacity.
q= CΔT
∴ C = q/ΔT
Here,
Heat capacity = C
q = Heat taken in
Change in temperature= T
C = 1x10² / 2
C = 100/2
C = 50 J/K
Hence, Heat Capacity is 50 joule / kelvin.
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Students are conducting an experiment to see what colors different salts turn when they are burned. Jack dares Rebecca to
taste the other salts to see if they taste like regular table salt.
Students are conducting an experiment to see what colors different salts turn when they are burned. Jack dares Rebecca to taste the other salts to see if they taste like regular table salt. She agrees and her mouth starts burning. Rebecca needs to learn how to behave in the class.
When you add salt to a fire, the flame's color will alter. This isn't because the salt is burning; rather, it happens because the flame's heat affects the energy of the salt's electrons, which causes photons of light to be released. When salt is "burned," a golden flame is frequently visible.
High blood pressure is known to increase the risk of stroke and other health issues, and it is also known to increase the chance of burning in salt. High salt consumption has also been linked in several studies to deteriorating brain function. So, if this occurs, plan for brain surgery and a dedicated teacher to assist the student with wiping and peeling bananas.
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How+much+copper+is+contained+in+a+penny+that+is+2.50%+(by+weight)+of+copper?+recall+that+a+penny+has+a+density+of+7.20+g/cm3,+a+diameter+of+19.05+mm+and+a+thickness+of+1.52+mm.
There is 0.078 grams of copper in a penny.
d = 7.20 g/cm³; density of a penny
diameter of a penny = 19.05 mm
thickness of a penny = 1.52 mm
area of a penny = π/ × (d/2)²
area of a penny = 3.14 × (19.05 mm/2)²
area of a penny = 285 mm²
Volume of a penny is the measure of the amount of space occupied by a penny.
volume of a penny = 285 mm² × 1.52 mm
volume of a penny = 433.2 mm³ = 0.4332 cm³
mass of a penny = 0.4331 cm³ × 7.20 g/cm³
mass of a penny = 3.12 g
mass of a copper = 2.50 % × 3.12 g ÷ 100%
mass of a copper = 0.078 g
number of a copper atoms = 0.078 g ÷ 63.54 g/mol × 6.022×10²³
number of a copper atoms = 7.39×10²⁰
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Given the balanced equation:
2 Al + 6 NaOH --------> 2 Na3AlO3 + 3 H2
What mass, in grams, of Na3AlO3 is produced when 6 x 10^23 molecules of NaOH is consumed?
explain
a) 240 b) 80 c) 64 d) 9.6 e) 48
47.78 grams of Na₃ AlO₃ is produced when 6 × 10²³ molecules of NaOH are consumed.
An equation for a chemical reaction is said to be balanced if both the reactants and the products have the same number of atoms and the total charge for each component of the reaction.
The balanced equation:
2 Al + 6 NaOH --------> 2 Na₃ AlO₃ + 3 H₂
We have 6 × 10²³ molecules of NaOH.
So, the mass of Na₃ AlO₃ will be:
= 6 × 10²³ molecules NaOH × ( 1 mol NaOH / 6.023 × 10²³ molecules NaOH ) × ( 2 mol Na₃ AlO₃ / 6 mol NaOH) × ( 143.9 g Na₃AlO₃ / 1 mol Na₃ AlO₃ )
= 47.78 g Na₃ AlO₃
The mass of Na₃ AlO₃ produced when 6 × 10²³ molecules of NaOH are consumed is 47.78 grams.
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Which of the following is a quantitative observation?
the smell changed during the chemical reaction
the sound was louder and higher pitch as the siren moved closer
the colors of the lights changed with temperature
The temperature changed from 25°C to 10°C when exposed to ice
Answer:
The temperature changed from 25°C to 10°C when exposed to ice.
Explanation:
If 10m3of nitrogen at 30oc and 125 kpa are expanded isothermally to 25m3, what is theresulting pressure?
The resulting pressure of nitrogen is 50 kPa.
Use Boyle's Law (the pressure volume law).
According to this law - volume of a given amount of gas held varies inversely with the applied pressure when the temperature and mass are constant.
p₁V₁ = p₂V₂
V₁ = 10 m³; initial volume of nitrogen gas
p₁ = 125 kPa; initial pressure of nitrogen gas
V₂ = 25 m³; final volume of nitrogen gas
p₂ = ?; final pressure of nitrogen gas
125 kPa × 10 m³ = p₂ × 25 m³
p₂ = (125 kPa × 10 m³) ÷ 25 m³
p₂ = 50 kPa
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The ph of a 1.79 m solution of hydrocyanic acid (hcn) is 4.477. what is the percent dissociation of hydrocyanic acid under these conditions?
Now, write an equilibrium expression, Ka = [H +][CN -]/[HCN]. Ka = 4.9E-10 = x 2/(0.0620-x). Since the power of the Ka is -10, we can safely assume that the x is small enough to ignore compared to the 0.0620, so it becomes 4.9E-10=x 2/0.0620.
What is equilibrium?Aqueous solutions are ones in which water serves as the solvent. It is commonly represented in chemical equations by adding (aq) to the relevant chemical formula. For instance, Na+(aq) + Cl could be used to represent a solution of table salt (also known as sodium chloride, or NaCl) in water (aq).
The Latin word aqua is the source of the phrase aquatic, which means to be or to consist of water. Water is a common solvent in chemistry since it functions well as a solvent and is also easily accessible. Since water is usually used as the solvent in experiments, unless otherwise mentioned, the word "solution" frequently refers to an aqueous solution.
A solution where the solvent is a liquid is referred to as a "non-aqueous solution."
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A liquid with a density of 0.890 g/ml has a volume of 18.2 ml. its mass in grams is:______.
a. 20.4
b. 16.2
c. 6.31
d. 0.0489
e. 0.0621
A liquid with a density of 0.890 g/ml has a volume of 18.2 ml. its mass in grams is:0.0489.
What is meant by density?The mass of a substance per unit of volume is the definition of density. Although the sign can also represent the Latin letter D, it is most frequently used to represent density. Density is defined as the quantity of things—which may include people, animals, plants, or objects—in a given space, according to the formula mass divided by volume.Divide the number of objects by the area's dimensions to determine density. The population density of a country can be calculated by dividing its overall population by its area, expressed in square kilometers or miles.Gram Formula Mass = mass of the solute/formula mass of the solute. It is always expressed in the unit grams/mole (g/mol).
mass in grams= 0.890 g/ml/18.2 ml
=0.0489
Hence, Option d exists correct.
A liquid with a density of 0.890 g/ml has a volume of 18.2 ml. its mass in grams is:0.0489.
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What is the molarity of nacl when 3.46g of nacl is dissolved in water to form 50.0ml of solution?
A chemical species' concentration in a solution, specifically the amount of a solute per unit volume of solution, is measured by its molar concentration.
What is meant by molarity?The amount of a solute per unit volume of a solution, or the concentration of a chemical species in a solution, is expressed as a solute's molar concentration. The most used unit for expressing molarity in chemistry is the number of moles per litre, represented by the unit sign mol/L or mol/dm3 in SI units.
The molarity of a substance refers to how much of it is present in a given volume of solution (M). Molarity is the measure of how many moles of a solute are present per litre of a solution. Molarity is also referred to as a solution's molar concentration. Molarity is the measure of a solute's concentration in moles per litre in a solution (). Molality is the ratio of moles of solute to kilograms of solvent ().
with units of [tex]$\mathrm{mol} \cdot \mathrm{L}^{-1}$[/tex]..
For molarity we take the quotient moles of solute/ volume of solution
And so.... [tex]$\frac{\frac{3.46 \cdot g}{58.44 \cdot \mathrm{g} \cdot \mathrm{mol}^{-1}}}{50.0 \cdot m L \times 10^{-3} \cdot L \cdot m L^{-1}}= \cdot \mathrm{mol} \cdot L^{-1} \ldots$[/tex]
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How many grams of phosphorus are present in 3.51 moles of phosphorus trichloride?
108.81 grams of phosphorus are present in 3.51 moles of phosphorus trichloride PCl3. The molecular formula of Phosphorus trichloride is PCl3.
How many moles of phosphorus trichloride in 1 gram The answer is 0.0072815837438818. Suppose you are converting between moles and grams of phosphorus trichloride. You can view details for each unit of measure. Molecular weight or grams of phosphorus trichloride The molecular formula of phosphorus trichloride is PCl3.
The SI base unit of substance quantity is the mole.
1 mole equals 1 mole of phosphorus trichloride or 137.332761 grams.
1 mol PCl₃=6.022×10²³molecules
3.51mol PCl₃ =3.51×6.022×10²³
=2.11x10²⁴
Number of atoms present in 1 molecule of PCl₃ =4
108.81 grams of phosphorus are present in 3.51 moles of phosphorus trichloride PCl3. The molecular formula of Phosphorus trichloride is PCl3.
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How many sp3-hybridized carbon atoms are present in the structure of cyclopentadiene?
One sp3-hybridized carbon atom is present in the structure of cyclopentadiene.
Cyclopentadiene is an organic compound (diene) with the formula C₅H₆ (see the picture below).
In cyclopentadiene there is four carbon atoms with sp2 hybridized carbon and one carbon atom with sp3-hybridized carbon.
When carbon atom is sp2 hybridized, it has three sp2 orbitals and one p orbital. Carbon has four bonds in total (two single and one double bond)
In sp3 hybridization hybridize one s-orbital and three p-orbitals of carbon atom. Carbon atom with sp3 hybridization has four single bonds. In the picture below, that is an an atom on the top.
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What is the frequency of the light emmitted by the atomic hydrogen according to balmers?
The frequency released in transition energy is 4.57 x 10¹⁴ Hz.
We need to know about transition energy to solve this problem. Electrons in a hydrogen atom can move to another level of energy. It is also called a transition. In this process, electrons will absorb or release their energy to move. The transition energy can be determined as
ΔE = E2 - E1
where ΔE is transition energy, E2 is the final state of energy and E1 is the initial state of energy.
The state energy of a hydrogen atom can be calculated by
E = -(13.6) / n² eV
E = h.f
where n is the number of energy states, h is Planck constant (4.136 x 10¯¹⁵ eV/Hz), f is frequency.
From the question above, we know that
n1 = 3
n2 = 2
By substituting the following parameter, we get
ΔE = E2 - E1
ΔE = -(13.6) / n2² - (-(13.6) / n1²)
ΔE = -(13.6) / 3² - (-(13.6) / 2²)
ΔE = 3.4 - 1.51
ΔE = 1.89 eV
Calculate the frequency released
ΔE = 1.89 eV
h.f = 1.89
4.136 x 10¯¹⁵ . f = 1.89
f = 4.57 x 10¹⁴ Hz
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A+common+iv+solution+is+0.9%+saline+(nacl+solution).+what+is+the+osmolarity+of+0.9%+saline+mosmoles/l?+the+molecular+weight+of+nacl+is+58.44+g/mole.+pay+attention+to+the+units+that+are+asked+for+here!
An osmolarity of saline solution is 308 mosmol/L.
m(NaCl) = 9 g; the mass of sodium chloride
V(solution) = 1 L; the volume of the saline solution
n(NaCl) = 9 g ÷ 58.44 g/mol
n(NaCl) = 0.155 mol; the amount of sodium chloride
number of ions = 2
Osmotic concentration (osmolarity) is a measure of how many osmoles of particles of solute it contains per liter.
The osmolarity = n(NaCl) ÷ V(solution) × 2
The osmolarity = 0.154 mol ÷ 1 L × 2
The osmolarity = 0.154 mol/L × 1000 mmol/m × 2
The osmolarity of the saline solution = 308 mosm/L.
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