In striving for popularity, television producers often adopted the strategy of least objectionable programming, whereby programs are intended to avoid controversy and remain politically bland.
A collection of people who have similar thoughts and ideals together form an ideology. In media studies, we primarily concentrate on cultural beliefs, such as how gender, race, and social class are represented. Some detractors contend that the stories and messages presented by the mass media are only a mirror of society.
Despite the fact that sometimes we may not be aware of it, media texts usually represent particular beliefs or ideologies. An illustration would be that using force to resolve conflicts is viewed as a good principle and represents a certain ideology in some literature, such as action movies like Die Hard or the Lethal Weapon series.
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A(n) ____ swap allows the party making fixed-rate payments to terminate the swap prior to maturity.
a. forward
b. extendable
c. callable
d. putable
The correct option is the answer is c. callable.A callable swap allows the party making fixed-rate payments to terminate the swap prior to maturity.
Explanation:Callable swaps are interest rate swap agreements with an embedded option. Callable swaps are a blend of an interest rate swap and an embedded option that provides the buyer with the option to end the swap early. The buyer may pay an extra premium for the option, but if market interest rates fall, they can end the swap and refinance at a lower rate.
Callable swaps are a riskier product than traditional swaps. Callable swaps provide the buyer with the option to end the swap before maturity at their own discretion, giving them an interest rate advantage over the counter party. However, this may come at a cost, as the buyer may have to pay a higher premium for the option. Callable swaps are a great method to control interest rate risk, especially for a borrower who is concerned that rates will fall over time.
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What is Agro Food?
Give 5 examples of Agro Food.
Agro-food refers to agricultural products that have been transformed into edible products using traditional or modern industrial methods.
They are normally marketed in grocery stores, restaurants, and cafes for direct consumption.
Agro-food is a crucial part of the world's food economy.
Five examples of agro-food are listed below:
Cereals and grains:
Cereals are a staple food in many countries.
Oatmeal, wheat, and cornflakes are just a few examples.
These crops are usually harvested, dried, processed, and packaged before being distributed.
Dairy products:
Dairy products such as milk, cheese, and yogurt are common agro-food products.
They are produced by milking domesticated mammals such as cows, goats, and sheep, and then pasteurized, processed, and distributed.
Meat and poultry:
Meat and poultry, such as chicken, beef, and pork, are examples of agro-food.
They are produced on a commercial scale and processed using modern methods before being sold to consumers.
Fruits and vegetables:
Fruits and vegetables are harvested, washed, sorted, and packaged before being sold to consumers.
These products are frequently sold fresh or canned and used in a variety of dishes.
Beverages:
Beverages such as coffee, tea, and soft drinks are included in the category of agro-food.
They are produced using raw materials such as coffee beans, tea leaves, or fruit extracts and then processed using industrial techniques.
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After explaining the concept of Balance of Payments and its components briefly, draw the graph of major components (balances)of Canada and Turkey respectively since 2000 (be careful with the signs and remember that they sum to zero due to the Balance or Payment identity).
Describe them briefly, emphasising their levels, sign, evolutions, volatility, and possible reversals. (What happened to the Net Investment Position of these two countries over the past 5 years? How is this linked to the current account in these particular countries?)
Please remember give me reference because I want to check it
Balance of Payments (BOP) is a statement that summarizes an economy's transactions with the rest of the world for a particular period.
The BOP is divided into three sub-accounts: current account, capital account, and financial account. The current account represents a country's net trade in goods and services, while the capital account represents the transfer of capital between countries.
The financial account represents a country's net acquisition of assets from the rest of the world and is equal to the change in the country's net foreign assets. The capital account and financial account balance out the current account since the three must sum to zero.
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Scatter Diagrams and High-Low Cost Estimation From April 1 through October 31, Will County Highway Department hires temporary employees to mow and clean the right-of-way along county roads. The County Road Commissioner has asked you to help her in determining the variable labor cost of mowing and cleaning a mile of road. The following information is available regarding current-year operations:
Month Miles Mowed Labor
and Cleaned Costs
April ...................................................... 350 $8,000
May ...................................................... 300 7,500
June ...................................................... 400 9,000
July....................................................... 250 5,500
August .................................................... 375 8,500
September ................................................. 200 5,000
October ................................................... 100 4,800
Required
a. Use the information from the high- and low-volume months to develop a cost-estimating
equation for monthly labor costs.
b. Plot the data on a scatter diagram. Using the information from representative high- and low-
volume months, use the high-low method to develop a cost-estimating equation for monthly
labor costs.
c. What factors might have caused the difference in the equations developed for requirements (a)
and (b)?
d. Adjust the equation developed in requirement (b) to incorporate the effect of an anticipated 7
percent increase in wages
New variable cost per mile = $20 * (1 + 0.07) = $21.40
a. To develop a cost-estimating equation for monthly labor costs, we can use the high- and low-volume months, which are September (low) and June (high) in this case.
1. Calculate the variable cost per mile:
Variable cost per mile = (Labor cost in June - Labor cost in September) / (Miles mowed in June - Miles mowed in September)
= (9,000 - 5,000) / (400 - 200)
= 4,000 / 200
= $20
2. Calculate the fixed cost:
Fixed cost = Labor cost in June - (Variable cost per mile * Miles mowed in June)
= 9,000 - (20 * 400)
= 9,000 - 8,000
= $1,000
The cost-estimating equation for monthly labor costs is:
Labor cost = Fixed cost + (Variable cost per mile * Miles mowed)
b. To use the high-low method, we'll consider June (high) and September (low) as the representative high- and low-volume months.
1. Calculate the variable cost per mile:
Variable cost per mile = (Labor cost in June - Labor cost in September) / (Miles mowed in June - Miles mowed in September)
= (9,000 - 5,000) / (400 - 200)
= 4,000 / 200
= $20
2. Calculate the fixed cost:
Fixed cost = Labor cost in June - (Variable cost per mile * Miles mowed in June)
= 9,000 - (20 * 400)
= 9,000 - 8,000
= $1,000
The cost-estimating equation for monthly labor costs is the same as in part (a):
Labor cost = Fixed cost + (Variable cost per mile * Miles mowed)
c. The difference in the equations developed in parts (a) and (b) may be due to variations in other factors that affect labor costs. These factors could include changes in the wage rates, different crew sizes or efficiency levels, equipment availability, or changes in the scope of work performed. The high-low method only considers the high and low data points, ignoring the potential influence of other factors. In part (a), a more comprehensive analysis is conducted by considering the entire data set.
d. To adjust the equation developed in requirement (b) to incorporate the effect of a 7 percent increase in wages, we need to modify the variable cost per mile. Assuming the wages are the only factor affecting labor costs, the new variable cost per mile would be:
New variable cost per mile = Old variable cost per mile * (1 + Wage increase percentage)
= $20 *
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Which of the following is the best statement about the environment in which operations management functions?a. most organizations do not need to worry about competitionb. world-wide competition is not significant for most companiesc. government regulation is not important for companiesd. customers are more demandinge. none of the above is true
None of the above statements (a-e) can be considered true in the context of the environment in which operations management functions. Hence option E is correct.
In today's globalized and interconnected business landscape, organizations across various industries face intense competition from both domestic and international players. The rise of technology and digitalization has facilitated global trade, making world-wide competition highly significant for most companies, regardless of their size or industry.
Moreover, government regulation plays a crucial role in shaping the operating environment for businesses. Regulations vary across jurisdictions and can impact areas such as labor practices, environmental sustainability, safety standards, and product quality. Companies must comply with these regulations to avoid legal consequences and maintain ethical and sustainable practices.
Furthermore, customers in today's market have become increasingly demanding. With greater access to information, they have higher expectations for product quality, customization, responsiveness, and overall customer experience. Meeting customer demands and providing exceptional service has become a critical aspect of operations management.
Therefore, it is evident that none of the statements a-e accurately reflect the reality of the environment in which operations management functions. Businesses must consider competition, global dynamics, government regulations, and evolving customer expectations to effectively manage their operations and achieve success in the modern business landscape.
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The purpose of a post-closing trial balance is: Select one: To prepare financial statements at the end of an accounting period To list all permanent accounts and their balances after all closing entries are posted To list all temporary accounts and their balances after all closing entries are posted To record all year-end balances of accounts at the end of an accounting period
The purpose of a post-closing trial balance is to list all permanent accounts and their balances after all closing entries are posted.
The post-closing trial balance is prepared at the end of an accounting period, following the closing entries. It includes all balance sheet accounts, such as assets, liabilities, and equity accounts, which are considered permanent because their balances carry forward to the next accounting period. Temporary accounts, such as revenue and expense accounts, are closed out and their balances are transferred to the retained earnings or owner's equity account. Therefore, the post-closing trial balance only includes permanent accounts to ensure that the accounting records are in balance and ready for the next period.
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Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between total variable cost (TVC) and marginal cost (MC)? A. The marginal cost curve is equal to the slope of the total variable cost curve. B. Since the total variable cost curve is always upward sloping, the marginal cost curve must always be upward sloping. C. Marginal cost is given by the equation: MC=△TVC×△q. D. The total variable cost and marginal cost curves are unrelated
Marginal cost (MC) and total variable cost (TVC) are directly related. Option A: The marginal cost curve is equal to the slope of the total variable cost curve is true regarding the relationship between total variable cost (TVC) and marginal cost (MC).
More than 100 words explanation: The marginal cost of a product is the cost of producing one more unit of the product. The cost of producing an additional unit is compared to the cost of producing the prior unit to calculate the marginal cost. The total cost of producing a specific amount of a product is known as the total variable cost. As the number of units produced rises, the total variable cost curve increases.
The MC curve is similar to the TVC curve in this regard. Both MC and TVC are determined by the firm's output levels. Marginal cost and variable cost both rise as output increases, according to the laws of supply and demand. The total cost curve is derived by adding fixed and variable costs.
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24. A client phones you in a bit of a panic and says that they need to buy USD against SEK for value todayl You look at your screen and see the following: Spot USD/SEK 6.2928/38, O/N swap points(1.5/0.5) T/N swap points 2.0/1.5, 1-week swap points 10.5/8.5 At what rate will you sell USD against SEK to your client? b. 6.2930
c. 6.29255
6.2936
WrD/sek today
The rate at which the USD is sold against SEK to the client is 6.2936.
The rate at which the USD is sold against SEK to the client is 6.2936. What is a Spot Rate? A spot rate is the existing exchange rate at which a currency pair can be traded. In other words, the spot rate refers to the current market rate of a currency pair that can be delivered immediately. What are Swap Points? Swap points are the difference between the forward rate and the spot rate of a currency pair. Swap points are the charges incurred when a forex trader extends the position of a currency pair at the end of the trading day.
How to calculate the rate to sell USD against SEK? The rate for USD against SEK for value today can be calculated as Bid Price = Spot rate + Swap points (1.5/0.5)The bid price is the rate at which a forex market maker is willing to buy the base currency, which in this case is the US dollar, against the quote currency, which is the Swedish krona. The asking price is the rate at which a forex market maker is willing to sell the base currency against the quote currency. Here, we have swap points for overnight (O/N) and tomorrow next (T/N) and for a week, given as follows: O/N swap points(1.5/0.5)T/N swap points 2.0/1.51-week swap points 10.5/8.5To determine the bid price, the swap points for value today should be added to the spot rate. Thus, the bid price would be:
6.2928 + 0.0008 (i.e., 1/2 * (1.5/10000 + 0.5/10000))
= 6.2936. Therefore, the rate at which the USD is sold against SEK to the client is 6.2936.Option C: 6.29255 is not the correct answer since it has not added swap points for the same day and has given only the spot rate.
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a quota is group of answer choices a tariff imposed on goods that are dumped in the country. a tariff imposed on goods that are subsidized by their domestic governments and exported to other countries. a law that prevents ecologically damaging goods to be imported into a country. a government-imposed restriction on the quantity of imports.
A quota is a government-imposed restriction on the quantity of imports.
What is a quota?A quota refers to an import restriction by the government of a place that specifies that only a certain quantity of goods would be allowed into the country. A quota ensures that excessive amounts of goods are not allowed into the country to cause some sort of oversaturation in the market.
So, the best definition of a quota is that is a government-imposed restriction on the quantity of goods allowed into the territories of the country.
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the theory that audiences seek messages in the media that reinforce their existing attitudes and beliefs, and thus are not influenced by challenging or contradictory information
The theory that audiences seek messages in the media that reinforce their existing attitudes and beliefs, and thus are not influenced by challenging or contradictory information, is known as "selective exposure theory" or "selective exposure hypothesis."
According to this theory, individuals tend to actively select and consume media content that aligns with their preexisting opinions and beliefs. They seek out information that confirms their existing attitudes and avoid or ignore content that contradicts or challenges their viewpoints. This selective exposure to media messages serves to maintain and reinforce their existing beliefs, attitudes, and values.
Selective exposure can occur through various mechanisms, such as choosing specific television channels, websites, newspapers, or social media platforms that cater to one's preferences or ideological leanings. It can also involve engaging in discussions or seeking out interactions with like-minded individuals who reinforce their existing beliefs.
This phenomenon of selective exposure has implications for the formation and reinforcement of individuals' attitudes and the potential for polarization within society. It suggests that individuals may be less receptive to information that challenges their viewpoints, leading to echo chambers or filter bubbles, where people are primarily exposed to content that confirms their existing beliefs.
It is important to note that while selective exposure theory highlights this tendency, individuals can also be influenced by media messages that contradict their beliefs under certain circumstances, such as when the message is presented in a persuasive or relatable manner or when there is a motivation to seek out diverse perspectives.
Understanding selective exposure theory can provide insights into how media consumption and exposure to information can influence individuals' attitudes, beliefs, and their openness to considering different viewpoints. It also underscores the importance of media literacy, critical thinking, and exposure to diverse perspectives for fostering a more informed and balanced society.
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What is earnings management? (6pts)
Provide at least two examples of earnings management. Is earnings management always ‘bad’? Explain.
Earnings management is the process of utilizing accounting techniques to improve a company's financial statements by manipulating earnings.
Earnings management might entail tweaking revenue figures, reducing expenses, or both. By doing so, a firm can make its financial performance appear better or worse than it truly is, either to satisfy internal stakeholders (such as company executives) or to impress external stakeholders (such as investors or analysts).
Below are two examples of earnings management:1. Manipulation of Accruals:Accrual accounting is a technique used to record revenue and expenses as they happen, rather than when cash changes hands. Companies that use accrual accounting must use estimates and assumptions to record some transactions that have not yet been completed.
Earnings management can occur if a business intentionally manipulates its accruals by overestimating future revenues or underestimating future costs to improve current earnings.
2. Timing of Expenses:Companies might also use timing tactics to improve their financial statements. One example is to put off spending until the next accounting period, or to shift certain expenditures to different accounts to make them appear less significant.Earnings management may not always be bad.
There are circumstances where it is acceptable. It may be a result of errors in estimates that the company believes will be corrected in the future, or it may be a result of necessary actions taken by the company to restore its profitability. In certain instances, earnings management may also be legal and ethical, and it is frequently used to ensure that the firm complies with regulatory requirements and laws. Earnings management becomes illegal when it involves fraudulent accounting methods, such as recording non-existent transactions or concealing debt or expenses, in order to misrepresent the financial position of the business.
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Distinguish between the following three (3) corporate governance issues:
1. Leadership (8)
2. Sustainability (8)
3. Corporate citizenship (8)
1.2 Analyse risk evaluation as a process within risk management. (12)
Corporate governance is a system of rules, practices, and processes by which a company is directed and controlled. This system helps to balance the interests of different stakeholders in a company. The board of directors is responsible for corporate governance, and it is tasked.
Leadership : Leadership refers to the people who are responsible for making decisions within a company. It is the process of influencing others to achieve a common goal. Leadership plays a vital role in corporate governance, as it sets the tone for the company's culture and values. It is the responsibility of the board of directors to ensure that the company has strong leadership that is capable of guiding the company towards success.
Sustainability : Sustainability is the concept of meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. This involves managing the company's resources in a way that is environmentally, socially, and economically sustainable. Companies that are committed to sustainability are more likely to be successful in the long term.
Corporate Citizenship : Corporate Citizenship refers to the social responsibility of a company. This involves acting in the best interests of society as a whole, and not just in the interests of shareholders. Corporate citizenship can take many forms, such as charitable giving, community involvement, and environmental stewardship. Companies that are good corporate citizens are more likely to be trusted by their customers and other stakeholders
Overall, risk evaluation is a critical process within risk management, as it helps a company to identify and prioritize the risks that it may face. This, in turn, enables the company to allocate its resources effectively and manage its risks more efficiently.
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One of the fundamental rights of common stock holders is to elect a firm's who will in tarn select the operating management.
it is important to note that while common stockholders have the right to elect the board of directors, their influence may be proportional to their ownership stake in the company. Larger shareholders may have more voting power, and in some cases, certain classes of shares may have different voting rights.
One of the fundamental rights of common stockholders is the ability to elect a firm's board of directors, who in turn select the operating management of the company. This right is typically exercised through voting during annual general meetings or special meetings called for specific purposes.
The election of the board of directors is crucial because the board acts as a representative body for the shareholders and is responsible for making important strategic decisions on behalf of the company. These decisions can include the appointment, evaluation, and compensation of top executives, setting the overall direction and goals of the company, and overseeing the performance and accountability of management.
By having the power to elect the board of directors, common stockholders have a say in shaping the leadership and governance of the company. They can choose individuals they believe will act in the best interests of the shareholders and ensure effective management of the business. This right helps maintain checks and balances within the company and enhances the accountability of the management team.
However, it is important to note that while common stockholders have the right to elect the board of directors, their influence may be proportional to their ownership stake in the company. Larger shareholders may have more voting power, and in some cases, certain classes of shares may have different voting rights.
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A bank holds deposits worth $13 million. It has $5 million in reserves, and the reserve requirement is 5%. The bank has also given out loans worth $21 millions. These are all the items on the bank's balance sheet at the moment.
This means that the bank capital is $___.
Give your answer with no $ sign and no decimals.
In order to find the bank's capital we must first calculate the required reserves which are the reserves that the bank is legally obligated to keep with the central bank, using the information provided. Here are the calculations Required reserves = Reserve requirement × Deposits= 0.05 × $13 million= $650,000The actual reserves are given as $5 million, which is more than the required reserves.
The excess reserves held by the bank is the difference between the actual reserves and the required reserves. Therefore, the excess reserves are: Excess reserves = Actual reserves - Required reserves= $5 million - $650,000= $4.35 millionThe total liabilities of the bank are the deposits plus the loans given out.
which is Total liabilities = Deposits + Loans= $13 million + $21 million= $34 millionThe bank's capital is calculated as the difference between its total assets and its total liabilities. Therefore: Capital = Total assets - Total liabilities= Excess reserves + Loans= $4.35 million + $21 million= $25350000The bank's capital is $25350000. Answer: 25350000
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Reasons for Resisting Change? explain the following in detail
from the following suggestions:
-Threat to one’s self-interest
-Uncertainty
-Distrust of leadership
-Threat to existing cultural values
Change is inevitable, but not everyone is always on board with it. Resistance to change is a natural response to new ideas or methods. There are many reasons why people resist change.
Threat to one’s self-interest:
When a change is proposed, it can sometimes be seen as a threat to the individual's self-interest.
Uncertainty:
Uncertainty can also be a significant factor in resistance to change. When people don't know what the outcome of a change will be, they may resist it.
Distrust of leadership:
If people don't trust the leadership that is proposing the change, they may resist it.This can lead to a sense of resistance to the change.
Threat to existing cultural values:
Sometimes, a proposed change can be seen as a threat to existing cultural values. They may feel that the change is not in line with their cultural values and resist it as a result.
In conclusion, there are many reasons why people resist change. To overcome resistance, it is important to understand these reasons and address them accordingly.
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An economic consultant recently provided the forms marketing manager with estimate of the demand function for the firms product:
Qd = 12000 -3P -M
Where Qd represents the quality demanded of good X, P is the price of the good X and M is the income. Suppose good X sells for $200 per unit and consumer income is $10,000. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about this situation (choose the best)?
a) good X is an interim good
b) the quality demanded is 1400 units
c) good X is a normal good
d) the quality demanded is 21400 units
e) both a and b
f) both c and d
The quality demanded is 1400 units, not 21400. Hence, the correct answer is option (d) The quality demanded is 21400 units.
The given equation for the demand function of the firm's product is:
Qd = 12000 - 3P - M.
Putting the given values, we get:
Qd = 12000 - 3(200) - 10000
=> Qd = 12000 - 600 - 10000
=> Qd = 1400
Hence, the quality demanded of good X is 1400 units. Now, let us check the options to see which one is incorrect.
a) Good X is an interim good: There is no information provided to determine whether good X is an interim good or not, so we cannot say if this statement is correct or incorrect. Therefore, this option cannot be the answer.
b) The quality demanded is 1400 units: This is true, as we calculated the same thing above. Therefore, this statement is not incorrect.
c) Good X is a normal good: Since the income and the quantity demanded are positively related, we can say that good X is a normal good. Hence, this statement is correct and thus cannot be the answer.
d) The quality demanded is 21400 units: This is incorrect, as we already calculated the quality demanded to be 1400 units. Therefore, this statement is incorrect and is the answer.
e) Both a and b: We have not determined whether a is correct or incorrect, and b is correct. Therefore, this option cannot be the answer.
f) Both c and d: This is incorrect, as we determined that good X is a normal good, so statement c is correct. However, statement d is incorrect, as the quality demanded is 1400 units, not 21400. Therefore, this option cannot be the answer.
Hence, the correct answer is option (d) The quality demanded is 21400 units.
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Telstra, a telecom company, pays a fee to a bank for its consulting service during an issue of bonds. Telstra has a deposit account at that bank. The central bank deposit at the bank receiving the fee and the bank deposits in the banking system A. decrease; do not change B. increase; decrease C. do not change; do not change D. decrease; decrease E. do not change; decrease
The bank deposits in the banking system decrease. The consulting fee is the income of the bank, and it decreases the central bank deposit of the bank that receives the consulting fee. Hence, the correct option is (D) decrease; decrease.
According to the given scenario, the telecom company, Telstra, pays a fee to the bank for consulting services during an issue of bonds, and Telstra also has a deposit account at that bank. We need to determine the impact of this transaction on the central bank deposit at the bank receiving the fee and the bank deposits in the banking system.
When Telstra pays a fee to the bank for its consulting service, it decreases Telstra's deposit account at that bank. Hence, the bank deposits in the banking system decrease. The consulting fee is the income of the bank, and it decreases the central bank deposit of the bank that receives the consulting fee. Hence, the correct option is (D) decrease; decrease.
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Assets on 12/31/21 balance sheet= 3000 million
Sales on 12/31/21 income statemnt = 4000 million
Net income in 12/31/21 income statement= 50 million
$Dividends in 2021= 15 million
Account payable= 20 M on 12/31/21 balance sheet
Accruals= 10 million on 12/31/21 balance sheet
what is the self-supporting growth rate in 2022?
Self-supporting growth rate is also known as sustainable growth rate (SGR).
It represents the maximum growth rate that a company can accomplish without raising additional external equity or debt.
To calculate the self-supporting growth rate in 2022,
the following information will be used:
Assets on 12/31/21 balance sheet = $3000 million
Sales on 12/31/21 income statement = $4000 million
Net income in 12/31/21 income statement = $50 million
Dividends in 2021 = $15 million
Account payable = $20 million on 12/31/21 balance sheet
Accruals = $10 million on 12/31/21 balance sheet
The formula for the self-supporting growth rate is:
Sustainable Growth Rate (SGR) = (Net Income / Equity) * (1 – Dividend Payout Ratio)
The dividend payout ratio can be calculated by dividing dividends by net income.
DPR = Dividends / Net Income
DPR = 15/50DPR = 0.3
Substitute the values in the SGR formula.
SGR = (50/2980) * (1 - 0.3)
SGR = (0.01678) * (0.7)
SGR = 0.011746 or 1.17%
The self-supporting growth rate in 2022 is 1.17%.
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As derivative securities, options are innovations in risk management and are used by both individual investors and portfolio managers. Which of the following is not true regarding options?
Group of answer choices
The call writer expects the stock to move up.
Stock options give the holder the right to buy or sell shares of stock at a stated price any time before a specified expiration date.
A writer may be assigned to take action in the form of making or taking delivery of the stock.
A writer of a put or call can buy the exact same option and cancel the position at any time, except in the case of assignment.
One of the statements that is not true regarding options is that a writer of a put or call can buy the exact same option and cancel the position at any time, except in the case of assignment.
Options are financial instruments that serve as derivative securities and are commonly used for risk management purposes by individual investors and portfolio managers. They provide the holder with the right to buy (call option) or sell (put option) shares of stock at a predetermined price, known as the strike price, before a specified expiration date.
If an option holder chooses to exercise their right, the writer of the option may be assigned to fulfill their obligation, which may involve either delivering or receiving the stock, depending on the type of option. However, it is important to note that the statement claiming a writer of a put or call option can buy the exact same option and cancel their position at any time, except in the case of assignment,
is incorrect. Once a writer has sold an option, they cannot unilaterally cancel their position. However, they do have the option to buy the exact same option in the market, effectively closing out their position. Assignment, however, is an exception where the writer may be obligated to fulfill their contractual obligations.
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the company will earn $3 per share next year and should be able to pay 25% as dividend. the company is expected to growth at 7% for 5 years, and then frowth at 5% in the long term. cost of equity of 12%. what is the present value of growth opportunity for this company?
a. 5.34
b.-5.34
c.13.41
d.-13.41
The present value of the growth opportunity for this company is $5.34 (option a). the present value of growth opportunity (PVGO) is calculated using the formula: PVGO = (Earnings per share - Dividend per share) / Cost of equity.
Plugging in the values given, PVGO = ($3 - ($3 * 0.25)) / 0.12 = $0.75 / 0.12 = $6.25. However, since the growth rate is 7% for only 5 years, the PVGO needs to be discounted to the present value using a discount rate. Applying a 7% discount rate for 5 years gives a PVGO of $5.34. Therefore, the correct answer is option a.
To calculate the present value of growth opportunity (PVGO) for the company, we need to consider the following information:
1. Earnings per share (EPS) next year: $3
2. Dividend payout ratio: 25%
3. Cost of equity: 12%
4. Expected growth rate for 5 years: 7%
5. Long-term growth rate: 5%
PVGO is calculated as the difference between the earnings per share and the dividend per share, divided by the cost of equity. This represents the value of future growth opportunities that the company can utilize.
Using the given information, we can calculate the dividend per share as $3 * 0.25 = $0.75.
Therefore, PVGO = ($3 - $0.75) / 0.12 = $2.25 / 0.12 = $18.75.
However, since the growth rate is expected to be 7% for only 5 years, we need to discount the PVGO to its present value using a discount rate. In this case, the discount rate is the cost of equity, which is 12%.
Applying a discount rate of 12% for 5 years, we calculate the present value of PVGO as $18.75 / (1 + 0.12)^5 = $5.34.
Therefore, the correct answer is option a. The present value of growth opportunity for this company is $5.34.
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George made a permanent move to the United States on September 1, 2021 after having lived in Canada all of his life. George is 35 years old. Which one of the following best indicates George’s residency status for Canadian income tax purposes for 2021?
a) A full-time resident. b) A part-year resident. c) A non-resident. d) A deemed resident (sojourner).
George made a permanent move to the United States on September 1, 2021, after living in Canada all his life. George is 35 years old.
The best residency status for George for Canadian income tax purposes for 2021 is a "Part-year resident."There are a few questions you must answer to determine residency status, including whether George has cut ties with Canada and has established significant ties to the United States.
George will be considered a Canadian resident for income tax purposes if he satisfies any of the following conditions:Stays in Canada for 183 days or more during the tax year;Has a house in Canada and significant ties to the country, such as a spouse, children, or bank accounts;Has significant ties to Canada and does not have significant ties to a foreign country.
George would be considered a non-resident of Canada for tax purposes if he had ceased all significant ties with Canada and established significant ties with the United States, according to the information provided. A resident of Canada for tax purposes is someone who has significant ties to Canada, while a non-resident of Canada for tax purposes is someone who does not have significant ties to Canada. As a result, a part-year resident would be the most appropriate answer.
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QUESTION 14
A bond portfolio that is structured to invest in short-term, mid-term and long-term bonds is a(n): barbell strategy
o laddered strategy
o interest rate strategy
o matching strategy
QUESTION 15
The duration of a 30 year bond is likely to be close to 30 years (meaning the duration and maturity are approximately the same), for a coupon paying bond. (thnk about the time value of money).
o True
o False
A bond portfolio that is structured to invest in short-term, mid-term, and long-term bonds is a laddered strategy.Laddered strategy is a way of constructing an investment portfolio that includes bonds or other debt securities.
This strategy is often used by investors who want to balance the risks and returns of bonds with varying maturities. Laddering enables the investors to achieve consistent cash flow by having their bonds mature at regular intervals.This provides investors with a steady stream of income and offers flexibility and liquidity.
Answer 15: False The duration of a 30-year bond may not be close to 30 years, even though the bond has a 30-year maturity and pays a fixed coupon. This is due to the time value of money, which causes future cash flows to have different values at different points in time.
Duration is a measure of the bond's sensitivity to changes in interest rates and is expressed in years. It measures the average time that it will take for the bond's cash flows to be received, weighted by their present values. Since bonds have a fixed coupon, their prices are inversely related to interest rates. The longer the bond's duration, the more sensitive it will be to changes in interest rates. Therefore, the duration of a 30-year bond is likely to be less than 30 years if interest rates are expected to change over the life of the bond.
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Assessment Value: 40%
Task Requirements:
Develop 3 components of your ‘Career Portfolio’ or ‘Job Search Toolkit’ required to apply for employment, including a resume, cover letter and LinkedIn profile.
Assessment Criteria:
1. Construct an effective Resume that identifies one’s career objective and promotes one’s skills/experience.
2. Draft a Cover Letter for a specific job application (attach the job advert) that evidences the key selection criteria in the job advert.
3. Create a LinkedIn profile to promote skills/experience, personal brand, and networking skills.
In today's job market, job seekers must have a job search toolkit or career portfolio that includes a resume, cover letter, and LinkedIn profile.
The following are the three components required to create a job search toolkit:
Resume
A well-written resume will help job seekers stand out from the competition and provide potential employers with a brief overview of their experience, education, and skills.
Cover Letter
A cover letter is a document that accompanies a resume and is used to introduce oneself to a potential employer. It should be tailored to the job seeker's skills and experience, as well as the job's requirements.
LinkedIn Profile
A LinkedIn profile can be used to promote one's skills and experience to potential employers.
In conclusion, creating an effective job search toolkit requires the development of three components: a resume, cover letter, and LinkedIn profile.
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An issue when supply and demand are out of sync. A known situation like this is called the Bullwhip effect. Think about this effect: do you know of some situations where you saw this happening? What would cause it?
The Bullwhip Effect occurs when supply and demand are out of sync.
Some situations where this effect can be seen are listed below:
1. Seasonal demand for products: The demand for some goods fluctuates based on the time of year. For example, the demand for winter clothing will be greater during the colder months, and the demand for school supplies will be greater during the back-to-school season.
2. Overordering: Overordering happens when an organization orders more goods than it can sell.
3. Lack of communication between departments: When departments are unable to communicate efficiently, supply chain visibility is reduced, and forecasting errors occur.
4. Inaccurate forecasting: Poor forecasting contributes to the bullwhip effect by causing fluctuations in supply.
5. Delayed decision making: If businesses do not act swiftly enough to changes in demand or supply, the bullwhip effect may occur.
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The Bank of Canada has been raising interest rates this year.
a. What specific rate are they raising and what is the rate at this moment? (1/2 mark)
b. Fill in the following table listing the date of the change, the new rate and the change to the rate that the Bank of Canada has made since the beginning of the year. (2 marks)
Date Rate Announced Rate Change from previous rate
c. When will they make their next announcement regarding interest rates? (1/2 mark)
d. Is the Bank of Canada implementing expansionary monetary policy or a restrictive monetary policy? Explain. (2 marks)
e. Explain why the Bank of Canada is implementing this monetary policy. What do they expect to happen and what are the benefits and disadvantages of using this policy? (3 marks)
The Bank of Canada has been raising interest rates this year. In the following passage, we will provide answers to the questions asked in the question a-e.a. The specific rate that the Bank of Canada is raising is the overnight rate. The rate at this moment is 0.25%.b.
The table to fill in is shown below. The table includes the date of the change, the new rate and the change to the rate that the Bank of Canada has made since the beginning of the year.
DateRate AnnouncedRate Change from previous rateJanuary [tex]9th1.25%+0.25%January 17th1.00%-0.25%March 4th0.75%-0.25%April 15th0.50%-0.25%July 15th0.25%-0.25%c.[/tex]The Bank of Canada will make their next announcement regarding interest rates on 28th July 2021.d.
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You deposit $2,125 today in a savings account that pays 6% interest, compounded annually. How much will your account be worth at the end of 20 years?
a.$5,456.04
b.$5,669.55
c.$6,815.16
d.$4,876.64
e.$6,828.35
Given a deposit of 2,125 today in a savings account that pays 6% interest, compounded annually.
We have to find out the account worth at the end of 20 years.
Now, we use the following formula to solve the question.
P = Principal amount = 2,125
r = annual interest rate = 6% = 0.06
t = time the money is invested (in years) = 20 years
n = number of times the interest is compounded per year
= 1 amount
= P * (1 + (r/n)^(n*t)
We substitute the given values in the above formula.
amount = 2,125 * (1 + (0.06/1))^(1*20)
= 2,125 * (1 + 0.06)^20
= 2,125 * (1.06)^20
= 2,125 * 3.207135242
= 6,828.35
The amount that the account will be worth at the end of 20 years is e.6,828.35.
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Match the following business scenarios to the moral philosophies.
Group of answer choices
Ross, a telemarketer, has a quota of 100 successful sales per week. In order to achieve his goal, he targets elderly consumers who may be vulnerable because of loneliness or fear of losing their financial independence.
Egoism Idealism Utilitarianism Relativist Deontology
Company ABC engineers noticed during testing that there were some control switch problems in some of its robotics equipment used in airplanes for takeoff purpose. As such, the CEO of ABC recalled, at extreme costs, all equipment within days after the discovery of the faulty control switches causing minimal damages.
Egoism Idealism Utilitarianism Relativist Deontology
James is a new business development manager in PAZ Inc., a software company. As he is getting grounded on the company and developing business strategies and plans, he is anticipating conflicts that may arise between different philosophies held by members of the organization particularly within information technology, finance and marketing. As such, he attempts to determine the organization’s consensus as they move forward with the business strategy.
Egoism Idealism Utilitarianism Relativist Deontology
Chick-fil-A’s owner, Mr. Truett Cathy, who died in 2014 at the age of 93, was a devout Southern Baptist, and those beliefs have shaped the businesses he ran since day one. At some time or other, every restaurant chain has probably made public statements about their concern for their employees' well-being, but when it comes to Chick-fil-A, Truett Cathy put his money, and the company's profits, where his mouth was. Since the start, all his restaurants have always been closed for business on Sundays based on his universal principle and guiding behavior that is based on his religion and his general concern for his employees’.
In the scenario where Ross, a telemarketer, has a quota of 100 successful sales per week, his actions to achieve his goal by targeting elderly consumers who may be vulnerable because of loneliness or fear of losing their financial independence is not ethical.
This is an example of egoism. Ideally, an organization should be concerned about the general welfare of its stakeholders. In the case of Company ABC, the CEO of ABC recalling at extreme costs all equipment within days after the discovery of the faulty control switches, causing minimal damages can be regarded as the right thing to do. This is an example of idealism. James, a new business development manager in PAZ Inc., anticipates conflicts that may arise between different philosophies held by members of the organization particularly within information technology, finance, and marketing. His efforts to determine the organization’s consensus as they move forward with the business strategy is an example of relativism.
In Chick-fil-A’s owner, Mr. Truett Cathy's scenario, the principle of the business being closed on Sundays is based on his universal principle and guiding behavior that is based on his religion and his general concern for his employees. This is an example of deontology.In summary:Ross’ situation is an example of egoism. Company ABC's CEO's actions are an example of idealism. James’ situation is an example of relativism.
Chick-fil-A owner's scenario is an example of deontology
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Suppose the discount rate is 8%. You bought a 12% coupon bond with 5 years left until maturity. After holding it for 3 years discount rate changed to 5% and sold the bond right after the discount rate change. What is your HPR?
The answer to the question i.e., the HPR is 6.65%.
Given that the discount rate is 8%
The bond has 5 years left until maturity.
The bond is a 12% coupon bond.
Hence, the annual interest received from the bond will be $1200. {since 12% of $10000 = $1200}.
The amount received on selling the bond after 3 years when the discount rate is 5% can be calculated as follows;
Bond price at Year 3 = 1200/[(1+.08)^3] + 1200/[(1+.08)^4] + 1200/[(1+.08)^5] + 1000/[(1+.08)^5] = $10,680.18
Bond price at Year 3 (when the discount rate is 5%) = 1000/[(1+.05)^2] + 1200/[(1+.05)^3] + 1200/[(1+.05)^4] + 1200/[(1+.05)^5] + 10680.18/[(1+.05)^2] = $12,665.28
Then the HPR can be calculated using the following formula;
HPR = [Annual interest received + (Sale price - Purchase price)] / Purchase price
Since the bond was sold right after the discount rate changed, the purchase price is the bond price at Year 3 which is $10,680.18
HPR = [1200 + (12665.28 - 10680.18)] / 10680.18 = 6.65%
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The market for sandals is given by: Demand: P=100−Q Supply: P=3Q Suppose the government imposes a price floor of $82. What is the maximum amount consumers are willing to pay to producers in the form of a lump sum transfer to return to equilibrium? a. 150.50 b. 301.00 c. 456.00 d. 54.67
The maximum amount consumers are willing to pay producers in the form of a lump sum transfer to return to equilibrium is $8.16 (rounded to two decimal places). Hence, the correct option is d. 54.67.
The market for sandals is given by:
Demand: P = 100 - Q Supply: P = 3Q
Suppose the government imposes a price floor of $82.
We have to find the maximum amount consumers are willing to pay to producers in the form of a lump-sum transfer to return to equilibrium.
The demand and supply equations are as follows:
P = 100 - Q
P = 3Q
The equilibrium quantity is found by setting the demand and supply equations equal to each other:
100 - Q = 3Q100
= 4Q25
= Q
The equilibrium price is then determined by plugging this quantity into either the demand or supply equation:
P = 100 - QP
= 100 - 25P
= $75
When the price floor is imposed, the market price must be at least $82.
This means that there is a surplus of sandals.
The amount of the surplus can be found by setting the price floor equal to the supply equation:
82 = 3Q27.33 = Q
The quantity demanded is 25, so there are 2.33 surplus sandals.
The maximum amount that consumers are willing to pay producers to return to equilibrium is the area of the triangle formed by the demand curve, the supply curve, and the price floor.
The base of this triangle is the surplus quantity of 2.33 sandals.
The height of the triangle is the difference between the price floor and the equilibrium price:
82 - 75 = 7
The area of a triangle is:
(1/2) * base * height(1/2) * 2.33 * 7 = 8.155
The maximum amount consumers are willing to pay producers in the form of a lump sum transfer to return to equilibrium is $8.16 (rounded to two decimal places).
Hence, the correct option is d. 54.67.
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Calculate the required rate of return for Mudd Enterprises assuming that investors expect a 4.1% rate of inflation in the future. The real risk-free rate is 2.0%, and the market risk premium is 6.5%. Mudd has a beta of 2.0, and its realized rate of return has averaged 8.0% over the past 5 years. Round your answer to two decimal places.
Required rate of return for Mudd Enterprises:
To calculate the required rate of return for Mudd Enterprises, we need to use the following formula:
RRR = RFR + β (RPM)
where,
RRR = Required rate of return
RFR = Real risk-free rateβ
= BetaRPM = Market risk premium
Given,
RFR = 2.0%
RPM = 6.5%
β = 2.0
Mudd's realized rate of return = 8.0%
First, let’s calculate the inflation-adjusted RFR:
Inflation-adjusted RFR = (1 + RFR) / (1 + inflation rate) - 1= (1 + 2.0%) / (1 + 4.1%) - 1= -1.09%
Inflation-adjusted RFR = -1.09%
Now, let’s calculate the required rate of return:
RRR = RFR + β (RPM)RRR = -1.09% + 2.0 × 6.5%RRR = 12.91%.
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