in the berlin declaration on digital society and value-based digital government, which of the principles focused on having the public sector encourage wider participation in policy-making by involving society in the design of public services through co-creation, experimentation and collaboration?

The purpose of municipal government is for providing public services for a specific population concentration in a defined area. Municipal government can be defined as the responsible for areas such as parks, community water systems, local police.

Based on government's structural organization, municipal government generally can be defined as s is the level of government that is usually based in a city, town or district. Municipal government based on organization's structure is under the central government. The example of municipal governments are cities, towns, and villages. Municipal government has several duties through the specific populations, such as Strategic land use, Subdivision and condominium approval, and also Maintenance of the local roads.

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Lemon Test examines the constitutionality of religious establishment issues.

When determining whether a legislation or government action violates the First Amendment's establishment clause, the Supreme Court frequently applies the three-part Lemon test. Establishment of religion cases typically include either the introduction of religious practises into the public sphere, such as school prayer, or government support for religion, such as funding for parochial schools. The Court compares the assistance or programme to the test's criteria. The Lemon test continues to be the primary test employed by lower courts in establishment clause cases, such as those involving government support for parochial schools or the introduction of religious observances in the workplace, despite criticism and modifications over the years.

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Answer: B overproduction

Explanation: they produced causing price to drop, low demand high quantity, the farmers loses their farms and go broke

Jefferson stated in the Independence Declaration that if a government becomes harsh, the people have the right to change it (unfair and controlling).

"Being independent entails both freedom and responsibilities. We have the right to behave whichever way we choose, but we also have a duty to act for the best interests of our community and our nation. Being independent means doing it. 

Independence, often known as freedom or independence, refers to the degree to which the authority has limited access to and power over the affairs of individuals. The Independence Declaration is the source for this idea of independence.

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James Madison, the chief author of the Bill of Rights first said freedom of speech.

James Madison Jr. was an American statesman, diplomat, and Founding Father. Madison served as the fourth president of the United States from the year 1809 to 1817. Madison is referred  as the "Father of the Constitution" for his pivotal role in drafting and promoting the Constitution of the United States and the Bill of Rights.

He was born into a prominent slave-owning planter family in Virginia. He also served as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates and the Continental Congress during and after the American Revolutionary War.

The freedom of speech is the right to speak, share ideas and opinions without facing repercussions from the government.

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Regional social movements, the Nigerian civil war, and terrorism are only a few of the disruptive dangers to Nigeria carried on by religious and ethnic divisions that have influenced secession movements and attempt at disintegration.

A social movement is a clumsily put together but tenacious campaign in favor of a part of a larger project, usually either the execution or avoiding of a change in society's framework or values. Social movements are all basically collaborative even though their sometimes with.

Since a multitude lacks administrative and motivating structures that can keep members motivated during periods of inactivity and waiting, a movements is not simply a repeated crowd.

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The passage of the Lend-Lease Act of 1941 allowed the United States to provide military and economic aid to foreign countries, significantly changing US foreign policy.

The Lend-Lease Act of 1941 was a significant change to US foreign policy because it allowed the United States to provide military and economic aid to foreign countries without having to declare war or enter into a formal alliance.

The act was passed in response to the rising threat of Nazi Germany and the Axis powers during World War II. Before this act, the United States had maintained a policy of neutrality and had not provided direct military aid to other countries.

But with the passage of the Lend-Lease Act, the US government could provide aid to countries such as Great Britain, the Soviet Union, China, and other nations fighting the Axis powers.

This aid included weapons, food, and other supplies, as well as financial assistance. This act marked a major shift in US foreign policy, moving away from neutrality and towards active participation in the war effort.

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    comedy of manners, a witty, cerebral form of dramatic comedy that depicts and often satirizes the manners and affectations of contemporary society.

        A comedy of manners is concerned with social usage and the question of whether or not characters meet certain social standards, Harold Pinter's play The Homecoming has been described as a mid-twenty-century the-" comedy of manners". Other more recent examples include Kazuo Ishiguro's The Remains of the Day, Barbara Pym's Excellent Women, Douglas Carter Beane's As Bees in Honey Drown, The Country Club, and The Little Dog Laughed.

       'Manners' means a quality acquired by a person from free social inter- crossed with cultivated men and women. The Comedy of Manner always seeks to give a real picture of one section of contemporary life, high in social Stature with all its sophistication, conversation, and an emphasis on careless gaiety.

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Structuralism is a general theory of culture and technique that holds that components of human culture must be understood in the context of a larger system.

It is used in sociology, anthropology, archaeology, history, philosophy, and linguistics. Structuralism is a way of understanding nature and human existence that is more concerned in relationships than individual things, or, alternately, that defines objects by the relationships of which they are a part rather than by the attributes that they possess when viewed separately. According to structural theory, certain aspects have relative meanings and values rather than absolute ones, which is how humans see the world. Only in relation to something else does anything make sense.

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Government involvement in a modern economy is generally defended because Governments are more able than firms to meet some needs and wants of society.

What do you mean by  modern economy?

Modern economy refers to the economic system of a particular country that is characterized by the use of modern technology, practices, and innovations in the production of goods and services. It is also characterized by increased specialization, increased capital investment, and increased international trade. It is distinguished from traditional economies in that it relies heavily on the use of sophisticated technology, such as computers and information technology. Additionally, it is based on the principles of economic theory, such as supply and demand, competition, and efficiency. Modern economies also tend to be more integrated, with the goal of creating economic growth and development. These economies are typically focused on the use of market forces to create a more efficient allocation of resources and a greater level of wealth in a society.

So, the governments are more able than firms to meet some needs and wants of society.

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Francois-Marie Arouet, better known by his pen name Voltaire, enlightenment philosopher who wrote social satire and advocated for civil rights and religious liberty in France

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The Spring Festival is the oldest and most important festival in China, which marks a new year on the lunar calendar. The Spring Gala Festival represents the desire for a new life.

Spring Gala Festival, which ushers in a new year according to the lunar calendar, is the oldest and most significant festival in China. The Spring Festival symbolizes the desire for just a new life. Because it ushers in spring and ushers out winter, it is known as the Spring Gala Festival.

The Lunar New Year is known as the Spring Gala Festival in China, or Chnjié in Mandarin, as well as Seollal and Tt in Korea and Vietnam. The celebration was founded as a time and feasting to honor household and heavenly deities as well as ancestors and was connected to the lunar calendar.

The show is a variety of entertainment that frequently includes acts of music, dance, comedy, and drama. For many Chinese families, especially those of Chinese immigrants, it has evolved into a ritual.

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Online predators have been a problem for 9.5% of tweens and 20.54% of teens.

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The territory was split into two halves, the first starting at the Gulf of Mexico and stretching to the Canadian border, and the second starting at the Mississippi River and finishing at the Rocky Mountains. The sale of the present states comprised all of area 14 or a portion of it.

With the addition of territory that would later have become states of Mississippi, Louisiana, Mississippi, Illinois, Iowa, Kan, Omaha, North Bismarck, South Dakota, and portions of Minneapolis, New Mexico, Wyoming, Wyoming, and Colorado, the nation's size doubled as a product of this treaty.

Napoleon Bonaparte, the leader of France at the time, instructed his diplomats to offer the Americans n't only New Orleans but the entire Louisiana Territory since he was feeling bored in constructing a Northern American empire and required money to fight the British.

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The Farmers’ Holiday Association was least successful in increasing the price but most successful in increasing awareness.

The Farmers’ Holiday Association was active from 1932 to 1937 and served as the nominal organization behind a protest movement by midwestern and Great Plains farmers. It was formed as a response to over ten years of depressed farm income. The Farmer's Holiday was least successful in its goal to raise prices, and most successful in its goal to raise awareness of the economic problems faced by farmers. It is remembered for successfully fighting against farm foreclosures however it was unsuccessful in lobbying Congress for a federal system that would pay farmers for their crops based on the cost of production.

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You should travel west of north to find the treasure. Most maps have North at their top and South at their bottom. East is to the right, whereas West is to the left.

East and west are at a right angle to each other, as are north and south. From the north, east rotates in the opposite direction. West is directly across from the east. If the general time of day is known, east and west can be determined by looking at where the sun is in the sky. Fundamentally speaking, it is accepted wisdom that when used as compass directions, north, south, east, and west should be written in lowercase, whereas east, west, and proper nouns, adjectives, and geographic references should all be capitalized. This direction is known as EAST of NORTH when travelling east from the NORTH axis.

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Answer:

A protectionist policy is a strategy implemented by a government to protect domestic industries and businesses by placing tariffs or quotas on imported goods to reduce competition and encourage domestic production.

This form of clause for incidental powers is found in the Necessary and Appropriate Clause, which empowers Congress to "make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for putting into Execution" other federal authorities.

The representatives of various nations, component states, organisations, trade unions, political parties, and other entities assemble in a formal setting during a congress. From the Latin congressus, the phrase first appeared in late Middle English to refer to a meeting during combat. Congress is the name of the United States' legislative body. The Senate and the House of Representatives are the two chambers of Congress. The Constitution gives Congress, one of the three equal institutions of government, a number of important functions. The only branch of the government with the authority to enact new laws or amend existing ones is Congress, which has complete legislative authority.

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Independent variable: Freshman retention rate

Operationalization: The percentage of first-time, full-time freshman students who return to school the following academic year.

Dependent variable: Reasons for non-return

Operationalization: The factors that contribute to a student's decision not to return to school, as reported by students through surveys or interviews.

Hypothesis: A lower freshman retention rate is associated with specific reasons for non-return, such as financial difficulties, lack of academic support, or dissatisfaction with the college experience.

Sociological research is the systematic study of human society and social behavior. It involves the collection and analysis of data to understand how individuals and groups interact, how social structures and institutions shape human behavior, and how social change occurs.

Sociological research often employs a variety of research methods, including surveys, interviews, observations, and experiments, to collect data and test hypotheses about social phenomena. The goal of sociological research is to understand and explain the social world, in order to improve the human condition and promote social progress.

Therefore, the correct answer is as given above. It could be concluded that the division into such subsections are as they are.

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The common law system is a legal system based on laws developed through court decisions rather than statutes. It is the oldest form of law in the world and is still in use in the United States and the United Kingdom.

The origin of the common law system can be traced back to England in the 12th and 13th centuries when the law was based on customs and court decisions rather than laws enacted by Parliament. In England, the law was developed by the King's Courts, which heard cases and tried to reach a decision based on legal principles and precedents.

These decisions and legal principles were then used as a basis for future decisions. Over time, the common law system evolved and became the law of the land in England and eventually spread to the United States and other countries.

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Ethnicity is more likely to be shared among members of the same ethnic group than religion.

Ethnicity is a shared characteristic that refers to a group of people who identify with each other based on common ancestry, culture, language, or national origin. Religion, on the other hand, refers to a set of beliefs and practices that shape an individual's spirituality and morality. While members of the same religious group may share certain beliefs and practices, they may come from different ethnic backgrounds. Therefore, it is more likely that members of the same ethnic group will share a common ethnicity than that members of the same religious group will share a common ethnicity. It's important to remember that people can have multiple identities, and that ethnicity and religion can intersect and influence each other. However, in general, ethnicity is a more fundamental aspect of group identity than religion and it's more likely to be shared among members of the same ethnic group than among members of the same religious group.

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The Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the United States of America. It superseded the Articles of Confederation, the nation's first constitution, in 1789. Originally comprising seven articles, it delineates the national frame and constraints of government.

The 13 states of the United States of America, originally the Thirteen Colonies, came to an agreement known as the Articles of Confederation and Permanent Union, which functioned as the country's first system of governance.

The Articles established a loose coalition of independent states with a meager central administration that delegated most authority to the state legislatures. A stronger federal government was soon required, which prompted the Constitutional Convention in 1787.

The confederacy of both the former 13 colonies was dubbed "The United States of America" in the Articles of Confederation, which served as the country's first constitution. The 13 articles that made up the Articles of Confederation granted authority to a federal government headed by Congress.

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Government regulations seriously impact how businesses function. These regulations are put into place to protect consumers, as well as the environment.

By following these regulations, businesses must adhere to certain standards that ensure safety, fairness, and sustainability. The most common regulations that businesses must follow include labor, safety, and environmental regulations. Labor regulations are essential to make sure employees are paid a fair wage and are treated fairly. Safety regulations help businesses guarantee that their products and services are safe for consumers.

Environmental regulations help businesses reduce their carbon footprint and become more sustainable. Furthermore, tax, competition, and advertising regulations influence how businesses operate. Tax regulations allow businesses to determine how much they owe the government and how much they can deduct from taxes. Competition regulations stop businesses from having monopolies and competing unfairly with other businesses.

Legislation governing advertising shields consumers from misleading or false advertising. All in all, government regulations are critical to ensure businesses provide safe and fair services and products to customers and employees. By adhering to government regulations, businesses can create a safe and sustainable environment.

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Impressment, sometimes known as "the pressing" or the "press gang," is the forcible recruiting of persons into a naval or military unit without or without notice.

Barbers, physicians, solicitors, mechanics, banks, insurance firms, and other professionals are a few examples. Vital servants are those that are funded by the entire community (a nation-state, fiscal union, or area).

Business services, social services, and personal care are the three main categories of services. The services that companies utilize to carry out their operation of the company are referred to as business services. Which include banking, insurance, and transportation.

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In a recycling program steel, glass and aluminium materials can be reused many times for quality during recycling that can be recycled. All metals have an unlimited lifespan, and it is always a good idea to recycling them.

There are some materials that can be reused or recycling many times that is glass, bottles, jars, products of rigid plastic, some papers that include like magazines, newspapers, waste food materials and some metals like steel, tin and aluminium.

Plastic is made up of long fibers so every time paper is recycled those fibers will be making it harder to be recycled. Paper materials can be recycled by five or seven times because it almost as tricky as plastic. Metals are recycled infinite times that are categorized into nonferrous and ferrous metals.

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In order to stop communism from spreading, Truman's foreign policy stated that the US would offer political, military, & economic assistance to democratic nations under communist threat.

The index seeks to gauge the level of democracy in 167 nations and territories, 166 of which are sovereign states and 164 of which are UN members. It is similar to a Human Development Index but is primarily focused on political institutions and freedoms.

The Democracy Index ranked Norway as the most democratic nation in the world in 2021. Scores range from 0 to 10, with a score closer to 10 indicating a more democratic nation.

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Adam Smith's seminal work, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, published in 1776, is widely considered to be the beginning of modern economics.

Smith's argument that the wealth of nations is not derived from the accumulation of gold or silver, but from the production of goods and services, has had a lasting influence on economic thought and policy. He also introduced the concept of the Invisible Hand, which posits that when individuals pursue their own interests, they benefit society at large.

Smith's views on the importance of economic freedom and free trade have been particularly influential, as has his discussion of the division of labor, taxation, and other topics. The book has had a major impact on the development of economic thought, and continues to shape economic policy today.

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Lincolns election caused the civil war because he refue=sed to give in to any of the reasons that may cause the South to secede from the United States.

His victory in the election immediately led to the start of the American Civil War. After taking office, Lincoln refused to support any resolution that would cause the South to secede from the Union.

The divides inside the United States right before the Civil War were made clear by the Election of 1860. Four capable contenders contested the president in this extraordinary election. The then-current political parties were in turmoil.

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The data facts, also known as raw figures and figures, are what describe an event's or entity's properties.

Information is collected that has been transformed into a structure that is useful for transfer or process in computers. Data refers to data that has been transformed into binary electronic information for use with modern computers and communication media. The topic of data may be used in either the solitary or the plural.

Daten is the plural form of datum, the masculine simple past of the verb dare, which means "to give" in Latin. In the 1640s, the term "data" was introduced to English. In 1946, the phrase "communicable and reusable computer information" was first employed to refer to data.

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Answer:

An effective strategy to create social change and defend human rights is a multifaceted approach that includes a combination of grassroots organizing, advocacy, education, and policy change.