Using the theories of receptor, we got that ligand is the signal molecule that does not enter the cell in the binding of a signal molecule to a surface receptor.
Cell-surface receptors Cell-surface receptors are the membrane-anchored proteins that bind to ligands on outside surface of the cell. In this type of signaling, the ligand actually does not need to cross the plasma membrane.
In other cases, the receptor binds the DNA in either the presence or absence of hormone, but the hormone binding alters the activity of the receptor as the transcriptional regulatory molecule. For example, thyroid hormone receptor acts as the repressor in the absence of hormone.
Hence, in the binding of a signal molecule to a surface receptor, the signal molecule does not enter the cell is ligand.
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mark all that are true about consanguineous unions. select one or more: a. increases the frequency of recessive alleles b. increases the frequency of recessive phenotypes c. increases the proportion of homozygous genotypes d. decreases the proportion of heterozygous individuals in the population e. decreases the frequency of recessive phenotypes
Here are the options which are true about consanguineous unions:
a. Increases the frequency of recessive alleles
b. Increases the frequency of recessive phenotypes
c. Increases the proportion of homozygous genotypes
d. Decreases the proportion of heterozygous individuals in the population
Inbreeding brought on by consanguineous unions raises homozygosity. Recessive phenotypes grow in the population if there are recessive alleles present in the family. Additionally, heterozygosity decreases as homozygosity rises.
A consanguineous marriage is typically referred to be a relationship between two people who are at least second cousins apart. In close-knit communities, at least one-fifth of the population generally prefers consanguineous unions, and at least 8.5% of children have consanguineous parents.
Consanguineous marriages are most frequently caused by economic and sociocultural advantages.
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arrange the vessels of the circulatory system in the order in which blood travels through them, beginning at the top with the vessels leaving the heart.
Blood moves through the circulatory system's channels in the following order: capillaries, venules, then veins, which carry blood back to the heart.
What are the circulatory system's components in Grade 5?Atherosclerosis affects three different types of blood vessels: capillaries, veins, and arteries. Large blood channels called arteries transport blood from the heart to the capillaries. Large tubes called veins transport blood from capillaries back to the heart. The little tubes known as capillaries supply each and every cell in the body.
What is the proper flow of blood, from the largest to the smallest?The left side of the heart releases oxygenated blood into the aorta. The aorta eventually divides into arteries. into smaller, more streamlined arterioles. Arterioles deliver blood and oxygen to the tiniest blood vessels, the capillaries.
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A depolarization is when the inside of a neuron becomes _______________ the resting membrane potential.
When the resting membrane potential becomes less negative (more positive), that is called depolarization.
What is depolarization?
Depolarization is also known as hypopolarization, also called rising phase. Depolarization is nothing but loss of polarization. More specifically, it is the loss of differences in charge inbetween the inside and outside of a muscle or nerve cells’ plasma membrane. This occurs due to changes in permeability and also migration of Na+ ions to the interior.
The gated sodium (Na+) ion channels present on the neuron's membrane open up suddenly and allow sodium ions (Na+) present outside the membrane in order to rush inside the cell. The internal charge of the nerve changes from -70 mV to -55 mV as the sodium (Na+) ions quickly enter the cell.
So therefore, depolarization is nothing but resting membrane potential becoming less negative (more positive)
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the number of protons in one atom of an alement determines the atoms _________, and the number of protons plus neutrons determines the ______________, of an element.
The number of protons in one atom of an element determines the atoms atomic number , and the number of protons plus neutrons determines the mass number, of an element.
A chemical element is a species of atoms, including the pure material made entirely of that species, that have a specific number of protons in their nuclei.
The atomic number is determined by the number of protons, and the atomic mass is determined by the sum of protons and neutrons.
The atomic number of an atom refers to how many protons it has. This number is crucial since it is exclusive to the atoms of a certain element. Every element has a variable number of protons in its atoms, yet every element has the same number of protons in all of its atoms.
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What enzyme moves outward from the origin of replication and breaks hydrogen bonds between dna nucleotides?.
Helicase moves outward from the origin of replication and breaks hydrogen bonds between DNA nucleotides .
Replication is the process were DNA makes multiple copies it self .Helicases are enzymes that assists to binding and remodeling of nucleic acid or nucleic acid protein complexes. They functions for unwinding the DNA in the process of replication .Helicase is one of the most essential enzyme in DNA replication .
DNA helicase separate two strands of the DNA for the process of replication . This enzyme also help to unwind the DNA and create a replication fork by breaking down the hydrogen bond.
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which of the following are pre-test loops? group of answer choices while, for for, do-while while, do-while while, for, do-while
The of following are pre-test loops do-while while,
A pretest loop assesses its situation earlier than every generation. A posttest loop examines its situation after every generation. A posttest loop will constantly execute at least once.
Normally, a pretest is given to students at the start of a course to decide their initial information of the measures stated inside the getting-to-know objectives, and a posttest is performed just after completion of the route to determine what the scholars have discovered.
Pre-checks are a non-graded evaluation tool used to determine pre-existing challenge information. commonly pre-assessments are administered previous to a route to determine expertise baseline, but here they may be used to check students' previous topical material coverage all throughout the course.
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proteins need to be denatured using an anionic detergent such as sds before gel electrophoresis because: select all that apply.
The majority of proteins contain a uniform positive charge, and a uniform neutral charge, and most proteins have intricate three-dimensional structures that might affect how well they travel through the gel electrophoresis. For these reasons, proteins need to be denatured. Here, the right answers are A, B, and D.
Protein separation is accomplished using a molecular technique called sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which operates in the proximity of an electric charge. Proteins are separated using SDS-PAGE according to their electrophoretic mobility. Protein charge, shape, and structure all affect electrophoretic mobility.
To proceed in the direction of the positive terminal, the protein molecules need to have a constant negative charge (anode). The overall charge of a protein is determined by the amino acid content of the protein as well as the charge of the individual amino acids.
Thus, depending on the total makeup of amino acids, the charge may change. Depending on the ratio of different amino acids, the total charge of the proteins can be positive, negative, or neutral. The SDS treatment gives the proteins a consistent, negative charge. Then, according to size, the negatively charged amino acids flow toward the positive terminal.
Complete question:
Proteins need to be denatured using an anionic detergent such as SDS before gel electrophoresis because: Select all that apply.
A - most proteins have a uniform positive charge
B - most proteins have complex three-dimensional structures that can impact their movement through the gel
C - the overall charge of a protein depends on the amino acid composition of the protein and can vary greatly
D - most proteins have a uniform neutral charge
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why is it important that the protein is not denatured by proteases during the purification procedure?
It is important that the protein is not denatured by proteases during the purification procedure because the denaturation would render the enzyme unable to bind to the column and carry out its catalysis function.
Protein purification is the process of separating the protein of interest from its environment. So, from other natural molecules that surround the protein in the host organism's natural niche, or from cell culture grown in the laboratory.
Protein purification is important for characterizing the function, structure, and interactions of the protein of interest. The purification process separates the protein and non-protein portions of the mixture and ultimately separates the protein of interest from all other proteins.
If it is necessary to extract proteins other than proteases, protease inhibitors can be added to prevent protein denaturation. Specific protease inhibitors and mixtures of protease inhibitors are commercially available to meet the needs of researchers.
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Explain how you can change pathways in your brain to break a bad habit and create new and better habits.
You either develop new habits as well as beliefs or reinforce current ones as they think as well as feel similarly.
With enough repetition and focus, your new habits will eventually become automatic. For instance, if you intentionally concentrate on exercising four times per week by evaluating your goals every day, chatting with other people for support, picturing your achievement, going to bed early, including scheduling weekly meetings with a fitness trainer, you reprogram your new exercise habit.
However, when you do not even deliberately focus your mind's attention on your workout objective, you'll discover that your strongest preexisting sleeping-in behaviors will operate automatically. Your brain, body, as well as behavior are controlled by ingrained instinctive habits that are frequently undesirable. However, you can alter previous behaviors and develop the habit of long-lasting happiness with time as well as the correct circumstances.
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What hormone is responsible for the fight or flight response in the alarm stage of a stress response?.
Answer: adrenaline is the hormone that is responsible.
Explanation: I hope this helps!!!
An individual having two different alleles of a specific gene is described as being _________ for that specific trait.
An individual having two different alleles of a specific gene is described as being Heterozygous for that specific trait.
You have a heterozygous genotype for that gene if the two versions differ. Being heterozygous for hair color, for example, means you have one allele for red hair and one allele for brown hair. The interaction of the two alleles influences which traits are expressed.
Being homozygous for a gene means you inherited two identical copies. It is the inverse of a heterozygous genotype, in which the alleles differ. People with recessive characteristics, such as blue eyes or red hair, are always homozygous for that gene. In genetics, heterozygous means having inherited different versions (alleles) of a genomic marker from each biological parent. As a result, a person who is heterozygous for a genomic marker has two distinct versions of that marker.
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During translation, what is read to determine the type of amino acid that is added to the growing protein?.
The kind of amino acid that's also supplied to the developing protein during translation is determined by reading the anticodon.
What happens if your body doesn't have enough protein?A severe protein deficiency can hinder children's growth, contribute to fatty liver and skin, induce edema, and worsen infections. True deficiency is uncommon in affluent nations, although a low intake may lead to muscular atrophy and an increased risk of fractures.
How much protein should I eat each day?For a typical sedentary adult, the suggested dietary allowance is 1 ml per kilogram of weight. A 165-pound (75-kilogram) person should eat 60 protein grams per day, for instance.
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When a glucose molecule loses a hydrogen atom as the result of an oxidationreduction reaction, the molecule becomes ________.
When a glucose molecule loses a hydrogen atom as the result of an oxidation-reduction reaction, the molecule becomes oxidized.
Oxidation occurs when a molecule loses an electron or increases its oxidation state.If a molecule is oxidized, it loses energy.A molecule is reduced, it gains one or more electrons and gets energy.Glucose is oxidized into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid in an exergonic reaction and loses hydrogen atom.The removal of hydrogen or any other electropositive element, or the addition of oxygen, is said to be the process of oxidation in classical or earlier concepts.The process of an atom or ion losing one or more electrons is known as oxidation, according to the electronic notion.Reduction is a process that involves the addition of hydrogen or any other electropositive element or the removal of oxygen or any other electronegative element, according to classical or older concepts.The process through which an atom or an ion gains one or more electrons is known as reduction, according to the electronic idea.To know more about Glucose check the below link:
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Use the model to answer the following question.
What BEST describes the model of DNA replication?
non-conservative
semi-conservative and discontinuous
semi-conservative
conservative
Answer: B
Explanation:
What is one of the most important decisions we have to make in our life?.
Choice #1: Decide to be happy! Without a doubt, this is the most significant choice you will ever make! You can always choose happiness in the situations , no matter what life throws at you.
Examples include deciding to change careers, relocate, purchase or sell a home, end or start a relationship, place loved ones in a facility that provides 24/7 care, adopt a child, retire, and many more.
Making decisions is crucial since it allows you to select from a variety of possibilities.
It is important to gather all relevant information and consider the advantages and disadvantages of it before making a decision.
It is vital to concentrate on actions that can assist in making the best judgments.
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a student designed an experiment to test the effects of light and water on plant growth. how could this experiment be improved?
This experiment could be improved by adding temperature as a variable, adding pH (acidity level) as a variable and Removing water or light as a variable so only one variable is being tested at a time
Photosynthesis, transpiration, respiration, germination, and flowering are all affected by temperature. Temperature, in conjunction with day length, influences the transition from vegetative (leafy) to reproductive (flowering) growth. Temperature can either speed up or slow down this transition depending on the situation and plant.
The most commonly used index of plant root-zone acidity or alkalinity is soil pH. Because some of the elements influenced by pH are essential nutrients for plants, soil pH has an impact on plant nutrition. Other elements are toxic in excess, and soil pH helps determine how much is in solution at any given time.
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explain how the electron transport chain is able to produce atp from adp. discuss the similarities differences of this process in cellular respiration and photosynthesis.
It takes place in mitochondria in both cell breathing and photosynthesis. within the former, the electrons come from breaking down organic molecules, and strength is released. in the latter, the electrons input the chain after being excited with the aid of mild, and the power released is used to build carbohydrates.
Photosynthesis makes the glucose that is used in cellular respiration to make ATP. The glucose is then grew to become again into carbon dioxide, that is utilized in photosynthesis. whilst water is broken all the way down to form oxygen throughout photosynthesis, in cellular respiration oxygen is mixed with hydrogen to shape water.Aug 31, 2018
The present day of hydrogen ions powers the catalytic movement of ATP synthase, which phosphorylates ADP, generating ATP. discern 1. The electron transport chain is a sequence of electron transporters embedded inside the internal mitochondrial membrane that shuttles electrons from NADH and FADH2 to molecular oxygen.
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researchers found that epileptics with severe seizures experienced the greatest relief when surgery was performed on which brain structure? ap psych
The answer is temporal lobes.
What is epilepsy?
The neurological condition epilepsy is characterised by aberrant brain activity that results in seizures or episodes of strange behaviour, sensations, and occasionally loss of awareness.
The parts of the brain that cause seizures to occur most frequently are the temporal lobes. In epilepsy, the mesial region (middle) of both temporal lobes is crucial because it commonly serves as the site of seizures and is vulnerable to injury or scarring.
The most frequent form of epilepsy surgery is a temporal lobectomy, which involves removing one of the temporal lobes.
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during meiosis ii in sperm development a. primary spermatocytes divide meiotically to form diploid secondary spermatocytes. b. sperm and oocyte meet and merge. c. secondary spermatocytes divide meiotically to form haploid spermatids. d. spermatids divide meiotically to form haploid spermatozoa.
The right response is c. Secondary spermatocytes meiosisally divide to produce haploid spermatids.
In biology, what are spermatocytes?Following the mitotic cell phase of spermatogenesis, spermatozoa with half the chromosomal complement of the original precursor cells will be produced from spermatocytes, which are cells derived from the final spermatogonial division (B spermatogonia).
A spermatocyte is what type of cell?Animal male gametocytes include spermatocytes. They come from spermatogonia, which are immature germ cells. The seminiferous tubules, a part of the testis, are where they are located. Primary & secondary spermatocytes are the two different types of spermatocytes.
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Primary endosymbiosis led to the origin of some chloroplasts. This process occurred when a __________ engulfed a _____________.
This process occurred when a eukaryotic cell engulfed an aerobic prokaryote.
What is Primary endosymbiosis?
Endosymbionts are the prokaryotic cells that live within a eukaryoric cells. Endosymbiosis is a term referring to two organisms living together with one organism inside the other.
Primary endosymbiosis is the prokaryotes original internalization, by an ancestral eukaryote which results in the formation of chloroplasts and mitochondria.
Chloroplasts mostly evolved when a mitochondria containing eukaryotic cell engulfed a photosynthetic cyanobacteria. Chloroplasts evolving from primary endosymbiosis have two sets of cell membranes that surround them. One membrane is from the host cell and the other is from the endosymbiont. Primary endosymbiosis derives chloroplasts from red and green algae.
Therefore, Primary endosymbiosis occurred when a eukaryotic cell engulfed an aerobic prokaryote.
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in the primary structure, proteins are arranged linearly and joined by peptide bonds. what can be found at the ends of this polypeptide chain?
Amino acids can be found at the ends of the polypeptide chain.
What is the polypeptide chain?
The peptide chain is considered to hаve pаrtiаl chаrаcteristics of а double bond. It is shorter аnd rigid thаn а typicаl single covаlent bond. This rigid chаrаcteristic of the peptide bond prevents the free rotаtion of groups аround it.
In а peptide chаin, only the terminаl cаrboxylic аnd аmino groups аnd the groups present in the side chаins of аmino аcids cаn аccept or releаse electrons аt the physiologic pH of our body. The peptide chаin formed аs а result of peptide bonds hаve а free аmino group аt one end аnd а free cаrboxylic group аt the other end. These ends аre known аs N-terminаl аnd C-terminаl respectively.
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To repair a thymine dimmer by nucleotide excision repair, in which order do the necessary enzymes act?.
Answer:
endonuclease, DNA polymerase I, DNA ligase
Explanation:
As of 2014, __________ is the largest contributor of total u. S. Greenhouse gas emissions.
Answer:
Electricity
Explanation:
30% of greenhouse gas sources is electricity (and heat which is relatively similar but I think electricity is correct)
Anton uses 2/3 cup of grapes and 1/2 cup of strawberries. What is the total amount of fruit Anton uses?
Group of answer choices
2/6 cup
4/6 cup
1 cup
1 1/6 cup
Answer:
1 1/6 so D is your answer
Explanation:
i hope this helps =)
Answer: The total amount of fruit Anton uses is 1 1/6.
Explanation: 2/3 x2/2= 4/6 and 1/2 X3/3= 3/6 you add both 4/6 and 3/6 and you get 7/6 which is a improper fraction that breaks down further into 1 1/6 which is a mixed fraction.
Explain how two samples can produce identical dna fingerprints. Be sure to include the use of restriction enzymes and how they relate to dna nucleotide sequences in your explanation.
In order to cut the DNA samples at the same location along the strand, the same restriction enzyme would need to locate the same palindromic sequence.
What connection may DNA fingerprinting and restriction enzyme make?By initially breaking down a DNA sample using a restriction enzyme, a DNA fingerprint is produced. Usually palindromes, restriction enzymes can detect highly precise DNA sequences (like 5'-GAATTC-3'). Palindromic sequences make it possible to identify the identical sequence on both strands of DNA.
One DNA fingerprint shared by two people is possible.No two people have ever been discovered to have the same fingerprints, including identical twins, according to the National Forensic Science Technology Center. Keep in mind that your own fingerprints differ from finger to finger, which means you have unique print on each finger.
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The physiological reaction we feel when we experience fear is due to the activity of the ____ nervous system.
Answer: Sympathetic
Explanation:
The sympathetic nervous system is best known for its role in responding to dangerous or stressful situations.
each caribbean island has different species that look the same because they live on the ground
Different species that appear the same because they inhabit the ground can be found on every Caribbean island (29556459).
How did the evolution of lizard species with comparable body types on several islands?According to one theory, each variety of anole evolved on one of the islands before migrating to the others, where they discovered habitats that were comparable. Over time, they speciated while maintaining the same body form.
How do the various anole species on an island show?On an island, distinct anole species would exhibit "resource partitioning" by segregating to various geological niches. Anoles with short legs, for instance, would relocate to areas with thin twigs, but those with long legs would either live on the ground or at the tops of trees.
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Which of the following statements explains the importance of fungi to producers?
The statements explains the importance of fungi to producers is that they synthesize glucose and sucrose for producers to use as an energy source for growth and development.
What are the characteristics of fungi?
The characteristics of fungi are mentioned below:
Zygomycetes produce large spore-bearing bodies commonly called mushrooms.The chytrids are well-known as terrestrial fungi mutualistic with photosynthetic algae or cyanobacteria. The smallest part of a fungus body is typically the mycelium. Fungi are important decomposers, with many fungi able to decompose lignin in wood.As we know that Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that are non motile and non vascular. They reproduce by spores. They have cell walls made up of chitins,some are unicellular while some of muiticellular i.e they form hypae. They are heterotrophic or non photosynthetic.
Therefore, The statements explains the importance of fungi to producers is that they synthesize glucose and sucrose for producers to use as an energy source for growth and development.
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select all that are categories of neurotransmitters based on chemical composition. multiple select question. amino acids sterols monoamines neuropeptides acetylcholine glycoproteins
The categories of neurotransmitters based on chemical composition are: acetylcholine, neuropeptides, monoamines, and amino acids.
What are neurotransmitters?Neurotransmitters are substances produced by neurons that will allow them to communicate with other neurons or with other tissues, and send them a message or neurotransmission.
They are synthesized in the soma of the neuron and will go to the synaptic endings to be released in the synaptic cleft and bind to their receptors in the target organ or neuron to generate a reaction.
Within the best-known neurotransmitters, we have acetylcholine, norepinephrine, glutamate, and serotonin, among others. As a result, we can confirm that the chemical composition of neurotransmitters.
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A tax on imported goods is called a _____________________ .
*
1 point
embargo
tariff
debt
Answer:
Tariff
Explanation: a Tariff is a tax levied by governments on the value including freight and insurance of imported products.
