in the diagram to the right, point a provides the _____, point b the _____, and point c the _____.
A. equilibrium price, surplus or shortage; equilibrium quantity B. market clearing price, equilibrium point, shortage C. equilibrium pice, market equilibrium; surplus D. equilibrium price, market equilibrium, equlibium quantity
Answers
The correct option is D. equilibrium price, market equilibrium, equilibrium quantity. In the diagram to the right, point a provides the equilibrium price, point b the market equilibrium, and point c the equilibrium quantity.
In the given diagram, point a represents the equilibrium price, which is the price at which the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied in the market. Point b represents the market equilibrium, which is the point where the demand and supply curves intersect. At this point, there is no surplus or shortage in the market. Finally, point c represents the equilibrium quantity, which is the quantity that is bought and sold in the market at the equilibrium price. In summary, point a represents the price, point b represents the market equilibrium, and point c represents the quantity at the equilibrium price.
The complete question is
In the diagram to the right, point a provides the _____, point b the _____, and point c the _____.
A. equilibrium price, surplus or shortage; equilibrium quantity B. market clearing price, equilibrium point, shortage C. equilibrium price, market equilibrium; surplus D. equilibrium price, market equilibrium, equilibrium quantity . The diagram is as under
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Related Questions
How portfolio management service is useful? (400
words)
Answers
Portfolio management services are beneficial to both individuals and businesses with investment portfolios. Portfolio management services aid investors in achieving their long-term financial goals by providing them with an investment strategy that is tailored to their needs and objectives.
Portfolio managers assist investors in the selection of investments, monitoring their investments on a regular basis, and making investment decisions on their behalf. They aid in the development of a diversified investment portfolio, which reduces investment risk while still generating returns.
Professional portfolio management is a valuable service for investors who require assistance in making investment decisions. A portfolio manager may be able to assess an investor's investment objectives, risk tolerance, and time horizon, among other things, to create a personalized investment plan.
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the phases of the life course that the government has had the greatest impact on are
Answers
The government has had the greatest impact on three phases of the life course: infancy, childhood, and old age.
Infancy, the first phase of life, is a period where individuals are entirely reliant on others for their survival. Governments play a crucial role during this phase by providing healthcare services, immunizations, and infant care programs. These initiatives are aimed at safeguarding the health and well-being of infants and ensuring their survival.
Childhood, the second phase of life, is characterized by growth and development. Governments have had a significant impact on childhood by offering various services such as education, child protection programs, healthcare provisions, and other essential resources. These interventions are designed to support children in their physical, emotional, and cognitive development, enabling them to thrive and reach their full potential.
Old age, the third phase of life, brings about a decline in physical and cognitive abilities. During this phase, governments have a profound impact on the lives of the elderly by providing healthcare services, pensions, and other social programs. These initiatives aim to address the specific needs of the elderly population, ensuring their well-being and quality of life during their later years.
In conclusion, the government plays a pivotal role in different phases of the life course, particularly in infancy, childhood, and old age. By providing essential services and support, governments strive to promote the welfare and enhance the experiences of individuals throughout these critical stages of life.
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A computer costs $600 in the United States. The same model costs €515 in France. If purchasing power parity holds, what is the spot exchange rate between the euro and the dollar? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places
Answers
Purchasing power parity (PPP) is a theory that explains why identical goods have different prices in various countries due to currency differences.
A computer in the United States costs $600, while the same model in France costs €515.
We must establish the spot exchange rate between the euro and the dollar using the PPP theory.
A purchasing power parity determines the exchange rate between two currencies based on the price of a similar basket of goods in each country. It shows the relative value of a currency based on what it can buy.
A computer costs $600 in the United States.
The same model costs €515 in France. Suppose the PPP theory holds; then, the two prices should be equivalent, and we can use the given prices to estimate the spot exchange rate between the dollar and the euro.
$600 = €515
To get the spot exchange rate, we should divide the dollar cost by the euro cost:
$600 / €515 = $1.1650 per €1 (spot exchange rate)
So the spot exchange rate between the euro and the dollar is $1.1650 per €1.
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Suppose grapefruits have a price elasticity of 4. This means that for every 4% increase in quantity demanded, the price must have decreased by:
Answers
If grapefruits have a price elasticity of 4, it means that for every 4% increase in quantity demanded, the price must have decreased by 1%. Price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to changes in price.
Price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to changes in price. A price elasticity of 4 indicates that demand is relatively elastic, meaning that a small change in price leads to a proportionally larger change in quantity demanded.
Using the formula for price elasticity of demand:
Elasticity = (% Change in Quantity Demanded) / (% Change in Price)
We know that the elasticity is 4, so:
4 = (% Change in Quantity Demanded) / (% Change in Price)
Rearranging the formula, we find that:
(% Change in Price) = (% Change in Quantity Demanded) / 4
Therefore, for every 4% increase in quantity demanded, the price must have decreased by 1%. This inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded is characteristic of elastic goods, where consumers are highly responsive to price changes.
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Which of the following are some concerns expressed by these observers about large firms? Select all that apply.
That they bring about greater income inequality.
That they charge consumers exorbitant prices.
That they have an outsized political influence.
That they make it hard for smaller firms to compete.
Answers
The concerns expressed by observers about large firms are: Greater income inequality: One of the main concerns expressed by the observer about large firms is that they bring about greater income inequality.
Large companies generally have a lot of wealth, and the people who work for these companies earn a lot more than people who work for smaller companies.
Charging consumers exorbitant prices: Another concern expressed by observers about large firms is that they charge consumers exorbitant prices.
Large companies have a lot of power in the marketplace, and they can sometimes take advantage of consumers by charging them more than they should. Outsized political influence:
Large companies have a lot of resources, and they can use their power to influence politicians and shape public policy in ways that benefit them.
Making it hard for smaller firms to compete: Finally, another concern expressed by observers about large firms is that they make it hard for smaller firms to compete.
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The _____ phase is a great time to use testimonials showing potential buyers that they are joining leaders in other firms who are using the product
presentation
Answers
The presentation phase is a great time to use testimonials showing potential buyers that they are joining leaders in other firms who are using the product.
During the presentation phase of a sales process, the salesperson has the opportunity to showcase the product or service to potential buyers. This is an ideal time to leverage testimonials from satisfied customers who are considered leaders in their respective firms. Testimonials provide social proof and can instill confidence in potential buyers by demonstrating that reputable and successful companies have already adopted and benefited from the product. By highlighting these testimonials, the salesperson can create a sense of trust and credibility, making it more likely for potential buyers to perceive the product as valuable and consider making a purchase.
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Select a motivational theory from Chapter 5 (Needs and Process Theories of Motivation) in the textbook that best describes your personal motivation in your career. Select from the following theories:
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Alderfer’s ERG Theory
McClelland’s Manifest Needs Theory
Lawrence & Nohria’s Emotional Drives or Needs Theory
Vroom’s Expectancy Theory
Locke & Latham’s Goal-Setting Theory
Then, address the following:
Why does this theory best fit your style and approach?
Explain why the other theories do not fit your approach to motivation (two to three sentences for each theory will suffice).
How does your theory relate to your personality?
Answers
The motivational theory that best describes personal motivation in one's career is the Vroom's Expectancy Theory. This theory best fits the style and approach of a person's personal motivation in a career.
According to this theory, employees' motivation is based on three principles. They are Expectancy, Instrumentality, and Valence.Alderfer’s ERG Theory: This theory doesn't fit a person's approach to motivation because it is similar to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory.
Mc Clelland’s Manifest Needs Theory: This theory doesn't fit a person's approach to motivation because it focuses on three needs such as affiliation, power, and achievement. It doesn't show how these needs are connected to a person's motivation in the workplace.Lawrence & Nohria’s Emotional Drives or Needs Theory: This theory doesn't fit a person's approach to motivation because it focuses on four emotional drives such as the drive to acquire, bond, learn, and defend.
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Liam is deciding whether to buy a $5 sandwich at the nearby café or line up at the sushi store where they’re giving away free salmon sushi for the first 120 customers.
This is not a Microeconomic decision because the salmon sushi does not have any monetary value. The sandwich and salmon sushi are both considered scarce goods. Salmon sushi can sometimes be scarce. Which of the above statements are true?
Only 1 is true.
Only 2 is true.
Only 3 is true.
Both 1 and 2 are true.
Both 1 and 3 are true.
Answers
The correct option is Both 1 and 3 are true.Explanation:Microeconomics is the study of how individuals, households, and businesses make decisions on how to allocate resources, known as the allocation of goods and services. T
The decision is based on scarcity; both goods are limited in quantity.The statement "the sandwich and salmon sushi are both considered scarce goods" is accurate. This is because the cafe and the sushi store have limited quantities of both goods to offer their customers.
The statement "this is not a microeconomic decision because the salmon sushi does not have any monetary value" is correct. Monetary value is not the only factor to consider when determining whether a decision is microeconomic or not. The scarcity of the goods is the crucial factor.
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2. Suppose you were assigned to write the job description of a mortgage funder for a particular bank in Toronto. Give at least 2 methods with concrete details to collect job analysis data and information. Identify a bank you know in Toronto which has used a similar approach.
Answers
In order to write the job description of a mortgage funder for a particular bank in Toronto, the following methods can be used to collect job analysis data and information.Method 1: ObservationsObservation involves studying and recording the actions of individuals performing their jobs. It is a useful tool for gathering data about the job of a mortgage funder.
The following details can be observed: The amount of time funder spends on each task, the duties of a mortgage funder, their responsibilities, and their tasks. One of the banks in Toronto that used a similar approach is RBC Royal Bank.Method 2: InterviewsThe second method of collecting data about the job of a mortgage funder is interviews.
Interview questions can be asked of the individual holding the position or their supervisor, or they can be asked of the stakeholders who interact with the mortgage funder on a daily basis. Interview questions may be about the tasks that the funder completes, their skills, their level of authority, and the quality of their work.
The bank which used a similar approach is Scotiabank.In conclusion, banks such as RBC Royal Bank and Scotiabank in Toronto use observations and interviews as methods of collecting job analysis data and information. These methods help to write the job description of a mortgage funder for a particular bank in Toronto.
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1. a) Use market analysis techniques to research the target market for your own product.
b) Interpret the findings of your market research and market analysis
c) Present your findings to the marketing team.
Use market analysis technique to make informed product decision that you hope the company will agree with.
Use appropriate technology to present finding of market research and analysis.
Answers
Market analysis is a crucial step in understanding the target market for your product. It involves researching and gathering data to gain insights into customer preferences, demographics, purchasing behavior, and competitors. Here's how you can approach the process:
a) Start by conducting primary and secondary research. Primary research involves gathering firsthand information through surveys, interviews, or focus groups. Secondary research involves analyzing existing data from market reports, industry publications, and online sources. Collect data on factors like customer needs, market size, growth trends, and competitive landscape.
b) Once you have gathered the data, interpret the findings to gain meaningful insights. Analyze the market trends, customer preferences, and competitor strategies. Look for patterns and correlations in the data to understand the market demand for your product. Identify any gaps or opportunities that can be capitalized on. For example, you can use statistical techniques like regression analysis to understand the relationship between variables.
c) Prepare a detailed presentation of your findings for the marketing team. Utilize appropriate technology, such as presentation software, to create visually appealing slides. Include graphs, charts, and tables to illustrate the data effectively. Present your findings in a structured manner, highlighting the key insights and recommendations based on the market analysis. Emphasize the potential market size, target audience, and competitive advantages of your product. Use clear language and visuals to make the presentation engaging and easy to understand.
By using market analysis techniques and presenting your findings to the marketing team, you can make informed product decisions backed by data. This increases the chances of gaining support and agreement from the company.
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Which of the following is NOT correct regarding the status of U.S. Iabor unions? Greater domestic and global competition has had a part in bringing about a decline in unions. Global trade has increased the number of union members in the United States. Today fewer than one in eight workers is a union member. A key reason for the decline in union membership is the relative decline in manufacturing jobs as a share of total employment. QUESTION 5 Temporary or permanent workers hired to replace striking union workers are known as strikeaiders. backbreakers. strikebreakers. rationers.
Answers
Temporary or permanent workers hired to replace striking union workers are known as strikebreakers, which is the correct option.
A strikebreaker refers to an individual who is employed by a corporation or company to substitute for a union employee who is on strike. The primary aim of employing these workers is to keep the business running during a strike. It can include permanent or temporary workers who are employed during the strike to ensure that the work is still being done while union employees are not working. As they are brought in to break up a strike, they are known as strikebreakers.
The other options mentioned in the question are related to the decline in unions. Global trade has increased the number of union members in the United States is a false statement, while greater domestic and global competition has had a part in bringing about a decline in unions and a key reason for the decline in union membership is the relative decline in manufacturing jobs as a share of total employment are both true statements regarding the status of U.S. labor unions.
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Some employees of a certain manufacturing plant habitually misplaced and misused tools so often that the company estimated that it cost them some $750,000 each year in time lost locating missing tools and in monies spent replacing misplaced and stolen ones. Finally, the company hired a tool management expert who intends to implement a computerized tool inventory control system in the plant. If the new system and its installation and associated initial training cost the company $1.25 million and the new manager’s annual salary and benefits was another $165,000, determine the following if the expected annual savings from the system is $110,000 and it costs another $12,000 to service the system:
How long it will take the company to regain the expenses made on the new equipment or see return on its investment.
P = I/(S-E)
P = # of years for pay back
I = Investment in system
S = Savings in system
E = Cost of servicing the system
How much annual profit would eventually come from the system if the manager later discovered that it would still cost the company another $100,000 annually to train employees on using the system in order to avoid the old losses?
Discuss in detail what types of training this manager should implement to make this plan work as expected.
After some years, the manager discovered that the number of delinquencies in tool returns gradually went down to a point where the company could reduce its annual training cost by 50%. Determine the new annual savings for this company.
Was this new system a good investment or not? Explain your answer.
Tip: Justifying an inventory system is performed using this model:
P = I/(S-E)
P = # of years for pay back
I = Investment in system
S = Savings in system
E = Cost of servicing the system
Answers
To calculate the payback period and assess the profitability of the new tool inventory control system, let's use the provided formula:
P = I / (S - E)
Where:
P = Number of years for payback
I = Investment in the system
S = Savings from the system
E = Cost of servicing the system
Given values:
I = $1,250,000 (initial investment in the system)
S = $110,000 (expected annual savings from the system)
E = $12,000 (annual cost of servicing the system)
Payback Period (P):
P = $1,250,000 / ($110,000 - $12,000)
P ≈ 11.67 years
Therefore, it will take approximately 11.67 years for the company to recoup its investment and see a return on its investment.
Annual Profit:
To calculate the annual profit from the system, we need to consider the additional annual training cost of $100,000.
Annual Profit = Savings from the system - Cost of servicing the system - Additional training cost
Annual Profit = $110,000 - $12,000 - $100,000
Annual Profit = -$2,000 (negative value indicates a loss)
The annual profit from the system, considering the additional training cost, would be -$2,000. This indicates that the company would incur a small annual loss due to the system.
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Develop a SWOT analysis for Costco Wholesale company. Include a
plan to address the weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to
create (or maintain) a competitive advantage in a global
market.
Answers
Costco Wholesale Company is an American multinational corporation that operates in retail. The company is a membership-only warehouse club that provides a wide variety of merchandise in bulk.
Below is a SWOT analysis of the company.
Strengths· Economies of scale.· Strong brand name.· The company has a unique membership business model.· Cost leadership strategy.Weaknesses· The company has fewer stores compared to its competitors.·
Membership fees are high compared to its competitors.· Lack of e-commerce platform.Opportunities· Global expansion.· Diversification.· Technological advancements.Threats· Intense competition from rivals such as Walmart, Target, Amazon, etc.· Price wars.·
External factors such as economic changes, natural calamities, etc.To address the weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to create or maintain a competitive advantage in a global market, Costco can take the following steps:
1. Increase the number of stores to counter its competitors' larger stores' advantage.
2. Lower membership fees to match its competitors.
3. Create an e-commerce platform to enable online sales.
4. Diversify its business to reduce the reliance on one particular product line.
5. Use technology to enhance customer experience such as digitalization of in-store operations.
6. Expand its market globally by opening stores in other countries.
7. Emphasize quality over price.
8. Collaborate with suppliers to reduce costs and increase efficiency.
9. Use market research to understand customers' changing needs.
10. Keep pace with technological advancements in the industry.
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Consider a one-year project in which you must invest £132m today and expect to receive a payout of £145m towards the end of the project which is set to be completed within one-year. The CAPM equation holds within this economy. If the risk-free rate is 2.5% and the expected market return is 7%, what might be the the highest possible project beta before the NPV of the project becomes negative?
Answers
NPV (Net Present Value) is an approach that determines the total sum of cash inflows over the years, discounted back to the current year with the help of a discount rate. In case the cash inflows are more than the outflows, then the net present value will be positive, which implies that the project is worth investing in.
CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model) is a financial model that provides the expected return from an investment. It can be given by the following formula;
E(Ri) = Rf + βi(E(Rm) − Rf)
whereE(Ri) = Expected return of the asseti
Rf = Risk-free rate of return
βi = Beta coefficient
E(Rm) = Expected return of the market
Expected market return = 7%
First, we have to calculate the required rate of return.
Required rate of return [tex]= Rf + βi(E(Rm) - Rf)2.5% + βi(7% - 2.5%) = 5%βi = (5% - 2.5%) / 7% - 2.5%βi = 0.83[/tex]
Using the formula of NPV, we can calculate the NPV at various beta coefficients.
At beta = 0.83, the NPV is zero.
NPV[tex]= -£132m + £145m/(1+5%) = £132m - £138m = -£6m.[/tex]
The project NPV becomes negative when the beta is greater than 0.83 and hence the highest possible project beta before the NPV becomes negative is 0.83.
Thus, the highest possible project beta before the NPV of the project becomes negative is 0.83.
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State whether following constitute a contract of bailment under the contract Act 1872?
a) Seizure of goods by custom authorities?
b) Amjad parks his car at parking lot, locks it and keeps keys with himself
Answers
A bailment is a legal term that refers to the transfer of possession of personal property, or chattels, from one person to another for some specific purpose.
The Indian Contract Act, 1872 defines a bailment as the delivery of goods by one person to another for some specific purpose, upon a contract that they shall, when the purpose is accomplished, be returned or disposed of according to the directions of the person delivering them (the bailor).
Now, let's analyze whether the following cases are bailments or not:a) Seizure of goods by custom authorities.
It is not considered a contract of bailment under the Contract Act of 1872.
It occurs as a result of a statutory right, and there is no specific purpose involved in it.
When goods are confiscated by a statutory authority, they do not have the consent of the original owner.
Thus, the seizure of goods by custom authorities cannot be considered a bailment.b) Amjad parks his car at the parking lot, locks it, and keeps the keys with himself.
Yes, it can be considered a contract of bailment.
When Amjad parks his car at a parking lot, he temporarily transfers his vehicle's possession to the parking lot's owner.
The car is parked for a specific purpose (to keep it safe and secure), and there is an implied agreement between the owner of the parking lot and Amjad that the car will be kept safely.
Therefore, Amjad's parking of his car at the parking lot is a clear instance of bailment.
Bailment is of two types, namely, Gratuitous Bailment and Bailment for reward.
Gratuitous Bailment is when the bailee gets no remuneration for their services, and Bailment for reward is when the bailee receives a payment for the services they provide.
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What social, political, and/or economic factors led to the
Mexican American War
Answers
The Mexican-American War was initiated by social, political, and economic factors that led to the intensification of tensions between the United States and Mexico. Among the primary reasons were Manifest Destiny, Slavery, land disputes, and US expansionism.
1. Social factors:The annexation of Texas and the subsequent establishment of slavery fueled a bitter dispute between the United States and Mexico. This was due to the social changes caused by the Texas revolution, which resulted in an influx of Anglo settlers into Mexican-held lands.
2. Political factors:Manifest Destiny, which was the belief that Americans were divinely destined to expand westward, contributed to the war. Additionally, the Polk administration used the border conflict between Texas and Mexico to justify military intervention, ultimately resulting in the Mexican-American War.
3. Economic factors:Economic factors were also critical in driving the war. Both Mexico and the United States had competing interests in California, which was vital to the US economy. Mexico's agrarian economy was also seen as a source of new markets and raw materials for the United States, further fueling tensions.
Several social, political, and economic factors led to the Mexican-American War. The annexation of Texas and the subsequent establishment of slavery fueled a bitter dispute between the United States and Mexico.
This was due to the social changes caused by the Texas revolution, which resulted in an influx of Anglo settlers into Mexican-held lands. The annexation of Texas into the US was the major trigger of the war.
The US policy of Manifest Destiny, which was the belief that Americans were divinely destined to expand westward, contributed to the war. Additionally, the Polk administration used the border conflict between Texas and Mexico to justify military intervention, ultimately resulting in the Mexican-American War.
Economic factors were also critical in driving the war. Both Mexico and the United States had competing interests in California, which was vital to the US economy. Mexico's agrarian economy was also seen as a source of new markets and raw materials for the United States, further fueling tensions.
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mexican president porfirio diaz implemented liberal economic reforms that encouraged foreign capitalists to invest in the country, giving them control of what
Answers
Mexican President Porfirio Diaz implemented liberal economic reforms that encouraged foreign capitalists to invest in the country, giving them control of Railroads and oil fields.
Mexican President Porfirio Diaz implemented liberal economic reforms in the late 19th and early 20th centuries with the aim of modernizing and developing Mexico's economy. These reforms aimed to attract foreign capitalists and promote investment in the country. Diaz's government provided incentives and concessions to foreign investors, particularly in industries such as railroads and oil fields.
As a result, foreign capitalists gained significant control over these sectors, acquiring ownership and influence over strategic resources and infrastructure. While these reforms did bring some economic development and modernization, they also led to foreign dominance and exploitation of Mexico's natural resources, contributing to social inequalities and political tensions that eventually sparked the Mexican Revolution in 1910.
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why
do some companies/designers decide to use an online infographic
template?
Answers
Companies and designers may choose to use online infographic templates for several reasons:
Time Efficiency: Online infographic templates provide a ready-made design structure that can be easily customized with specific content and data. This saves time as companies and designers don't have to create the entire infographic from scratch. Templates offer pre-designed layouts, graphics, and icons, allowing them to quickly put together a visually appealing infographic without investing significant time in design.
Cost-effectiveness: Creating custom infographics can be expensive, especially when hiring professional designers. Online infographic templates often come at a fraction of the cost, or even for free, compared to custom designs. This makes them a cost-effective option for companies with limited budgets or those who require infographics for one-time use.
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Carla Vista Company begins operations on July 1,2022. Information from job cost sheets shows the following:
Manufacturing Costs Assigned
Job No.
July
August
September
100
$11.520
$8,448
101
10,368
9,312
102
4,800
103
11.328
104
5.568
$11.520
5.760
6,720
Job 102 was completed in July. Job 100 was completed in August, and Jobs 101 and 103 were completed in September. Each job was sold for 60% above its cost in the month following completions
Answers
The manufacturing costs associated with each work must be added up in order to determine the price of each job and its cost. Job 100: The July manufacturing cost assignment came to $11,520.
We only take into account the expense incurred in July because the project was finished in August. Job 101: The July manufacturing cost assignment came to $10,368. $9,312 was the manufacturing cost budgeted for August. Since the work was finished in September, we take both the costs from July and August into account. Job 102: The July manufacturing cost assignment was $4,800. Since the work was finished in July, we simply take that month's expenses into account. Job 103: The July manufacturing cost allocation was $11,328. We only take into account the money incurred in July because the work was finished in September. Job 104: $5,568 was the manufacturing cost awarded in September. Since the work was finished in September, we only take that month's expenses into account. Let's now figure up the overall expense and the selling price for each job. Job 100: $11,520 in total expenses Selling Price: $11,520 plus ($1,520 * 60%) to get $18,432 Job 101: The total cost is $10,368 plus $9,312 and the selling price is $19,680 plus 60% of that amount, or $31,488. Work Order No. 102: Total Cost: $4,800 Selling Price: $4,800 + (60% * $4,800) = $7,680 Work Order 103: Total Cost: $11,328 Selling Price: $11,328 + (60% * $11,328) = $18,124.80 Task 104: Total Cost: $5,568 Selling Price: $5,568 + (60% * $5,568) = $8,908.80 The selling prices are therefore $18,432, $31,488, $7,680, $18,124.80, and $8,908.80 for Jobs 100, 101, 102, 103, and 104, respectively. These prices are 60% more than what each job would normally cost.
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conducted research on basic principles of operant behavior that laid the foundation for behavior modification.
Answers
B.F. Skinner is the researcher who conducted research on the basic principles of operant behavior that laid the foundation for behavior modification.
B.F. Skinner was an American psychologist and behaviorist who made significant contributions to the understanding of operant conditioning, a type of learning in which behavior is shaped by the consequences that follow it. Skinner's research focused on the relationship between behavior and its consequences, emphasizing the role of reinforcement and punishment in shaping and modifying behavior.
Skinner's experiments with animals, particularly pigeons, and rats, demonstrated how behaviors can be reinforced or extinguished through carefully designed reinforcement schedules. He developed the concept of operant conditioning, which emphasizes the importance of reinforcement and punishment in shaping voluntary behavior.
Skinner's work laid the foundation for behavior modification, a therapeutic approach that utilizes the principles of operant conditioning to change maladaptive behaviors and promote desirable behaviors. Behavior modification techniques are widely applied in various fields, including education, clinical psychology, and organizational behavior management.
Overall, Skinner's research on the basic principles of operant behavior provided valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying behavior change and has had a lasting impact on the field of behavior modification.
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What is your favorite consumption? Analyze your behavior in buying, using, and disposing of it using theories provided in this chapter. How often do you consume it and why don't you consume more than that?
Answers
As an AI language model, I do not have preferences for any consumption. However, I can provide an example of analyzing behavior in buying, using, and disposing of a product. Let's consider coffee, which is a popular consumption item globally.
People consume coffee for various reasons, including the stimulating effects of caffeine, the taste, or socializing with friends.Coffee consumption behavior can be analyzed using the following theories:Marketing theoryThe marketing theory states that consumers make purchasing decisions based on their perceived need for a product. Marketers influence this perception by creating awareness of the product and its benefits. In the case of coffee, consumers perceive the need for a stimulant to stay alert at work, study, or social events.
Marketers create advertisements that portray coffee as an energizing drink that boosts productivity and alertness. The advertisements also show coffee as a luxurious item consumed in social events.Consumption values theoryConsumption values theory explains that consumers' behavior is influenced by their beliefs, values, and attitudes. In the case of coffee, consumers' beliefs about the benefits of caffeine and the taste influence their consumption behavior.
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Pick one of the following topics associated with the cloud and research it accordingly. Your main post should describe how you would evaluate the cloud service as a business tool and customer benefit.
Focus on the following capabilities needed for a company that is just deciding to get into the cloud services world.
-Software as a Service (SaaS)
-Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
-Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Answers
Cloud computing has become one of the most important technological advancements in modern times. The cloud offers a range of business solutions that can be tailored to the needs of individual companies. SaaS, IaaS, and PaaS are all cloud services that can provide a range of benefits to companies.
SaaS (Software as a Service)
Software as a service (SaaS) is a cloud-based service that enables software applications to be accessed via the internet rather than being downloaded and installed on a user's computer. SaaS provides companies with a cost-effective solution for accessing software, and it eliminates the need for expensive hardware purchases and ongoing maintenance. The SaaS model offers several advantages for businesses, including a subscription-based pricing model, automatic software updates, and easy scalability. Companies evaluating SaaS solutions should consider factors such as the vendor's track record, data security, and support services.
IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) provides businesses with the ability to outsource their hardware needs to a cloud provider. This service allows companies to access computing resources such as servers, storage, and networking equipment through the internet. IaaS solutions provide companies with a high level of scalability, security, and reliability. When evaluating IaaS providers, businesses should consider factors such as data center locations, security protocols, and the provider's ability to handle peak usage periods.PaaS (Platform as a Service)Platform as a service (PaaS) provides businesses with a cloud-based platform that allows developers to create and deploy applications without having to worry about the underlying infrastructure. PaaS provides companies with a cost-effective solution for developing and deploying software applications. PaaS also offers several advantages for businesses, including increased collaboration, improved time to market, and enhanced security. When evaluating PaaS providers, businesses should consider factors such as platform flexibility, security, and support services.
In conclusion, SaaS, IaaS, and PaaS provide businesses with a range of benefits that can improve their operational efficiency and bottom line. Companies evaluating cloud services should consider factors such as vendor track record, data security, support services, and scalability when choosing a provider.
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Discuss why it might not be wise for a society to rely solely on the private sector to provide all goods and services in an economy.
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Society cannot rely solely on the private sector to provide all goods and services in an economy.
One reason why it might not be wise for a society to rely solely on the private sector to provide all goods and services in an economy is that the private sector operates primarily to make a profit, while the government is accountable for the well-being of all of its citizens.
The private sector is motivated by the possibility of profit and will operate in areas that promise the greatest return on investment.
The private sector's focus on profit means that certain goods and services may be neglected, leaving the government to step in and provide them to the public. In certain situations, the private sector may have no interest in providing essential goods or services because they do not believe they will make a profit.
The private sector is a critical component of a society's economy, but relying solely on the private sector to provide all goods and services has negative effects.
The government must guarantee that all essential goods and services are available to all citizens, whether they are profitable or not.
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Discuss 3 reasons of why EU countries have high volumes of
mutual trade flows
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The European Union has a single market, which allows for free trade and movement of goods and services. As a result, EU countries have high volumes of mutual trade flows.
The following are three reasons why EU countries have high volumes of mutual trade flows: Shared geographical proximity EU countries share a geographical proximity, and trade between them is aided by their close proximity. This proximity is one of the main reasons why the volume of mutual trade flows is high among EU countries. They have a better understanding of each other's market, trading laws and regulations
Shared trading policies The EU has common trading policies, which encourage member states to trade among themselves. By signing up for common trading policies, EU countries are bound by the same rules, regulations and standards. This has facilitated free trade among EU member states, which, in turn, has boosted mutual trade volumes.
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A company uses the following standard costs to produce a single unit of output.
Direct materials 7 pounds at $0.80 per pound = $ 5.60 Direct labor 0.6 hour at $10.00 per hour = $ 6.00 Manufacturing overhead 0.6 hour at $4.20 per hour = $ 2.52 During the latest month, the company purchased and used 67,000 pounds of direct materials at a price of $1.10 per pound to produce 10,000 units of output. Direct labor costs for the month totaled $54,340 based on 5,720 direct labor hours worked. Variable manufacturing overhead costs incurred totaled $22,200 and fixed manufacturing overhead incurred was $13,000. Based on this information, the total direct materials cost variance for the month was:
A. $17,700 unfavorable
B. $17,700 favorable
C. $20,100 favorable
D. $20,100 unfavorable
E. $2,400 favorable
Answers
The total direct materials cost variance for the month was $17,700 unfavorable. To calculate the total direct materials cost variance, we need to compare the standard cost with the actual cost of direct materials used.
The total direct materials cost variance for the month was $17,700 unfavorable. To calculate this variance, we need to compare the standard cost with the actual cost of direct materials used. The standard cost is the cost that the company expects to incur based on predetermined standards. In this case, the standard cost for direct materials is calculated by multiplying the quantity of direct materials (7 pounds) by the standard price per pound ($0.80).
For the actual cost, we multiply the quantity of direct materials purchased and used (67,000 pounds) by the actual price per pound ($1.10). The variance is then calculated by subtracting the standard cost from the actual cost. If the actual cost is higher than the standard cost, the variance is unfavorable. In this case, the actual cost of $73,700 is higher than the standard cost of $56,000, resulting in an unfavorable variance of $17,700. This indicates that the company spent more on direct materials than it had anticipated.
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Euro-Japanese YenA French firm is expecting to receive ¥10.4 million in 90 days as a result of an export sale to a Japanese semiconductor firm. What will it cost, in total, to purchase an option to sell the yen at ?0.007000 = ¥1.00 ? (See table for initial values.) The cost, in total, to purchase an option with a strike price of €0.007353= ¥1.00 (knowing that its spot rate is €0.007000=¥1.00 ) is €∃ ( . (Round to the nearest cent.)
Answers
The strike price of an option is defined as the price at which the owner of the option has the right to purchase or sell the underlying asset.
Let us first calculate the value of the option.
A French firm is expecting to receive 10.4 million in 90 days, as a result of an export sale to a Japanese semiconductor firm.
The option is for selling yen at ¥1.00 = 0.007353.
Given that the spot rate is 1.00 = €0.007000.
The option price can be calculated as follows:
Option price = (Strike price/spot rate) × size of the underlying asset
Option price = (0.007353/1.00) × 10.4 million
Option price = 76,241.84
The total cost of purchasing the option will be 76,241.84 (rounded to the nearest cent).
Thus, the required answer is 76,242.00 (more than 100 words and less than 120 words).
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Eurobonds are major debt instruments which a MNE uses to fund its activities. Critically evaluate key characteristics of these instruments AND analyze, giving examples, circumstances in which a MNE would favour the use of such instruments over direct bank borrowings.
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Eurobonds are major debt instruments which a MNE uses to fund its activities. They are long-term bonds, which are issued and traded outside the home country of the issuing firm.
The bonds are not denominated in the currency of the country in which they are issued. They provide multinational enterprises with a more affordable means of borrowing funds when compared to direct bank borrowings. In this post, we will critically evaluate the key characteristics of these instruments and analyze the circumstances in which a MNE would favor their use over direct bank borrowings.The following are the characteristics of eurobonds:-They are long-term bonds issued in a foreign country in a currency other than the one used in the issuing country.-They have no guarantee from the government of the issuing country or any other source.-They have an anonymous and flexible character.-The interest on these bonds is paid without withholding tax.-They can be easily transferred, unlike direct bank borrowings.-They provide borrowers with a more flexible method of obtaining funding than direct bank borrowings.
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Given the state of the economy and the causes of that
state—think back to earlier discussions about the current
economy—what should be the appropriate mix of fiscal and monetary
policy?
Answers
The appropriate mix of fiscal and monetary policy would depend on the specific conditions of the economy.
However, in general, a balanced approach is recommended, with fiscal policy focusing on targeted government spending to stimulate demand and promote economic growth, while monetary policy aims to control inflation and stabilize the financial system through interest rate adjustments and open market operations.
In a weak economy with low demand and high unemployment, expansionary fiscal policy can be effective. Increased government spending on infrastructure projects, education, or healthcare can boost employment, stimulate consumer spending, and drive economic growth. This can be complemented by accommodative monetary policy, with lower interest rates and open market purchases of government bonds, to provide liquidity and encourage borrowing and investment.
Conversely, in an overheating economy with high inflation, contractionary fiscal policy may be necessary. Government spending can be restrained, reducing demand and curbing inflationary pressures. Tightening monetary policy through higher interest rates and reducing the money supply can further control inflation and stabilize the economy.
The appropriate mix of fiscal and monetary policy should be flexible and responsive to changing economic conditions. It requires careful coordination and monitoring to achieve the desired outcomes of stable economic growth, low inflation, and a well-functioning financial system.
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A carpet store sells designer rugs at retail for $861.93. If a 50% markup based on cost is added, what is the cost (in $ ) of the designer rugs?
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A carpet store sells designer rugs at retail for $861.93. If a 50% markup based on cost is added, what is the cost (in $ ) of the designer rugs Retail price = $861.93Mark-up percent = 50%Mark-up price = (Mark-up percent/100) × Cost
Price with markup = Cost + Mark-up price= Cost + (Mark-up percent/100) × CostWe are given the retail price of designer rugs i.e. $861.93. The mark-up percent is given as 50%.
We need to calculate the cost of designer rugs.Let the cost of designer rugs be C.C + (50/100)C = $861.93 ⇒ C + 0.5C = $861.93⇒ 1.5C = $861.93⇒ C = $574.62Therefore, the cost of designer rugs is $574.62.
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Match me simple interest terms with their respective definitions.
1)The original amount borrowed.
2)The cost of the loan.
3)The annual percentage growth of the loan.
4)The term of the loan.
5)The amount due at the end of the term.
A)Maturity value
B)Rate
C)Time
D)Principal
E)Interest
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Simple interest refers to the interest that is charged only on the principal amount of the loan. The interest rate remains constant for the entire term of the loan.
The terms of simple interest and their respective definitions are given below.1. The original amount borrowed is known as Principal (D).2. The cost of the loan is known as Interest (E).3. The annual percentage growth of the loan is known as Rate (B).4. The term of the loan is known as Time (C).5. The amount due at the end of the term is known as Maturity Value (A).Hence, the correct match is:1) The original amount borrowed - Principal (D)2) The cost of the loan - Interest (E)3) The annual percentage growth of the loan - Rate (B)4) The term of the loan - Time (C)5) The amount due at the end of the term - Maturity value (A)
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