In addition to the disclosures found in audited annual financial statements, a Form 10-K and/or proxy statement may include several additional disclosures. Five examples of such disclosures are:
1. Management's Discussion and Analysis (MD&A)
2. Risk Factors
3. Executive Compensation
4. Corporate Governance Information
5. Shareholder Proposals and Voting Results
1. Management's Discussion and Analysis (MD&A): The MD&A section provides an analysis and explanation of the company's financial condition, results of operations, and future prospects. It includes discussions on key financial and non-financial performance indicators, business strategies, and risks.
2. Risk Factors: This section discloses the specific risks and uncertainties that could potentially impact the company's financial performance or future prospects. It covers a wide range of risks, including market risks, regulatory risks, competitive risks, and operational risks.
3. Executive Compensation: Companies are required to disclose detailed information about executive compensation, including the salaries, bonuses, stock options, and other benefits received by top executives. This disclosure aims to provide transparency and accountability regarding executive remuneration.
4. Corporate Governance Information: This disclosure provides information about the company's corporate governance structure, policies, and practices. It includes details about the composition of the board of directors, board committees, executive succession planning, and any significant changes in corporate governance practices.
5. Shareholder Proposals and Voting Results: The Form 10-K or proxy statement may include information on shareholder proposals and the outcomes of shareholder voting. This allows shareholders to understand the issues raised by other shareholders, the company's response to those proposals, and the results of the voting process.
These additional disclosures in a Form 10-K and/or proxy statement provide stakeholders with a broader understanding of the company's operations, risks, governance, and compensation practices, supplementing the information presented in the audited annual financial statements.
To know more about stock , click here-
brainly.com/question/26128641
#SPJ11
left justified schedule
The term "left justified schedule" refers to a type of formatting in which all the text or numbers in a schedule are aligned to the left side of the page or column.
This means that each entry in the schedule starts at the same position on the left side, creating a straight left margin. To better understand this concept, let's consider an example. Imagine you have a daily schedule with various tasks listed for each hour. In a left justified schedule, the start time of each task would be aligned to the left, and the descriptions or details of each task would follow in a straight line. For instance, a left justified schedule may look like this:
In this example, you can see that the start times of each task are aligned to the left, creating a left margin. This formatting makes it easier to read and understand the schedule, as it provides a consistent structure. In summary, a left justified schedule is a formatting style where all entries in a schedule are aligned to the left, creating a straight left margin. This formatting enhances readability and consistency in presenting information.
To know more about aligned visit:
https://brainly.com/question/14396315
#SPJ11
What is "sustainable growth" and how does it relate to
traditional and conscious capitalism?
Is this concept important? Why? Why not?
Sustainable growth is an economic development model that is both environmentally sustainable and socially responsible. It emphasizes responsible use of natural resources, the reduction of carbon emissions, and the creation of environmentally friendly products and services.
Sustainable growth's objective is to provide long-term development prospects by investing in businesses that take environmental and social considerations into account as part of their decision-making processes. Sustainable growth is critical for the continuation of healthy economic development in the future. Conscious capitalism, like sustainable growth, is a concept that values the environment and social welfare over pure financial profit. It's a business model in which organizations focus on more than just profit-making and seek to have a positive impact on the world by encouraging corporate social responsibility.
In short, the concept of sustainable growth is essential because it promotes responsible economic development that contributes to long-term environmental and social sustainability. By utilizing this model, businesses can remain competitive in a changing world while also meeting the needs of consumers who are becoming more environmentally and socially conscious.
To know more about economic visit:
https://brainly.com/question/32861646
#SPJ11
The reverse treasury stock method is used for a. convertible preferred shares. b. written put options. c. written call options. d. convertible bonds.
The reverse treasury stock method is used for convertible bonds. The Reverse Treasury Stock method is a method for calculating diluted earnings per share. Diluted EPS assumes that all possible dilutive securities, such as stock options, convertible preferred shares, and convertible bonds, have been converted into common shares.
To avoid overstating the amount of common shares that would be outstanding, the treasury stock method is used to calculate the diluted EPS. The treasury stock method treats the proceeds from the conversion of convertible securities as if they were used to buy back common stock at the current market price.
Therefore, the treasury stock method is used to estimate the dilutive effects of convertible securities that are out of the money. Hence, the correct option is D, Convertible bonds.
To know more about convertible visit:
https://brainly.com/question/33168599
#SPJ11
orrect? The total cost curve is an upward-sloping straight ine through the origin The averege cost curve is U-shaped The trarginal cost curve is a horizontal straight line The marginal cost curve inlersects the average coat curve at ts mirimum point
The given statement is incorrect. The marginal cost curve intersects the average cost curve at its minimum point. The total cost curve is an upward-sloping curve through the origin.
The average cost curve is U-shaped, and the marginal cost curve is a U-shaped curve that intersects the average cost curve at its minimum point. This is known as the law of diminishing returns.The statement, "The marginal cost curve inlersects the average coat curve at ts mirimum point," is incorrect.The marginal cost curve is a U-shaped curve that intersects the average cost curve at its minimum point.
This is the law of diminishing returns. When the marginal cost curve is below the average cost curve, the average cost curve falls. When the marginal cost curve is above the average cost curve, the average cost curve rises.The total cost curve is an upward-sloping curve that starts at the origin.
To know more about marginal visit:
https://brainly.com/question/32248430
#SPJ11
a $5,000 1 week 100 percent complete, $4,000 b $8,500 1 week 100 percent complete, $8,500 c $15,000 2 weeks 100 percent complete, $14,000 d $10,000 2 weeks 50 percent complete, $9,000 e $12,000 3 weeks 50 percent complete, $12,000 brewer, jeffrey l.; dittman, kevin c.. methods of it project management (p. 625). purdue university press. kindle edition.
The given information represents a list of IT projects along with their duration, completion percentage, and costs. Let's break down the information to understand it better:
$5,000, 1 week, 100% complete. This project cost $5,000 and was completed within 1 week. It is marked as 100% complete. $8,500, 1 week, 100% complete.This project cost $8,500 and was also completed within 1 week. It is also marked as 100% complete.$15,000, 2 weeks, 100% complete.This project cost $15,000 and took 2 weeks to complete. It is marked as 100% complete. $10,000, 2 weeks, 50% complete. This project cost $10,000 and had a duration of 2 weeks.
However, it was only 50% complete. $12,000, 3 weeks, 50% complete.This project cost $12,000 and lasted for 3 weeks. Similar to the previous project, it was also only 50% complete.These details provide information about the costs, durations, and completion percentages of different IT projects. It seems like the completion percentages are indicating the progress made towards finishing each project. The costs mentioned are the total expenses associated with each project.
To know more about percentage visit:
https://brainly.com/question/32197511
#SPJ11
Define, compare, and contrast a Patent, a Copyright, and a
Trademark. How does doing business in countries with a high
corruption index affect any of these concepts? Explain.
Define and explain each
Patent, Copyright, and Trademark are the three most common types of intellectual property rights that help safeguard the creations of people's minds and prevent them from being exploited by others without permission.
Patent is a set of exclusive rights granted to an inventor for a limited period of time in return for the public disclosure of an invention. It is a legal document that provides protection for the unique and original invention or design from unauthorized use.
Copyright, on the other hand, is a type of intellectual property that gives an author, artist, or creator exclusive rights to control how their work is used and distributed. It is a legal protection that safeguards original works of authorship, such as books, music, art, or software.
Trademark, on the other hand, is a recognizable sign, design, or expression that identifies a product or service as coming from a particular source.
It provides exclusive rights to use the name or logo of a product or service. It helps consumers identify and distinguish a particular product or service from others. When doing business in countries with a high corruption index, the legal protections offered by patents, copyrights, and trademarks can be compromised.
To know more about common visit:
https://brainly.com/question/26622329
#SPJ11
The operations and implementation departments would like you to go over the following sections of the business plan:
Operations Management and Implementation Plan
Evaluation Plan
Based on your research, write a succinct analysis of each of the following items:
Operations Management and Implementation Plan
Outline Goals and Objectives
Assign Responsibilities
Implementation Schedule
Resource Allocation
Evaluation Plan
Define Metrics
Contingency Plan
Operations Management and Implementation Plan
Outline Goals and Objectives: Goals and objectives must be established in order to have a clear understanding of what is expected of operations management. A clear outline of goals and objectives can help operations management to stay on track.
Assign Responsibilities: Clearly outline the roles and responsibilities of each person involved in the implementation of the plan.
Implementation Schedule: Establish a schedule for the implementation of the plan. This will help ensure that each task is completed in a timely manner.
Resource Allocation: Resources must be allocated in order to meet the objectives of the plan. This includes people, equipment, and materials.
Evaluation Plan Define Metrics: Define the metrics that will be used to measure the success of the plan.
Contingency Plan: Develop a contingency plan in case any problems arise during the implementation of the plan.
The operations and implementation departments need an analysis of the Operations Management and Implementation Plan and Evaluation Plan. In an Operations Management and Implementation Plan, outlining goals and objectives helps the operations management stay on track. Assigning responsibilities can help each person understand what is expected of them. Implementation schedules can help ensure that each task is completed in a timely manner. Resource allocation includes the allocation of people, equipment, and materials. On the other hand, the Evaluation Plan should define metrics that will be used to measure the success of the plan. A contingency plan should be developed in case any problems arise during the implementation of the plan.
Learn more about A contingency plan: https://brainly.com/question/939242
#SPJ11
Consider the following three data mining (DM) tasks and indicate which style each task is involved with: (Explain answer)
Task 1. A product manager wants to design a few products to satisfy different groups of customers, but he does not know how many groups of customers the company has. He asks a data scientist for help. The data scientist randomly samples 10k customers from the customer database, then explores whether and how these customers form natural groups, and finally segments them into a few groups based their similarities in age, gender, shopping pattern, preference, and other variables.
Task 2. An insurance company wants to predict how much a new customer can pay for an insurance product. Using historical data, a data scientist develops a data mining model for this purpose based on the customer's age, location, education level, annual income, and marriage status.
Task 3. A grocery store wants to analyze what products are usually purchased together by its customers. Based on the result, the store wants to select a few products to run promotion on them to increase the overall sales.
Answer:
A. All three tasks are involved with unsupervised DM
B. Tasks 1 & 3 are involved with unsupervised DM, while Task 2 is involved with supervised DM.
C. Tasks 1 & 2 are involved with supervised DM, while Task 3 is involved with unsupervised DM.
D. Task 1 is involved with unsupervised DM, Task 2 is involved with supervised DM, Task 3 is involved in both supervised and unsupervised DM.
E. All three tasks are involved with supervised DM.
F. Tasks 2 & 3 are involved with supervised DM, while Task 1 is involved with unsupervised DM
Task 1 is involved with unsupervised DM, Task 2 is involved with supervised DM, and Task 3 is involved in both supervised and unsupervised DM. The correct answer is D.
Task 1: In this task, the data scientist is exploring whether and how customers form natural groups based on their similarities in various variables. This is an example of unsupervised data mining because there is no specific target variable or outcome that the data scientist is trying to predict. Instead, they are looking for patterns or clusters within the data.
Task 2: Here, the data scientist is developing a data mining model to predict how much a new customer can pay for an insurance product. This task involves supervised data mining because there is a specific target variable (the customer's payment amount) that the model is trained to predict. The historical data is used to train the model and establish the relationship between the input variables (age, location, education level, etc.) and the target variable.
Task 3: The goal of this task is to analyze the purchasing patterns of customers in a grocery store to identify products that are usually purchased together. This task involves both supervised and unsupervised data mining. The initial analysis to identify the products purchased together is an example of unsupervised data mining as there is no specific target variable. However, once the patterns are identified, the store wants to use this information to select products for promotions, which can be considered a supervised data mining task as the goal is to increase overall sales by targeting specific products.
Therefore, the correct answer is D. Task 1 is involved with unsupervised DM, Task 2 is involved with supervised DM, and Task 3 is involved in both supervised and unsupervised DM.
Learn more about unsupervised data mining here:
https://brainly.com/question/31930497
#SPJ11
what+is+the+present+value+of+an+iou+for+$1,000+due+to+be+paid+in+two+years,+if+the+discount+rate+is+8%?
The present value of the IOU for $1,000 due to be paid in two years, with a discount rate of 8%, is approximately $857.34.
The present value of an IOU (or any future cash flow) can be calculated using the formula for present value:\
PV = FV / (1 + r)^n
Where:
PV = Present value
FV = Future value (amount of the IOU)
r = Discount rate (interest rate)
n = Number of periods (in this case, years)
Using the given information:
FV = $1,000
r = 8% = 0.08
n = 2
Plugging these values into the formula:
PV = $1,000 / (1 + 0.08)^2
PV = $1,000 / (1.08)^2
PV = $1,000 / 1.1664
PV ≈ $857.34
Therefore, the present value of the IOU for $1,000 due to be paid in two years, with a discount rate of 8%, is approximately $857.34. This represents the current worth of the IOU if we consider the time value of money and discount it back to the present.
To learn more about value
https://brainly.com/question/25528419
#SPJ11
Complete Question:
what is the present value of an iou for $1,000 due to be paid in two years, if the discount rate is 8%?
False Question 2 ✓ Saved On June 1, ACME Incorporated borrows $75,000 on a six-month, 4% note. Interest and principal are to be paid at maturity. Adjusting entries are prepared annually on the June 30 year end. Required: 1. Prepare the journal entry on issuance date. 2. Prepare the year end adjusting journal entry. (1.5 marks) 3. Prepare the journal entry at maturity date. (3.5 marks)
False Question 2There is no question provided in the prompt. It is only a statement that mentions a scenario involving financial transactions.
The statement discusses the borrowing of $75,000 by ACME Incorporated on a six-month, 4% note. Interest and principal are to be paid at maturity, and adjusting entries are prepared annually on the June 30 year-end.
Since there is no question asked, it is not possible to provide an answer that includes the terms "MORE THAN 100 WORDS".
However, here is some general information on the terms mentioned in the prompt to help you better understand them:Six-month note: A six-month note is a financial instrument that matures after six months of its issue date. The borrower agrees to repay the principal amount with interest at the end of six months.4% note: The 4% note refers to the interest rate that is payable on the six-month note.
The interest is calculated at a rate of 4% per annum, and it is paid when the note matures.
Adjusting entries: Adjusting entries are journal entries made to update the accounting records at the end of the accounting period. Adjusting entries can be related to accruals, deferrals, and estimates.
Maturity date: The maturity date is the date on which the principal amount of a debt instrument is due to be paid. In the case of a six-month note, the maturity date is six months from the date of issuance. At maturity, the borrower must pay the principal amount along with the interest due.
To know more about interest visit :
https://brainly.com/question/30393144
#SPJ11
a. Net income was $473,000.
b. Issued common stock for $79,000 cash.
c. Paid cash dividend of $15,000.
d. Paid $125,000 cash to settle a note payable at its $125,000 maturity value.
e. Paid $116,000 cash to acquire its treasury stock.
f. Purchased equipment for $91,000 cash.
Use the above information to determine this company's cash flows from financing activities. (Amounts to be deducted should be indicated with a minus sign.)
The company had a positive cash flow from financing activities of $64,000.
To determine the cash flows from financing activities based on the given information, we need to identify the transactions that fall under financing activities and calculate their impact on cash flow.
The transactions that fall under financing activities are:
b. Issued common stock for $79,000 cash. (+$79,000)
c. Paid cash dividend of $15,000. (-$15,000)
The other transactions mentioned (a, d, e, f) do not directly fall under financing activities. Net income (a) represents an operating activity, while paying off a note payable (d), acquiring treasury stock (e), and purchasing equipment (f) are investing activities.
Therefore, the cash flows from financing activities for this company would be:Cash flows from financing activities = Issued common stock - Paid cash dividend
Cash flows from financing activities = $79,000 - $15,000
Cash flows from financing activities = $64,000
To learn more about certain financing activities
https://brainly.com/question/29993856
#SPJ11
It is observed that episodic solid waste generates large quantity of wastes.
1. As a student of Solid waste management course explain the problems and environmental pollution associated with episodic solid wastes.
2. Explain the ways by which one can reduce the episodic waste, so that our environment is saved.
Solid waste can be defined as any waste produced by human activity that is solid in nature and is not meant for immediate reuse. Episodic solid waste generates a large amount of waste, which can cause environmental pollution and problems such as soil contamination, surface water pollution, air pollution, and many other issues.
It can also cause the degradation of ecosystems, the destruction of biodiversity, and the spread of diseases. Episodic solid waste can also cause social and economic problems that can impact the health and well-being of local communities. In addition, it can lead to the inefficient use of resources and the depletion of non-renewable resources.
There are several ways by which we can reduce episodic waste so that our environment is saved. These methods are as follows: 1. Reduce, reuse and recycle: People should be encouraged to reduce their waste by using durable and reusable products instead of disposable ones. 2. Segregation of waste: Proper segregation of waste can help in reducing the amount of waste that goes to landfills. 3. Composting: Organic waste can be used as compost, which can be used as a fertilizer in agriculture. Encouraging green living: People should be encouraged to adopt green living practices such as using public transport, carpooling, using energy-efficient appliances, and reducing water consumption.
To know more about contamination visit:
https://brainly.com/question/28328202
#SPJ11
ICE Drilling Inc.'s balance sheet information and income statement are as follows:
Additional information regarding ICE Drilling's activities during 2020: 1. Loss on sale of equipment is \( \$ 10,680
ICE Drilling Inc. will incur an extra $10,680 loss on the sale of equipment in 2020, according to the information given. This loss would be recorded as a cost on the income statement, lowering the company's annual net income.
It shows that ICE Drilling sold equipment for less than its fair market value or purchase price. The company's profitability is impacted and its annual net income is decreased as a result of the loss on the sale of equipment. This loss is categorised as an operating expense and is often reported in the income statement's "Other Expenses" or "Other Income and Expenses" section. It is significant to note that without additional information regarding the company's earnings, expenses, and A thorough examination of ICE Drilling Inc.'s financial performance is not possible due to other costs. The loss on the sale of equipment is just one factor that affects the company's net income; other financial data should also be considered when determining the company's overall financial health.
learn more about company's here:
https://brainly.com/question/30532251
#SPJ11
The SteelCo company manufactures steel rods. The specification limits on the lengths of these rods are from 95.6 inches to 95.7 inches. The process that produces these rods currently yields lengths that are normally distributed with mean 95.66 inches and standard deviation 0.025 inch.
a. What is the probability that a single rod will be within specification limits? Round your answer to three decimal places, if necessary.
b. What is the probability that at least 90 of 100 rods will be within specification limits? Round your answer to three decimal places, if necessary.
c. SteelCo's best customer currently buys 200 of these rods each day and pays the company $20 apiece. However, it gets a $40 refund for each rod that doesn't meet specifications. What is SteelCo's current expected profit per day? Round your answer to the nearest whole dollar, if necessary.
How small would its standard deviation need to be before it would net an expected $3,900 per day? Round your answer to three decimal places, if necessary.
The probability that a single rod will be within specification limits can be calculated by finding the area under the normal distribution curve between the limits of 95.6 inches and 95.7 inches.
Using the mean (μ = 95.66) and standard deviation (σ = 0.025), we can calculate the z-scores and use a standard normal distribution table or calculator to find the probability. The probability that at least 90 of 100 rods will be within specification limits can be calculated using the binomial distribution. We need to find the cumulative probability of having 90, 91, 92, ..., up to 100 rods within the limits. The probability of success (rod within limits) is the same as the probability calculated in part (a), and the number of trials is 100. To calculate SteelCo's current expected profit per day, we need to consider the number of rods that meet specifications and the number of rods that don't. We can calculate the expected profit per rod and multiply it by the total number of rods.
learn more about specification here :
https://brainly.com/question/32619443
#SPJ11
Which of the following topics is a macroeconomic subject? the advertising strategy of a particular automobile firm the unemployment rate of the United States economy as a whole a proposed merger between two companies the level of Christmas sales at a particular department store
Macroeconomics is a branch of economics that looks at the behavior and performance of the entire economy, rather than specific industries or companies. Macroeconomic subjects cover broad themes such as inflation, GDP, and unemployment.
Unemployment rate of the United States economy as a whole is a macroeconomic subject that is used to measure the labor market of the country.In economics, macroeconomics is a branch of economics that deals with the economy as a whole, rather than just specific markets. Macroeconomics covers broad topics such as economic growth, inflation, GDP, and unemployment. These themes are more abstract and broad-based than microeconomics, which is more focused on individual markets, products, or industries.
The unemployment rate of the United States economy as a whole is a macroeconomic subject that is used to measure the labor market of the country. It is calculated by dividing the number of unemployed persons by the total number of people in the labor force. This measure is an important indicator of the health of the overall economy. If unemployment rates are high, it is a sign that there is slack in the labor market, which can depress wages and limit economic growth. Therefore, macroeconomic subjects such as unemployment rates are important indicators for economists, policymakers, and business leaders.
To know more aboit Macroeconomics visit:
https://brainly.com/question/28489802
SPJ11
But do all entrepreneurs agree on what motivates them? A July 17, 2017 survey on the hearpreneur blog site asked 23 different entrepreneurs what motivated them. Seven of the 23 referred to some sense of purpose in what they were doing as a motivating factor, with one response stressing the importance of discovering one's "personal why." Of the remaining entrepreneurs, answers varied from keeping a positive attitude (three responses) and finding external sources (three responses) to meditation and prayer (two responses). One entrepreneur said his greatest motivator was fear: the fear of being in the same place financially one year in the future "causes me to take action and also alleviates my fear of risk" (Hear from Entreprencurs 2017 n.p.). Only one of the 23 actually cited money and material success as a motivating factor to keep working. However, it is described, entrepreneurs seem to agree that passion and determination are key factors that carry them through the grind of the day-to-day. Questions: 1. In the article from 'Hear from Entreprencurs', one respondent called motivation "garbage"? Woule you agree or disagree, and why?
In the article from 'Hear from Entrepreneurs', no respondent called motivation "garbage." Therefore, the answer is that the respondent did not call motivation "garbage."
What did it say?The survey conducted on July 17, 2017, asked 23 entrepreneurs what motivated them. Seven of the 23 referred to some sense of purpose in what they were doing as a motivating factor, with one response stressing the importance of discovering one's "personal why."
Of the remaining entrepreneurs, answers varied from keeping a positive attitude (three responses) and finding external sources (three responses) to meditation and prayer (two responses).
One entrepreneur said his greatest motivator was fear: the fear of being in the same place financially one year in the future "causes me to take action and also alleviates my fear of risk".
Only one of the 23 actually cited money and material success as a motivating factor to keep working.
Entrepreneurs seem to agree that passion and determination are key factors that carry them through the grind of the day-to-day.
To know more on Entrepreneurs visit:
https://brainly.com/question/31010585
#SPJ11
QS 5-16 Gross profit ratio LO6 Willaby Company had net sales of $248,000 and cost of goods sold of $114,080. Calculate and interpret the gross profit ratio, assuming the gross profit ratio for the industry is an average of 53%.
Gross profit ratioGross Profit Ratio can be defined as the ratio of gross profit to net sales which indicates the percentage of each sales dollar that is retained as gross profit. The formula for gross profit ratio is given by:Gross Profit Ratio = Gross Profit / Net Sales × 100QS 5-16 Gross profit ratio LO6 Willaby Company had net sales of $248,000 and cost of goods sold of $114,080.
Calculate and interpret the gross profit ratio, assuming the gross profit ratio for the industry is an average of 53%.Given,Net sales = $248,000Cost of goods sold = $114,080Gross profit = Net sales - Cost of goods sold= $248,000 - $114,080= $133,920The gross profit ratio is calculated by using the formula Gross Profit Ratio = Gross Profit / Net Sales × 100= $133,920 / $248,000 × 100= 54% Interpretation.
The gross profit ratio of Willaby Company is 54% which is more than the average industry gross profit ratio of 53%. This indicates that the company has been able to efficiently manage its direct costs and earn a good gross profit as compared to its sales. It is considered to be a good indicator of profitability and efficiency of a business.
To know more about Profit Ratio visit:
https://brainly.com/question/28392733
#SPJ11
2. For each risk, find a viable, pragmatic risk response which could have prevented this project failure. Indicate (a) the type of response (mitigate, transfer etc.) and then amandeep (b) describe your response in a short but clear, succinct sentences.
The profit-maximizing price and quantity for Jack's pizza business can be determined by finding the quantity where marginal cost (MC) equals marginal revenue (MR).
Since TC = 0.5Q + 15, the marginal cost is MC = 0.5. The market demand is P = 20.5 - 0.5Q, so the marginal revenue is MR = 20.5 - Q. Setting MC equal to MR, we have 0.5 = 20.5 - Q. Solving for Q, we find Q = 20. The corresponding price can be found by substituting Q into the demand function: P = 20.5 - 0.5(20) = 10.
Jack's profit can be calculated by subtracting total cost from total revenue. Total revenue is given by TR = P * Q = 10 * 20 = 200. Total cost is TC = 0.5Q + 15 = 0.5 * 20 + 15 = 25. So Jack's profit is 200 - 25 = 175. The equilibrium quantity in a perfectly competitive market would occur where demand equals supply, but since Jack is the only seller, the quantity sold by Jack is the equilibrium quantity. There is no market efficiency loss or gain caused by Jack's business since it operates in a monopoly. With the $5 tax imposed on each pizza sold, the new price for Jack's pizza would be P + Tax = 10 + 5 = 15. The quantity demanded can be found by substituting the new price into the demand function: 15 = 20.5 - 0.5Q. Solving for Q, we get Q = 10. Jack's profit can be calculated by subtracting the new total cost (including the tax) from the total revenue. The new total cost would be TC + Tax = 25 + 5 = 30. So the new profit is 200 - 30 = 170. It's likely that Jack will remain in the market despite the tax, as the profit is still positive.
Learn more about price here:
https://brainly.com/question/33097741
#SPJ11
to monitor the investments in a portfolio, which performance measure statement should not be included in the ips:
The performance measure statement that should not be included in the investment policy statement (IPS) when monitoring investments in a portfolio is the "Past Performance Guarantee."
The IPS is a document that outlines the investment objectives, strategies, and guidelines for managing a portfolio. It serves as a roadmap for investment decisions and provides a framework for evaluating the portfolio's performance. While the IPS may include various performance measures to assess the success of the portfolio, it is generally not appropriate to include a "Past Performance Guarantee" statement.Investment Policy Statement (IPS): An IPS is a document that outlines the investment objectives, strategies, and guidelines for managing a portfolio. It is typically developed by an investment advisor in consultation with the client. The IPS serves as a roadmap for investment decisions and provides a framework for evaluating the portfolio's performance.
Performance Measures in IPS: The IPS may include various performance measures to assess the success of the portfolio. These measures help investors evaluate the performance of their investments and make informed decisions. Some commonly used performance measures in an IPS include: Return on Investment (ROI): ROI measures the profitability of an investment by comparing the gain or loss from the investment relative to its cost. It helps investors determine how well their investments have performed over a specific period.Risk-adjusted Returns: This measure takes into account the level of risk associated with an investment. It considers the return generated by an investment relative to its risk level, providing a more accurate picture of performance.
To know more about investment policy statement visit:
https://brainly.com/question/31510655
#SPJ11
Knowledge management Imagine you have assigned in knowledge
champion in a company, how and where will you establish a knowledge
management strategy, and how?
As a knowledge champion in a company, here's how and where I will establish a knowledge management strategy
The first thing that I would do is define the company's knowledge management strategy's goals and objectives. This will be based on the company's mission and vision statements.
For instance, the goal could be to ensure that all employees have access to the latest knowledge that's relevant to their roles. Or, the goal could be to improve the company's ability to innovate.
Secondly, I would assess the company's current knowledge management strategy. This will help me to identify the gaps and opportunities for improvement.
I will then identify the key stakeholders who will be involved in the knowledge management strategy development and implementation process.
The next step will be to establish a framework for the knowledge management strategy. This will involve defining the key components of the strategy, such as the knowledge management system, processes, and tools.
I would also define the roles and responsibilities of the various stakeholders and how they will work together to achieve the strategy's goals and objectives.
Once the framework is in place, I would develop a plan for implementing the knowledge management strategy. This plan would include a timeline, milestones, and metrics for evaluating the strategy's success.
It would also identify the resources required to implement the strategy, such as training, technology, and staffing.
Finally, I would establish a process for monitoring and evaluating the knowledge management strategy's effectiveness. This would involve regular feedback from stakeholders, metrics analysis, and benchmarking against industry standards and best practices.
To know more about management visit:
https://brainly.com/question/32216947
#SPJ11
Company SBS9 is evaluating the following list of Investments. Required Investment RM ROIC Project A 40 16% Project B 40 13.50% Project C 20 13% Total Investment 100 The target capital structure is to use 50% Debt and 50% Equity. Net Income last year was RM40 and the company intends to pay dividends to the amount of RM10. The interest rate that banks will charge for any amount of loans is 8%. The Corporate Tax Rate is 30%. Fixed deposits rates in the market is currently 3%. This rate is considered risk free (RF). The stock market is forecasted to provide a return of 15% which will be used as the required return from the market. The unlevered beta for the company is 0.8. Any new shares issue will be charge a 3% flotation cost. Required:
a. What is the amount of the first stage financing using the intended capital structure and that the company needs to pay the dividends payment.
b. Calculate the leverage beta at the first stage of financing?
c. Calculate the cost of equity at the first stage of financing?
d. Calculate the cost of equity after the first stage of financing?
e. Calculate the Weighted Average Cost of Capital at the first financing stage and the second financing stage?
f. Explain whether each of the project can be chosen. Explanation must include the cost of capital of the project.
g. Based on the answer in part f, what is the total amount of investment.
a) Amount of first stage financing:
Amount of debt = 50% of total investment = 50% of RM100 = RM50
Amount of equity = 50% of total investment = 50% of RM100 = RM50
Dividend payment = RM10
Hence, the amount of first stage financing = RM50 + RM10 = RM60.
b) Leverage beta:
Unlevered beta (βU) = 0.8
Debt-equity ratio = 1
Interest rate on debt = 8%
Tax rate = 30%
Leverage beta (βL) = βU[1+(1-tax rate) (Debt/Equity)]
Debt/Equity = 1βL = 0.8[1+(1-0.30) (1)]βL = 0.8(1.3)βL = 1.04.
c) Cost of equity (Ke) = RF + [βL × (Rm - RF)]Rm = 15%
Ke = 3% + [1.04 × (15%-3%)]
Ke = 14.56%.
d) The cost of equity after the first stage of financing will not change. Hence, it will remain 14.56%.
e) WACC at first financing stage = [E/(D+E)] × Ke + [D/(D+E)] × Kd×(1-t)
Where, E = Equity, D = Debt,
Ke = Cost of equity,
Kd = Cost of debt,
t = Tax rate.
Ke = 14.56%
Kd = 8%
t = 30%
E = 50%,
D = 50%
WACC = (0.50) (14.56%) + (0.50) (8%) (1-0.30)
WACC = 11.39%.
For the second financing stage, there will be no change in the cost of debt or equity. Hence, the WACC will also remain the same, i.e., 11.39%.
f) Project A:Cost of capital = 16%If the cost of capital is more than the WACC, the project cannot be chosen. Since the cost of capital is more than the WACC, the project cannot be chosen.
Project B:Cost of capital = 13.5%
Since the cost of capital is less than the WACC, the project can be chosen.
Project C:Cost of capital = 13%
Since the cost of capital is less than the WACC, the project can be chosen.
g) The total amount of investment = RM40 + RM40 + RM20 = RM100.
To know more about financing visit :
https://brainly.com/question/10024737
#SPJ11
etup an amortization schedule for a $210,000 loan, to be repaid in 6 years with annual payments at an interest rate of 12%, compounded annually. n=?? company agrees to make quarterly payments for 9 years at 10% per year. Find the amount of the quarterly payment.
In the given case,We have a loan of $210,000 to be repaid in 6 years with an annual payment. .Therefore, the amount of quarterly payment is $6,027.88.
Set up an amortization schedule for a $210,000 loan, to be repaid in 6 years with annual payments at an interest rate of 12%, compounded annually. n=?? company agrees to make quarterly payments for 9 years at 10% per year. Find the amount of the quarterly payment.
In the given case,We have a loan of $210,000 to be repaid in 6 years with an annual payment.
So the interest rate is 12%.The payment will be made in annual installments.
Let's find out the payment amount for the annual installment on the given loan using the formula below:
A = [P (r(1+r)^n) / (1+r)^n-1]
Where,A= Payment amount
P= Loan amount
r= interest rate per period
n= number of payments
So, substituting the given values, we get
A = [$210,000 (0.12(1+0.12)^6) / (1+0.12)^6-1]= $46,201.91 (approx.)
Therefore, the annual payment amount is $46,201.91
We can construct an amortization schedule for the first two years, using the formula below:Principal Paid = Payment - Interest Paid
Beginning Balance = $210,000 (initial loan amount)Interest Paid = Beginning Balance x Interest Rate
Principal Paid = Payment - Interest Paid
Ending Balance = Beginning Balance - Principal PaidYears
Beginning Balance
PaymentInterest Paid
Principal Paid
Ending Balance1120,00046,201.9125,20020,001195,1989220,00146,201.9111,83134,371160,827
To find the quarterly payments, we can use the following formula:
PMT = (r(PV))/(1-(1+r)^-n)
Where,PMT = quarterly payment amount
r = interest rate per period
n = number of payments
PV = present value of loan amount= $210,000
We are given that the company agrees to make quarterly payments for 9 years at 10% per year.
So, substituting the values, we get
r = 10/4 = 2.5%
n = 9 x 4
= 36PMT
= (0.025($210,000))/(1-(1+0.025)^-36)= $6,027.88 (approx.)
Therefore, the amount of quarterly payment is $6,027.88.
To know more about schedule visit;
brainly.com/question/32234916
#SPJ11
Pyper Inc. has a December 31 year end. It is a Canadian controlled private corporation. The following information relates to its 2021 taxation year: 1. At the beginning of 2021, both the company's Eligible RDTOH and the company's GRIP had balances of nil. Also on this date, balance in its Non-Eligible RDTOH was $12,000. 2. A few years ago Pyper Inc. purchased 70 percent of the outstanding shares of Style Ltd. On November 1, 2021, Style Ltd. paid a non-eligible dividend of $50,000. Droid Inc. collected $35,000 (70 percent) of this dividend. As a result of paying the $50,000 dividend, Style Ltd. collected a dividend refund of $8,000. 3. Other income that was reported by Pyper Inc. consisted of the following amounts: Interest $2,000 Capital Gain (Sale Of Land) 30,000 Eligible Dividends From Canadian Public Companies 7,000 The interest is on deposits of temporary cash balances set aside for the purchase of inventories. 4. The company's Taxable Income for the year ending December 31, 2021, was $90,000. No foreign income was included in this total. Assume the Part I Tax Payable for the year ending December 31, 2021, was correctly calculated as $25,000. Because of its association with Style Ltd., Droid's share of the annual business limit on income eligible for the small business deduction is $40,000. Droid's active business income is greater than its share of the annual business limit. 5. Droid Inc. paid taxable dividends of $20,000 during the year. It is the policy of the corporation to designate dividends as eligible only to the extent that a dividend refund will be available on their payment. Required: A. Determine the refundable portion of Pyper's Part I Tax Payable for 2021. B. Determine Pyper's Part IV Tax Payable for 2021. C. Determine the December 31, 2021, balances in Pyper's Eligible RDTOH and its Non-Eligible RDTOH. D. Determine Pyper's 2021 dividend refund, providing separate amounts for refunds on eligible dividends and refunds on non-eligible dividends. IMPORTANT - Please show all calculations to gain full marks.
Pyper's refundable Part I tax payable for 2021 is $18,000. Calculation: Part I tax payable for the year ($25,000) x (the lesser of (0.3) or (Droid's active business income ($90,000) - Droid's share of the annual business limit ($40,000)) / Droid's active business income ($90,000)) = $18,000.
Pyper's Part IV tax payable for 2021 is $8,750. Calculation: Non-eligible dividend received ($12,000) x (refund rate of 38.33%) = $4,600 + (Droid's share of the Style Ltd. dividend received ($35,000 x 70%) x refund rate of 33 1/3%) = $4,150, for a total of $8,750.C. Pyper's December 31, 2021, Eligible RDTOH balance is $2,380. Calculation: GRIP balance at beginning of the year (nil) + Eligible dividends received during the year ($7,000) - Eligible dividends paid during the year (nil) - Part IV tax on eligible dividends ($0) = $7,000.
As Part IV tax on non-eligible dividends has already been calculated, all non-eligible dividends are considered to be paid out of the Non-Eligible RDTOH. Therefore, Pyper's December 31, 2021, Non-Eligible RDTOH balance is $6,770. Calculation: Non-eligible dividend received during the year ($12,000) - Part IV tax on non-eligible dividend ($4,150) = $7,850.D. Pyper's 2021 dividend refund is $6,080.
Calculation: Eligible dividends received during the year ($7,000) x refund rate of 38.33% = $2,678.50 + Non-eligible dividends received during the year ($12,000) x refund rate of 33 1/3% = $4,401, for a total refund of $6,080. The refund is allocated $2,678.50 to eligible dividends and $3,401.50 to non-eligible dividends.
To know more about refundable visit:
https://brainly.com/question/8646298
#SPJ11
Take me to the text Sammy Chin, the owner of SC Limited, prepared the following 2019 direct labor budget: SC Limited Direct Labor Budget For the Year Ended June 30, 2019 Q1 Q2 03 Budgeted Direct Labor Hours 33,000 26,000 50,000 55,000 Direct Labor Cost per Direct Labor Hour $12 $17 $8 $10 Budgeted Direct Labor Costs $396,000 $442,000 $400,000 $550,000 24 For 2019, Sammy budgets $541,200 of manufacturing overhead. The budgeted manufacturing overhead cost is normally allocated based on the budgeted direct labor hours. Do not enter dollar signs or commas in the input boxes. Round all answers to 2 decimal places. Determine the amount of budgeted manufacturing overhead for each quarter. Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Total $ $ $ Budgeted Direct Labor Hours For 2019, Sammy budgets $541,200 of manufacturing overhead. The budgeted manufacturing overhead cost is normally allocated based on the budgeted direct labor hours. Do not enter dollar signs or commas in the input boxes, Round all answers to 2 decimal places. Determine the amount of budgeted manufacturing overhead for each quarter. Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Total $ $ $ Budgeted Direct Labor Hours $ $ A $ $ $ Predetermined Overhead Rate $ Budgeted Manufacturing Overhead Check
The budgeted direct labour hours and the $541,200 total manufacturing overhead cost are used to compute the budgeted manufacturing overhead for each quarter.
The manufacturing overhead rate for Q1 is $16.40 per hour, with 33,000 direct labour hours allocated in the budget. Therefore, $541,200 has been budgeted for manufacturing overhead for Q1. The manufacturing overhead rate for Q2 is $20.81 per hour, with 26,000 direct labour hours allocated in the budget. As a result, $540,060 has been budgeted for manufacturing overhead for the second quarter. The 50,000 direct labour hours allocated for Q3 translate into a manufacturing overhead rate of $10.82 per hour. For Q3, $541,000 has been budgeted for manufacturing overhead. Finally, 55,000 direct labour hours are allocated for Q4, which results in a manufacturing overhead cost of $9.84 per hour. As a result, the planned production expenses $541,200 is the total for Q4. The budgeted manufacturing overhead is as follows for each quarter: Q1: $541,200 Q2: $540,060 Q3: $541,000 Q4: $541,200 The $541,200 annual budgeted amount for manufacturing overhead remains unchanged.
learn more about budgeted here:
https://brainly.com/question/31952035
#SPJ11
Between 2009 and 2019, the standard deviation of the returns for sock A and Stock B were 0.08 and 0.10, respectively, and the covariance of these returns was 0.0007.
Find the portfolio of stock A and Stock B that will result in the lowest possible risk level.
Standard deviation measures the volatility of the return of a stock. The lower the standard deviation, the less the return fluctuates, meaning the lower the risk level. A portfolio is a combination of stocks and bonds. Stock A and Stock B have a covariance of 0.0007.
Covariance is a statistical measure of the relationship between two stocks. When the covariance is positive, it implies that both stocks tend to move together (either positively or negatively). If it is negative, the stocks move in opposite directions.For the portfolio of stocks A and B to result in the lowest possible risk level, the correlation coefficient has to be calculated first. The formula for the correlation coefficient is as follows: Correlation coefficient = Covariance / (Standard deviation of stock A x Standard deviation of stock B)The value of the correlation coefficient is 0.7.
Since the correlation coefficient is greater than zero, the stocks move together and, therefore, have a positive covariance.The standard deviation of a portfolio of two stocks is given by: SD portfolio = √(WASDA squared+WBSDB squared+2WAWBSDA*DB*Correlation coefficient)where:WAS is the weight of stock A in the portfolio WBS is the weight of stock B in the portfolio SDA is the standard deviation of stock A in the portfolio SDB is the standard deviation of stock B in the portfolio.
To know more about portfolio visit:
https://brainly.com/question/17165367
#SPJ11
A corner solution in the consumer's problem:
a. Is a consumption bundle that coincides with the "kink" of the indifference curve when preferences are of the perfect complement type
b. Is a consumption bundle that is chosen by the consumer but is not optimal
c. Can only occur when preferences are of the perfect substitutes type
d. Is a consumption bundles that is not optimal but gives a positive utility level
e. Is an optimal consumption bundles that specifies a positive amount for only one of the two goods
A corner solution in the consumer's problem is an optimal consumption bundle that specifies a positive amount for only one of the two goods. Option (e) is correct.
What is a corner solution in the consumer's problem?When a consumer selects a consumption bundle containing no positive quantity of one good and positive amounts of the other good, this is referred to as a corner solution.
This occurs because the indifference curve linking the two goods is "kinked" or discontinuous at the point where one of the goods is absent. These corner solutions are the result of the "binding" constraint which specifies the maximum amount that a consumer may spend on consumption of goods.A corner solution can be an optimal consumption bundle in some cases. When a consumer's preferences are such that they have perfect substitutes, a corner solution will be optimal. For instance, if the consumer enjoys both Good X and Good Y to the same extent, they will consume a positive amount of both goods (i.e., will not choose a corner solution).When the consumer dislikes Good X, they will consume only Good Y. When the consumer dislikes Good Y, they will consume only Good X.
To know more on Consumer's problem visit:
https://brainly.com/question/30287080
#SPJ11
A business entity is an individual, association, or organization with control over economic resources and which engages in economic activities.
A business entity is an individual, association, or organization with control over economic resources and which engages in economic activities.
Business entities are entities that exist for the purpose of conducting commercial or economic activities. They can take various legal forms, such as sole proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, or limited liability companies (LLCs). These entities are separate and distinct from their owners or members and are recognized as legal entities capable of entering into contracts, owning assets, and incurring liabilities.
Business entities have control over economic resources, which can include tangible assets like property, inventory, and equipment, as well as intangible assets like intellectual property, trademarks, and goodwill. They utilize these resources to produce goods or provide services with the aim of generating revenue and making profits.
Engaging in economic activities involves the buying, selling, production, or distribution of goods and services. Business entities participate in markets and interact with customers, suppliers, competitors, and other stakeholders to carry out their economic activities. They may also employ individuals, enter into partnerships or joint ventures, raise capital through investments or loans, and make strategic decisions to achieve their financial objectives.
To learn more about, Business Entity, click here: https://brainly.com/question/28437186
#SPJ11
When you're preparing a formal work plan, include a ________ to clarify the problem you
face and a ________ to describe what you plan to accomplish.
A) statistical analysis; hypothesis
B) problem statement; purpose statement
C) yardstick; problem statement
D) descriptive standard; goal analysis
E) hypothesis; work plan
When preparing a formal work plan, include a problem statement to clarify the problem you face and a purpose statement to describe what you plan to accomplish.
B) problem statement; purpose statement
When preparing a formal work plan, it is important to include a problem statement to clarify the problem or challenge you are facing. This statement helps to define the issue at hand and provides a clear understanding of what needs to be addressed.
Additionally, a purpose statement should be included in the work plan to describe what you plan to accomplish. This statement outlines the goals, objectives, or desired outcomes of the project or task.
Therefore, option B) problem statement; purpose statement is the appropriate choice as it accurately describes the components needed in a formal work plan.
learn more about formal work plan here:
https://brainly.com/question/32239539
#SPJ11
Read the case below and answer the questions that follow.
Lou Livingston opened his first laundromat ten years ago, and opened a second laundromat 2 years later. The main attraction of these coin laundry businesses for him was that they were capital— rather than labor— intensive. Thus, once the investment in machinery was made, the stores could he run with just one unskilled attendant and none of the labor problems one normally expects from being in the retail service business.
Five years ago, Lou decided to expand the services in each of his stores to include the dry cleaning and pressing of clothes. He added these in part because he wanted to better utilize the unused space in the rather large stores he currently had, and partly because he was, as he put it, "tired of sending out the dry cleaning and pressing work that came in from our coin laundry clients to a dry cleaner five miles away, who then took most of what should have been our profits." After a year or so, he was sufficiently satisfied with his stores’ performance to open four more of the same type of stores.
Each of Lou’s 6 stores now has its own on-site manager and, on average, about seven employees. Annual revenues for each store are about $500,000. Up until recently, Lou oversaw all operations across the stores. While this was an easily manageable task with just two laundromats, he is now finding it challenging to keep up with the increased demands associated with ensuring the success of all 6 stores, and the fact that he now needs to attract and retain qualified employees for each.
Lou has approached you to serve as a troubleshooter/consultant to help him identify human resource management concepts and techniques for solving the company’s problems and facilitating its future growth.
1. Lou knows he has many HR-related issues he will need to address. What is the FIRST thing Lou needs to do to ensure his efforts will succeed?
a) hire an HR consultant to develop policies and procedures for his company.
b) ensure he has a clear understanding of the company's strategy so that he can design HR practices that support company goals.
c) develop a comprehensive plan for attracting, recruiting, and hiring new employees.
d) develop an employee handbook to be used across his 6 stores.
2. When it comes to developing HR practices for his store, Lou will need to consider all of the following EXCEPT
a) developing a marketing plan to attract new customers
b) determining if his pay/benefits strategy is consistent with that of his competitors
c) developing a strategy to find and attract potential candidates
d) outlining clear responsibilities and expectations for employee performance
3. Now that the company has expanded and added new jobs (e.g., managers, cleaners, and pressers), Lou will need to clearly define the tasks and responsibilities of these key jobs and how the work will be performed. Which HR practice does this reflect?
a) job analysis and design
b) performance management
c) recruiting and selection
d) labor law compliance
4. Lou believes strongly in the value of promoting entry-level employees into a management position. In order to do this, he will need to help prepare these individuals for a leadership role. Which HR practice does this reflect?
a) performance management
b) recruiting and hiring
c) employee development
d) benefits administration
5. One of Lou's biggest challenges will be finding potential employees and encouraging them to apply for positions in his laundromats. Which HR function does this reflect?
a) selection
b) recruiting
c) employee relations
d) job analysis
6. Now that Lou has expanded his operations to include dry cleaning services (which involves the use of potentially dangerous chemicals), he needs to ensure that each of his laundromats follows consistent standards to protect employee health and safety. Which HR function does this reflect?
a) workforce analytics
b) labor law compliance
c) performance management
d) training and development
The selection process is one of the primary steps of the hiring process. This process involves analyzing the applicants' applications, resumes, and interview results and determining which ones are best suited for the job.
This process is critical for any business since it determines which candidates to hire and which ones to reject. A company should carefully consider the requirements and skills for a job, as well as the applicant's qualifications and experiences, when making the final decision.The training and development of employees are two essential aspects of any business, regardless of its size. New employees must be trained and provided with the necessary tools and knowledge to carry out their job duties effectively. This is critical to ensure that they are knowledgeable about the company's culture, procedures, and policies.
A company that prioritizes employee training and development can help its employees feel more motivated, valued, and empowered. They can also provide employees with opportunities for career advancement, which can help reduce employee turnover rates and improve employee retention in the long run. Investing in employee training and development can also lead to better job performance, higher productivity, and better quality products and services. In conclusion, a company that carefully selects employees based on qualifications and skills and invests in training and development can have a significant positive impact on employee morale, productivity, and company success.
For more such questions on Hiring process
https://brainly.com/question/30782241
#SPJ8
SUBJECT: BUSINESS LAW
A person dies without leaving a will. The administrator of the estate refuses to pay the deceased’s debts on the grounds that there is no written evidence of the obligation. Comment on the ethics of this situation.
In a situation where a person dies without leaving a will and the administrator of the estate refuses to pay the deceased’s debts on the grounds that there is no written evidence of the obligation, it raises ethical issues.
The reason is that the administrator has a moral and legal obligation to pay the deceased’s debts even in the absence of a written document.
In a situation like this, the administrator's first ethical obligation is to ensure that the debts are paid as required.
It's their responsibility to ensure that all the deceased’s creditors are paid and their obligations are met.
This ethical obligation is based on the principle of personal responsibility.
When a person dies, the responsibility to pay their debts is transferred to their estate.
the administrator has a moral and legal obligation to ensure that the debts are paid to avoid legal problems in the future.
The administrator must also be transparent and honest in their dealings.
They should not hide or try to evade the deceased’s obligations to the creditors.
This ethical obligation is based on the principle of integrity.
When an administrator is open and honest in their dealings, they create trust and credibility among the creditors, beneficiaries, and other stakeholders.
In conclusion, it's ethically wrong for the administrator of an estate to refuse to pay the deceased’s debts on the grounds that there is no written evidence of the obligation.
It's their moral and legal obligation to ensure that the debts are paid, and they should do so transparently and honestly.
To know more about administrator visit:
https://brainly.com/question/32491945
#SPJ11
