Separation involves dividing a mixture into its components, while purification removes impurities to obtain a pure substance. Purity can be determined through analytical techniques. Additional purification techniques may be employed if needed.
In liquid-liquid extraction, separation occurs by exploiting differences in solubility between the components in two immiscible solvents. Separation focuses on dividing a mixture into its individual components, while purification aims to remove impurities to obtain a single, pure substance.
To determine if the separated compounds are pure, you can use analytical techniques such as chromatography, melting point analysis, or spectroscopy. If the compounds are found to be impure, additional purification techniques can be applied, such as recrystallization, distillation, or chromatography, depending on the nature of the impurities and the physical and chemical properties of the compounds in question.
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Which of the following types of molecules would have the highest capacity to store chemical energy?
a. a two-carbon molecule rich in C-H bonds, such as ethane.
b. a six-carbon molecule rich in C-H bonds, such as a lipid.
c. a two-carbon molecule rich in C-O bonds, such as ethanol.
d. a six-carbon molecule righ in C-O bonds, such as a hexose.
A six-carbon molecule rich in C-H bonds, such as a lipid, would have the highest capacity to store chemical energy.
Chemical energy is stored in the bonds between atoms within a molecule. Molecules that have a high number of C-H bonds, such as lipids, have a higher capacity to store chemical energy than those with fewer C-H bonds.
This is because the C-H bond is a high-energy bond that can release a large amount of energy when broken.
In comparison, molecules that have a higher number of C-O bonds, such as ethanol or a hexose, have lower energy storage capacity. This is because the C-O bond is a lower-energy bond than the C-H bond and releases less energy when broken.
Therefore, a six-carbon molecule rich in C-H bonds, such as a lipid, would have the highest capacity to store chemical energy.
The large number of C-H bonds in lipids allows them to store a significant amount of energy that can be released through metabolism.
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A food chain will only have ____ or ____ levels. (___ or ___ energy transfers)
Answer:
A food chain will only have 3 or 4 levels (3 or 4 energy transfers).
Explanation:
Name the following compounds:
The correct name of the given compound is 2 methyl butane, and 2 - methyl-2- pentene.
The suffix '-ane' is used for alkanes, '-ene' for alkenes, and 'yne' for alkynes. For instance, C₂H₆ is referred to as ethane, C₂H₄ is referred to as ethene, and C₂H₂ is referred to as ethyne.
In order to get to the double- or triple-bonded carbon atom first, the parent chain is numbered.
In hydrocarbons, the suffix -ene is used in place of -ane to denote double bonds. The suffix is expanded to add a prefix that denotes the number of double bonds present if there are more than one double bond.
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according to dalton's atomic theory, atoms question 1 options: are destroyed in chemical reactions. can be divided. of each element are identical in size, mass, and other properties. of different elements cannot combine.
According to Dalton's atomic theory, atoms of each element are identical in size, mass, and other properties.
This theory laid the foundation of modern chemistry by introducing the concept of atoms as the building blocks of matter. Dalton proposed that chemical reactions occur when atoms combine or separate from one another, but they do not get destroyed in the process. Instead, atoms rearrange themselves to form new substances.
This fundamental concept is still valid today and has helped scientists to better understand and manipulate chemical reactions. Therefore, the correct option is that atoms of each element are identical in size, mass, and other properties. In summary, Dalton's atomic theory has been a crucial component in our understanding of chemical reactions and the nature of matter as a whole.
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what are 3 possible stresses (changes) that could have occurred to make the flask turn darker brown?
The flask turning darker brown may indicate a chemical change that occurred inside the flask.
Some possible stresses that could have caused this change include:
Heat: If the flask was exposed to heat, it could have caused a chemical reaction to occur between the contents of the flask, resulting in a change in color.
Light: Certain compounds can be sensitive to light and undergo photochemical reactions that change their color. If the flask was exposed to light, this could have caused a chemical change that resulted in the darker brown color.
Chemical contamination: If the flask was contaminated with another substance, this could have caused a chemical reaction to occur between the original contents of the flask and the contaminant, leading to the darker brown color. For example, if the flask previously contained a solution of a metal salt and was then used to hold a different solution containing a reducing agent, this could have led to a reduction reaction and a change in color.
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n the icl2 - ion, how many valence electrons are there surrounding the central iodine atom? a. 4 b. 6 c. 8 d. 10 e. 12
The total number of valence electrons surrounding the central iodine atom in the icl2- ion is 8. Therefore, the correct answer is option C.
In the icl2- ion, the central iodine atom has 7 valence electrons. Since there are two chlorine atoms bonded to the central iodine, each chlorine atom brings one valence electron.
In addition, the ion carries a negative charge, which means that one extra electron is present. To determine the total number of valence electrons surrounding the central iodine atom, we add the valence electrons of the iodine atom (7) to the valence electrons of the two chlorine atoms (2 x 1 = 2) and the extra electron (-1). Thus, the total number of valence electrons surrounding the central iodine atom in the icl2- ion is 8. Therefore, the correct answer is option C.
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hydrogen gas can be produced by reacting aluminum with sulfuric acid. how many moles of sulfuric acid are needed to completely react with 15.0 mol of aluminum?
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between aluminum and sulfuric acid Therefore, 22.5 moles of sulfuric acid are needed to completely react with 15.0 moles of aluminum.
Aluminum reacts with sulfuric acid according to the following equation:2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) → Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2(g)From the balanced equation, we can see that 2 moles of aluminum react with 3 moles of sulfuric acid to produce 3 moles of hydrogen gas. Therefore, the mole ratio of aluminum to sulfuric acid to hydrogen is 2:3:3.If we have 15.0 mol of aluminum, we can use the mole ratio to calculate the amount of sulfuric acid needed 15.0 mol Al × (3 mol H2SO4 / 2 mol Al) = 22.5 mol H2SO4 Therefore, 22.5 moles of sulfuric acid are needed to completely react with 15.0 moles of aluminum.
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The vapor pressure of a liquid in a closed container depends on 1. temperature of the liquid 2. quantity of liquid 3. surface area of the liquid (A) 1 only (B) 2 only (C) 1 and 3 only (D) 1, 2 and 3
The answer is (C) 1 and 3 only. The vapor pressure of a liquid in a closed container is primarily influenced by the temperature of the liquid and the surface area of the liquid. The quantity of liquid does not directly affect the vapor pressure.
The vapor pressure of a liquid is the pressure exerted by the vapor phase when the liquid is in equilibrium with its vapor in a closed system. The temperature of the liquid plays a crucial role in determining the vapor pressure. As the temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the liquid molecules also increases, leading to more frequent collisions with the container walls and increased vaporization, resulting in a higher vapor pressure. The surface area of the liquid also affects the vapor pressure. A larger surface area provides more space for the liquid molecules to escape into the vapor phase, increasing the rate of vaporization. Consequently, a larger surface area leads to a higher vapor pressure. On the other hand, the quantity of liquid in the container does not directly impact the vapor pressure. The quantity affects the total amount of vapor that can be present in the system, but it does not influence the pressure exerted by the vapor itself. Therefore, the vapor pressure of a liquid in a closed container depends on the temperature of the liquid and the surface area of the liquid, making option (C) the correct answer.
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which is the best practice recommended in the safety video to mix an acid or a base with a solvent?group of answer choicesyou pour them at the same timeadd acid or base to the solventadd solvent to the acid or basethe order is irrelevant
The best practice recommended in the safety video for mixing an acid or a base with a solvent is to add the acid or base to the solvent.
In the safety video, it is emphasized that adding acid or base to the solvent is the safest method. This is because if the solvent is added to the acid or base, there is a higher chance of splashing or overflowing, which could lead to a dangerous situation. It is important to also stir the mixture slowly and carefully while adding the acid or base to the solvent to ensure it is fully mixed before using it.
Additionally, wearing appropriate personal protective equipment such as gloves and safety goggles is crucial when handling chemicals. By following these safety guidelines, the risk of accidents or injury can be minimized while mixing acid or base with a solvent.
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in what kind of reaction does one element replace a similar element in a compound?
The type of reaction where one element replaces a similar element in a compound is called a single replacement reaction or a displacement reaction.
A single replacement reaction, also known as a displacement reaction, is a type of chemical reaction in which one element replaces another element in a compound.
In these reactions, a more reactive element replaces a less reactive element in a compound. The general form of a single replacement reaction can be represented as:
A + BC → AC + B
In this equation, A is the more reactive element that replaces B in the compound BC to form the new compound AC. The reaction occurs because A is more reactive than B and can displace it from the compound.
For example, the reaction between zinc (Zn) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) can be represented as:
Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
In this reaction, zinc is more reactive than hydrogen and displaces it from the hydrochloric acid to form zinc chloride and hydrogen gas.
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what is the ph of a 0.005 m hcl solution? assume complete dissociation.
The pH of a 0.005 M HCl solution is 2.30 which means that the solution is acidic since the pH is less than 7.
HCl is a strong acid, which means it completely dissociates in water to form H⁺ and Cl⁻ ions. The concentration of H⁺ ions in the solution is equal to the concentration of the HCl solution since it completely dissociates. Using the formula pH=-log[H⁺], we can calculate the pH of the solution.
pH=-log(0.005) = 2.30
Therefore, the pH of a 0.005 M HCl solution is 2.30. This means that the solution is acidic since the pH is less than 7. The lower the pH, the more acidic the solution is. HCl is commonly used in many industrial processes, and understanding the pH of its solutions is important for controlling reactions and ensuring product quality.
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what causes fats to solidify at cooler temperatures
Answer: van der Waals forces
Explanation: Cus im just like that
Fats solidify at cooler temperatures through a process called crystallization. The type of fat and the presence of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids can affect the temperature at which solidification occurs.
Explanation:Fats solidify at cooler temperatures due to a process called crystallization. When the temperature decreases, the molecules in the fat slow down and arrange themselves in a more ordered structure, forming crystals. This is similar to how water freezes into ice. The type of fat and the presence of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids can affect the temperature at which solidification occurs.
For example, saturated fats, such as those found in animal products like butter or lard, have straight chains of fatty acids that can pack closely together, leading to a higher solidification temperature. On the other hand, unsaturated fats, like those found in vegetable oils, have bent or kinked fatty acid chains, making it more difficult for them to stack together and solidify.
It is important to note that not all fats solidify at the same temperature. The specific composition and molecular structure of a fat will determine its solidification temperature. Additionally, factors such as impurities and the presence of other molecules can also influence the solidification process.
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What is the molarity (M) of 25.0 L of an aqueous solution that has 3,5 mol of KCI dissolved?
(Answer must include correct units and sigfigs - Always write the numerical value followed by 1 space followed by the unit)
Also: if the answer is less than 1, write a zero followed by the decimal point
The molarity of 25.0 L of an aqueous solution that has 3.5 mol of KCI dissolved is 0.14 M.
How to calculate molarity?The molarity of a solution is the concentration of a substance in solution, expressed as the number of moles of solute per litre of solution.
Molarity of a solution can be calculated by dividing the number of moles of the substance by its volume. According to this question, 25.0 L of an aqueous solution has 3.5 mol of KCI dissolved.
Molarity = 3.5 moles ÷ 25.0L
Molarity = 0.14 M.
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an isotope of which of the following elements is chosen as a standard in measuring atomic mass?
The isotope chosen as a standard in measuring atomic mass is carbon-12. Carbon-12 is the most abundant isotope of carbon, with six protons and six neutrons in its nucleus.
It is used as a standard because it has a mass of exactly 12 atomic mass units (amu), making it easy to compare the masses of other atoms and isotopes. Atomic mass is calculated based on the mass of an atom's protons and neutrons, and carbon-12 provides a consistent reference point for this calculation. Other isotopes and elements may be used for specific purposes, but carbon-12 is the standard for most applications in chemistry and physics.
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a titration of 25.00 ml solution of 0.10 m nh3 required 50.00 ml of a strong acid to reach the equivalence point. what is the ph at the equivalence of this titration? kb(nh3)
The pH at the equivalence point of this titration is approximately 12.52.
We need to calculate the concentration of the resulting solution and then determine the hydroxide ion concentration.
Moles of [tex]NH_3[/tex] =[tex]0.10 M * 0.02500 L = 0.0025 mol[/tex]
Since the stoichiometric ratio between [tex]NH_3[/tex] and the strong acid is 1:1, the moles of OH- produced at the equivalence point is also 0.0025 mol.
Next, we can calculate the concentration of OH-:
OH- concentration = moles of OH- / volume of the resulting solution
OH- concentration = 0.0025 mol / 0.07500 L = 0.033 M
Finally, we can find the pOH :
[tex]pOH = -log10(OH- concentration) = -log10(0.033)[/tex] ≈ 1.48
To calculate the pH, we subtract the pOH from 14:
pH = 14 - pOH ≈ 12.52
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When is the change of in enthalpy when 77. 2 grams of steam at 100c is converted liquid water at the same temperature and temperature?
The change in enthalpy, or heat of vaporization, when 77.2 grams of steam at 100°C is converted to liquid water at the same temperature is approximately 40.7 kJ/mol.
This value represents the amount of energy that must be removed from the steam to condense it into liquid water at 100°C. It is important to note that this value may vary slightly depending on the exact pressure and other conditions of the system.
The change in enthalpy, also known as the enthalpy of vaporization, occurs when steam is converted to liquid water at the same temperature. For this process, 77.2 grams of steam at 100°C is converted to liquid water at 100°C.
To calculate the change in enthalpy, we can use the formula:
ΔH = m × ΔHvap
where ΔH is the change in enthalpy, m is the mass of the steam (77.2 grams), and ΔHvap is the enthalpy of vaporization of water (approximately 40.7 kJ/mol at 100°C).
First, we need to convert the mass of steam to moles using the molar mass of water (18.015 g/mol):
moles of steam = (77.2 g) / (18.015 g/mol) ≈ 4.29 moles
Now we can calculate the change in enthalpy:
ΔH = (4.29 moles) × (40.7 kJ/mol) ≈ 174.6 kJ
So, the change in enthalpy when 77.2 grams of steam at 100°C is converted to liquid water at the same temperature is approximately 174.6 kJ.
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what is the correct numerical setup for calculating the volume of h2(g)
The correct numerical setup for calculating the volume of H₂(g) is to use the ideal gas law equation: PV=nRT.
To calculate the volume of a gas, we can use the ideal gas law equation, which relates the pressure, volume, amount of gas, and temperature of a gas. The equation is PV=nRT, where P is the pressure in atmospheres (atm), V is the volume in liters (L), n is the number of moles of gas, R is the ideal gas constant (0.0821 L·atm/mol·K), and T is the temperature in Kelvin (K).
For H₂ gas, we would need to know the pressure, temperature, and amount of gas present. If we have those values, we can rearrange the equation to solve for the volume of gas. It's important to note that this equation assumes ideal gas behavior, which may not be the case in all situations. Additionally, the units of pressure and temperature must be in the correct SI units for the equation to work.
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what is the gelatin-like substance that is used to grow microorganisms in a culture?
The gelatin-like substance commonly used to grow microorganisms in a culture is called agar. Agar is derived from seaweed and has several properties that make it ideal for microbiological applications.
It provides a solid surface for microorganisms to grow on, while allowing the diffusion of nutrients and waste products. Agar is also heat-stable, transparent, and easily sterilized, making it suitable for a wide range of laboratory techniques. Agar is a polysaccharide extracted from various species of red algae, primarily Gelidium and Gracilaria. It is widely used in microbiology as a solidifying agent in culture media. Agar-based media provide a semi-solid surface that supports the growth of microorganisms. Unlike other gelling agents, agar remains solid at a wide range of temperatures, including those suitable for microbial growth. The gel-like consistency of agar allows microorganisms to evenly distribute and grow throughout the medium. Agar is also inert and does not react with the culture components or microorganisms. It can be easily prepared by dissolving in water or broth, and its transparency allows for easy observation of colony formation and other microbial characteristics. Another advantage of agar is its ability to withstand high temperatures. It remains solid at temperatures up to 100 degrees Celsius, making it suitable for sterilization procedures like autoclaving. Once solidified, agar maintains its structure, providing a stable platform for microbial growth and preventing diffusion of microorganisms between colonies. Moreover, agar allows the diffusion of nutrients and waste products through its gel structure. This property is crucial for supporting the growth of microorganisms in culture. Nutrients can diffuse into the agar, providing a source of nourishment for the microorganisms, while metabolic waste products can diffuse out, preventing the accumulation of toxic substances. In conclusion, agar is a gelatin-like substance derived from seaweed, specifically used to grow microorganisms in a culture. Its unique properties, including solidification at a wide range of temperatures, transparency, stability, and diffusion capabilities, make it an indispensable component in microbiological laboratories for culturing and studying microorganisms.
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a precipitate of lead(ii)chloride forms when 70.0 mg of nacl is dissolved in 0.250 l of 0.12 m lead(ii)nitrate. true or false? ksp of pbcl2 is 1.7 x 10-5.
True. To determine if a precipitate of lead(II) chloride will form, we need to compare the ion product (Q) to the solubility product (Ksp) of lead(II) chloride.
The balanced equation for the reaction is:
Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + 2 NaCl (aq) → PbCl2 (s) + 2 NaNO3 (aq)
The initial concentration of lead(II) ions is:
[Pb2+] = 0.12 M
The initial concentration of chloride ions is:
[Cl-] = (70.0 mg / 58.44 g/mol) / 0.250 L = 1.197 M
The ion product is:
Q = [Pb2+][Cl-]^2 = (0.12 M)(1.197 M)^2 = 0.162 M^3
Since Q > Ksp (1.7 x 10^-5), a precipitate of lead(II) chloride will form.
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a sample is a mixture of cu(no3)2 and cuf2 and it contains no other components. the mass percent of oxygen in the sample is 30.71%. what is the mass percent of fluorine in the sample?
When, a sample having a mixture of Cu(NO₃)₂ and CuF₂ and it contains no other components. the mass percent of oxygen in the sample is 30.71%. Then, the mass percent of fluorine in the sample is 64.25%.
To find the mass percent of fluorine in the sample, we first need to calculate the mass percent of copper and oxygen, and then subtract their total from 100% to obtain the mass percent of fluorine.
Given; Mass percent of oxygen = 30.71%
Let's assume we have a 100-gram sample. This means that the mass of oxygen in the sample is 30.71 grams.
Calculate the mass of copper;
The molar mass of Cu(NO₃)₂ = 63.55 g/mol (Cu) + 2(14.01 g/mol (N) + 3(16.00 g/mol (O)) = 187.55 g/mol
The molar mass of CuF₂ = 63.55 g/mol (Cu) + 2(19.00 g/mol (F)) = 101.55 g/mol
Let's assume the mass of copper in the sample is x grams. Therefore, the mass of fluorine in the sample is (100 - x) grams.
The mass percent of oxygen in Cu(NO₃)₂ is; (3 × 16.00 g/mol (O) / 187.55 g/mol) × 100% = 25.67%
The mass percent of oxygen in CuF₂ is; 0% since there is no oxygen in CuF₂.
Calculate the mass percent of copper;
Using the given mass percent of oxygen, we can calculate the mass percent of copper as follows:
30.71% - 25.67% = 5.04%
Calculate the mass percent of fluorine;
The total mass percent of copper and fluorine in the sample is 100% - 30.71% = 69.29%
The mass percent of copper is 5.04%, so the mass percent of fluorine is;
69.29% - 5.04% = 64.25%
Therefore, the mass percent of fluorine in the sample is 64.25%.
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The mass percent of Fluorine in the sample will range between 0% and 23.65%. The exact amount requires additional information or some assumptions as we have two components in the given mixture.
Explanation:The mass percent of Oxygen in the mixture of Cu(NO3)2 and CuF2 is given as 30.71%. We know the total mass percentage of a compound is always 100%. Therefore, the rest of the compound must be the sum of the mass percentages of Copper, Nitrogen, and Fluorine.
First, we calculate the mass percentage of Copper and Nitrogen in each compound and sum them. Copper's atomic mass is 63.546 g/mol, Nitrogen's atomic mass is 14.007 g/mol. For Cu(NO3)2, there is one Copper atom and two Nitrogen atoms, so the combined mass percentage is (63.546 + 2*14.007) / (63.546 + 2*(14.007 + 3*15.999)) = 45.64%. For CuF2, the mass percentage of Copper is 63.546 / (63.546 + 2*18.998) = 57.11%. As these components are in some ratio to form the compound, the combined mass percentage will be somewhere in between 45.64% and 57.11%.
Since we have the mass percentage of Oxygen, we can subtract the minimum possible amount (which is when Copper and Nitrogen form the largest percentage, i.e. 45.64%) from 100%, to get the maximum possible mass percentage of Fluorine. So, the mass percent of Fluorine in the sample will be between 0% and (100% - 30.71% - 45.64%) = 23.65% based on these calculations.
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In which of the following aqueous solutions does the weak acid exhibit the highest percentage ionization?
A. 0.01 M HSO3â (Ka = 6.3 â10â8)
B. 0.01 M HF(Ka = 6.3 â 10â4)
C. 0.01 M H3BO3 (Ka = 5.4 â10â10)
D. 0.01 M HC2H3O2 (Ka = 1.8 â 10â5)
E. 0.01 M H2C2O4 (Ka = 5.8 â10â2)
The weak acid will exhibit the highest percentage ionization in the solution with the highest Ka value.
To determine the highest percentage ionization, we need to compare the acid dissociation constant (Ka) values of the given weak acids. A higher Ka value indicates a higher degree of ionization in the solution. Here are the Ka values for each option:
A. HSO3⁻ (Ka = 6.3 × 10^(-8))
B. HF (Ka = 6.3 × 10^(-4))
C. H3BO3 (Ka = 5.4 × 10^(-10))
D. HC2H3O2 (Ka = 1.8 × 10^(-5))
E. H2C2O4 (Ka = 5.8 × 10^(-2))
From the given Ka values, we can see that HF (B) has the highest Ka value, which means it has the highest percentage ionization among the given aqueous solutions of weak acids.
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how much heat is required to warm 1.40 kg of sand from 26.0 ∘c to 100.0 ∘c?
It would require 147,560 J of heat to warm 1.40 kg of sand from 26.0 ∘c to 100.0 ∘c. To calculate the amount of heat required to warm 1.40 kg of sand from 26.0 ∘c to 100.0 ∘c, we need to use the formula Q = mcΔT.
Here, Q represents the amount of heat, m represents the mass of the sand, c represents the specific heat capacity of sand, and ΔT represents the change in temperature.
First, we need to find the specific heat capacity of sand, which is 0.83 J/g°C. To convert this to kg, we multiply by 1000, giving us 830 J/kg°C.
Next, we can plug in the values into the formula:
Q = (1.40 kg) x (830 J/kg°C) x (100.0°C - 26.0°C)
Q = 147,560 J
Therefore, it would require 147,560 J of heat to warm 1.40 kg of sand from 26.0 ∘c to 100.0 ∘c.
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a 1.00 l solution contains 20.52 g of nitrous acid, hno2. what mass of sodium nitrite, nano2, should be added to it to make a buffer with a ph of 3.76? ka (hno2)
You should add 76.5 g of NaNO2 to make the desired buffer. To make a buffer with a pH of 3.76 using HNO2 and NaNO2, you need to apply the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation: pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA]). The given pH is 3.76 and Ka(HNO2) = 4.5 x 10^-4, so pKa = -log(Ka) = 3.35.
Rearrange the equation to find the ratio [A-]/[HA]: 10^(3.76 - 3.35) = 2.54. Here, [HA] refers to the initial concentration of HNO2 and [A-] to the concentration of NaNO2. Given 20.52 g of HNO2 in a 1.00 L solution, its concentration is (20.52 g/mol) / 47.013 g/mol = 0.436 M.
Solve for [A-]: [A-] = 2.54 x [HA] = 2.54 x 0.436 = 1.11 M. To find the mass of NaNO2, use the formula: mass = (1.11 mol/L x 1.00 L) x 68.995 g/mol = 76.5 g. Thus, you should add 76.5 g of NaNO2 to make the desired buffer.
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a physical changegroup of answer choicesoccurs when propane is burned for heat.occurs when iron rusts.occurs when glucose is converted into energy within your cells.occurs when water is evaporated.occurs when sugar is heated into caramel.
A physical change refers to a change in the state or appearance of a substance without changing its chemical composition.
When propane is burned for heat, it undergoes a physical change as it transitions from a gas to water vapor and releases heat energy. Similarly, when iron rusts, it undergoes a physical change as it transforms from metallic iron to hydrated iron oxide. When glucose is converted into energy within your cells, it undergoes a chemical change rather than a physical change as the glucose molecule is broken down and transformed into other molecules.
When water is evaporated, it undergoes a physical change as it transitions from a liquid to a gas. Finally, when sugar is heated into caramel, it undergoes a physical change as it changes color, texture, and taste, but its chemical composition remains the same.
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Carbon monoxide at a pressure of 680 mmHg reacts completely with O2 at a pressure of 340 mmHg in a sealed vessel to produce CO2. What is the final pressure in the flask?
The final pressure in the flask is 340 mmHg, which is the initial pressure of O2.
To determine the final pressure in the flask after the reaction between carbon monoxide (CO) and oxygen (O2) to produce carbon dioxide (CO2), we can apply Dalton's law of partial pressures.
According to Dalton's law, the total pressure in a mixture of gases is the sum of the individual partial pressures of each gas.
In this case, the initial pressures are given as 680 mmHg for CO and 340 mmHg for O2. Since the reaction is said to proceed completely, we assume that all the CO reacts with O2 to form CO2.
Therefore, CO will be completely consumed, and the final pressure will be solely due to the presence of CO2.
Since CO is consumed, its partial pressure becomes zero. Thus, the final pressure in the flask will be equal to the pressure of CO2 produced.
Therefore, the final pressure in the flask is 340 mmHg, which is the initial pressure of O2.
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What would be the final temperature of a 73.17 g sample of copper with
an initial temperature of 102.0°C, after it loses 6800 J? Copper has a specific
heat of 0.387 J/g x°C
The final temperature of the copper sample is 126.1 °C.
Given:
m = 73.17 g
T initial = 102.0°C
Q = 6800 J
c = 0.387 J/g x°C
Use the formula:
Q = mcΔT
where Q is the heat lost by the copper, m is the mass of the copper, c is the specific heat of the copper, and ΔT is the change in temperature of the copper.
Rearrange the formula:
ΔT = Q / mc
Substitute the values in the given equation:
ΔT = -6800 J / (73.17 g x 0.387 J/g x °C)
ΔT = -24.1 °C
The negative sign indicates a decrease in temperature.
In the final temperature, subtract the change in temperature from the initial temperature:
T final = T initial - ΔT
T final = 102.0 °C - (-24.1 °C)
T final = 126.1 °C
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metallic potassium crystallizes in a body-centered cubic lattice, with one atom per lattice point. if the metallic radius of is 231 pm, what is the volume of the unit cell in and in ?
The body-centered cubic (BCC) lattice has 2 lattice points, one at the center and one at the corners of the unit cell the volume of the unit cell is approximately 76.4 Å^3 or 7.64×10^-23 m^3.
In a body-centered cubic lattice, there are eight atoms at the corners of the cube and one atom in the center of the cube. Each corner atom contributes 1/8 of its volume to the unit cell, while the central atom contributes its entire volume to the unit cell. Therefore, the total volume of the unit cell can be calculated as follows Total volume = (Volume contributed by corner atoms) + (Volume contributed by central atom)
Total volume = (8 corners) x (1/8 of each corner's volume) + (1 central atom) x (entire volume)
Total volume = (8 corners) x (1/8 x a³) + (1 central atom) x (4/3 x pi x (r)³)
Total volume = a³ + (4/3 x pi x (r)³)Where a is the length of one side of the cube and r is the metallic radius of potassium.
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a 0.12 m solution of an acid that ionizes only slightly in solution would be termed _____
The term "ionizes" refers to the process by which an acid dissociates into its ions in solution. An acid that ionizes only slightly in solution is considered a weak acid.
A 0.12 m (molar) solution of a weak acid that ionizes only slightly would be considered dilute because it contains a relatively low concentration of acid molecules.
A 0.12 M solution of an acid that ionizes only slightly in solution would be termed a "weak acid."
Weak acids do not fully ionize in solution, meaning they only partially dissociate into their constituent ions. This results in a lower concentration of H+ ions and a higher pH value compared to strong acids.
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PLEASE ASNWER QUICK!!!! AND RIGHT ANSWERS!! 50 POINTS!!
2C2H2 (g) + 5O2(g) --> 4CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
How many liters of C2H2 are required to produce 8 L of CO2 assuming the reaction is at STP?
L C2H2
Answer:
3.95 L
Explanation:
To solve this problem, we need to use stoichiometry and the ideal gas law to determine the amount of C2H2 required to produce 8 L of CO2 at STP.
First, we need to determine the number of moles of CO2 produced from 8 L at STP. The molar volume of an ideal gas at STP is 22.4 L/mol, so:
8 L CO2 * (1 mol CO2 / 22.4 L CO2) = 0.357 mol CO2
Next, we can use the balanced chemical equation to determine the number of moles of C2H2 required to produce 0.357 mol CO2. From the balanced equation, we see that 2 moles of C2H2 produce 4 moles of CO2, so:
2 mol C2H2 / 4 mol CO2 = 0.5 mol C2H2 / mol CO2
0.357 mol CO2 * (0.5 mol C2H2 / mol CO2) = 0.179 mol C2H2
Finally, we can use the ideal gas law to convert the number of moles of C2H2 to volume at STP. The ideal gas law is PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature. At STP, the pressure is 1 atm and the temperature is 273 K, so:
V = nRT / P = (0.179 mol) * (0.0821 Latm/(molK)) * (273 K) / (1 atm) = 3.95 L
Therefore, 3.95 L of C2H2 are required to produce 8 L of CO2 at STP.
literary criticism began with aristotle when he wrote
Aristotle's work "Poetics" is considered the starting point of literary criticism. In this work, Aristotle analyzes the elements of tragedy and provides a framework for understanding the structure and function of drama.
Aristotle's "Poetics" was the first systematic study of literature and the starting point for literary criticism. In this work, Aristotle defines tragedy and identifies the key elements that make it effective.
He argues that plot is the most important element of tragedy, and that it should be structured in a way that creates a powerful emotional response in the audience. He also discusses the role of character and language in tragedy, and provides guidelines for the creation of successful literary works.
Aristotle's ideas have been influential in literary criticism for centuries, and continue to shape our understanding of literature today.
He discusses the role of plot, character, and language in creating a successful work of literature, and his ideas have had a significant impact on the study of literature and literary criticism.
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