The symbiotc theory explains that some of the organelles in eukaryotic cells were once prokaryotic microbe .
Why symbiosis is necessary in evolution?
In nature, symbiosis—the close association of two or more organisms—occurs frequently. Symbiotic interactions impact the physiology of the interacting partners, affect their ecological dynamics and evolutionary processes, and eventually change the distribution of species over the world.
The endosymbiotic theory explains that some of the organelles in eukaryotic cells were once prokaryotic microbes. Mitochondria and Chloroplast are the same size as prokaryotic cells and divide by binary fission. Mitochondria and Chloroplast have their own DNA which is circular not linear.
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Pretend that the stomatal density is equal across a leaf that is 20cm^2 in size. If you count 46 stomata in a fov that is 2,009,600μm^2, how many stomata would be on the entire leaf?.
The number of stomata on entire leaf is 45780 stomata
How many stomata would be on the entire leaf?Since the stomatal density is equal across a leaf that is 20cm² in size. If you count 46 stomata in a fov that is 2,009,600μm².
Since the stomatal density is equal across the leaf, we have that
number of stomata on leaf/area of leaf = number of stomata in fov/area of fov
Given that
area of leaf = 20 cm² = 20 × 10⁸ μm², number of stomata in fov = 46 and area of fov = 2,009,600μm²So, the number of stomata on the leaf is given by
number of stomata on leaf = number of stomata in fov/area of fov × area of leaf
Substituting the values of the variables inbto the equation, we have
number of stomata on leaf = number of stomata in fov/area of fov × area of leaf
number of stomata on leaf = 46/2,009,600μm² × 20 × 10⁸ μm²
= 920/2,009,600μm² × 10⁸ μm²
= 0.000457803 × 10⁸ stomata
= 45780.3 stomata
≅ 45780 stomata
So, the number of stomata on entire leaf is 45780 stomata
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Describe how chromosomes are dynamic structures and way to regulate chromatin structure. include discussion of hdacs, hats, nucleosome repositioning complexes and methyltransferases.
Chromosome
In the nucleus of every cell, the DNA molecule is packaged into thread-like structures known as chromosomes. Each body of chromosome is created from DNA tightly looped so many times around proteins knows as histones that support its structure.Dynamic nature of structure of chromosomes
Chromosomes endure dramatic structural changes throughout the cell cycle, which guarantee trustworthy transmission of the genetic information into daughter cellsAfter cellular division, every chromosome consists of a single chromatid with a rather extended configuration. Throughout S phase, it is entirely duplicated and producing a pair of sister chromatids. The physical contact between the sister chromatids (sister chromatid cohesion) is established at this stage and should be maintained throughout G2 phase. When cells enter mitosis, chromatids condense to create a metaphase chromosome, within which the shut juxtaposition of the two chromatids becomes apparent cytologically. At the metaphase-to-anaphase transition, cohesion is suddenly lost on the whole length of the chromatids, permitting them to be force apart by microtubules that emanate from opposite poles of the spindle. Once separation is completed, the chromatids decondense and a brand new cell cycle starts.mechanisms of cell cycle progression that underlie these changes in body of chromosome structure.components of the chromosome body contribute to its morphological transformation.chromosomal protein complexes directly concerned in cohesion and condensation these processes are coordinated with one other at a mechanistic level. a definite balance between cohesion and condensation verify the shape of the metaphase chromosome in mitosis.Cohesion and condensation are the process in mitosis is mediated by two SMC protein complexes. SMC proteins are elements of multiprotein complexes, like condensin and cohesin, that are essential for mitotic chromosome architecture, the regulation of sister chromatid pairing, DNA repair and replication, and therefore the regulation of gene expression.Interphase consisit of composed of G1 phase (cell growth), followed by S phase (DNA synthesis), followed by G2 phase (cell growth). At the end of interphase comes the mitotic phase, that is formed up of mitosis and results in the formation of two daughter cellsSteps involved in Regulation of chromatin structures
Along the cells, deoxyribinucleic acid(DNA) is condensed into tightly packed body substance of chromatin made by nucleosomesHistones the proteins that deoxyribonucleic acid is enclosed and it will permit some enzymes to attached and access to genes. Accounting on, if the simple protein of histone is acylated – this causes histones to be loosely packed. If not acetylated chromosome is closely packed preventing the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from being readDNA methylation – regions of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that are sometimes transcribed, inactivated genes thanks to the addition of methyl groups. If they are removed DNA will then activate these genesBoth DNA methylation & histone acetylation are examples of epigenetic inheritance traits transmitted by the mechanisms ultimately involving the sequenceHDCA’s
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) is an catalyst that removes the acyl group from histone proteins on DNA, creating the DNA less accessible to transcription factors.HTA’s
Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) are catalyst that acetylate conserved lysine amino acids on histone proteins by transferring an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to form ε-N-acetyllysine. DNA is wrapped around histones, and, by transferring an acyl group to the histones, genes will be turned on and off. In general, histone acylation will increases gene expression. The enzymes that catalyze histone acylation (HAT) and deacylation (HDAC) are crucial parts that regulate chromatin dynamics and gene expression.Nucleosome repositioning complexes
Nucleosome repositioning at gene sequence promoters is a fundamental facet of the regulation of gene expression. During activation, nucleosomes are resettled to permit sites of general transcription issue binding and transcription initiation to become accessible.Methyl transferase
Methyltransferases are enzymes that everyone methylate their substrates however will be split intomany subclasses based on their structural options.Example Methylates PLK1— is one among methyl transferase enzyme it is a key regulator of mitosis and extremely expressed in tumour cellsTo know more about Chromosome visit : https://brainly.com/question/1596925
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i contain elements C,H, and O and have a ring like structure
Answer:
Carbohydrates contain the elements C, H, and O and have a ring like structure.
The function of a __________ molecule depends on its __________ and how it interacts with other protein molecules. An organism has two copies of a __________ for each feature. The two copies of a gene for each feature can be the same version (__________) and provide instructions for only __________ type of protein. The two copies of a gene for each feature can be different versions (__________) and provide instructions for __________ types of proteins. Organisms inherit their genes through __________ reproduction. Each parent __________ passes on one of its two copies of each gene to its __________. Through sexual reproduction, each offspring can __________ a different combination of gene versions. Therefore, __________ can have different traits from each other and even from their parents.
one
randomly
gene
homozygous
structure
offspring
sexual
siblings
heterozygous
two
inherit
protein
protein
structure
gene
homozygous
one
heterozygous
two
sexual
randomly
offspring
inherit
siblings
The structure of a protein molecule and its interactions with other protein molecules determine how that molecule functions. Each feature's gene is present in two copies in an organism. Each feature may have two identical copies of the same gene (homozygous), which only codes for one kind of protein. Each feature may have two copies of a gene that code for two different kinds of proteins, known as heterozygosity. Genes are passed down to new organisms through sexual reproduction. One of each gene's two copies from each parent is randomly transferred to the offspring. Each sexually reproduced child has the potential to receive a unique set of gene variants. Siblings might therefore differ from one another and even from their parents in terms of personality qualities.
What is a protein?a structure composed of amino acids. The body need proteins to function properly. They serve as the building blocks for several bodily components, including the skin, hair, and enzymes, cytokines, and antibodies.Living things contain chemical molecules called proteins. They carry out a variety of activities, including planning, moving, and protecting. A protein is made up of chains of amino acids and can have up to four different structural levels. Examples of particular proteins are collagen, insulin, and anti-corps.What components make up protein?The building blocks of proteins are amino acids, which are small chemical molecules with an alpha (central) carbon atom linked to an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a variable component.What sources of protein are there?Animal-based meals (meat, chicken, fish, eggs, and dairy products) are frequently good providers of essential amino acids, but plant-based foods (fruits, vegetables, grains, nuts, and seeds) frequently lack one or more of them. Complete protein is usually found in foods like (meat, fowl, fish, eggs, and dairy products).To learn more about proteins visit:
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_____ refers to the ability of the heart, blood vessels, and lungs to supply oxygen to working muscles during physical activity for prolonged periods of time.
The term "aerobic fitness" describes the body's capacity to provide oxygen-rich blood to functioning muscles over extended periods of time during physical activity.
Exercise is said to as aerobic if it primarily uses the aerobic energy-generating process. The dictionary defines the term "aerobic" as the use of oxygen to properly meet the energy requirements of aerobic metabolism while doing an activity. Any sort of cardiovascular fitness, or "cardio," such as brisk walking, swimming, jogging, or cycling, is regarded as an aerobic workout.Aerobic exercise raises heart rate and respiration and is defined as exercise that involves breathing with oxygen. The risk of several diseases is reduced by aerobic exercise. Obesity, heart disease, high blood pressure, type 2, stroke, and specific forms of cancer are among these conditions. Aerobic activities that involve weight-bearing, like walking, help reduce the incidence of osteoporosis.learn more about Aerobic fitness here: https://brainly.com/question/1744272
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Ear wax, which is produced in the external auditory canal, contains chemicals that guard the ear from infections. please select the best answer from the choices provided t f
The statement 'ear wax, which is produced in the external auditory canal, contains chemicals that guard the ear from infections' is true.
In the field of human anatomy, ear wax can be described as a lubricating wax that is produced by the external auditory canal of the ear.
Ear wax plays a major role in the protection of the ear as it contains antibacterial chemicals. These antibacterial chemicals prevent infections.
The ear wax can also trap all the dust particles so that they are prevented traveling inside of the ear as the inside of the ear is very delicate.
The ear wax falls out of the ear by itself and the trapped particles also move out along with it.
However, an ear blockage can occur if the ear wax gets too deep into the ear canal.
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A nurse is caring for a client with ringworm. which microorganism causes ringworm in a client?
A nurse is caring for a client with ringworm. The microorganism that causes ringworm is fungi.
In the field of medicine, ringworm is a disease caused by different species of fungi. The disease is named so because of the itchy, red circular patches that are caused by the fungi in infected individuals. The microorganism that causes ringworm is a fungus though often as the name includes 'worm' in it, people think that it is caused by a worm.
Ringworm infections can be caused in humans as well as animals. The most common sign to diagnose ringworm is the patches of a ring, red in color that are visible on the skin. The infected area is itchy and makes the patient uncomfortable.
Over-the-counter antifungal medicine can be used initially for the treatment of ringworm. However, if the infection still persists, then the client needs to visit the hospital for treatment.
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What characteristic of water allows it to hold heat well?
The characteristic of water allows it to hold heat well is hydrogen bonds between water molecules.
What is hydrogen bonds?hydrogen bonding can be described as the bond that can be found between different molecules such as that of water that bring about the heat capacity of it.
It should be noted that this can be seen between a pair of other atoms , however, this can be seen to be from the attractive force between a hydrogen atom , hence we can come into conclusion that characteristic of water allows it to hold heat well is hydrogen bonds between water molecules and other molecules.
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NOTE; This question is complete because there is no given option.
Compare the number and variety of organisms
When we go from a species to a kingdom, there are more and more different kinds of life.
A group of distinct organisms with shared essential characteristics is referred to as a species. They typically contain creatures that are morphologically similar and closely related.
A Genus is a collection of related species that is a part of a Family of related genera.
Higher taxonomy categories are based on a broader range of commonalities. An Order is formed by families that are quite similar. Classes consist of related orders.
Different species within a Phylum only share one or two characteristics in common. For instance, the presence of a notochord places classes Mammalia, Pices, and Amphibia all within the phylum Chordata.
The Kingdom, which is the classification of several categories, is the last step.
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All living things are made up of prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells. which function is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Answer:
cell wall is present in both
According to one study, the mass of the entire human population is approximately 290,000,000,000,000 grams.Assuming that 1 ear of corn weighs approximately 130 grams and the average cow weighs 700,000 grams, calculate how many ears of corn are needed to feed the human population in the following scenarios.
(A) If humans were herbivores/primary consumers.
(B) If humans were carnivores/ secondary consumers.
(C) Which type of diet for humans can feed the most people with the smallest amount of corn? Why?
Sunlight is the initial source of energy in an ecosystem, which then moves through primary producers (plants and algae), primary consumers (herbivores), secondary and tertiary consumers (people), and so on.
According to the 10% rule of Lindman's energy efficiency of any ecosystem, these forms constitute trophic levels, and only 10% of the energy spent by one trophic level is transferred to the next trophic level to whom it feeds food.As a result, of the benefits that plants receive from sunshine, only 10% are consumed by herbivores.It transitions from herbivores to carnivores and so forth.For the sake of simplicity, we shall use the 10% rule to our scenario when comparing the mass of one trophic level to the next.
a) Humans were herbivores and got their mass from plants
As each corn on average weighs 130 g
The amount of mass transferred to humans will be only 10% of that
= (10/100) x 130 = 13 g
Total mass of humans is given as 290,000,000,000,000 or 290 x [tex]10^{12}[/tex] g
To make such a big mass number of corns that only provide 13 g will be =290 x [tex]10^{12}[/tex] g / 13
= 22.3 x [tex]10^{12}[/tex] g ears of corn required.
So, number of corns needed for a total of humans = 22.3 x [tex]10^{12}[/tex] g
b) Humans were carnivores then we calculate how many cows would make that much human mass and how many corns needed for each cow and then multiply these numbers:
Each Cow weighs 700,000 g or 700 x [tex]10^{3}[/tex]g
And it will provide only 10% of its mass to consumers
= (10/100) x 700 x [tex]10^{3}[/tex]g
= 70 x [tex]10^{3}[/tex] g
To make complete mass of humans we will need,
(290 x [tex]10^{12}[/tex])/(70 x [tex]10^{3}[/tex]) = 4.1 x [tex]10^{9}[/tex] g cows.
We know that each com only provides 13 g to primary consumers. Hence each cow will need,
= (700x[tex]10^{3}[/tex]) / 13
= 53.8 x [tex]10^{3}[/tex] g ears of corn
Therefore, the total number of corns required to make the total human mass will be (4.1x[tex]10^{9}[/tex]) x (53.8 x [tex]10^{3}[/tex])
= 220.6 x[tex]10^{12}[/tex] g ears of corn
Number of corns needed for a total of humans = 220.6 x[tex]10^{12}[/tex] g
c) Diet for humans:
From the aforementioned comparison, it is clear that eating a non-vegetarian diet results in our consuming a lot more first crops or primary consumers—in fact, ten times more.
If we all go to a vegetarian diet, we will be able to feed more people than we can by eating meat due to the planet's constantly growing population.
When we consume from plants directly, as opposed to when we consume it indirectly through a carnivorous diet, we can feed ten times more people.
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Cell division and cell growth are controlled in multicellular organisms. What is an example of this control?
The skin
The digestive tract
The heart
The nose
Somatic neurons and autonomic preganglionic neurons release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from their axon terminals. True or false
Somatic neurons and autonomic preganglionic neurons release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from their axon terminals. - TRUE
The peripheral nervous system has acetylcholine neurons in every area. Acetylcholine is released into skeletal muscle by motor neurons in the somatic nervous system.Since they terminate in skeletal muscle, they are often referred to as motor neurons. They are just excitatory, that is, they only cause the muscle to contract, and they release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine within the muscle fibers.Acetylcholine is released when an action potential is conveyed to the axon terminal, where depolarization causes voltage-gated calcium channels to open and enable an influx of calcium, which then permits the release of acetylcholine-containing vesicles into the synaptic cleft.learn more about Somatic neurons here: https://brainly.com/question/12844785
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This dna integrates with the host dna and more ____________ can be copied from this to biosynthesize hiv.
Answer: This DNA integrates with the host DNA and more RNA can be copied from this to biosynthesize HIV
Explanation:
What is the most helpful feature in differentiating the mucormycetes (zygomycetes) from the other hyaline molds in the clinical mycology laboratory?
(4) The formation of aseptate hyphae is the most helpful feature in differentiating the mucormycetes (zygomycetes) from the other hyaline molds in the clinical mycology laboratory.
The Zygomycetes are the only organisms that can produce spores inside of sporangia.
Zygomycetes are known for producing rhizoids and aseptate hyphae, however not all species of these fungi exhibit these traits consistently or at all stages of maturation. Only Rhizopus and Absidia species consistently produce rhizoids, and when the colonies develop, particularly in the sporangiophores, there may occasionally be septations visible in the hyphae of each of the Zygomycetes.
Although many strains of Aspergillus species and other hyaline fungi can grow during the span of two to three days, the Zygomycetes are among the fungi with the fastest growth rates.
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Question correction:
The most helpful feature in differentiating the Zygomycetes from the other hyaline molds in the clinical mycology laboratory is:
Please select the single best answer
Rapid growth rateThe production of spores within sporangiaThe production of rhizoidsThe formation of aseptate hyphae
Salivary cells produce amylase, which is a type of protein, what type of cell structure will they have a lot of?
Salivary cells produce amylase, which is a type of protein, the type of cell structure will they have a lot of acinar cell.
Define amylase.An enzyme or particular protein called amylase aids in the digestion of carbohydrates. Your salivary glands and pancreas produce the majority of the amylase in your body.
Your blood and urine should include a little quantity of amylase. However, having too much or too little can indicate a problem with the pancreas, the salivary glands, or another health issue.
Define salivary gland.Mammal salivary glands are exocrine glands that create saliva via a network of channels. Along with hundreds of minor salivary glands, humans have three pairs of main salivary glands: parotid, submandibular, and sublingual. There are three types of salivary glands: serous, mucous, and seromucous (mixed).
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The perception pathway corresponds to the _____ pathway, while the action pathway corresponds to the _____ pathway.
The perception pathway corresponds to the "what" pathway, while the action pathway corresponds to the "where" pathway.
What: temporal lobe; ventral pathwaywhere: dorsal pathway: parietal lobe, spacial orientationA suggested structure of the visual system based on neuroanatomical, electrophysiological, and lesion investigations is known as the "what and where pathways." It defines two information processing streams that come from the occipital cortex and display relative specialization in object recognition and spatial vision.
The dorsal stream flows to the parietal cortex, and the ventral stream goes to the temporal cortex (where). According to the currently accepted theory, the various maps are organized hierarchically into two main pathways: the ventral stream, also known as the "what" pathway, which is involved in recognition and memory, and the dorsal stream, also known as the "where" pathway, which is involved in action programming.
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What is the 10% Rule? What is significant about it? Why is energy lost?
The differences between two molecules include the type of sugar that forms a section of the
molecules and the identity of one of the four nitrogenous bases that make up another section
of the molecules
RNA and DNA - Nucleic Acids. They contain instructions for a cell's proper operation as well as the genetic code for that cell. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are the two primary forms of nucleic acids .
All living things, from single-celled bacteria to multicellular animals, have DNA as their genetic makeup. Protein synthesis is primarily carried out by RNA, the other kind of nucleic acid. Nucleotides are the monomers that make up DNA and RNA. A polynucleotide, such as DNA or RNA, is created when the nucleotides unite. The three parts that make up each nucleotide are a nitrogenous base, a pentose (five-carbon) sugar, and a phosphate group. A nucleotide's nitrogenous bases are each joined to sugar molecules that are joined to phosphate groups by sugar molecules.
Nitrogenous base: A nitrogen-containing molecule with base-like chemical characteristics.
Nitrogenous bases found in DNA,
Adenine (A)Guanine (G)Thymine (T)Cytosine (C)With one exception, the nitrogenous bases found in RNA
Adenine (A)Guanine (G)Uracil (U)Cytosine (C).Learn more about Nitrogenous base
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anaerobic means respiration with oxygen present.
true
false
Answer:
false
Explanation:
i think its false
What is significant about the R-group of an amino acid?
R-groups are unique to each amino acid.
R-groups are the only constant component among amino acids.
R-groups are unreactive.
R-groups form the backbone of proteins.
Answer:
R-groups are unique to each amino acid
Explanation:
If there is only one correct answer, this is the one
I need help! lol
Write the reaction needed to remove a glucose molecule from a polysaccharide, 100 glucose molecules long.
and this:
write the reaction needed to build the rabbits polysaccharide from 50 glucose molecules
Help asppp!!
Based on early observations, including those in the
table below, scientists proposed that the continents
were once together but had drifted apart. However,
scientists could not identify anything that would make
them move. New technology, such as a worldwide
network of earthquake detectors, led to new
observations. Then scientists proposed that Earth's
surface was divided into tectonic plates that would
move as a result of forces linked to earthquakes and
the formation of new ocean floor.
Early Observations
Coastlines of Africa and South
America seem to fit together.
Similar fossils have been found in
both continents.
New Observations
Most earthquakes and volcanoes
occur along certain lines.
A mountainous ridge down the
center of the Atlantic Ocean
formed new ocean floor.
How are continental drift and plate tectonics related?
O Continental drift was the hypothesis that led to the
theory of plate tectonics.
O Continental drift was the theory that became the law
of plate tectonics.
O The theory of continental drift was modified based
on the new observations to become the theory of
plate tectonics.
O The theory of continental drift was proven false, and
the law of plate tectonics took its place.
What would happen if humans produced reproductive cells through mitosis instead of meiosis?
If humans will start producing gamete cells through mitosis rather than meiosis then each gamete cell will now be diploid and will each coming generation the number of the chromosome will get doubled.
The two separate cell division processes are meiosis and mitosis.
Mitosis, commonly referred to as cell duplication or reproduction, is the process by which a cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells. Mitosis refers to the processes of chromosome duplication and distribution, which are where the genetic material is stored.
Meiosis is a type of cell division that occurs in sexually reproducing organisms and lowers the number of chromosomes in gametes (the sex cells, or egg and sperm). Human body cells, also known as somatic cells, have two sets of chromosomes and are diploid (one from each parent).
Hence, if the gametes start producing via mitosis then they will be diploid and thus when theses gametes will fuse together to form zygote it will be tetraploid and thus with each generation the number of chromosomes will be doubled.
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How does the structure of the stomach best represent the relationship between structure and function?
Responses
The powerful muscles around the stomach help it compress food.
The spongy texture of the stomach helps it absorb food and liquids.
The acid-resistant tissue of the stomach holds acid that breaks down food.
The stomach has multiple chambers to improve digestion of food.
The stomach has multiple chambers to improve digestion of food. This structure of the stomach best represent the relationship between structure and function.
What effect does the structure of the stomach have on how it functions?The stomach is a muscular organ with a spherical form that stretches. Numerous systems inside of this sac partially digest or break down food, which ties this structure to its function. The stomach can expand when it is full of food, but it can also contract when it is empty.
What are the stomach's four primary purposes?With humans, the stomach's main job is to aid in digestion. Acid secretion, enzyme secretion, participation in gastrointestinal motility, and its role as a reservoir are the four main features of gastric digestive function.
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Complete each sentence regarding the bones of the upper extremity. Then place the sentences in order, based on the bones, from proximal to distal
i. The lower leg consists of two bones. The tibia is more medial, while the fibula is more lateral.
ii. The metatarsals, which are five little, long bones, are located at the top of the foot.
The tarsals, which comprise seven irregularly shaped bones, are located in the foot.
iv. The patella is another name for the kneecap.
v. The phalanges, or little bones that make up the toes, are 14.
The femur can be found in the thigh.
The body is shaped and supported by bone, which also protects several organs. Additionally, bone serves as a place to store minerals and offers the marrow necessary for the production and preservation of blood cells.
A protein called collagen forms the structure of bones, and calcium phosphate, a mineral, gives the framework strength and hardness. When other body parts require calcium, bones release some of the calcium they have stored into the blood.
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The complete question is ''Complete each sentence regarding the bones of the lower extremity. Then place the sentences in order, based on the bones, from proximal to distal .
tarsals
15
14
6
humerus
5
patella
femur
phalanges
tibia
7
8
fibula
metatarsals
i. There are 2 bones in the lower leg. The________ is more medial, and the________ is more lateral
ii. There are________ small bones of the toes that are called the__________
iii. There are ________irregular shaped bones in the foot known as the _________
iv. The ________is also known knee cap
v. There are __________small, long bones found in the top of the foot called _________
vi. The __________is found in the thigh .
The plasma membrane of the synaptic terminal bouton contains:_____.
The terminal bouton of an axon is a particular presynaptic terminal. Terminal boutons contain the organelles, proteins, and chemicals necessary for the transfer of chemical and electrical information to the postsynaptic cell. Axon terminals often referred to as synaptic boutons, terminal boutons, or end feet, are the terminal terminations of an axon's telodendria (branches).
The axon terminal of a transmitting cell contains a number of synaptic vesicles. These are spheres with membranes surrounding them and neurotransmitter molecules inside.The tiny gap between the axon hillock of the presynaptic neuron and the membrane of the postsynaptic cell is known as the synaptic cleft.Synaptic vesicles, which are located in the terminal buttons, are home to neurotransmitters, the molecular messengers of the nervous system. Axons can range in length from a few millimeters to many feet.
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Animals can be trained to perform many behaviors through _____; that is, by providing well-timed rewards as the animals progressively better approximate the desired behaviors.
Animals can be trained to perform many behaviors through shaping.
Shaping is a conditioning paradigm primarily used in experimental behavioral analysis. The method used is successive approximation differential amplification. It was introduced to pigeons by B.F. Skinner and expanded to dogs, dolphins, humans and other species.
Shaping in psychology is the process of training a learned behavior that does not normally occur. Reinforcement or rewards are provided for each behavior that approaches the desired outcome until the target behavior is achieved.
Shaping, also known as iterative approximation, can also be defined as the process of enhancing a behavior closer to the target behavior. This concept was first developed and used by B.F. Skinner, known for his theory on learning by reinforcement.
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How is the weather is created?
Weather is made up of six main components. These are temperature, atmospheric pressure, cloud formation, wind, humidity and rain. A small change to any of these conditions can create a different weather pattern. Every weather pattern has a knock-on effect, creating a ripple effect around the world.
When is an earthquake most likely to occur?
A.when the earth’s plates pull away from each other
B.when the earth’s plates slide past each other
C.when the earth's plates slide beneath one another
D.when the earth's plates stay in place
