_____ aid in the coordination of the activities of adjacent animal cells.a). Plasmodesmatab). Keratin fibersc). Tight junctionse). Desmosomesf). Gap (communicating) junctionsExpert Answer
Gap (communicating) junctions help in the coordination of the actions of adjacent animal cells.
Gap junctions can be considered as leaky junctions that connect the two corresponding cells in animals and therefore establish connection between them. The cytoplasm of the two cells remain in direct contact due to gap junctions.
Animal cells are the type of eukaryotic cells that do not contain the cell wall. They consist of plasma membrane and all of the cell organelles like mitochondria, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, golgi body, etc. However, animal cells do not possess the chloroplasts as present in plant cells. They contain centrioles specific to animal cells only.
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f this gene were found to be expressed at different levels in different cells of the same organism, what would be responsible? quizzlet
Answer:
By the sperm cell dividing or by 5 sperm cells enter the egg at the same time
Explanation:
One sperm cell can break down into two to or two sperm cell reach the egg at the same time resulting in either Identical twins (monozygotic) or Fraternal (dizygotic) so that theory explain in Quintuplets
the part of the respiratory system that is the voice box
larynx is the part of the respiratory system that is the voice box. it is made of Membranes, which also help hold cartilage together.
The larynx is a component of the respiratory system. It is a hollow tube that transports air from your throat (pharynx) to your trachea and then to your lungs. It also houses your vocal cords and is necessary for human speech, so it is also known as the voice box. Your larynx is located in the center of your neck, near the Adam's apple. It's between the fourth and sixth cervical vertebrae (neck bones). The larynx serves three primary functions in the body: Breathing. Making vocalizations. Keeping food and other particles out of your trachea, lungs, and other respiratory organs.
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Which statements are true about mechanical barriers? (1) Mechanical barriers physically block pathogens from entering the body. (2) The skin is the most important mechanical barrier. (3) Mechanical barriers are living organisms that help protect the body. (4) Mechanical barriers destroy pathogens on the outer body surface.
Mechanical barriers physically block pathogens from entering the body. The correct option is A.
What are mechanical barriers?The first line of defence against pathogens is mechanical barriers, which physically prevent pathogens from entering the body.
The skin, mucous membranes, and bodily fluids like tears and urine serve as mechanical barriers that prevent infections from entering the body.
Enzymes in saliva, perspiration, and semen act as chemical barriers that eliminate infections on the surface of the body.
The skin and the tissue layers that face the lung's airways are also referred to as epithelia and serve as the body's external biological barriers, much as the surface of the intestines.
Thus, the correct option is A.
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Turn these answers into two paragraphs. (5-8 sentences each)
Thank you! >_<
What are GMOs used for?
To give plants and animals the desired traits for a specific purpose.
Plants-Grow faster, taste better
Animals-Specific breeds, laboratory research, human consumption(Matured faster)
Where can you find organisms that are GMOs?
Produce section in stores
In addition to tasting better, genetically modified crops have higher yields, a longer shelf life, are resistant to pests and diseases, and are longer lasting.
What did you find most interesting?
Something I found interesting was how sometimes genes from one organism could be inserted into an entirely different one. The endless amounts of mixed results this can cause is fascinating. Another thing I found interesting was how GMO’s are used in around 90% of some of our everyday produce.
Do you think there is a benefit to using GMOs?
I do think there is a benefit to using GMOs because there is so much that they already do for us. Though there are risks, there are still ways to improve them. GMOs help our society, research, and food markets.
What did you learn?
I learned that GMO’s can be used to improve health, maturity, taste, and durability.
Today's GMO crops were primarily created to aid farmers in weed management, crop loss prevention, and food preservation. The following are the top three characteristics of GMO crops: resistance to several harmful insects.
What is GMO?GMOs are frequently employed in medications and scientific research in addition to food.
Microorganisms including bacteria and yeast, insects, plants, fish, and humans are just a few examples of the organisms that have undergone genetic modification.
Currently, GMOs make up over 90% of the corn, soybeans, and sugar beets available for sale.
GMOs can boost agricultural output and nutritional content in comparison to organic crops, requiring less space and other resources to produce our food.
GMOs shield crops from pests, boosting productivity and reducing the need for crop protection agents.
More nutrient-dense food is one of the potential advantages of genetic engineering. tastier food plants that can withstand disease and drought and use fewer resources from the environment (such as water and fertilizer).
Thus, these all can be inferred regarding GMOs.
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Which BEST describes
facilitated diffusion?
A. Facilitated transport SOMETIMES
requires energy.
B. Facilitated transport requires A LOT of
energy.
C. Facilitated transport requires MORE
energy than active transport.
D. Facilitated transport DOES NOT require
any energy.
Answer:
D. Facilitated transport DOES NOT require any energy.
Explanation:
b/c DOES NOT require any energy.
13) List three things entering the sheet in Model 2.
1)
two)
3)
14) List three substances that come out of the leaf.
1)
two)
3)
15) What substance is going in and out?
16) Veins are important structures that transport materials through the sheet. Describe the central vein on the leaf diagram.
17) How is the substance you identified in Question 15 changed between your entry and exit?
Use the general equation for photosynthesis and Model 2 to answer the following questions.
18a) What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
18b) Where do these reagents enter the leaf?
18c) What are the products of photosynthesis?
18d) Where do leaf products come from?
help me please
Water and carbon dioxide are really the reactants in photosynthesis. We now know that for plants to create food, they require water and carbon dioxide (CO2).
What does photosynthesis entail?Photosynthesis is the process through which plants turn co2 from the atmosphere, water, and sunlight into oxygen & sugar-based electricity. Transmittance, electron transport, ATP production, as well as nitrogen fixation are the four phases of photosynthesis.
What is the main function of photosynthesis?The primary function of photosystems is to convert solar energy into metabolic energy that is then stored for use at a later time. The biological systems on the planet largely receive energy from this method. It is not extremely effective by the framework of ethics engineering, but it does the job.
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how are sebaceous glands associated with hair follicles
Typically linked to hair follicles, sebaceous glands secrete a fatty substance called sebum into the follicular duct, which subsequently travels to the skin's surface.
With the exception of the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet, the glands are found all over the body, although they are most prevalent on the scalp and face.The sebaceous gland releases sebum through the sebaceous duct that connects the gland to the hair follicle, which is a combination of fats (triglycerides, wax esters, squalene, and cholesterol) and cellular waste. Sebum contributes to the formation of the skin's thin, somewhat oily surface coating, keeping the skin flexible and preventing it from absorbing too much water.During the fourth month of pregnancy, sebaceous glands start to emerge from embryonic hair follicles, and by the time a baby is born, they are enormous and fully formed.
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Connective tissue ensheathing a bundle of muscle cells: _________
Connective tissue ensheathing a bundle of muscle cells are called as fascicle which are surrounded by perimysium and differ from nerve fascicle.
Muscle cells form muscle fascicles by enveloping perimysium connective tissue. Fascicles are held together by epimysium connective tissue. [1] Muscle fascicles typically contain only one type of muscle cell (either type I or type II fibers), but they can contain a mixture of both types.
Specialized cardiac muscle cells in the heart transmit electrical impulses from the atrioventricular node (AV node) to the Purkinje fibers - fascicles, also known as bundle branches. These begin as a single fascicle of fibers at the AV node called the bundle of His, which then divides into three bundle branches: the right fascicular branch, the left anterior fascicular branch, and the left posterior fascicular branch.
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a cell is said to be in which state when it has an equal movement of molecules into and out of cell
The cell is said to be at an equilibrium state when it has an equal movement of molecules into and out of the cell.
At equilibrium, the movement of motes continues, but because there's no attention grade, there's no net movement in any particular direction. However, its patches will tend to move toward the area where it's less concentrated until equilibrium is reached If the substance can cross the cell membrane.
At that point, the attention of the substance on both sides of the cell membrane will be the same. Prolixity is the movement of any substance from an area of high attention into an area of low attention.
Ultimately, the solute will fully disconnect from its concentrated form and spread out unevenly within the detergent. At this point, the solute has reached equilibrium within the detergent.
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suppose you compared the nucleotide sequences of the distal control elements in the enhancers of three genes that are expressed only in muscle cells. what would you expect to find? why?
We would expect to find that the regulation elements of the enhancers for the three genes should share some sequence similarities or be identical.
Why would you expect to find mentioned above in respect to asked statement?Due to this commonality, the enhancers of all three genes may bind to the same distinct transcription factors, which would then coordinately boost their expression.What do you mean by Gene Enhancers?Basically the Gene enhancers are DNA-regulatory components that increase the transcription of a gene or genes more than would occur without them. By generating chromatin loops, these components work distantly to bring the enhancer and target gene close together.
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Which of the following groups of cellular components are found in eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells?An endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and a nucleus
Answer:
the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and a nucleus are cellular components that are found in eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells. means all the choice are correct
Explanation:
Organelles called mitochondria are present in eukaryotic cells. They are in charge of creating the ATP, which the cell uses for a variety of metabolic functions. In addition to breaking down lipids and proteins, mitochondria also contribute to the production of hormones and neurotransmitters.
Eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound organelle called the nucleus. It houses the chromosome-organized genetic material of the cell. The control of the cell's functions, such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction, rests with the nucleus.
how long does it take for a broken collarbone to heal
While it is possible for a broken collarbone to take longer, the typical recovery time for people is between 6 and 8 weeks. Usually, it takes 3 to 6 weeks for children to recover from an injury. To get your shoulder back to full strength, though, it will take at least that long again.
Broken collarbones are a regular accident. The collarbone, also called the clavicle, joins the breastbone to the shoulder blade. Sports, falls, and auto accidents are common causes of broken collarbones. While giving birth, babies can break their collarbones.
If you have a broken collarbone, get medical attention right away. Most injuries recover quickly with ice, painkillers, a sling, physical therapy, and time. For some breaks, surgery may be necessary to insert plates, screws, or rods into the bone to keep the fragments together while the bone heals.
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the only large expanses of old-growth forest remaining in the united states, most of them owned by the federal government, are found in which region?
The Pacific Northwest is home to the only significant remaining areas of old-growth forest in the country, the majority of which are held by the federal government.
The Amazon & Congo River Basins' humid tropical regions include the greatest continuous areas of surviving forests. Besides the Middle East, that also holds upwards of two-thirds of the world's natural gas reserves and nearly two-thirds of the world's oil reserves, all significant geographic locations of the world have coal. The Pacific Northwest is home to the only significant remaining areas of old-growth forest in the country, the majority of which are held by the federal government.The biggest complete coastal tropical wet forest is located in southeast Alaska's Tongass National Forest. This exceptional region, which spans almost 17 million acres, contains a few of the oldest trees in the country—many of which are more than 800 years old—and is home to the world's greatest population of bald eagles
(105. The only large expanses of old-growth forest remaining in the United States, most of them owned by the federal government, are found in which region? (12.6)
a) New England c) Rocky Mountains
b) Deep South d) Pacific Northwest)
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asking questions and determining the cause for phenomena are at the heart of what many scientists do. in this study, which question below best represents the scientific question asked by the researchers?
Scientists are constantly seeking to understand the natural world and the phenomena that occur within it.
One of the primary ways they do this is by asking questions and trying to find answers. This process begins with formulating a hypothesis, which is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon. Scientists then come up with experiments and collect data to test their hypothesis and see if the evidence supports it or not.
Asking questions and then determining the cause of phenomena is important because it allows scientists to make predictions about future events and develop new technologies and treatments. Both are crucial parts of the scientific process. It helps scientists to better understand the natural world and to develop new technologies and treatments that can improve human life.
The answer is based on general knowledge, as no context is provided.
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why do some animals migrate While others are able to live in the same place year around
Rank from the first to the last steps to describe the correct order of events to maintain homeostasis.
The steps necessary to maintain sodium ion homeostasis have been taken. Outside of cells, sodium ion concentration is regulated by a negative feedback loop. See explanation for further information.
When there is a little amount of extracellular sodium ions, the macula densa's receptors identify them and the RAAS is initially engaged. Renin is therefore released, activating aldosterone and angiotensin-II in the process. Angiotensin-II and aldosterone reabsorb sodium ions in the nephron tubules. Aldosterone and angiotensin-II release are reduced, water absorption increases, and the sodium ion level returns to normal. A chemical element with the atomic number 11 and the letter Na is sodium (derived from the Latin natrium). It is an extremely reactive, delicate silvery-white metal. Sodium is an alkali metal since it is in group 1 of the periodic chart.
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Through there are three different types of lipids with three different functions, they are collectively grouped because of one particular property. What is that property?
Though there are three different types of lipids with three different functions they are collectively grouped because of one particular property based on the absence of their mix with water.
What is the lipid class of biomolecules?The lipid class of biomolecules is a heterogeneous group of organic molecules that are characterized to have repulsion for water, i.e. they are hydrophobic and therefore do not mix with water.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the lipid class of biomolecules is based on the fact that these organic molecules cannot be mixed with water molecules.
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the spotted lanternfly is a herbivorous insect that is native to asia and feeds on over 70 species of plants. the feeding behavior of the spotted lanternfly damages plants, and the nymph and adult lanternflies secrete sticky residues that exacerbate the damage to native plant species by promoting mold growth. the spotted lanternfly reproduces once during its lifetime by laying between 30 and 50 eggs, and the eggs hatch after a short amount of time. the range of the spotted lanternfly is increasing because the insects are transported to new environments by the movements of animals and people, and it is now found in many parts of the united states. which of the following best describes the spotted lanternfly in the united states? responses the spotted lanternfly is a k-selected and invasive species. the spotted lanternfly is a k -selected and invasive species. the spotted lanternfly is a k-selected and endangered species. the spotted lanternfly is a k -selected and endangered species. the spotted lanternfly is an r-selected and invasive species. the spotted lanternfly is an r -selected and invasive species. the spotted lanternfly is an r-selected and endangered species.
The correct response to the question is that spotted lanternfly is K selected and invasive species.
It is possible to infer that the spotted lanternfly is invasive and K-selected from the description.
Organisms are classified as being r-selected or K-selected based on the trade-off between quantity and quality of offspring. Compared to r-selected species, K-selected species have fewer progeny.
We can infer that lanternflies are K-selected because they only reproduce once during their lifetime.
Additionally, the spotted lanternfly is invasive because of the harm they do to local plant species, which causes those species to become endangered.
Consequently, the spotted lanternfly is invasive and K-selected.
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where is mitosis in the cell cycle before and after?
Mitosis is a stage in the cell cycle that follows the interphase and is followed by the interphase again.
Before mitosis, the cell is in the interphase which is composed of three stages: G1, S, and G2. In G1 stage, the cell carries out normal metabolic processes, in S stage DNA is replicated, and in G2 stage the cell checks for any damage to the replicated DNA before mitosis.
After mitosis, the cell enters into the interphase again, where it goes through the same three stages (G1, S, and G2) before entering mitosis again. This is the process that results in the formation of two identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes.
Some cells like nerve cells and muscle cells, will enter a different stage called G0, which means they are not actively cycling and will not divide again.
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Which of these energy sources is increasing its relative share of the global energy supply by the most since 2015?a. renewables b. nuclear c. coal d. oil
Renewables (a) have been increasing their relative share of the global energy supply the most since 2015.
What are renewables?
Renewables are energy sources that are replenished naturally and do not deplete finite resources. They are considered to be sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives to non-renewable energy sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas.
The use of renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power, has been growing rapidly in recent years due to a combination of declining costs, technological advancements, and increasing concern about climate change.
According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the share of renewables in global power generation increased from 24% in 2015 to 30% in 2020. During the same period, the use of coal (c) decreased from 38% to 27%, while the use of oil (d) remained relatively stable at around 25%. The share of nuclear energy (b) also remained relatively stable, hovering around 5-6%.
The trend towards increased use of renewables is expected to continue in the coming years, with many countries setting targets to transition to 100% renewable energy in the coming decades.
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which cell process moves substances against a concentration gradient
Substances move during active transport in the opposite direction of the concentration gradient, from a low concentration to a high concentration.
When there is a difference in particle concentration between two areas, this is known as a concentration gradient. Facilitated diffusion differs from active transport. Proteins are used to aid transport in both assisted diffusion and active transport. However, active transport moves chemicals from low-concentration locations to high-concentration areas, working against the concentration gradient. They use various proteins, which is another difference.
Instead of channel proteins, carrier proteins are used in active transport. Since these carrier proteins require ATP to change shape, they differ from those seen in facilitated diffusion. The fact that chemicals can only pass through channel proteins along the concentration gradient prevents them from being utilized in active transport.
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Which factor is not required for natural selection to occur? variation within a population inheritance of traits selective pressure an anticipated change in the environment genetic differences
Natural selection is the process by which organisms that possess certain traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than those without the traits.
This process is responsible for the gradual evolution of species and is one of the most important mechanisms of evolutionary change. In order for natural selection to occur, several key factors must be present, including variation within a population, inheritance of traits, selective pressure, and genetic differences.
The factor that is not required for natural selection to occur is an anticipated change in the environment. While environmental changes can certainly influence the process of natural selection, they are not a necessary component. For example, if a population has sufficient variation and is subject to strong selective pressures, natural selection can still occur even if the environment remains constant. Therefore, while environmental change can be an important factor in the process of natural selection, it is not a requirement for natural selection to occur.
In conclusion, for natural selection to occur, several key factors must be present, including variation within a population, inheritance of traits, selective pressure, and genetic differences. An anticipated change in the environment is not required for natural selection to occur, although it can certainly influence the process. By understanding the components of natural selection, we can gain a better appreciation for the process by which species evolve and adapt to their environment.
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The map shows the distribution of wild boars in the United States. Wild boars are an invasive species to the United States. Which of these facts about wild boars is best supported by the evidence provided?
The right answer to this question is option D. Wild boars have a high reproductive rate and no natural predators.
What is known is that for a population to spread, such as the boars, it must be well suited to its surroundings, which the boars are extremely good at since they have a highly diverse food, a very high reproduction rate, and no natural predators, as stated in the question.
Humans are their only threat right now since they are where they are. With all of these features, this species can rapidly adjust to variations in weather. They can adapt successfully to different habitats owing to natural selection since they have a high reproduction rate.
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Full Question: The map shows the distribution of wild boars in the United States. Wild boars are an invasive species to the United States
Which of these facts about wild boars is best supported by the evidence provided?
A) Wild boars were brought to the United States by humans.
B) Wild boars have quickly spread through the United States.
C) Wild boars have established successfully in areas with warm climates.
D) Wild boars have a high reproductive rate and no natural predators
Does breast tenderness come and go early pregnancy?
Yes, breast tenderness can come and go in early pregnancy.
The soreness can be constant, or it can come and go. During the earliest weeks of pregnancy, breast pain tends to be dull and achy. The breasts may feel heavy and swollen. They can be super sensitive to the touch, making exercise and sex play very uncomfortable.
Just like other early pregnancy symptoms, breast tenderness can come and go. Some women are lucky and don't have much trouble with early pregnancy symptoms at all. Other women experience pregnancy symptoms right up until the time they give birth. Both circumstances are completely normal. It may even continue through the latter part of the gestation for some women.
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hesi rn case study coronary artery disease while taking the prescribes antihyperlipidemic, which serum labratory value requires intervention
If you have symptoms of coronary heart disease, your doctor may prescribe tests to determine whether you have the illness.
Your doctor will also most likely prescribe blood tests to look for inflammation-related levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, sugar, lipoproteins, or proteins.
Provide a list of local smoking cessation programs to the client. Angiography of the Coronary Artery Coronary angiography, commonly known as cardiac catheterization, is a minimally invasive procedure that is widely used to diagnose coronary artery disease.
Modifiable risk factors include the following: smoking diabetes physical inactivity high blood pressure Being overweight results in high blood cholesterol.
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Some monkey flowers (Mimulus guttatus) living near the sites of copper mines can grow in soil containing high concentrations of copper, which is toxic to most plants. Copper tolerance is a heritable trait.The map below shows the area near an old copper mine, which contaminated the nearby soil with copper. A stream flows past the mine toward the lake at the bottom right of the map.Use the map to determine which of the statements below are true.Select the three statements that are true.
The three statements that are true are
(C) The population that existed before mining must have included both copper-tolerant and copper-intolerant plants.
(E) Natural selection favors copper tolerance in all soils near the old mine, not only in the contaminated soils.
(F) Copper-tolerant plants are found only in contaminated soils.
It's important to note that statement (A) is not true, as copper tolerance is a heritable trait, meaning it is passed down from parent plants to their offspring. It is likely that the population of monkey flowers near the copper mines already included individuals with varying levels of copper tolerance before the mining took place. Statement (B) is also not true, it is unlikely that nearly 100% of monkey flowers growing in copper-contaminated soil are copper tolerant. And statement (D) is not true; you would not expect nearly 100% of monkey flowers growing on the shore of the lake to be copper tolerant, as the lake shore soil is not contaminated with copper
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natural selection can be summarized by which statement? group of answer choices within a population, some variations are favored by environmental conditions and others are not none of the answers are satisfactory all species are fixed organisms transform and pass these transformations on to their offspring
The correct statement about natural selection is People who possess the most advantageous traits live and procreate.
A population's members are naturally variable, which means that they are all distinctive in some ways.
This variation indicates that some people have characteristics that are more environment-appropriate than others.
The process by which "organisms with more advantageous traits" are more likely to survive and procreate is known as "natural selection." The process of "differential survival" and "reproduction in organisms" with different phenotypes is known as natural selection. The struggle for existence, variation, and inheritance is represented by the conditions highlighted in bold above. According to some, these circumstances are both necessary and sufficient for natural selection to take place.
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3) which statement about the complement system is true? a) these proteins are involved in innate immunity and not acquired immunity. b) these proteins are secreted by cytotoxic t cells and other cd8 cells. c) this group of proteins includes interferons and interleukins. d) these proteins are one group of antimicrobial proteins acting together in cascade fashion. e) these proteins act individually to attack and lyse microbes.
Option D that is these proteins are one group of antimicrobial proteins acting together in cascade fashion about the complement system is true.
What is antimicrobial proteins?Antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) are a varied family of naturally occurring chemicals generated by all multicellular organisms as a first line of defense. These proteins have the potential to destroy bacteria, yeasts, fungus, viruses, and potentially cancer cells. Human host defense antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) serve an important role in warding off invading microbial infections as crucial components of innate immunity. AMPs can also perform various biological roles such apoptosis, wound healing, and immunological regulation. Antimicrobial proteins and peptides (AMPs) are ancient components of host defense that help neutrophils destroy intraphagosomes and are produced into extracellular fluids by epithelial cells at mucosal surfaces and in the skin (Wiesner and Vilcinskas, 2010).
Here,
Option D that is True, these proteins are one set of antimicrobial proteins that work in a cascade way on the complement system.
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Altering patterns of gene expression in prokaryotes like E. coli would most likely serve an organism's survival by __
a. blocking all gene expression b. allowing every gene to be expressed an equal number of times c. allowing an organism to adjust to changes in environmental conditions like the presence of certain nutrients like sugars d. allowing environmental changes to alter a prokaryote's genome Describe the difference between a repressible operon and an inducible operon. Give an example of either type of operon and describe the mechanism by which the operon responds to an environmental cue.
Answer:
by c. allowing an organism to adjust to changes in environmental conditions like the presence of certain nutrients like sugars.
Explanation:
A repressible operon is an operon that is normally active, but can be turned off in response to a specific signal. An example of a repressible operon is the trp operon in E. coli, which is responsible for the synthesis of the amino acid tryptophan. This operon is normally active, but can be turned off when tryptophan is present in the environment. This is achieved through a repressor protein that binds to a specific site on the DNA, preventing the operon from being transcribed.
An inducible operon is an operon that is normally inactive, but can be turned on in response to a specific signal. An example of an inducible operon is the lac operon in E. coli, which is responsible for the metabolism of lactose. This operon is normally inactive, but can be turned on when lactose is present in the environment. This is achieved through the binding of a specific protein called the lac repressor to the operator site on the DNA, which prevents the operon from being transcribed. When lactose is present, it binds to the repressor protein and causes a conformational change, releasing the repressor protein from the operator site, allowing the operon to be transcribed.
In summary, the repressible operon is normally active but can be turned off in response to a specific signal. The inducible operon is normally inactive but can be turned on in response to a specific signal. The mechanism by which the operon responds to an environmental cue is through the binding of a specific protein, the repressor protein, to the operator site on the DNA.
