The number of dead microbial cells outnumbers the number of live cells during the stationary phase of microbial development.
What purpose do microbial cells serve?Cytoplasm - The processes for cell development, metabolism, and replication take place in the cytoplasm, or protoplasm, of bacterial cells. The term "microbial cells" is used in a very broad sense to refer to any type of cell that has ribosomes, a chromosome, or plasmids. It is a gel-like matrix made up of water, enzymes, nutrients, wastes, and gases. This phrase is used to describe a wide variety of life forms, including bacteria, archaea, fungus, and protists, all of which have drastically varied sizes and properties. Microorganisms can have a single cell, a cell colony, or a multicellular or acellular structure (lacking cells). They consist of bacteria, viruses, algae, fungus, protozoa, and archaea.Microbes with a single cell and no nucleus are known as bacteria.To learn more about microbial cells, refer to:
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Nerve cells in the visual system, anywhere from the retina back to the occipital lobe, are known as.
Nerve cells in the visual system, anywhere from the retina back to the occipital lobe, are known as visual neurons
Where are the visual processing cells situated?A collection of light-sensing cells called photoreceptors are found in the retina. Rods and cones are the two different kinds of photoreceptors.
Therefore, the three layers of cells in the retina of the human eye are arranged as follows: "Ganglion cells, bipolar cells, and photoreceptor cells" from inside to outside.
Visual illusions are distortions of how visual images are perceived. When we observe an illusion, we may have a tendency to underestimate the visual stimuli's length, curvature, location, speed, or direction. The trick here is on the intellect, not the eye.
The primary pathway for information to travel from photoreceptors to the optic nerve is a direct three-neuron chain, consisting of photoreceptor cells, bipolar cells, and ganglion cells.
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Which layer of an arterial wall is most responsible for maintaining blood pressure and the continuous flow of blood through the circulation?
Tunica media is responsible for maintaining blood pressure and the continuous flow of blood through the circulation.
Blood circulates throughout the body through tubes called blood vessels. These vessels come in a range of sizes and have various characteristics. Large blood vessels called arteries transport blood out from the heart. Smaller blood channels called arterioles branch off of arteries. The smallest of the vessels, capillaries, are next supplied with blood by arterioles. Blood that has passed through the tissues in the capillaries is subsequently injected into the venules. After that, the venules drain into the veins, which return the blood to the heart. The intermediate layer of the arteries and veins is known as the tunica medium. It is made up of connective tissue and smooth muscle. The arteries are where this tunic is thickest, and as the smooth muscle in this layer contracts, the diameter of the vessels is reduced, which raises the pressure inside the artery. The interior layer of the vessel, known as the tunica interna, is made up of stratified squamous epithelium. The connective tissue layer that surrounds the outside of the blood vessel is known as the tunica externa, also known as the tunica adventitia.
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sustaninability issues that come from electricity
Fundamentally, sustainability is about how people interact, how they affect one another and the environment, and how they deal with social and environmental problems. Although generally regarded as the third pillar of sustainability, others only view economics as a type of social issue.
The environment can be impacted by nearly every component of the power system, and the extent of these affects will vary depending on where and how the electricity is produced. The following are examples of generic environmental effects: emissions, particularly when a fuel is consumed, of greenhouse gas emissions and other air pollutants. Use of water resources for cooling, steam production, and other purposes. Thermal pollution is one type of pollution that is released into waterways (water that is hotter than the original temperature of the water body). Solid waste generation, which may also include hazardous garbage. Use of land for the development of power plants, transmission lines, and distribution networks. Effects of the mentioned consequences on air, water, waste, and land on plants, animals, and ecosystems. Some of these external factors may also have an impact on people's health, especially if they expose individuals to toxins in the air, water, or soil. The consequences of our growing and inefficient resource consumption include climate change, biodiversity loss, pollution, ill health, and poverty. These problems are connected, and they frequently make one another worse. The environmental and social challenge is massive in scope.
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In what way is symbiosis a simpler or easier explanation for the origin of eukaryotic organelles than a gradual darwinian explanation?
The symbiotc theory explains that some of the organelles in eukaryotic cells were once prokaryotic microbe .
Why symbiosis is necessary in evolution?
In nature, symbiosis—the close association of two or more organisms—occurs frequently. Symbiotic interactions impact the physiology of the interacting partners, affect their ecological dynamics and evolutionary processes, and eventually change the distribution of species over the world.
The endosymbiotic theory explains that some of the organelles in eukaryotic cells were once prokaryotic microbes. Mitochondria and Chloroplast are the same size as prokaryotic cells and divide by binary fission. Mitochondria and Chloroplast have their own DNA which is circular not linear.
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Select all the molecules that can be catabolized such that the resulting carbon can be used to create ketone bodies. carbon dioxide glycogen glucose fatty acids amino acids
Fatty acids & amino acids are molecules that can be catabolized such that the resulting carbon can be used to create ketone bodies.
The metabolic process known as ketogenesis results in the production of ketone bodies in the body. Ketone bodies are produced as a substitute for carbs as an energy source. Ketone bodies form in diabetic cells as a result of their inability to use glucose as an energy source.
The main source of ketone molecules is the beta-oxidation of fatty acids, which produces acetyl CoA. Ketone bodies are created by breaking down fatty acids into two-carbon units. Therefore, fatty acids are the main source of ketone bodies in the cell, whereas ketogenic amino acids only cause ketone body production.
Two amino acids that promote ketosis are lysine and leucine. Isoleucine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine are among the amino acids that induce ketosis.
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Human cells that have completed telophase i will each contain ________ chromosomes, which will be in a(n) ________ form.
Human cells that have completed telophase i will each contain 233 chromosmes, which will be in a(n) replicated form.
What is telophase and why it is important?
The end of mitosis is known as telophase. Each chromosome has moved to one of the poles at this point. The nuclear membrane that surrounds these chromosomes forms at each of the cell's poles while the cell is compressed in the middle (in mammals) or divided by a cell plate (for plants).
Telophase is followed by Cytokinesis, or the division of the cytoplasm into two daughter cytoplasm cells. The daughter cells that result from this process have identical genetic composition.
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Tundra how move with carbon though atmosphere?
Answer:
Northern tundra and boreal ecosystems typically gain carbon (carbon sink) stored in plant biomass and new soil organic matter during the short summer growing season when plant photosynthesis and growth is greater than carbon respired by plants and soil back to the atmosphere
Explanation:
Nerve cells in the visual system, anywhere from the retina back to the occipital lobe, are known as.
Nerve cells from the retina to the back of occipital lobe are known as visual neurons which constitute the optic tract.
The specialized neurons in the retina of the eye called rods and cones which are involved in perceiving light and creating images. They are known as photoreceptors. After taking in the light, these rods and cones transmit impulses to the optic nerve. TOptic nerve is a bundle of nerve fibers coming out of the eyeball from a point called blind spot where the rods and cones are absent and no image can be formed. The two optic nerves, one from each eyeball cross at the optic chiasm from where onwards they are known as optic tracts. The optic tract sends impulses from the optic chiasma to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe of the brain, which is where the image is experienced through visual neurons.Hence, the correct answer is that they are called visual neurons which constitute the formation of the optic nerves and optic tract.
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Matter is made of what plssssss
Answer: Atoms.
Explanation: Hope this helps <3
Answer:
atoms and molecules they are what make us up
Match the patterns of inheritance with the examples. Group of answer choices
incomplete dominance [ Choose ]
dominant-recessive [ Choose ]
polygenic inheritance [ Choose ]
multiple allele [ Choose ]
Pattern of inheritance can be seen with dominant recessive alleles. The other three option follow non-mendelian principles.
What is mendelian genetics?Mendelian genetics is referred as the inheritance pattern in which the traits are passed from parents to their offspring.
For every gene, there are two expressible forms. This is known as allele. Thus, an allele can be dominant (frequently expressed) or recessive (masked in the presence of dominant allele).
According to mendelian genetics, both these forms can be expressed and inherited by the offspring.
Mendelian genetics is popularly known for its three laws of inheritance.
Therefore, through mendelian genetics many genetic disorders or their probability of occurrence in a child can be studied.
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Explain how synapses allow neurons to act as integrators; include the concepts of facilitation, temporal and spatial summation, and convergence in your explanation.
By analysing the synaptic inputs it receives and turning them into an output signal, a neuron can function as an integrator.
1. Convening:
2. Temporal Summation: When two stimulations are closely spaced apart, a greater depolarization results than with just one stimulation.
3. Spatial Summation: Although two stimuli occur concurrently, they do so at different locations (If spatial summation and temporal summation occur at the same time then you would get an action potential).
4. Convergence: This happens when a neuron combines several synaptic inputs into a single output.
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PLS ANSWER!!!!
The Beatles chew on the stems of mosquito shrubs, forcing the shrubs to grow new branches every Spring. The trees take up more nutrients from the soil to support the new growth. This means there are fewer nutrients for other plants, such as grasses. Partly due to the action of the beetle, the desert has changed from mostly grasses to mostly mosquito shrubs over the last 150 years. How would you classify this beetle in terms of its role in the ecosystem? Explain your answer.
Answer:
ecosystem engineers
Explanation:
because they changed the desert from mostly grasses to mostly mosquito shrubs over the last 150 years
toolsmheducationca
If a scientist is studying a coral reef, including both the biotic and abiotic components, what level of ecology is being studied?.
If a scientist is studying a coral reef, including both the biotic and abiotic components, community level of ecology is being studied
What process(es) can transfer carbon from the biotic reservoir to the abiotic reservoir?During photosynthesis, carbon is transferred from an abiotic source to living things. As a result of cellular respiration, carbon is transferred from living things to an abiotic reserve.
Every trophic level results in an exponential increase in DDT levels. Osprey are at the greatest trophic level in this group because they are the tertiary consumers, and their tissues have the highest DDT contents.
This graph illustrates the yearly growth in world population between 1950 and the present, as well as the forecast until the year 2100. In the late 1980s, the population growth rate in absolute terms reached a peak of almost 90 million new residents annually.
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Explain what would happen to the carbojn cycle if there were no decomposers present in an ecosystem.
If there were no decomposers, the carbon would remain locked in dead organisms and could only be released through combustion.
What are decomposers?Decomposers are organisms that break down or decompose dead or decaying organisms. The primary decomposers in the ecosystem are bacteria and fungi. The organic and nutrient matter released by decomposers is absorbed or taken up by the ecosystem's plants or producers. Decomposers interact with the ecosystem by reintroducing essential components into the food cycle. They include fungi as well as invertebrate organisms such as earthworms, termites, and millipedes, which are sometimes referred to as detritivores. Fungi play an important role in decomposition, particularly in forests. Some fungi, such as mushrooms, resemble plants. Fungi, insects, earthworms, and bacteria are the four main types of decomposers.To know more about decomposers:
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For crossing over to occur, homologous chromosomes must align precisely early in prophase i so that nonsister chromatids can exchange corresponding segments of dna. True or false?.
False
The given statement "For crossing over to occur, homologous chromosomes must align precisely early in prophase 1 so that nonsister chromatids can exchange corresponding segments of DNA." is false.
In order for non-sister chromatids to exchange matching DNA segments, homologous chromosomes must properly align early in prophase I for crossing over to take place. Instead of close to the centromeres, chromosomes' ends are where crossing over takes place.For genes with the same corresponding loci, homologous chromosomes are made up of chromosome pairs that are roughly the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern.What takes place during prophase 1's crossing over?The exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes, or crossing-over, takes place during prophase I. Remember that homologous chromosomes align in pairs, gene for gene down their whole length, generating a configuration with four chromatids known as a tetrad during prophase I.What is the relevance of prophase 1 and metaphase 1 crossover?The importance of crossing over during prophase I/metaphase I is that two homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material in the same locations.To learn more about homologous chromosome visit:
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Name three human interactions that may happen in an environment such as point pelee? PLEASE HELP ME
Pollution - Such as littering or adding trash to the place
Feeding wild animals or killing living things there like poaching or trampling plants
Answer: Humans could trample on plants, or accidentally bring in other types of plants on their clothes. humans can light fires in non-designated areas.
Explanation:
The graph shows the change in surface water temperatures from 1880 to the present.
How could the change in surface temperatures shown in the graph most likely impact tropical areas?
There is less average global ice, and coral bleaching will occur.Increases in surface temperature have caused an boom in the quantity of atmospheric water vapor over the oceans. This water vapor feeds climate structures that produce precipitation, growing the hazard of heavy rain and snow.
Warmer water temperatures put off ice boom withinside the fall and winter, and the ice melts quicker the subsequent spring, exposing ocean waters for an extended duration the subsequent summer. Changes in the quantity of sea ice can disrupt regular ocean circulation, thereby main to modifications in international weather.
Higher temperatures are worsening many sorts of disasters, consisting of storms, warmth waves, floods, and droughts. A hotter weather creates an surroundings which could collect, retain, and unharness extra water, converting climate styles in one of these manner that moist regions turn out to be wetter and dry regions drier.
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Answer:
There is a pattern of stronger storms and coral bleaching will occur.
Explanation:
I just read that guys answer^^
The muscular tube between the stomach and the large intestine, divided into the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum, is the:____.
The muscular tube between the stomach and the large intestine, divided into the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum, is the small intestine.
The small intestine, also known as the small bowel, is a muscular tube between the large intestine and stomach.
The process of digestion takes place here as it receives moderately digestive food from the stomach.
Moreover, the absorption of minerals, vitamins, proteins, fats, and carbohydrates also occurs here along with water which is later used by the body.
It is the longest organ found in the gastrointestinal tract and assists in food digestion.
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The mechanism by which the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an enzyme that catalyzes an earlier step in the pathway is most precisely described as?.
Answer:
Feedback Inhibition
Explanation:
Yes, this mechanism being one of importants for the regulatory mechanism in our cells. They use non competetive inhibitors. Example: Synthesis of amino acids, etc.
A nonnative species of ant is introduced into a woodland ecosystem. Which situation would most likely stop the species from becoming invasive?
A.The nonnative ant species tolerates the woodland's abiotic factors.
B.The nonnative ant has no predators in the woodland ecosystem.
C.There are no other ant species living in the woodland ecosystem.
D.Native ant species outcompete the nonnative ant species
7. Design an experiment to test the effect of varying the pH on the functioning of the enzyme
catalase.
b) describe your experimental group
pH values for catalase - Each enzyme has a specific pH range within which it functions best. Catalase only functions in people between a pH of 7 and a pH of 11. The enzyme loses its structure and becomes denaturated if the pH is more than 11 or less than 7, respectively.
Each enzyme has a best operating temperature, as well as every enzyme has a best operating pH. For instance, the digestive system's trypsin and pepsin enzymes sever long protein chains in meals into smaller pieces, such as peptide chains or individual amino acids. The stomach's extremely acidic environment is where pepsin operates. Its ideal pH is at around 1.5.Trypsin, on the other contrary, functions in the intestinal tract, which has certain areas with a pH of about 7.5. The ideal pH for trypsin is around 8. Amino acids with opposite charges will attract within the enzyme molecule. This affects how the enzyme molecule folds, how it is shaped, and how the active site is shaped. The charge on the molecules of the amino acids will change when the pH changes. The volume of oxygen evolved over a five-minute period was plotted versus the relative reaction rate. Every time the experiment was conducted, the control displayed the same enzyme activity. Up until the optimal pH level, which is around 6.3, the relative reaction rate went up with pH; however, as pH climbed, the rate of reaction declined.
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All epithelia have two surfaces, an apical surface and a basal surface, that differ in both structure and function. This property is called polarity. True or false?.
Answer:
This statement is true.
Explanation:
There are several epithelial tissues in the human body. They make up the majority of the tissue in the body. Safeguarding, secretion, ingestion, excretion, purification, transport, and sensory reception are just a few of the many tasks they carry out.
In epithelial tissue, there is relatively little intercellular matrix and the cells are closely packed together.
Each epithelium has two surfaces: one would be revealed to the outside environment, which may include liquids like those found in the circulatory as well as urinary systems, also gases such as in the respiratory system, or semisolids like those found in the digestive system. Other surface rests on the basal lamina, a structural layer.
The broad protection provided by epithelia that surround or line surfaces against diseases, physical harm, and poisons.
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The lacrimal glands produce ____.
a. saliva
b. cerumen
c. sebum
d. tears
Out of the four measuring instruments (micropipette, serological pipette, transfer pipette, and eyedropper), which do you expect to be the most accurate? why?
Serological pipettes are more accurate as the smallest increment.
What is the difference between serological pipettes and micropipette?Pipettes and micropipette are invaluable pieces of laboratory equipment used to draw up , measures and deliver accurate volume of liquid. The difference between the two is that micropipette measures between 1 and 100μl , while pipettes generally start at 1 mili liter.
Serological pipettes ,each has clear ascending and descending graduation marked on the side. This accurate measurement when dispensing or aspirating.
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Question 2 (2 points)
Identify the input (reactants) and outputs (products) of cellular respiration:
Column A
2
3.
5.
6.
7.
-
-
-
-
ATP
carbon dioxide
chlorophyll
glucose
light energy (sunlight)
methane
oxygen
water
Column B
a output of cellular respiration
b.
not a part of the reaction
C input of cellular respiration
Answer:
carbon dioxide: PRODUCT
chlorophyll: REACTANTS
glucose: PRODUCT
light energy: REACTANTS
methane: PRODUCT
oxygen: PRODUCT
water: REACTANTS
The _______ is a controversial area of heightened sensitivity on the front wall of the vagina.
The ___G spot____ is a controversial area of heightened sensitivity on the front wall of the vagina.
What is a G - spot ?The vagina contains a small region known as the Grafenberg spot, or G-spot. The part closest to the bellybutton is on the upper vaginal wall, about an inch or so within the vaginal opening. The G-spot has a high threshold for arousal, swells somewhat, and feels elevated or rough.
It is situated in the vagina just below the urethra, around 2.5 to 3 inches away. The placement makes it practically impossible for the woman to find the region with her own fingers because the angle for self-exploration is essentially backwards for her.Learn more about Vagina here:
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A tree species that is perfectly happy growing very slowly is not also likely to do what?
A tree species that is perfectly happy growing very slowly is not also likely to reach a gap in the forest canopy quickly before other species occupy it.
Since it is growing very slowly, it has a tendency to live for a longer time period. And it also has a low maximum growth rate.Climax community refers to an ecological setting where plant or animal populations are stable and coexist in harmony with one another and their surroundings. The last stage of succession is a climax community, which lasts until it is destroyed by an occurrence like a fire or human intervention. Since it is a very slow growing plant, it has the chances of being a member of the climax community. It's growth will be relatively slower as compared to the other surrounding species. Hence, it can also grow and establish underneath the members of its same species which could be at different growth stages.Therefore, due to its extremely slow growth rate, the tree species is not also likely to reach a gap in the forest canopy quickly before other species occupy it.
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A high-mass star near the end of its life undergoes successive cycles of energy generation within its core in which gravitational collapse increases the temperature to the point where a new nuclear fusion cycle generates sufficient energy to stop the collapse. This process does not work beyond the silicon-fusion cycle that produces iron. Why is this?"".
A high mass star will not be able to generate enough energy beyond the silicon fusion cycle to stop its collapse because iron fusion doesn't generate excess energy and gas pressure to prevent the core from collapsing. Instead, it requires additional energy.
All stars generate energy by nuclear fusion at the core of the star. Fusion starts form the lightest element, hydrogen. Two hydrogen atoms fuse to form helium atoms, releasing vast amounts of energy in the form of radiation, light and heat. After a while the amounts of hydrogen atoms in a star starts to reduce, while helium becomes predominant.
Helium fusion requires way more heat and pressure to occur than hydrogen fusion. This is because the heavier the element, the greater the temperature and pressure needed to fuse it. Low mass stars are unable to produce such high amounts of energy, so they just become white dwarfs after using up all their hydrogen, but the story is different for high mass stars.
A massive star is able to generate enough heat and pressure to fuse helium. In fact, it is so hot that it is able to fuse the product of helium fusion - carbon into oxygen, oxygen into neon and phosphorus, and finally silicon is formed, which also fuses to form iron. However, beyond the silicon fusion, iron doesn't undergo any nuclear fusion. This is because the energy needed to fuse an element as heavy as iron is just too much for any star to produce no matter the size. Iron fusion also doesn't produce any gas pressure or excess energy to sustain the core; thus, the star eventually runs out of energy and collapses, leading to a supernova.
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Which of the following is NOT a stimulus that a living thing might sense and respond to?
A. Hunger
B. Sound
C. DNA
D. Light
Answer:
C. DNA
THATS THE ANSWER PO
how could you describe the size of a virus
A. larger than a parasite
B.about the size of a dime
C. smaller than bacteria
D. smaller than a proton
Answer: C. smaller than bacteria
Explanation: Parasites are typically seen with the bare eye (not all, but many) or with a very low magnifying microscope, and dimes are obviously able to be seen without magnification. Protons are extremely small (in the femtometer region), and bacteria are in the micrometer region. Viruses are typically in the nanometer region, so they are larger than protons but smaller than bacteria.
