During prophase I and metaphase I of meiosis, a chromosome consists of a tetrad (4 chromatids or 4 DNA molecules) and is reduced to two chromatids (2 DNA molecules) by the time metaphase II occurs.
What is meiosis?Meiosis, which generates gametes like sperm or egg cells in sexually reproducing creatures, is a unique sort of cell division since it is a reductional division. It comprises two rounds of division, producing four cells with only one copy of each chromosome as a final product (haploid). Additionally, each chromosome undergoes genetic material cross-pollination between the paternal and maternal copies before division, resulting in novel combinations of the genetic code on each chromosome. Later, during fertilization, the male and female haploid cells created by meiosis will merge to form a cell with two copies of each chromosome once more, the zygote.
Meiosis is characterized by DNA replication, two rounds of cell division, and the production of four daughter cells, each of which has half as many chromosomes as the parent cell. Meiosis I and Meiosis II are the names of the two meiotic divisions. Each chromosome's DNA is duplicated during the S phase of the cell cycle, resulting in two identical sister chromatids that are held together by sister chromatid cohesion until the start of meiosis. The terms "premeiotic S-phase" and "meiotic S-phase" might be used to describe this S-phase. Meiotic cells go through a prolonged G2-like stage known as meiotic prophase just after DNA replication. Homologous chromosomes hook together at this moment and go through genetic recombination, a predetermined process in which DNA may be cut and recombined and then repaired, which allows them to exchange some of their genetic information.
To know more about genetic material visit: https://brainly.com/question/14530382
#SPJ9
During times of stress, the adrenal glands secrete the hormone:_________
a) insulin.
b) dopamine.
c) serotonin.
d) cortisol.
Answer:
Adrenal glands secrete cortisol D
The Creation Mandate, The fall of Man, and Redemption are important to biology
because
These concepts are important for biology because they present an aspect of the biological construction of human beings and society.
How can this be explained?The creation mandate is important to biology because it introduces the concept of reproduction of the human species.The fall of man is important to biology because it introduces the biological concepts of guilt and repentance.Redemption is important to biology because it introduces the concept of the manipulation of natural resources.Although the mandate of creation, the fall of man, and redemption are religious concepts, they have important aspects for biology, especially when it comes to the constitution of human thought and the manipulation of natural resources necessary for the maintenance of life.
Learn more about the creation mandate:
https://brainly.com/question/4830194
#SPJ1
Using Chargaff's Rule, if there are 23 Thymine this means there has to be how many Adenine ?
Answer:
23
Explanation:
Chargaff's rules state that in the DNA of any species and any organism, the amount of guanine should be equal to the amount of cytosine and the amount of adenine should be equal to the amount of thymine
What is glucagon
what is glucagon
Answer:er
Explanation:dwgrsdfg
?
Answer:
A glucagon is a hormone formed in the pancreas which promotes the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver.
Explanation:
Margaret is born with double jointed elbows. what is this an example of?
a. a dihybrid
b. cross codominance
c. a genotype
d. a phenotype
Margaret is born with double jointed elbows. This is an example of d. a phenotype.
In the field of genetics, phenotype can be described as the observable traits that can be seen in an organism. These traits occur as a result of gene expression. For example, eye color, hair color, face structure etc are the phenotype of a person.
The double-jointed elbows are the phenotype that occurs as a result of a fault in the genotype. As the double jointed elbows are observable, hence they are the phenotype.
Other options, such as genotype, is not correct as the genotype here will be the fault in the gene which resulted in the above disorder. The resulting disorder will be the phenotype.
To learn more about a phenotype, click here:
https://brainly.com/question/902712
#SPJ4
Normal microbiota are typically found in and on all the following body locations except the.
Normal microbiota are typically found in and on all the following body locations except the blood.
Microbiota is made up of two words micro and biota where micro is small and biota is a range of organisms so microbiota means a wide range of microorganisms that are present in the body including bacteria and these can be symbiotic, commensal, parasitic, pathogenic, and in the same way the human body is also inhabited by millions of different kinds of microorganisms which live in body but does not give any harm to it and the most important ones are the bacteria which are found in the skin, nose, mouth and also the gut and the bacterias found in the gut are very important as they help in digestion and also they are innate to our body as they are found and present since birth to throughout the lives but these microbes are not present in the blood which is fluid and is made up of plasma, platelets, RBCs that is red blood cells and WBC that is white blood cells and bacterias or microbes because they need an optimum ph to survive and as blood ph is neutral with 7 so they don't grow there hen put in a culture dish and the function of microbes in the body includes to protect the intestine agaisnt the colonization by exogenous pathogens and harmful microorgansisms through modulated immune responss.
To know more about this microbiota click at https://brainly.com/question/122892
#SPJ4
A cell that has a 1% NaCl (salt) solution inside the cell. The cell is placed
in an environment that is a 3% NaCl (salt) solution. The solute cannot move.
Create an argument about what will happen to the cell that is in this
environment. Remember, that the easiest way to create an argument is to
create a CER. (Hint: Set this up as a CER).
The cell in question will lose water to its environment because it is hypotonic to its surrounding environment.
What is an hypotonic solution?An hypotonic solution is a solution that have a lower osmotic pressure than another solution i.e. it has a lower solute concentration compared to another solution.
According to the osmotic principle, water will move from a region of lower concentration of solute to a region of higher concentration of solute across a semipermeable membrane.
In this question, a cell that has a 1% NaCl (salt) solution inside the cell is placed in an environment that is a 3% NaCl (salt) solution.
This means that the cell is hypotonic to the solution in the environment, therefore, it will lose water to its environment.
Learn more about hypotonic solution at: https://brainly.com/question/28020628
#SPJ1
The human nervous system includes __________ of individual neurons that assist with __________ communication. a. millions . . . external b. millions . . . internal c. billions . . . external d. billions . . . internal please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
The human nervous system includes billions of individual neurons that assist with internal communication.
The human nervous system consists of two main parts:
The central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) and The peripheral nervous system (the nerves that carry impulses to and from the central nervous system).Neurons are the electrically excitable cells that make up the nerve tissues of the components of the central nervous system.
Neurons are made up of three regions;
Dendrites - These are the branching processes of one neuron that connect to the axonal ends of the other neuron.Cell bodies - It is the soma of the neuron. Axon - It relays stimulus from one neuron to another.Neurons are essential for internal communication by relaying chemical and electrical signals that help components of the nervous system communicate with effector organs. The complexity of neurons is reflected in different clades of the organism. Therefore, in addition to the structure of neurons, the number of neurons also varies from organism to organism. In humans, about 86 billion neurons contribute to the formation of nervous tissue in the brain. The number of neurons in the brain depends on multiple factors such as brain growth, history or current condition with neurodegenerative disorders, and the age of the individual.
To learn more about neurons visit the link:
https://brainly.com/app/ask?q=neurons
#SPJ4
the polymer that has phosphorus in it's essential structure is ?
A physical model is often used to show the complex structures that exist in
many cells. Which sentence best describes a benefit of using a model of a
cell?
OA. It simulates the way a cell lives and grows.
OB. It shows details about a system too small to be easily studied.
OC. It shows the structures exactly as they appear in all cells.
D. It highlights the various cell structures but not their functions.
Answer:
the answer is b.Explanation:
Some blood is put on a slide under a microscope. The image of the red blood cell seen through the microscope has a length of 5 mm. A red blood cell has a real length of 7.1 µm.
Work out the magnification and give the answer to 1 decimal place.
The magnification of the red blood cell under the microscope is = × 0.00142
Calculation of object magnificationThe real length of the red blood cell = 5mm
The length of the red blood cell under the microscope=
7.1um
Convert 7.1 um to mm;
1 um = 0.001 millimetre
7.1 um = X mm
make X mm the subject of formula,
xmm = 7.1 × 0.001 = 0.0071 mm
The formula for magnification
= image length/ real length
= 0.0071 mm/5 mm
= × 0.00142
Therefore, the magnification of the red blood cell under the microscope is = × 0.00142.
Learn more about microscope here:
https://brainly.com/question/27127116
#SPJ1
How would you classify the interaction between coral and the algae that live in their tissues?.
a members of the species microtus pennsylvanicus living in a certain location make a up a
A mediated immune response that is effective against extracellular antigens, such as bacteria, viruses, and toxins when they are outside the cell is called a(n)?
A mediated immune response that is effective against extracellular antigens, such as bacteria, viruses, and toxins when they are outside the cell is called antibody.
What is an antibody?
An antibody is a protein-based element of the immune system that travels through the blood and detects and destroys foreign entities like bacteria and viruses. Antibodies remain in circulation in the blood after exposure to an antigen, acting as a defense against additional exposures to that antigen.
A component of the host cell's defense is the antibody. It is produced by a particular kind of white blood cell known as a B cell. Two light chains and two heavy chains make up the antibody's structure, and at its very tip is a hypervariable area that enables the antibody to produce a variety of antibodies that will react to all of the antigens that may attack the body.
To learn more about the antibody here:-
https://brainly.com/question/13981216
#SPJ4
what did Jane Goodall see chimpanzees doing that had never been seen before?
Answer: Jane discovers that chimpanzees eat meat
Prior to this discovery, chimpanzees had been assumed to be vegetarian. During her research, Jane also observed the hunting process a group of chimpanzees attacked, killed, and ate a red colobus monkey that had climbed high into a tree.
Explanation:
help me label this pls i can't find it anywhere
The provided image is an image of human cell showing different cell organelles. These are the Golgi complexes, mitochondria, Cytoplasm, Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), nucleus, lysosome and plasma membrane respectively.
How can be the image pointed from a to f as asked?
a. Golgi complexes
b. Mitochondria
c. Cytoplasm
d. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
e. Nucleus
f. Lysosome
g. Plasma membrane.
All are the organelles of the human cell embedded in the cytoplasm and surrounded by the plasma membrane. Here the endoplasmic reticulum can be of two type, one is the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and another is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER).
To know more about human cell organelles, please visit:https://brainly.com/question/19093824
#SPJ4
The answer is a. Golgi complexes
b. Mitochondria
c. Cytoplasm
d. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
e. Nucleus
f. Lysosome
g. Plasma membrane.
What are Golgi complexes used for?Proteins and lipid (fat) molecules are prepared for usage both within and outside of the cell by the Golgi complex. A cell organelle is the Golgi complex. also known as the Golgi body and apparatus.
In cells that produce and secrete significant amounts of chemicals, the Golgi apparatus tends to be bigger and more numerous; for instance, the immune system's plasma B cells, which release antibodies, have notable Golgi complexes.
The Golgi complex is where?The nucleus and the Golgi are in close proximity. Perinuclear bodies are what they're called, and the endoplasmic reticulum is also not far from them. Additionally, proteins that exit the endoplasmic reticulum enter the Golgi for additional processing.
learn more about Golgi complex refer
https://brainly.com/question/143804
#SPJ1
If we noticed that something has just one of the characteristics of life. than we can have 100% certainty that it is living and biotic.
(1 Point)
True
False
Cells that have membrane-bound organelles and cytoplasm are classified as ________ cells
Cells that have membrane-bound organelles and cytoplasm are classified as Eukaryotic cells.
What is cytoplasm, and its function?Cytoplasm is the name for the gel-like substance that makes up a cell. In chemical processes, it acts as a catalyst. It provides a framework for the operation of other organelles within the cell. All of the procedures for cellular division, growth, and replication actually occur in the cytoplasm of a cell.
What substance is in the cytoplasm?Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulphur can all be found in the cytosol. These components are essential to the metabolic activities that microorganisms utilise. The bacterial cytoplasm contains ribosomes, proteins, enzymes, and the nucleoid portion of bacteria.
To know more about Cytoplasm visit:
https://brainly.com/question/15417320
#SPJ4
A phenotypically normal woman has a child with down syndrome. the woman is found to have 45 chromosomes. what chromosome abnormality can account for this transformation?
Down syndrome mosaicism is thought to result from nondisjunction (when chromosomes do not fuse into separate cells) during embryonic cell division.
A person with Mosaic Down Syndrome he has two cell lines. One normal he has 46 chromosomes and one extra he has 47 chromosomes including chromosome 21. The prognosis of intelligence and the risk of medical complications may depend on the proportion of her trisomy 21 cells in all different tissues. , including the brain. However, in practice, it is not possible to karyotype every cell in the body, so risk cannot be predicted. Some people with mosaic Down syndrome have very subtle clinical signs and normal intelligence. However, people without detectable mosaicism may still have very different results. If either parent has germline mosaicism for trisomy 21, the risk for a second affected child is higher than the age-based risk for the mother.
Know more about Down syndrome:
https://brainly.com/question/1272160
#SPJ4
The spindle structure forms during:
Answer: A Mitosis Only
Explanation:
Answer:Your answer is the second one.
Explanation:
explain why the offspring of a cactus finch and a medium group finch would look like an intermediate between the two birds, but the song would not be an intermediate
Answer:The offspring of a cactus finch and a medium finch show the intermediate phenotype of their beaks because of gene interaction
Explanation:
When conducting an experiment, it is generally necessary to include __________ groups that are treated exactly the same as treatment groups except for the condition being tested.
When conducting an experiment, it is generally necessary to include control groups that are treated exactly the same as treatment groups except for the condition being tested.
What are control groups?
In a scientific experiment, a control group is a subset of participants who are not included in the main experiment and whose outcomes are unaffected by the independent variable under study. Isolating the effects of the independent variable on the experiment can help rule out other possible explanations for the findings of the experiment.
Positive and negative control groups are the other two categories into which they might be divided.
The parameters of the experiment are set to ensure a good outcome in positive control groups. A successful control group can demonstrate that the experiment is running as intended.
Negative control groups are those where the experiment's settings are designed to produce a poor result.
Not all scientific studies call for the use of control groups.
To learn more about the control groups here:-
https://brainly.com/question/23389356?referrer=searchResults
#SPJ4
The image shows water after it has been disturbed. In the image, the
water appears as a cone with a sphere at the top because water ??
explanation:
Cohesion enables the droplets to form, and bonding also called adhesion keeps the droplets on the needle .
Adhesion allows the droplets to form, and cohesion keeps the droplets on the needle.
so as you know Cohesion allows droplets to form and capillary action keeps the droplets on the needles where as Adhesion allows droplets to form, and capillary action keeps the droplets on the needles.
Fill in the Venn Diagram
explaining the similarities
and differences in carbs,
lipids, and proteins
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Answer:
Carbohydrates - made from sugars
Lipids - made from fatty acids
Proteins - made from amino acids
Explanation:
For more details:
Carbohydrates
Monomers are sugarsHave linear structuresUsed for glucose storageLipids
Monomers are fatty acidsHydrophobicHigher energy storage than glucoseProteins
Monomers are amino acidsMake up 50% of the weight of the cellSeveral cellular functions (structural, storage, transport, hormonal, receptor, contractile, defensive, enzymes)Have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structuresSimilarities
All 3 contribute to storageCarbohydrates and lipids have energy storageLipids and proteins both have lots of carbon-hydrogen bondsProteins and carbohydrates have similar molecular makeup and give out 4 kcal per gram
Hope you found this helpful! Please feel free to reach out with any questions, and feel free to like/boost this response! Thanks!
How do nutrients move in the ocean as a result of upwelling?
A. from deep, cold areas to warm, shallow areasB. from warm, shallow areas to deep, cold areas
C. from the neritic zone to the intertidal zone
D. from the ocean floor into estuaries
Which compound contains nitrogen (1point)
Answer:
Ammonia
Explanation:
b. Which is the broadest category of classification for
the praying mantis?
Answer:
Explanation:The table below shows the classification of a praying mantis, an insect that feeds on smaller insects. a. What is the scientific name of the praying mantis? b. What is the broadest category of classification for the praying mantis? C. What is the most limited rank and taxon that praying mantises and gray wolves have in common? Do you think these two organisms are closely related? Why or why not?
How long does it take for the Earth to make one round-trip around the Sun?
Answer: Earth revolves around the sun in 365 days, 5 hours, 59 minutes and 16 seconds. The time a planet takes to revolve around the sun is called a year
Explanation:
Answer: Three hundred sixty-five days and 6 hours.
Explanation:
Which of the following correctly lists the levels
of organization of the biosphere from smallest
to largest?
A. population, species, community, ecosystem, biome
B. biome, ecosystem, community, population, species
C. species, population, community, ecosystem, biome
From smallest to largest, the biosphere is organized into species, populations, communities, ecosystems, and biomes.
Organization of the biosphereThe biosphere, which includes all other levels, is the highest level of organization for living things. Organelle, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystem, and biosphere are the biological levels of organization of living things, going from the simplest to the most complex.
Importance of BiosphereThe ecosystem required for survival is provided by the biosphere. The biosphere's weather is something that living things should be able to adapt to. Ecosystems support biodiversity, and the biosphere is a dependable source of food for all life on Earth.
To know more about ecosystem :
https://brainly.com/question/13979184
#SPJ9
Answer: C. species, population, community, ecosystem, biome
Isotopes of carbon differ with respect to the number of _________. protons neutrons electrons
Carbon isotopes differ in terms of the number of neutrons, according to the stated statement.
The correct option is B.
What exactly are isotopes?Isotopes are elements that share a common atomic number but differ in terms of atomic mass. Isotopes are simply alternate versions of chemical elements found in nature. The number of molecular constituents affects the atomic mass.
What exactly are neutrons?The neutron is an elementary particle with the sign n or n0 that has a neutral charge and a slightly larger mass than a proton. Atomic nuclei are contains of protons and neutrons.
What is the significance of the neutron?With the possible exception of the solitary hydrogen nucleus, nuclei require neutrons to be stable. Neutrons are abundantly created during nuclear fission and fusion. Through fission, fusion, as well as neutron capture processes, they are a major contributor to the nuclear reactions of chemical elements inside stars.
To know more about isotopes visit:
https://brainly.com/question/11680817
#SPJ4
I understand that the question you are looking for is:
Isotopes of carbon differ with respect to the number of _____.
a. protons.
b. neutrons.
c. electrons.
