intraindustry trade will tend to dominate trade flows when which of the following exists?

Assuming you are over 59 1/2 and have transferred monies from a traditional IRA to a Roth IRA, and paid the required taxes following the transfer, the monies transferred into the Roth IRA are immediately available for withdrawal.

They are not subject to the 5-year rule, which requires that the account be open for at least five years before earnings can be withdrawn tax-free. However, it's important to note that any earnings on the transferred monies may still be subject to the 5-year rule if they were earned within the Roth IRA.
I understand that you want to know if the transferred funds from a Traditional IRA to a Roth IRA are immediately available and not subject to the 5-year rule when you are over 59 1/2 and have paid the required taxes.
Yes, assuming you are over 59 1/2 and have transferred monies from a Traditional IRA to a Roth IRA, as well as paid the required taxes, the monies transferred into the Roth IRA are immediately available and not subject to the 5-year rule.

To know more about Traditional ira to a roth ira,   visit:

https://brainly.com/question/3606162

#SPJ11

Marketing plans that cover marketing activities from two to five years into the future are called long-term marketing plans. These plans outline the strategic direction of a company's marketing efforts and provide a roadmap for achieving long-term goals and objectives.

Long-term marketing plans typically include an analysis of the market, target audience, and competition, as well as a detailed plan for the marketing mix (product, price, place, and promotion) and budget allocation.

The purpose of a long-term marketing plan is to provide a comprehensive framework for the company's marketing efforts over a longer period of time, allowing for better decision-making and resource allocation. This type of planning also enables companies to anticipate and adapt to changes in the market and maintain a competitive edge.

Long-term marketing plans are essential for businesses that want to grow and expand their market share over time. These plans help companies to identify new opportunities, optimize marketing spend, and build a strong brand image that resonates with customers. With a well-crafted long-term marketing plan in place, companies can stay focused on their goals and achieve sustainable growth in the long run.

In conclusion, long-term marketing plans are crucial for businesses that want to succeed in today's competitive marketplace. By planning ahead and investing in the right marketing strategies, companies can build strong relationships with their customers, increase brand awareness, and drive revenue growth over the next two to five years and beyond.

To know more about marketing, visit https://brainly.com/question/25369230

#SPJ11

Flexible manufacturing practices such as mass customization, just-in-time, and concurrent engineering are examples of lean manufacturing.

Lean manufacturing is an approach to manufacturing that emphasizes efficiency, waste reduction, and continuous improvement. It involves optimizing the entire production process, from design and engineering to assembly and delivery, in order to eliminate waste, reduce lead times, and improve quality. Mass customization, just-in-time, and concurrent engineering are all key elements of lean manufacturing. Mass customization allows companies to produce customized products efficiently and at low cost, while just-in-time minimizes inventory and reduces the costs associated with holding excess stock. Concurrent engineering involves the simultaneous design and manufacturing of products, which can lead to faster product development times and higher quality products. Together, these practices can help companies become more agile, responsive, and competitive in today's rapidly changing business environment.

Learn more about Flexible manufacturing here

https://brainly.com/question/31465969

#SPJ11

Maintaining the status quo is a major concern of managers as opposed to leaders. Managers are responsible for the day-to-day operations of an organization and their main focus is to ensure that things are running smoothly and efficiently.

They are concerned with keeping the organization on track and making sure that goals are met. This means that they are less likely to take risks and promote change, as this could disrupt the current operations of the organization.

Leaders, on the other hand, are focused on inspiring and motivating others, taking a long-term view, and promoting change and organizational improvements. They are more concerned with the bigger picture and are willing to take risks in order to achieve their goals.

While both managers and leaders are important for the success of an organization, their focus and concerns differ depending on their role within the organization.

To know more about organization refer here

https://brainly.com/question/12825206#

#SPJ11

An example of an informal fallacy that we classify as a Fallacy of Irrelevance is the- B.  Straw Man argument.

This is because it involves misrepresenting someone's argument in order to make it easier to attack. Essentially, the person creating the Straw Man argument is setting up a false representation of their opponent's argument that is easier to attack than the actual argument.

This is an example of a Fallacy of Irrelevance because the argument being attacked is not actually the argument being made by the opponent.

Instead, it is a completely different argument that has been created by the person making the Straw Man argument.

This is an informal fallacy because it does not follow the rules of logic and reasoning that are necessary for a valid argument.

Hence, option B. is correct.

To know more about Informal fallacy visit:

https://brainly.com/question/31451766

#SPJ11

An innovation stream moves from one technology cycle to another through the process of "technological discontinuities."

Technological discontinuities refer to significant changes in the dominant design or architecture of a technology, which can fundamentally alter its performance, cost structure, and user experience.

These changes can create new opportunities for innovation and market disruption, as well as challenges for established players who may struggle to adapt to the new paradigm.

There are three types of technological discontinuities: incremental, radical, and disruptive. Incremental discontinuities involve minor improvements to existing technology, such as faster processors or better materials. Radical discontinuities involve significant changes to the design or architecture of a technology, such as the shift from vacuum tubes to transistors in electronics.

Disruptive discontinuities involve a new technology that initially performs worse than the existing technology but eventually surpasses it, such as digital cameras replacing film cameras.

As the innovation stream moves through these different types of discontinuities, it creates opportunities for new entrants and shifts in market leadership. Successful companies are those that are able to anticipate and adapt to these changes, rather than clinging to the past.

Learn more about companies here:brainly.com/question/30532251

#SPJ11

Opportunity entrepreneurs are those who start their own businesses because they lost their jobs. The above statement is False.

An entrepreneur is a person who decides to take the risk of launching a new business. Entrepreneurship is the aggregation of capital and labor to produce things or services for profit. Entrepreneur realizes their idea by founding a business to carry it out.

An entrepreneur is someone who establishes or runs their own company. Entrepreneurs are businesspeople who succeed by taking chances, whether they be in the farming, retail, manufacturing, or service sectors.

An entrepreneur is a person who decides to take the risk of launching a new business.

Learn more about Entrepreneur here:

https://brainly.com/question/28225262

#SPJ1

If, the rent is allocated based on the total square footage of the space, department one should be charged rent expense for the period of $5,200.

To allocate the rent expense to each department based on the amount of space occupied by each, we need to calculate the percentage of the total square footage occupied by each department.

The total square footage of the space is 11,100, and the square footage occupied by each department is;

Department 1: 2,220 square feet

Department 2: 3,330 square feet

Department 3: 5,550 square feet

The percentage of the total square footage occupied by each department is;

Department 1: (2,220 / 11,100) x 100% = 20%

Department 2: (3,330 / 11,100) x 100% = 30%

Department 3: (5,550 / 11,100) x 100% = 50%

To allocate the rent expense to each department, we can multiply the total rent expense of $26,000 by the percentage of the space occupied by each department.

For department 1, the rent expense would be;

Rent expense for department 1 = 20% x $26,000

Rent expense for department 1 = $5,200

Therefore, department one should be charged rent expense for the period of $5,200.

To know more about total square footage here

https://brainly.com/question/27857152

#SPJ4

During the finishing phase of project closeout management, a significant challenge is to demonstrate the viability of the project. This involves showcasing that the project has successfully achieved its objectives and deliverables.

In project closeout management, the focus shifts towards evaluating the overall success and viability of the project. This phase aims to provide evidence that the project has met its intended goals, objectives, and stakeholder requirements. Demonstrating project viability involves evaluating and presenting the project's deliverables, milestones, and outcomes to stakeholders and decision-makers.

By showcasing the project's viability, organizations can gain customer acceptance, build trust with stakeholders, and secure future opportunities. It is essential to maintain accurate documentation and reporting, highlighting the project's performance, efficiency, and effectiveness. This evaluation phase helps identify lessons learned, areas for improvement, and potential risks or challenges encountered throughout the project lifecycle.

Demonstrating the viability of the project is crucial for stakeholders and decision-makers to assess the project's success, ensure that it aligns with strategic objectives, and justify the investment made. It provides an opportunity to celebrate achievements, recognize the efforts of the project team, and gather valuable feedback for future projects. Ultimately, successfully demonstrating project viability contributes to organizational growth, reputation, and the ability to capitalize on new opportunities arising from the project's success.

Learn more about demonstrate the viability of the project : brainly.com/question/31983142

#SPJ11

This scenario is related to the ethics issue of intellectual property in technology. Intellectual property refers to the legal ownership and protection of intangible creations of the human intellect, such as inventions, designs, and software code.

In this case, the navigation software company had developed confidential source code for their GPS navigation system, which they did not want to share with others without proper authorization.

Know more about the intellectual property

https://brainly.com/question/30554069

#SPJ11

To test for recorded sales for which there were no actual shipments, the auditor would vouch from the sales journal to the shipping documents. This is because the shipping documents serve as evidence that the products were actually shipped and delivered to the customer.

Vouching from the sales journal to the accounts receivable subsidiary ledger would help ensure that the sales were properly recorded in the accounts receivable balance. However, it does not provide evidence that the products were actually shipped. Vouching from the bill of lading to the supporting customer order and sales order would help ensure that the products were shipped to the correct customer and in the correct quantities, but it does not provide evidence that the sales were actually recorded in the sales journal. Vouching from the bill of lading to the sales journal would not be a relevant test in this scenario, as the sales journal is the starting point for the vouching process.

Learn more about sales here : brainly.com/question/28729600

#SPJ11

The catch-up contribution provision aims to promote retirement preparedness among individuals aged 50 and above by allowing them to make larger contributions to their IRAs.

In the United States, individuals who are 50 years old or older have the opportunity to make larger contributions to their Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) compared to younger individuals. This provision is known as the "catch-up contribution" and it allows older individuals to save more for their retirement.

For example, in 2021, the regular contribution limit for IRAs was $6,000, so individuals aged 50 and above were eligible to contribute up to $7,000. However, it's important to note that contribution limits are subject to change, so it's advisable to consult the latest IRS guidelines or a financial advisor for the most up-to-date information.

The rationale behind this provision is to provide older individuals with an opportunity to accelerate their retirement savings as they may have a shorter time frame to prepare for retirement compared to younger individuals. It acknowledges the need for increased savings to compensate for potential shorter periods of investment growth or to catch up on contributions that were not made in earlier years.

To learn more about Individual Retirement Accounts

https://brainly.com/question/29549007

#SPJ4

One way a Scrum Master can gain the confidence of a stakeholder is by making the process visible. By keeping the stakeholder informed and involved in the Scrum process.

The Scrum Master can build trust and confidence in the stakeholder.

Know more about the stakeholder

https://brainly.com/question/15532995

#SPJ11

The most popular mortgage loan for financing a home purchase is a conventional loan.

This type of loan is not insured or guaranteed by the government, unlike FHA and VA loans. It is offered by private lenders and usually requires a higher credit score and a down payment of at least 3%. However, conventional loans have more flexible terms and are ideal for borrowers who have a stable income, good credit, and can afford a higher down payment. They also offer fixed or adjustable interest rates and can be used for a variety of home types, including single-family homes, townhouses, and condominiums. Overall, a conventional loan is a popular choice among homebuyers because of its flexibility and competitive interest rates.

To know more about conventional loan visit :-

https://brainly.com/question/30032567

#SPJ11

In general, outcomes for individuals with deaf-blindness depend on several factors, including the severity of the impairments, the quality and intensity of instruction they receive, the availability of support services, and the individual's own strengths and abilities.

However, one factor that does not influence outcomes for individuals with deaf-blindness is the statement that additional disabilities do not tend to increase the impact on a person's ability to adapt. In reality, having multiple disabilities, such as deaf-blindness with additional physical or cognitive impairments, can increase the complexity of adapting to the environment and require more specialized instruction and support.

It is important to recognize and address all of the unique needs and challenges of individuals with deaf-blindness, including any additional disabilities, in order to help them reach their full potential and achieve positive outcomes.

Learn more about services  here:

https://brainly.com/question/30415217

#SPJ11

The beta on the portfolio is 1.

Jensen's measure of portfolio performance, also known as the Jensen's alpha, is used to evaluate the risk-adjusted performance of a managed portfolio. It is calculated by subtracting the expected return on a portfolio based on its beta from the actual return on the portfolio, and then adjusting for the risk-free rate.

To calculate the beta on the portfolio, we need to first calculate the expected return on the portfolio. Using the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), we can calculate the expected return on the portfolio as follows:

Expected Return = Risk-free rate + Beta*(Market return - Risk-free rate)

Expected Return = 0.06 + Beta*(0.12 - 0.06)

Expected Return = 0.06 + 0.06*Beta

Next, we can use the information given to calculate the actual return on the portfolio and the Jensen's alpha as follows:

Actual Return = 0.18

Jensen's Alpha = Actual Return - [Risk-free rate + Beta*(Market return - Risk-free rate)]

Jensen's Alpha = 0.18 - [0.06 + Beta*(0.12 - 0.06)]

Jensen's Alpha = 0.18 - [0.06 + 0.06*Beta]

Jensen's Alpha = 0.12 - 0.06*Beta

To maximize the Jensen's alpha, we need to find the beta that maximizes the expression above. Taking the derivative with respect to beta and setting it equal to zero, we get:

dJensen's Alpha/dbeta = -0.06 = 0

beta = 1

for more such questions on portfolio

https://brainly.com/question/29518759

#SPJ11

The bondholder will receive $1,050 on the bond's maturity date,

To calculate this, first, we need to find the semiannual interest payment. The formula for calculating interest is:

Interest Payment = (Par Value x Interest Rate) / Number of Payments per Year

For this bond, the interest payment would be:

Interest Payment = ($1,000 x 10%) / 2
Interest Payment = $100 / 2
Interest Payment = $50

On the bond's maturity date, the bondholder will receive the final interest payment plus the par value of the bond. So, the total amount received will be:

Total Amount = Par Value + Final Interest Payment
Total Amount = $1,000 + $50
Total Amount = $1,050

In conclusion, the bondholder will receive $1,050 on the bond's maturity date.

To know more about bond refer here: https://brainly.com/question/31388849#

#SPJ11

True. Capacity planning is the process of determining the resources required to meet the demand for a product or service in the future. It involves analyzing the needs of the business, such as what kind of resources are needed, how much of each resource is required, and when these resources are needed.

This information is then used to develop a plan to ensure that the organization has the capacity to meet the demand for its products or services.

Capacity planning is important because it allows organizations to avoid situations where they have too little or too much capacity, which can result in lost sales or unnecessary costs.

By analyzing the needs of the business and developing a plan to meet those needs, organizations can ensure that they have the resources they need to be successful.

To know more about business refer here

https://brainly.com/question/15826771#

#SPJ11

E. High prices

The product attribute or quality that most customers do not prefer is high prices.

When customers consider purchasing a product, they generally look for attributes and qualities that provide them with value for their money. These preferences include high-quality products, products with valuable features, customized options, and quick after-sales service. However, high prices alone are not typically a desirable attribute for customers. While some customers may associate higher prices with higher quality, it is important to note that customers evaluate products based on their overall value proposition. They seek a balance between price and the benefits they receive from the product. Customers are more likely to prefer products that offer a competitive price point relative to their perceived value, rather than products with excessively high prices that may not align with their expectations. Therefore, high prices are not typically a product attribute or quality that most customers prefer.

Learn more about product attribute : brainly.com/question/31192049

#SPJ11

Project management techniques can be applied in a wide range of settings, but their appropriateness depends on the nature and complexity of the project.

Long answer: Project management techniques can be applied in a wide range of settings, but their appropriateness depends on the nature and complexity of the project at hand.

PM.01 is a project management standard that outlines the processes and practices for initiating, planning, executing, controlling, and closing projects.

In general, project management techniques are most appropriate in settings where there is a defined scope of work, clear objectives and deliverables, specific timelines and budgets, and multiple stakeholders involved.

Some examples of settings where project management techniques can be applied include:

1. Construction projects: Construction projects involve multiple stakeholders, including architects, engineers, contractors, subcontractors, and suppliers.

Project management techniques can help ensure that the project is completed on time, within budget, and to the required quality standards.

2. Information technology projects: IT projects involve complex systems and software development, with multiple phases and stakeholders involved.

Project management techniques can help ensure that the project is completed on time, within budget, and meets the user's requirements.

3. Event planning: Event planning involves coordinating multiple vendors, venues, and activities to ensure a successful event.

Project management techniques can help ensure that all the elements are coordinated, the event is delivered on time, within budget, and meets the expectations of the stakeholders.

4. Marketing campaigns: Marketing campaigns involve multiple elements, such as advertising, social media, promotions, and events.

Project management techniques can help ensure that all the elements are coordinated and delivered on time, within budget, and meet the campaign objectives.

In conclusion, project management techniques can be applied in a wide range of settings, but their appropriateness depends on the nature and complexity of the project.

PM.01 outlines the processes and practices for effective project management, and it can be used to ensure that the project is completed on time, within budget, and meets the stakeholders' requirements.

Know more about Project management here:

https://brainly.com/question/6500846

#SPJ11

When the price for Blu-ray players dropped, the demand for DVD players went down, so DVD players and Blu-ray players are c) substitute products.

This is because when the price of Blu-ray players decreased, consumers shifted their demand from DVD players to Blu-ray players, indicating that these two products can be substituted for each other.

The term "complementary products" refers to products that are typically used together, such as cameras and memory cards, while "outsourced products" refers to products that are produced by another company or outsourced to another country for production.

"Interchangeable products" means that two products can be used in place of each other without any significant difference, and "superior products" refers to products that are of higher quality than others in their category.

Know more about substitute products here:

https://brainly.com/question/26412681

#SPJ11

The statement is True. Cost volume profit analysis (CVP) is a managerial accounting tool used to study the relationship between sales, costs, and profits.

It can be used to find the breakeven point, which is the level of sales at which a business neither makes a profit nor incurs a loss. The breakeven point can be calculated in terms of units or in dollars.

When calculating in dollars, the breakeven point is determined by dividing total fixed costs by the contribution margin ratio, which is the difference between sales revenue and variable costs.

By using CVP analysis to find the breakeven point in dollars, businesses can make informed decisions about pricing, costs, and sales volume, leading to improved profitability and financial stability.

Hence, it is true.

To know more about Cost volume profit analysis visit:

https://brainly.com/question/27153414

#SPJ11

International HR managers need to adjust hiring, firing, and training methods on a country-by-country basis due to differences in culture, language, laws, and regulations.

For example, in some countries, it may be common to hire family members or to require job candidates to take a specific test before being considered for a position. In other countries, laws and regulations may require specific qualifications or certifications for certain jobs, and failure to comply with these requirements could result in legal consequences.

Additionally, training methods may need to be adjusted to accommodate different learning styles and cultural expectations. Overall, it is important for international HR managers to be aware of and adapt to these differences to ensure successful recruitment and management of employees in different countries.

To know more about HR related question visit:

https://brainly.com/question/31607133

#SPJ11

The statementyou can figure out how much the economy has grown over the years by simply looking at nominal gdp is false.

While nominal GDP is a useful measure of a country's economic output, it does not necessarily reflect real economic growth. Nominal GDP only takes into account the current market value of goods and services produced, without adjusting for inflation.

Therefore, it is important to also consider real GDP, which takes inflation into account and provides a more accurate picture of a country's economic growth over time.

Additionally, other economic indicators such as employment rates, productivity, and consumer spending can provide valuable insights into the overall health and growth of the economy.

To know more about nominal GDP  click on below link :

https://brainly.com/question/13105292#

#SPJ11

The strategic planning for a large firm such as Disney with several Strategic Business Units (SBUs) typically occurs:C at both the overall corporate level and at the individual SBU level.

Strategic planning at Disney involves a combination of corporate-level strategic planning and strategic planning specific to each SBU.

The corporate headquarters sets the overall strategic direction for the entire company, including long-term goals, mission, and vision. This corporate-level planning ensures alignment and synergy across all SBUs.

At the same time, each SBU within Disney is responsible for developing its own strategic plan that aligns with the overall corporate strategy while addressing the unique needs and objectives of the specific business unit.

This allows each SBU to focus on its particular market, customers, products, and services.

By implementing strategic planning at both the corporate level and the SBU level, Disney can effectively manage its diverse operations, maintain brand consistency, allocate resources appropriately, and drive growth across various business units.

To know more about  SBU refer here

https://brainly.com/question/28524461#

#SPJ11

True. In phase 4 of the outsourcing lifecycle, the organization prepares and issues the request for proposal (RFP) to potential service providers.

The RFP contains the organization's requirements and expectations for the outsourced service. After the RFP is issued, service providers submit their proposals, outlining their approach, capabilities, and costs. The organization then evaluates the proposals and selects a service provider that best meets its needs. This selection process involves analyzing the proposals and comparing them against predetermined criteria to determine the most suitable provider. Once a provider is selected, negotiations take place, and a contract is signed.
In conclusion, the statement "in phase 4 of the outsourcing lifecycle, you prepare and issue the request for proposal (RFP), evaluate the proposals that are submitted, and select a service provider" is true. This phase is critical to the outsourcing process as it determines the service provider who will be responsible for delivering the outsourced service.

To know more about request for proposal visit :

https://brainly.com/question/31930752

#SPJ11

The main answer to your question is $2,640.

Snail Corporation filed its Form 1120-S two years late, which means it is subject to a penalty of $215 per shareholder per month for up to 12 months, or a maximum penalty of $2,580 per shareholder.

Since Snail has 5 shareholders, the total maximum penalty is $12,900. However, there is also a minimum penalty of $435 or 5% of the tax due, whichever is less.

Assuming Snail had no tax due, the minimum penalty of $435 applies, which is then multiplied by 6 (2 years late x 3 months per year), resulting in a total penalty of $2,640.

Summary: Snail Corporation owes a penalty of $2,640 for filing its 2022 Form 1120-S two years late, which is calculated as the minimum penalty of $435 multiplied by 6 months.

learn more about tax click here:

https://brainly.com/question/25783927

#SPJ11

When competition is present, self-interested business decision makers have a strong incentive to produce efficiently. This is because in a competitive market, businesses that are not able to produce goods and services at a lower cost than their competitors will not be able to survive in the long run.

Therefore, businesses have to continuously find ways to reduce costs, increase productivity, and improve their products and services to stay ahead of their competitors. Ignoring the wishes of customers who are also self-interested would be a counterproductive strategy for businesses in a competitive market. In order to attract and retain customers, businesses have to provide products and services that meet their needs and preferences. Therefore, businesses have to be customer-focused and responsive to their demands in order to remain competitive. Adopting technological improvements slowly in order to avoid making wrong decisions would also be a risky strategy in a competitive market. Businesses that fail to adopt new technologies or innovations may become obsolete and lose their competitive edge. Therefore, businesses have to continuously invest in research and development, and adopt new technologies that can help them to improve their products and services and reduce costs.
Finally, maximizing price in order to maximize profits may not always be a viable strategy for businesses in a competitive market. Consumers in a competitive market have a wide range of choices and are likely to switch to alternative products or services if prices are too high. Therefore, businesses have to balance their pricing strategies with the need to remain competitive and attract and retain customers.

To learn more about competitive market refer:

https://brainly.com/question/7024827

#SPJ11

True. An LLC (Limited Liability Company) that has only one member cannot be taxed as a partnership.

An LLC (Limited Liability Company) that has only one member can still be taxed as a partnership. In fact, a single-member LLC is considered a "disregarded entity" for tax purposes by default, meaning that the IRS ignores the LLC as an entity separate from its owner. Instead, the LLC's income and expenses are reported on the owner's personal tax return, much like a sole proprietorship. However, a single-member LLC can elect to be taxed as a corporation or an S corporation if it meets certain requirements.

If an LLC has multiple members, it is typically taxed as a partnership by default. In this case, the LLC itself does not pay taxes on its income. Instead, the income and losses of the LLC are passed through to the individual members, who report them on their personal tax returns.

To learn more about Limited Liability Company click here: brainly.com/question/9503055

#SPJ11

The third and final step in preparing the statement of cash flows is to reconcile the changes in cash and cash equivalents during the period.

This involves analyzing the net increase or decrease in cash and cash equivalents by comparing the beginning and ending cash balances from the balance sheet. Additionally, adjustments are made for non-cash transactions such as depreciation and amortization, and changes in current assets and liabilities that did not involve cash, such as accounts receivable and accounts payable.

The purpose of reconciling the changes in cash and cash equivalents is to provide stakeholders with a comprehensive understanding of a company's cash flow position. It enables investors and creditors to evaluate a company's liquidity and ability to generate cash from its operating activities.

The statement of cash flows is an essential financial statement that complements the income statement and balance sheet. It provides insights into a company's operating, investing, and financing activities, and is a valuable tool for decision-making and financial analysis.

In summary, the final step in preparing the statement of cash flows is to reconcile the changes in cash and cash equivalents during the period. This step is crucial in providing stakeholders with a comprehensive view of a company's cash flow position and helps to evaluate its liquidity and ability to generate cash.

Learn more about cash flows:

brainly.com/question/27994727

#SPJ11