ionic compounds are brittle because the strong attractive forces a. cause the compound to vaporize easily. b. allow the layers to shift easily. c. hold the layers in relatively fixed positions. d. keep the surface dull.

The statement that is not a step used for the balancing chemical equations is : a. always change subscripts to balance an equation.

The steps used for the balancing  chemical equation is given as :

The equation is said to be balanced when the number of the atom in the product side is equals to the number of the atoms in the products side.

Thus, the incorrect statement is always change subscripts to balance an equation.

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2Ag[+](aq) + S[2-] -> Ag{2}S(s) is the net ionic equation for the precipitation reaction between silver nitrate solution and sodium sulfide solution.

An ionic equation is a chemical equation in which the electrolytes in aqueous solution are expressed as dissociated ions. It is similar to a molecular equation in which compounds are expressed as molecules. Chemical equations known as ionic equations only display the ions involved in a chemical reaction. Or, the ions that combine in a solution to react and create new substances. Those ions that don't take part are referred to as spectator ions. A chemical equation known as an ionic equation expresses the electrolytes in aqueous solution as dissociated ions. The ionic species are usually followed by (aq) in the equation to denote that they are in an aqueous solution, and this is typically a salt that has been dissolved in water.

Here,

The precipitation reaction between silver nitrate solution and sodium sulfide solution is represented by the net ionic equation 2Ag[+](aq) + S[2-] -> Ag{2}S(s).

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The wavelength of photon capable of ionizing a hydrogen atom from its ground state = 91.2 nm

The energy of a hydrogen atom in its ground state = -13.6 eV.

So to ionize the atom we have to provide at least 13.6 eV of energy.

Converting eV to Joules,

Energy, E = 13.6 × 1.6 ×10⁻¹⁸ = 2.18 × 10⁻¹⁸ J

From Plank's quantum theory, E = hυ

          h is the plank's constant

          υ is the frequency.

Also  c = υλ

        λ = c/υ,    λ is the wavelength,

                         c is the velocity of light in vaccum

                        υ is the frequency.

By combining both equations, E = hc/λ

                                                   λ = hc/E

                                                     = (6.63× 10⁻³⁴ )×(3×10⁸)/(2.18×10⁻¹⁸)

                                                     = 9.12 ×10⁻⁸ m

                                                    = 91.2 nm

So the wavelength of photon required to ionize hydrogen atom is 91.2nm

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0.1812 g of O2 is required to completely react with 0.025 g of C3H8.

React is a term used in chemistry that refers to a chemical reaction. In a chemical reaction, molecules interact with one another to form new molecules. Reacting molecules may exchange atoms, combine with one another, break apart, or rearrange their atoms.

The moles of O2 required to react with 0.025 g of C3H8 can be calculated by using the following equation:
Moles of O2 = 0.025 g C3H8/44.1 g/mol C3H8
= 0.0005674 mol O2
The mass of O2 required can be calculated by using the following equation:
Mass of O2 = 0.0005674 mol O2 * 32.00 g/mol O2
= 0.1812 g O2
Therefore, 0.1812 g of O2 is required to completely react with 0.025 g of C3H8.

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Plasma is a state of matter. It was once considered as a subset of gas. But it is an entirely different state with its own characteristics.

Plasma is superhot, so that all the atoms are ripped apart from its electrons and is in an ionized state. But gas particle contains mostly neutral particles of the gas. Like we heat a liquid to produce gas, we heat gas to form plasma.

Plasma can conduct electricity due to the presence of charged particles. Plasma can be held in a place by using magnetic forces. By disturbing the magnetic field inside the plasma it emits a wave called Alfven wave, which is only characteristic to plasma.

The charged particles moves at high speed towards the poles of the magnetic field and due to its collision with each other, excites gases like nitrogen and oxygen and emits neon like lights. Most plasma's are not dense enough for particles to collide with each other, this is where electrical and magnetic field comes to play.

So plasma is formed from superheated gases, which have ionized particles, rather than neutral atoms, which are less denser, conductive, and in presence of electrical or magnetic field, emits waves that are characteristic only to plasma.

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Answer:

Explanation:

163mL

Answer: The concentration fluctuates between high and low during the reaction.

Explanation: In a chemical reaction, the reactants are converted into products and the concentrations of the species involved in the reaction change over time. The proposed mechanism describes how the reaction occurs, and it can give an insight into how the concentrations of the species change during the reaction.

When the reaction starts, the concentration of reactants is high, and the concentration of products is low. As the reaction progresses, the reactants are consumed, and the products are formed. The concentration of reactants decreases, and the concentration of products increases.

At some point, the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction, and the reaction reaches equilibrium. At equilibrium, the concentrations of the reactants and products remain constant, and the reaction proceeds at a steady state.

Therefore, based on the proposed mechanism, the concentration of the species represented in the equation fluctuates between high and low during the reaction, as the reactants are consumed, and the products are formed, until reaching the equilibrium state.

The molar mass of Fe3(PO4)2 can be calculated by adding the molar masses of each individual element in the compound.

Fe3(PO4)2 is made up of:

3 atoms of Fe (molar mass of Fe = 55.845 g/mol)

2 atoms of P (molar mass of P = 30.973762 g/mol)

8 atoms of O (molar mass of O = 15.9994 g/mol)

To calculate the molar mass of Fe3(PO4)2, we add up the molar masses of each element:

Molar mass of Fe3(PO4)2 = 3(55.845 g/mol) + 2(30.973762 g/mol) + 8(15.9994 g/mol)

= 167.535 g/mol

So the molar mass of Fe3(PO4)2 is 167.535 g/mol

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NiSO4: The answer you gave is accurate. In an ion symbol, the number component of the charge is often written first. • CrS compound.

It is a salt made up of the weak acid H2CO3 and the strong base Ca(OH). Chalk, or CaCO3, does not function like a base since it does not dissolve in water. Use the app to access an endless number of solutions.

Spherocobaltite, sometimes referred to as cobalt carbonate, is a mineral with the chemical formula CoCO3. It is cobalt's carbonate salt. When melted, it produces red trigonal flakes with a specific gravity of 4.13 that disintegrate. Cold or warm water does not dissolve cobalt carbonate, but acids can.

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The effect of the radial nodes on the orbital contours is illustrated in the following representation of this orbital, 5dx2â'y2, shown when it is divided by the xy plane.

True: A, C, and E

False: B, D

An atomic orbital is a function that describes the position and wave-like behavior of an electron in an atom in terms of both atomic theory and quantum mechanics. This function can be used to determine the likelihood of discovering any atom's electron in any particular area surrounding the nucleus. A three-dimensional representation of an electron's most likely position within an atom is called an orbital. The probability of discovering an electron near a hydrogen atom's nucleus is depicted in the diagram below. The 1s orbital has the highest probability, as you can see.

Here,

The following illustration of this orbital, 5dx2â'y2, shown when it is divided by the xy plane, shows how the radial nodes affect the orbital contours.

True: A, C, and E

False: B, D

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By dilution, 275 mL or 0.0224 MgF2 solution can be created from 69.4 mL of 0.0887 MgF2 solution.

By adding extra more solvent, such as water, to the solution, dilution is indeed the process of "reducing the concentration of the solute in a solution." A solution is diluted by adding additional solvent without also adding more solute.

An approach used frequently to achieve this concentration reduction is serial dilution. diluted homeopathy. An equation called "dilution" can be used to determine how quickly a gas diluted. A sort of unauthorized trademark usage outside the relevant market is trademark dilution.

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The molecular geometry around the central atom of each of the following species: For CF₄ is tetrahedral, for NCl₃ is trigonal pyramid, for SO₂ is bent,  Si₂H₆ is tetrahedral, and for  (NH₂)₂CO is trigonal planar.

The three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule is known as molecular geometry, also referred to as the molecular structure. Understanding a compound's molecular structure can be useful in identifying its polarity, reactivity, phase of matter, color, magnetism, and biological activity.

A molecule's three-dimensional shape in space is known as its molecular geometry. The surrounding atoms and electron pairs as well as the central atom influence it. Using the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) method, the shape of the majority of molecules can be predicted.

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100g of ice will require 33,400 J to melt because the specific heat required to melt ice is 334 J/g. Since water has a specific heat of vaporization of 2230 J/g, evaporating 100g of water will require 223,000 J.

Heat is the result of the movement of kinetic energy from one media or item to another, or from the energy source to either a medium or object. Radiation, conduction, & convection are the three possible mechanisms for this type of energy transmission.

The equation q = mcT, where m is the sample mass, c is the specific heat, and T is the temperature change, can be used to determine how much heat is absorbed or lost by a sample (q).

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Benzoyl chloride on reaction with alcohols give corresponding ester by esterification reaction. Reaction is attached below.

An organic acid (RCOOH) and an alcohol (ROH) are combined during the process of esterification to create an ester (RCOOR) and water. This process can also refer to a chemical reaction that produces at least one ester product. A reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid results in ester, which is then produced.

Some esters can be made by esterification, a process in which a heated carboxylic acid and an alcohol react with a mineral acid catalyst to produce an ester and water: It is possible to undo the reaction. Butyl acetate can be created by esterifying acetic acid and 1-butanol, as one example of an esterification reaction.

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Water and toluene are not miscible, the formula of toluene is  (d) C₆H₅CH₃.

Toluene, a substituted aromatic hydrocarbon, is also known as toluol. It is an insoluble in water odorless liquid with the characteristic odor of paint thinners.

It is a phenyl group connected to a methyl group and is a mono-substituted benzene derivative (CH3). Benzene is the parent of the chemical. The IUPAC has referred to it as "methylbenzene" as a result. Toluene is largely used in the industrial sector as a feedstock and a solvent.

Because of their polarity and functional group pressure, the other options are soluble, making option D the correct response.

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The majority of water's life-supporting qualities are explained by its polarity and the hydrogen bonds that connect its molecules.

A molecule is the smallest unit of any substance that is capable of existing on its own while maintaining all of the substance's physical and chemical characteristics. A molecule can be made up of one or more components. Atoms can be separated much further from molecules. For instance, oxygen atoms and molecules are denoted by the letters O and O2, respectively.

To create molecules, atoms combine. Two hydro (H) atoms or one oxygen (O) atom make up a water molecule's three atoms. H2O is a common abbreviation for water because of this. Millions of water molecules make up a single drop of liquid.

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I2 plus 2 S2O3-2 —> 2 I-1 pb(ii S4O6-2 13.82 mL using 0.07203 during i2+na2s2o3 titration Naoh Quantity of moles of Na2S2O3 was necessary for such wheat indicator end point.

incorrectly drawn border The margins are frequently jagged, serrated, or fuzzy in shape. The adjacent skin may become impregnated with the pigment. color imbalance: Tan, brown, or black colors may be present in varying shades. There could also be spots of white, grey, red, pinkish, and blue color.

The skin normally contains melanocytes all over it. They create melan, the pigment whose naturally imparts color to the skin.

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Solution b has a hydronium ion concentration of 1.9 x 10-4m has has the greater hydronium ion concentration. The pH value increases with the concentration of hydronium ions in a solution.

Acidic chemicals result from high hydrogen ion concentrations, while alkaline substances come from low hydrogen ion concentrations (basic substances). The pH scale can be used to quantify the overall concentration of hydrogen ions, which is inversely related to pH. When an acid dissolves in water, the hydronium ion is always produced. Always interacting with the nearby water molecule to generate H3O+, the acid's H+. Consider the hydronium ion from the perspective of the proton (H+), which is another way to perceive it. Hydration is the process of adding water to something.

pH equals -log[H3O+]. The reverse of the mathematical method used to determine the pH can be used to determine the hydronium ion concentration from the pH.

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Two factors determine how strong the coulombic attraction is: the dimensions of an atom. the atom's overall charge.

Why do smaller ions coulombically attract water more strongly than larger ions?

using the law of Coulomb. The water molecules find it more difficult to separate the ions from one another the smaller the ions are and the closer together they are. The more charged the ions are, the more difficult it is for the water to also remove them.

How does the size of an atom change due to coulombic attraction?

The atomic radius will shrink when the valence electrons are drawn in closer to the nucleus due to a higher force of attraction between the nucleus and the valence electrons.

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Number many peaks are present in the ¹H-nmr spectrum of Eugenol are having 12 different hydrogen atom.

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Chlorine has more valence electrons than P or Si, which causes its core 2s orbital to be closer to its nucleus.

Valence electrons are the electrons located in an atom's outermost energy level or shell. For instance, the oxygen molecule has six valence electrons, two of which are located in the 2s subshell and four in the 2p subshell.

For neutral atoms, the total number of valence electrons is the same as the total number of primary group electrons. Looking at an element's column in the periodic table will reveal its major group number. One member of group four, carbon, has four valence electrons.

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Answer:The atoms of metallic elements are different from the atoms of non metals or metalloids base on the outer electron/ valency electrons and the its bonding pattern.

The atoms of different metals varies in it ability to bond quickly.

The atoms of metallic elements are different from the atoms of non metals or metalloids base on the outer electron/ valency electrons and how it bonds.

Metallic atoms have very few electrons in the outermost shell. The valency electrons of this metallic atoms are few and are easily lost during bonding. They have the ability to release there valency electrons easily. Example of this metals are sodium, potassium , calcium etc.

On the other hand non metallic elements have numerous electron in the outermost shell and easily receive electron during bonding. Example are chlorine, fluorine, oxygen etc.The metalloid atoms like silicon and germanium have an average number of electron in their outermost shell. They are in between.

The atoms of different metals varies in it ability to bond quickly. For example the group 1 metals are very reactive than the group 2 metals. This simply means the group 1 metals(alkali metals) goes into bonding more easily than the group 2 metals(alkali earth metals).    

Explanation:

[tex]\boxed{\boxed{\Large\textsf{$\sf mass = 3.4 \times 63.02=214.3$ g (4 s.f)}}}[/tex]

The mass of nitric acid (HNO₃) can be determined by considering the relationship between number of moles, mass, and molar mass:

[tex]\boxed{\large\textsf{$\sf\displaystyle number\ of\ moles\ (mol)=\frac{mass\ present\ (grams)}{molar\ mass\ (g/mol)}$}}[/tex]

Rearranging this formula to find mass, therefore, mass present = number of moles ÷ molar mass:

[tex]\boxed{\large\textsf{$\sf\displaystyle mass=moles\times molar\ mass$}}[/tex]

Since we are already given the number of moles of HNO₃ present, we just need the molar mass. The molar mass of elements can be found on any standard periodic table, and the molar mass of a compound is just the sum of all the molar masses of the elements in the compound.

∴ molar mass HNO₃ = H (1.008) + N (14.01) + O₃ (3×16.00) = 63.02 g/mol.

Now plugging in all our values into the formula:

[tex]\boxed{\boxed{\large\textsf{$\therefore \sf mass = 3.4 \times 63.02=214.3$ g (4 s.f)}}}[/tex]

[tex]\hrulefill[/tex]

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Uranium-238, Uranium-235, and Potassium-40 isotopes are better than Carbon-14 to find the age of artifacts from millions of years ago because they have longer half-lives.

The half-life of Carbon-14 is only about 5,730 years, making it useful for dating materials that are only up to around 60,000 years old. In contrast, the half-life of Uranium-238 is about 4.5 billion years, and the half-life of Uranium-235 is about 704 million years, making them useful for dating materials that are much older. Potassium-40 has a half-life of 1.25 billion years. This means that these isotopes are still present in much older samples, and can be used to accurately determine the age of materials from millions of years ago.

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Ionic - CaO, NaCl, KF, CsBr

Polar covalent - HBr, HCI, BrF

Nonpolar covalent - O2, Br2, N2

The entire transfer of valence electron(s) between atoms is referred to as an ionic bond. It is a kind of chemical connection that produces two ions with opposing charges. In ionic bonding, the nonmetal takes the lost electrons to form a negatively charged anion while the metal loses them to become a positively charged cation.

In most cases, ionic compounds are created when a metal reacts with a nonmetal (or a polyatomic ion). The reaction between two nonmetals produces covalent compounds. Binary compounds containing hydrogen are typically covalent compounds since hydrogen is a nonmetal.

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In the plot to determine Avogadro's number, the x-axis should be moles of electrons and the y-axis should be number of electrons. The best-fit line's slope should equal Avogadro's number.

The mass and quantity of chemical substances are related by a number of international accords. These include the definitions of Avogadro's number and the mole as well as the atomic mass scale. The agreement that one atom of 12C will have an exact relative atomic mass of 12 forms the basis for the atomic mass scale. Avogadro's number must be calculated experimentally by some way of calculating the number of entities in a mole because it cannot be calculated from solely theoretical considerations.

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By dividing the sample's mass by its molar mass, one can determine the number of moles present in a sample. One mole, denoted by the symbol mol and written as molecular entities, known as Avogadro's number.

In addition, the molar mass of each element is determined by the weight of its atoms, which is calculated to be 6.022*10^23. (1 mole). The definition of a substance's molecular weight is the ratio of the mass of one mole to the given mass of that substance in any form of chemical reaction. It is best understood as the maximum number of moles that can be created from a given amount of the substance. Because a mole contains 6.023 10 23 atoms, or 6.023 mol, it is a very large unit. One mole is equivalent to the Avogadro number.

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Since deuterium has non-magnetic nuclei, which do not produce NMR signals, it is necessary to conduct NMR experiments using deteriorated solvents. If the solvent contains protons, the signal from the sample and the solvent will mix.

A large solvent signal that would otherwise appear in the proton NMR spectrum has been suppressed by using expensive deuterated solvents, which also makes locking and shimming easier.

Deuterium, an element that isotopically uses hydrogen and uses magnetic resonance imaging (NMR) as a solvent in imaging, is present in deuterium chloroform (CDCL3). The primary application for this substance without chemical alteration is in NMR spectrometers.

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Moles of carbon dioxide(co2) will you make only 0.0115 mol was produced.

we know the ideal gas equation,

PV = nRT

PV/RT=n

n=(1.04 atm)(1.00 L) /L atm (0.0821 )(1100 K) mol K

n=0.0115 moles of CO2.

The moles ofCaCO3 = 50.0 g/100.09 g/mol = 0.500 mol CaCO3 .If the reaction had gone to completion, 0.500 mol of CO2 would have been produced.  The two different experiments (one with 50.0 g of CaCO3 and one with 100.0 g of CaCO3) reached the same constant, final pressure of 1.04 atm.

Since increasing the amount of reactant did not produce more product, there is no way that all of the CaCO3 reacted. Instead, an equilibrium condition has been achieved and there must be some solid CaCO3 in the container.

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