is the magnitude of the impulse imparted to ball b greater than, less than, or equal to that imparted to ball a?

The maximum R/C for CP-1 at sea level would be  184np.

Given data of CP -1

wing spam (b) = 35.8 ft. = 10.912m

wing area (s) = 174ft² = 16.1651m²

Gross weight W = 2950lb = 13127.5 N

Sfc = 0.45 lb /hp-hr

Engine = piston engine of 230hp

Cdo = 0.025

e =  0.8 , η propeller = 0.8

ρses = 0.002377 slug/ft³

V(∞) = 136.4 m/hr

As a/p is cruising L= W , T=D

L=W = 1/2 ρ(∞) V(∞)²SCl = W

Cl= 2W/ρSV² = 0.387

C(D) = C(do) + ηCl²

k= 1/2πARc

C(D) = 0.025 +(1/π ×7.37×0.8)×0.397²

C(D) = 0.0319

L/D = C(l) = 0.357/0.0319 = 11.2

(4) L = W

T(R)= [W/(L/D)] = 11721.1N = 263.5lb

Max. velocity at sea level

For a propellor engine , max velocity, is determined by the intersecting point of Pav and Pr curve.

Pav = bnP ×ηp = 230×0.8 = 184np

Thus, the  the maximum R/C for CP-1 at sea level is 184np.

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Both produce a lot of energy  best escribes the similarity between the nuclear reactions taking place in the sun and power plants.

The process in which a change occurs to the nucleus of an atom, leading to the discharge or incorporation of particles or energy is commonly referred to as a nuclear reaction.

Fusion and fission are instances of alterations that can take place in the nucleus. Nuclear reactions are responsible for generating energy both on Earth via nuclear power plants and in stars.

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Complete question:

Which of these statements best describes the similarity between the nuclear reactions taking place in the sun and power plants?

Both involve joining of atoms.

Both involve splitting up of atoms.

Both produce a lot of energy.

Both produce equal amount of energy.

A. The frequency of the motion is 0.0078 Hz. B. the amplitude of the motion is 7.90 m. and C. the total mechanical energy of the motion is 14.56 J.

Frequency is a measurement of how often something occurs over a period of time. It is typically measured in hertz (Hz) or cycles per second.

a) The frequency of the motion can be calculated using the equation:
frequency = 1 / (2π * √(k/m))
where k is the spring constant, and m is the mass of the block.
Substituting in the given values, we get:
frequency = 1 / (2π * √(1980 N/m / 4.70 kg))
= 1 / (2π * √(420.42 N/kg))
= 1 / (2π * 20.52 N/kg)
= 1 / (127.71 N/kg)
= 0.0078 Hz
Therefore, the frequency of the motion is 0.0078 Hz.

b) The amplitude of the motion can be calculated using the equation:
amplitude = (2π * √(k/m)) * x
where x is the displacement from equilibrium, k is the spring constant, and m is the mass of the block.
Substituting in the given values, we get:
amplitude = (2π * √(1980 N/m / 4.70 kg)) * 0.062 m
= (2π * 20.52 N/kg) * 0.062 m
= 127.71 N/kg * 0.062 m
= 7.90 m
Therefore, the amplitude of the motion is 7.90 m.

c) The total mechanical energy of the motion can be calculated using the equation:
E = ½ mv² + ½ kx²
where m is the mass of the block, v is the initial velocity, k is the spring constant, and x is the displacement from equilibrium.
Substituting in the given values, we get:
E = ½ (4.70 kg) (1.80 m/s)² + ½ (1980 N/m) (0.062 m)²
= 8.39 J + 6.17 J
= 14.56 J
Therefore, the total mechanical energy of the motion is 14.56 J.

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The change in internal (thermal) energy of the gas is 0 J (option a). As the internal energy of the gas remains constant, the heat absorbed by the system is also zero. Hence, the change in internal energy of the gas is zero.

The change in internal energy of an ideal gas system undergoing an isothermal process, given that the work done on the system is -400 J.

In an isothermal process, the temperature of the system remains constant, and hence, the internal energy of the gas does not change.

The work done on the system is equal to the heat absorbed by the system. Since the internal energy of the gas remains constant, the heat absorbed by the system is also zero.

Therefore, the change in internal energy of the gas is zero. Hence, option A) 0 J is the correct.

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The projectile's range, when fired with an initial velocity of 225 m/s at a 40-degree angle, is approximately 1019.43 meters.

To find the range (R) of a projectile, we can use the following formula: R = (v² * sin(2 * θ)) / g, where v is the initial velocity, θ is the launch angle, and g is the acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.81 m/s²).
Step-by-step explanation:
1. Convert the angle from degrees to radians: 40 degrees * (π / 180) ≈ 0.698 radians.
2. Calculate sin(2 * θ): sin(2 * 0.698) ≈ 0.839.
3. Square the initial velocity: 225² = 50625.
4. Multiply the squared initial velocity by the sine value: 50625 * 0.839 ≈ 42502.54.
5. Divide the result by the acceleration due to gravity: 42502.54 / 9.81 ≈ 1019.43 meters.

The projectile will travel approximately 1019.43 meters before landing.

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According to the question the maximum height of the ball after the bounce is 0.90 m.

Bounce is a term used in digital marketing that refers to the number of visitors who leave a website after viewing only one page. It is often used to measure the effectiveness of a website's design, content, and overall user experience. Bounce rate is calculated by dividing the number of visitors who leave the website after visiting a single page by the total number of visitors to the site.

The maximum height of the ball after the bounce can be calculated using the Conservation of Energy equation:
[tex]E_{initial} + E_{dissipated} = E_{final[/tex]
where [tex]E_{initial[/tex] is the initial potential energy of the ball and [tex]E_{final[/tex] is the final potential energy of the ball.
Since the ball was dropped from a height of 1.5 m, its initial potential energy is:
[tex]E_{initial[/tex] = mgh = 0.20 kg x 9.81 m/s² x 1.5 m = 2.94 J
The final potential energy of the ball is:
[tex]E_{final[/tex] = mgh = 0.20 kg x 9.81 m/s² x h = 2.94 J - 0.60 J = 2.34 J
Therefore, the maximum height of the ball after the bounce is:
h = [tex]E_{final[/tex] / mgh = 2.34 J / (0.20 kg x 9.81 m/s²) = 0.90 m.

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The time taken by photoelectrons with maximum kinetic energy to travel 2.1 cm to a detection device is approximately 6.4 x 10^-10 seconds.


Firstly, we need to find the energy of the photon using the formula E = hc/λ, where h is Planck's constant, c is the speed of light, and λ is the wavelength. Substituting the given values, we get E = 3.07 eV.  

Next, we subtract the work function from the energy of the photon to find the maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons. Max kinetic energy = E - work function = 0.53 eV.  

Now, we can use the formula v = √(2KE/m) to find the velocity of the photoelectrons, where KE is the maximum kinetic energy and m is the mass of the electron. Substituting the values, we get v = 1.6 x 10^6 m/s.  

Finally, we can calculate the time taken to travel 2.1 cm using the formula t = d/v, where d is the distance and v is the velocity. Substituting the values, we get t = 6.4 x 10^-10 seconds. Therefore, the answer is approximately 6.4 x 10^-10 seconds.

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The object would be moving at a constant velocity of 2 m/s.

A vector number called velocity is used to explain how quickly an object's position changes in relation to time. It is stated in terms of metres per second (m/s) or kilometers per hour (km/h), and is defined as the displacement (change in position) of an object divided by the time interval during which the displacement occurred.

The momentum (p) of an object is defined as the product of its mass (m) and velocity (v):

p = mv

We can rearrange this equation to solve for velocity:

v = p / m

Substituting the given values, we get:

v = 10 kg.m/s / 5 kg

Simplifying the expression, we get:

v = 2 m/s

Therefore, the object is moving at a constant velocity of 2 m/s.

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The normalization condition on a particle's wave function involves evaluating an integral whose limits extend over all positions the particle can occupy.

Integral is a branch of mathematics that studies the area, volume, and other properties of functions and curves. It deals with the concept of a definite integral, which is a mathematical expression that describes the area under a curve or the volume of a solid figure. Integrals are used to solve problems in physics, engineering, and other sciences. They are also an important tool in calculus, which is the study of the rate of change of a function. Integrals are used to solve problems such as finding the area of a circle or the volume of a cylinder. Integrals can also be used to solve more complex problems such as finding the total length of a curve or the area of a region bounded by two curves.

This means that the limits of the integral always extend from -∞ to +∞, as the particle can occupy infinitely many positions in space. The squares of the positional extrema are always included in the integral, meaning that the integral always starts at zero or ends at zero, depending on the sign of the position.

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If you get pulled over for a motor vehicle infraction while practice driving with your Examination Permit, the driver holding the permit is the one who will receive the ticket.

The reason for this is that the permit holder is still considered an inexperienced driver and is not yet licensed to drive on their own. Therefore, they are responsible for any violations that occur while they are behind the wheel, even if they are driving with a licensed adult in the car.

It is important for those with an Examination Permit to follow all traffic laws and regulations to avoid getting pulled over and receiving a ticket. Not only can getting a ticket be costly and affect insurance rates, but it can also delay the process of getting a full driver's license.

Overall, it is crucial to remember that while practice driving with an Examination Permit, the permit holder is responsible for any violations that occur while they are driving, and they will be the one who receives the ticket if pulled over.

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With the same voltage, the shunt resistor should have a resistance of 30 x 10‾⁷ Ω.

The galvanometer is a device that measures the current. When it is applied to the current, the scale on the galvanometer will move. The voltage will follow the rule

V = I x R

Where V is the voltage measured, I is current and R is internal resistance in the galvanometer.

From the question above, we know that:

I = 500 μA = 500 x 10‾⁶ A

R = 30 Ω

With the same scale (full scale), the galvanometer will measure the same voltage

V₁ = V₂

I₁= I₂

V₁= I₁R₁

V₁=  500 x 10‾⁶  ×30

V₁=0.015

Therefore,

0.015 =  500 x 10‾⁶ A × R₂

R₂ = 30  ω = 30 x 10‾⁷ Ω.

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Hence, with the same voltage, the shunt resistor should have a resistance of 7.5 x 10‾⁷ Ω.

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The asteroids surrounding Jupiter's orbit are known as the Trojan asteroids.

Orbit is the path of an object around another object, typically a planet or star. It is a predictable, repeating motion that results from the force of gravity between two bodies of mass. The larger body in a system - like the sun in our solar system - exerts a gravitational pull on the smaller one, causing it to revolve around it. This is true for all objects in space, from the smallest asteroids to the largest planets. Planets, moons, comets, asteroids, and other objects, all orbit around a central body in an elliptical path. The degree of this elliptical orbit depends on the mass of the two objects and the distance between them.

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Absolute magnitude is a measure of the intrinsic brightness of a celestial object, such as a star, and is defined as the apparent magnitude the object would have if it were at a distance of 10 parsecs (32.6 light-years) from Earth. The lower the absolute magnitude, the brighter the object is intrinsically.

Given that star b has an absolute magnitude of 0 and star a has an absolute magnitude of 1, we can infer that star b is intrinsically brighter than star a. However, we cannot make any conclusions about other properties of the stars, such as their distance from Earth or their surface temperature. To further understand the properties of these stars, we would need additional information, such as their spectral type, luminosity class, or distance from Earth.

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The value of k for the reverse reaction at the same temperature is (2.0×10⁻⁵).

Temperature is a physical quantity that describes how hot or cold something is. It is usually measured in degrees Celsius (°C), Fahrenheit (°F), or Kelvin (K). Temperature is an important factor in many scientific and biological processes, and can affect the rate of chemical reactions, the behavior of living organisms, and the density of air. Temperature is also used to describe the intensity of heat energy, which is measured in joules or calories. Temperature is an important factor in climate and weather patterns, and can affect the global climate.

The value of k for the reverse reaction at the same temperature is equal to the reciprocal of the equilibrium constant for the forward reaction. In this case, k for the reverse reaction is equal to
1/2.0x105
= 0.5x10⁻⁵.

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The force that would keep the sled moving toward the left and speeding up at a steady rate (constant acceleration) would be an unbalanced force. This unbalanced force would be directed towards the left, and would need to be greater than any opposing forces acting on the sled, such as friction or air resistance.

This force could be provided by a motor or an inclined surface, for example.

The force that would keep the sled moving toward the left and speeding up at a steady rate (constant acceleration) is an unbalanced force, specifically a net force acting in the leftward direction. This force could be caused by an external push or pull, or even friction if it is acting in the direction of motion. The constant acceleration occurs because this unbalanced force continuously acts on the sled, causing its velocity to increase in the leftward direction at a steady rate.

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Electrolysis of water to form hydrogen and oxygen gas is NOT an example of a physical change. A physical change involves a change in the appearance or state of matter without altering the chemical composition. Examples include melting, freezing, or breaking a substance into smaller pieces. In these processes, the molecules remain the same, and only the arrangement or state of the substance changes.

On the other hand, electrolysis of water is a chemical change because it involves the breaking of chemical bonds and formation of new ones, resulting in the production of different substances: hydrogen and oxygen gas. During electrolysis, water molecules (H2O) are split into their constituent elements, with hydrogen atoms bonding together to form hydrogen gas (H2) and oxygen atoms bonding together to form oxygen gas (O2). This process requires an external energy source, such as an electric current, to facilitate the reaction.

In summary, the electrolysis of water is a chemical change rather than a physical change, as it involves altering the chemical composition of water and creating new substances with different properties.

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The pressure drop over the 15-m length of the pipe is 0.00108 Pa. This pressure drop is very small and can be neglected for all practical purposes.  

The pressure drop over the 15-m length of the pipe, we can use the formula for pressure drop in a pipe:

Δp = f * L * (ΔT / T)

here Δp is the pressure drop, f is the friction factor, L is the length of the pipe, ΔT is the temperature difference across the pipe, and T is the reference temperature.

Assuming that the temperature difference across the pipe is 10°C, and using a friction factor of 0.018, we can solve for the pressure drop as follows:

Δp = 0.018 * 15 m * (10°C / 20°C)

Δp = 0.00108 Pa

Therefore, the pressure drop over the 15-m length of the pipe is 0.00108 Pa. This pressure drop is very small and can be neglected for all practical purposes.  

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According to the question the normal force acting on the spool at A is = 195 lb

Force is an invisible push or pull that can act upon objects. It is a fundamental interaction of nature, and is one of the four fundamental interactions of physics, along with gravity, electromagnetism, and the weak nuclear force. Force can cause objects to accelerate, decelerate, change direction, or even stay still. All of these changes are caused by an unbalanced force acting on an object. In physics, a force can be described mathematically as a vector quantity, with direction and magnitude both being important. Force has the ability to cause objects to move, change shape, vibrate, rotate, or accelerate.

The normal force acting on the spool at A is:
Normal force at A = 300 lb - (0.35 * 300 lb)
= 300 lb - 105 lb
= 195 lb

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Answer: 6.67 × [tex]10^{-6}[/tex] N

Explanation:

The distance (r) will result in the moment of inertia being multiplied by a factor of 4 (I = mr²--> I = (2r)² --> I = 4mr²).

Inertia is the resistance of any physical object to a change in its state of motion, or the tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion unless acted upon by an external force. It is an important concept in the study of mechanics, and it is the basis for the law of inertia. Inertia is an inherent property of mass, and it can be quantified by calculating the mass of an object and its velocity. Inertia affects all objects, from particles to entire galaxies, and it is a fundamental concept in understanding the behavior of all physical systems.

The moment of inertia of an object about a pivot point is given by I = mr², where m is the mass of the object and r is the distance between the object and the pivot point. Thus, doubling the distance (r) will result in the moment of inertia being multiplied by a factor of 4 (I = mr²--> I = (2r)² --> I = 4mr²).

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Complete Question:
If the distance between a point mass and the pivot point isdoubled, the moment of inertia of the object about that point ismultiplied by

a. 1/2

B. 4

C. 2

D. 1/4

The two events that occur when measuring proper time for a ball hitting the ground would be the ball being released and the ball hitting the ground.

In computer programming, a frame is a region of memory that stores data and/or code for a specific purpose. It is generally the smallest unit of memory management, and is the basis for other memory management techniques. Frames are typically used to store information about a process, such as its current state, or a piece of data, such as a string or array. Frames are also used to store the current instruction pointer, which is used to track the progress of the program.

The two events that occur when measuring proper time for a ball hitting the ground are the ball being released and the ball hitting the ground. As the ball is released, it starts to travel in a trajectory and the time it takes for it to hit the ground is the proper time measurement.

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When the solid sphere is immersed in water, the tension in the cord is approximately 42.438 N.

To calculate the tension in the cord, we need to find the buoyant force acting on the solid sphere and subtract it from the weight of the sphere.

First, we find the volume of the solid sphere using the mass and density.

Mass (m) = 7.8 kg
Density (ρ_metal) = 2300 kg/m³
Volume (V) = m / ρ_metal = 7.8 kg / 2300 kg/m³ ≈ 0.003478 m³

Next, we calculate the buoyant force (F_b) acting on the sphere when it is immersed in water.
Density of water (ρ_water) = 1000 kg/m³
Gravitational acceleration (g) = 9.81 m/s²
F_b = V × ρ_water × g ≈ 0.003478 m³ × 1000 kg/m³ × 9.81 m/s² ≈ 34.08 N

Calculate the weight (W) of the sphere.
W = m × g = 7.8 kg × 9.81 m/s² ≈ 76.518 N

Finally, calculate the tension (T) in the cord.
T = W - F_b ≈ 76.518 N - 34.08 N ≈ 42.438 N

Thus, when the solid sphere is immersed in water, the tension in the cord is approximately 42.438 N.

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The work done on the operating gas in the refrigerator in order to remove 250 J of heat from the interior compartment is 60 J.

The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio of the amount of heat removed from the interior compartment to the amount of work done on the operating gas. In this case, the COP is given as 4.2, which means that for every 1 J of work done on the operating gas, 4.2 J of heat can be removed from the interior compartment. Therefore, the amount of work required to remove 250 J of heat can be calculated as:

Work = Heat removed / COP = 250 J / 4.2 = 59.52 J

Rounding off to the nearest whole number, the work done on the operating gas is 60 J, which is option A.

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A 5.3 L flask of ideal neon gas (which is monatomic) is at a pressure of 6.0 atm. The mass of neon gas in the flask will be 2.7 × 10¹.

Option D is correct.

Volume of the sample of the ideal gas,V =5.3 L

Pressure,P =6 atm

Temperature,T =290 K

Gas constant, R =  0.0831 L-atm/K-mol.

Atomic mass of the neon ,M =20.2 g/mol.

              PV =m(R/M )T

                m= PVM/RT

         m =(6) ×(5.3) ×(20.2)/(0.0831) × (290)

                      =26.655 g

A hypothetical gas made up of molecules that adhere to a few rules is referred to as the ideal gas. The molecules of ideal gas do not attract or repel one another. An elastic collision with the container's walls or an elastic collision with the ideal gas molecules would be the only interaction between them.

The best gas regulation (PV = nRT) relates the perceptible properties of ideal gases. An ideal gas is a gas wherein the particles (a) don't draw in or repulse each other and (b) occupy no room (have no volume).

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The on-axis magnetic field strength 10 cm from a small bar magnet is 5 μT.

Part A The magnetic dipole moment of the bar magnet is 1.2566A [tex]m^{2}[/tex].

Part B The on-axis field strength 15 cm from the magnet is 1.482 μT.

Part A

The magnetic field strength at a distance r from a magnetic dipole moment m is given by

B = μ0/4π * (2m/ [tex]r^{3}[/tex] )

Where μ0 is the permeability of free space.

We can rearrange this equation to solve for m

m = B * 4π * [tex]r^{3}[/tex] / (2 * μ0)

Substituting the given values, we get

m = (5 μT) * 4π * [tex](0.1m)^{3}[/tex] / (2 * π * [tex]10^{-7}[/tex] T m/A)

m = 1.2566 A [tex]m^{2}[/tex]

Therefore, the magnetic dipole moment of the bar magnet is 1.2566A [tex]m^{2}[/tex].

Part B

Using the same equation as in Part A, but with a distance of 15 cm, we get

B = μ0/4π * (2m/ [tex]r^{3}[/tex] )

B = (4π * [tex]10^{-7}[/tex] T m/A )/ (4π) * (2 * 1.2566 A [tex]m^{2}[/tex])/[tex](0.15m)^{3}[/tex]

B = 1.482 μT

Therefore, the on-axis field strength 15 cm from the magnet is 1.482 μT.

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The sum of the two vectors points in a direction of approximately 52.4°. This angle is measured counterclockwise from the positive x-axis.

To find the direction of the sum of the two vectors, we first need to calculate their individual components. For Vector A with magnitude 1.8 cm and angle 75.0°, we have Ax = 1.8*cos(75) and Ay = 1.8*sin(75). For Vector B with magnitude 3.8 cm and angle 36.8°, we have Bx = 3.8*cos(36.8) and By = 3.8*sin(36.8). Now, sum up the x and y components: Rx = Ax + Bx and Ry = Ay + By. Calculate the angle between the resultant vector (Rx, Ry) and the positive x-axis using the formula: θ = atan(Ry/Rx). Thus, the sum of these two vectors points in a direction of approximately 52.4° counterclockwise from the positive x-axis.

Calculation steps:
1. Calculate Ax: 1.8*cos(75) ≈ 0.467
2. Calculate Ay: 1.8*sin(75) ≈ 1.742
3. Calculate Bx: 3.8*cos(36.8) ≈ 3.057
4. Calculate By: 3.8*sin(36.8) ≈ 2.194
5. Calculate Rx: 0.467 + 3.057 ≈ 3.524
6. Calculate Ry: 1.742 + 2.194 ≈ 3.936
7. Calculate θ: atan(3.936/3.524) ≈ 0.914 radians (52.4°)

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Therefore, the current induced in the loop is 1.90 A.

(a) To find the emf induced in the loop, we can use Faraday's law of induction which states that the emf induced in a loop of wire is equal to the rate of change of magnetic flux through the loop. The magnetic flux is given by the product of the magnetic field and the area of the loop, so we have:
Φ = B*A
where Φ is the magnetic flux, B is the magnetic field, and A is the area of the loop. Since the magnetic field is decreasing at a constant rate, the rate of change of magnetic flux is simply the negative of the rate of change of the magnetic field, so we have:
dΦ/dt = -dB/dt
Substituting in the given values, we get:
dΦ/dt = -3.80 T/s
The emf induced in the loop is then given by:
emf = -dΦ/dt = 3.80 V
(b) To find the current induced in the loop, we can use Ohm's law which relates the current flowing through a circuit to the emf and resistance of the circuit. We have:
emf = I*R
where I is the current and R is the resistance. Substituting in the given values, we get:
I = emf/R = 3.80 V / 2.00 Ω = 1.90 A
Therefore, the current induced in the loop is 1.90 A.

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The rotational kinetic energy and moment of inertia of the hollow rod are greater. Both should have the same moment of inertia and the same mass.

Option A is correct.

The rotational kinetic energy will be [tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex] Iω² , since the rotational kinetic energy depends on its moment of the inertia .

Conclusion be, Both the hollow rod and single rod have the same mass and will be having same moment of inertia as

                                     I =  ∑ mr²                  ∑ overall mass

Hence , The rotational kinetic energy and moment of inertia of the hollow rod are greater.

Both have identical kinetic energies. The blocks have the same gravitational potential energy at the top because they start from the same height. Along the slope, there is no energy loss. Hence, they have a similar measure of motor energy at the base.

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To determine whether the speed of the center of mass of the two-block system is either constant or not constant during the time interval from t2 to t4,

we need to consider the forces acting on the blocks and their motion during this period.

Step 1: Identify the forces acting on the blocks during the time interval from t2 to t4.

Step 2: Determine if there is a net external force acting on the system during this time interval.

Step 3: Analyze the motion of the center of mass of the system based on the net external force.

If there is no net external force acting on the two-block system during the time interval from t2 to t4, the speed of the center of mass will remain constant, as per the conservation of linear momentum.

This is because, in the absence of an external force, the internal forces acting between the blocks will cancel each other out, resulting in no change in the overall momentum of the system.

However, if there is a net external force acting on the system during this time interval, the speed of the center of mass will not be constant.

This is because the external force will cause the system's momentum to change, resulting in a change in the speed of the center of mass.

In conclusion, the speed of the center of mass of the two-block system is either constant or not constant during the time interval from t2 to t4, depending on the presence or absence of a net external force acting on the system.

If there is no net external force, the speed remains constant; otherwise, it will not be constant.

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Answer:

A) at absolute zero.

Explanation:

The efficiency of a Carnot engine is given by the formula:
η = 1 - T2/T1 where T2 is the temperature of the heat sink and T1 the temperature of the source reservoir

Both temperatures are in Kelvin

where T is the temperature of the heat sink and

Therefore for 100% efficiency, η would have to be 1 which means that the heat sink temperature which is at the numerator will have to be 0°K which is absolute zero