JOURNAL
Journal (20% of the grade): Students should keep a journal, from the first day of reading to the last, on their
readings of our class reading assignments from the two required books, as they write their reflections on what they
read. In your reflections, try to focus on what you learn from these two authors, Dostoyevsky and Foucault, on
crime and punishment. The journal will be graded based on three learning rubrics: the journal demonstrates 1)
engagement with the reading by providing details or quotations that support what was learned, 2) self-awareness
of how the student learned what was learned from the reading and studies and 3) shows that students who can
explain how they learned what they learn remember what they learned better. Journals should be active all
throughout the semester.

Operations must ensure that the product can be produced at its maximum capacity. The role of finance is to offer methods for raising money to enable the full-scale production of the product and to assist in determining the product's potential for profit.

Product operation is a key role in product management since it deals with the continuous product process. The product operation department oversees the whole life cycle of the product, from conception through launch. Product operations, or product ops for short, is a role within a product team that supports product managers by fostering cross-team communication, collecting and managing data, selecting software tools, creating standards and best practices for internal teams, among other tasks that are streamlined. Building materials are classified as materials. are the components or materials that something can be created from. It can also be described as a material or assemblage of materials that constitutes an object. Materials can be either living or non-living, as well as pure or impure. Materials are categorized based on their geological origin, chemical make-up, and biological purpose in addition to their physical and chemical characteristics.

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At the Second Continental Congress, John Adam had a variety of responsibilities. Although it was not one of his functions, he wrote the rough text of the Constitution.

As a delegate for Massachusetts, Adams attended both the First and Second Continental Congresses. He participated in the five-person committee that was tasked with writing the Declaration of Independence, which also included Thomas Jefferson, and was a fervent supporter of American independence from Great Britain.

When the founding fathers met in Philadelphia, Jefferson was absent because he was in Paris acting as the ambassador to France. Because he was a minister for the British government, John Adams was also on the road.

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The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to change government policies, to achieve independence for a region. A civil war defined as a war between opposing groups of citizens of the same country. A civil war referred to an intrastate war which means a war between organized groups within the same state.

The Chinese Civil War was fought between the forces of Chinese Communist Party and the Kuomintang which led to government of the Republic of China. The war was a fight for legitimacy of the government of China, battle of this civil war was fought from 1927 to 1949.The US ever fight China in a war with each other during Korean War.

The Spanish Civil War fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Nationalists and the Republicans. It is so important by the mid of 1930s, fascism and authoritarianism seemed to be on the rise in Europe, it is a pending conflict between the forces of democracy and fascism. The Nationalist party achieved victory after capturing Madrid and won the Spanish civil war As a result, a dictatorship of Francisco Franco ruled over Spain.

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Answer:

If my national identity and all of my personal property were taken away by the government, I would definitely resist and fight back. I would do this by organizing protests, contacting my representatives, and making sure my voice is heard. I would also contact legal organizations to help me fight the government's actions and make sure my rights are protected. Additionally, I would try to rally public support to put pressure on the government to return my national identity and personal property.

Explanation:

Who is an American? is a topic that has inspired, divided, and sparked fervent arguments, Author Eric Foner tackles it in the sixth edition of "Give me Liberty".

Give Me Liberty! explores how, from colonial times to the early twenty-first century, freedom has taken on different meanings, existed in different social contexts, and had different borders.

When considered collectively, I think these modifications strengthen the aim of Give Me Liberty!, which is to give students a clear, succinct, and thematically rich introduction to American history. Americans' views on history have always been polarised

While the Federalists favoured a strong government with a strong executive branch, the anti-Federalists wanted a weaker central government. The Federalists rejected the idea of a bill of rights because they thought the new constitution was sufficient. The anti-federalists demanded a bill of rights.

Hamilton believed that the "Constitution" found the perfect balance between liberty and authority. He believed that the constitution already had safeguards in place to prevent abuses of power. However, many people—known as "Anti federalists"—continue to disagree with Hamilton, claiming that the new government will be led by creditors, capitalists, and other such entities. They were considered to be against the interests of the typical American.

Anti Federalist criticised the absence of unprotected rights such free speech and jury trials. Themes about what people expected from their governments are interesting. However, Hamilton won support by promising to enact a bill of rights. Madison followed his promise and created the "Bill of Rights," which gave its citizens protection.

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In psychological research, repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations to see whether the basic finding can be reproduced is replication.

Any result from a study known as a replication is regarded as diagnostic proof of a claim made in earlier research. This concept places more emphasis on the interpretation of potential results than it does on the operational aspects of the investigation.

A research is replicated by following the same steps and checking to see if the previous results hold true under comparable circumstances. When the outcomes of the first study are similarly connected to the recently acquired data, the study has been reproduced.

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Answer:

Companies from airlines to retail to tech are seeing employees seek unionization. Political environments, communication across company lines, and the Covid-19 pandemic played significant roles in spurring a national labor movement.

Explanation:

Hope it helps;)

Answer:

Sources

Analysis

The French Revolution Era, 1792. - A chained member of the Third Estate rises up against the clergy and nobility.

How does the source depict the identity and character of individuals during this era?

It shows each character's role during this era. Also showing that the war was unnecessary.

What perspective do you think the cartoonist had? How might the cartoon have been drawn differently if they had the opposite perspective?

I think the cartoonist had an exaggerated perspective. This could help the person looking understand the concept. If the cartoonist had the opposite perspective the cartoons would’ve looked more formal.

Had France remained at peace, her peaceful citizens, her idle warriors would have observed the [emperor], would have judged him, and would have communicated their judgments to him. Truth would have passed through the ranks of the people. Usurpation* would not have long withstood the influence of truth. Thus [Napoleon] Bonaparte was compelled to distract public attention by [war]. War flung onto distant shores that part of the French nation that still had some real energy. It prompted the police harassment of the timid, whom it could not force abroad. It struck terror into men's hearts and left there a certain hope that chance would take responsibility for their deliverance: a hope agreeable to fear and convenient to [the current government]. How many times have I heard men who were pressed to resist tyranny postponing this, during wartime till the coming of peace, and in peacetime until war commences!

*Note that in this context, “usurpation” means “wrongfully taking power”

The Napoleonic Era, Benjamin Constant, excerpt from The Spirit of Conquest and Usurpation, 4th ed. (1814)

How does the source depict the identity and character of individuals during this era?

The author says that Napoleon was wrongfully taking power. He believes that he was only used as a distraction. He wasn’t fit for the war.

What do you think Benjamin Constant thought of Napoleon and why?

In the beginning Constant supported Napoleon. This is because he was a member of the Tribunat. However, as Napoleon was going downhill, Constant opposed him. He was then exiled from France because of this.

The Bourbon Restoration, July Revolution / Porte St. Martin France, July Revolution, 27-29 July 1830. Uprising of middle and working classes against the Bourbon royal family.

Does this artist seem to support the renewed revolution against the Bourbons in 1830? How might an artist of the opposite perspective have depicted this scene differently?

No it doesn’t look like the artist supported  the renewed revolution against the Bourbons in 1830. If an artist had the opposite perspective, then the picture wouldn’t be in a dark setting, with dark colors. For example, I could’ve seen the sun out.

Step 2

Reflection question: Which part of the French Revolution do you think was the worst?

·         The chaos before and after the Reign of Terror

·         The governmental terrorism of the Reign of Terror

·         The Napoleonic Wars

Whichever you select, explain why in one paragraph below, and refer to specific aspects of the event from the lesson in your explanation.

I think the governmental terrorism of the Reign of Terror was the worst. It was the bloodiest. Both majesties were killed in the same year. ‘The king was beheaded on the guillotine on January 21, 1793.’ The queen was also killed later on October 16, 1793. The next year didn’t get any better, as some leaders were guillotined ‘out of fear that new radical leaders would ascend to power.’

Illinois hosted the Lincoln-Douglas discussions in 1858. Abraham Lincoln ran against Stephen Douglas from Illinois for a senate seat of paragraphs.

Douglas, known as "The Little Giant," was a Democrat who had been elected to the Senate in 1847. He played a crucial role in the creation of the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Compromise of 1850, both of which incorporated the notion of "popular sovereignty." This theory, which held that the residents of the territories should be allowed to decide whether or not they wanted slavery, was one in which Douglas firmly believed. Abraham Lincoln, a Republican who had never before participated in a national debate, was on the opposing side paragraphs. Lincoln opposed the spread of slavery and thought that it should be prohibited in the new territories. To him, slavery was In his "house-divided" address, Lincoln argued that having a union made up of half free people and half slaves was immoral and that this situation could not last. Lincoln envisioned an ultimate nation free of slavery. Slavery was made to dominate the debates due to their distinct, opposing views on it. Between August and October 1858, the discussions took place in seven separate Illinois cities: Ottawa, Freeport, Jonesboro, Charleston, Galesburg, Quincy, and Alton.

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The Byzantine-Islamic relations were not always peaceful, and there were several conflicts between the Byzantine Empire and the Islamic Caliphates, including the Byzantine-Arab Wars. The Byzantine Empire was also weakened by the frequent wars with the Islamic states and by the economic and territorial losses. The Byzantine Empire was eventually conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1453 CE.

Generally, The Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in the East after the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE.

The Byzantine Empire and the Middle East overlapped in terms of geography, as the empire controlled territories in modern-day Turkey, Greece, Egypt, and the Levant.

Consequences of this overlap included the spread of Christianity in the Middle East and the development of a distinct Byzantine culture that combined elements of Roman and Eastern traditions.

The Byzantine Empire also played a major role in the politics and culture of the Middle East, as it controlled important trade routes and was a major military power in the region. The empire also influenced the development of the Islamic Caliphates that emerged after the Arab conquests of the 7th century.

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When someone says that the Industrial Revolution was "earth-shaking," they are using a metaphor to convey that the changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution were significant and had a profound impact on society and the world. The term "earth-shaking" is often used to describe events or developments that are transformative and have far-reaching consequences. In this context, it means that the Industrial Revolution brought about major changes in the way goods were produced and distributed, and the way people lived, worked, and interacted with one another. It had a tremendous impact on the economy, society, and culture, and it marked the beginning of a new era in human history.

the leader of the band of several hundred unemployed men who marched on Washington in may 1894 to demand economic relief was Jacob Coxey.

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Middle class farmers of the U.S.  group did not share in the prosperity of the 1920 because these were prosperous times for many some groups like African Americans, Native Americans, farmers and workers that is suffered from declining incomes and unemployment in some industries.

After World War I, the Great Depression for the American farmer really began and it was a continual cycle of debt for the farmer which stemming out from falling farm prices and the need to purchase expensive machinery. Farmers miss out on the prosperity of the 1920s because most of the Americans enjoyed relative prosperity.

The distribution of money between the rich and the middle class between agriculture and industry within the United States and Europe. This imbalance of wealth created an unstable economy and the  wealth was unequally distributed in the 1920s and existed on many levels.

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The decree's statement regarding the change in the situation of the ottoman empire is a viewpoint that would most likely have been shared by members of the qing empire in the aftermath of the signing of unequal treaties in the nineteenth century. Option (b) is correct.

By 1700, the Ottoman Empire had undergone a political transformation, replacing the sultan's monopoly on power with a multi-polar system in which political power was informally shared among many different people and factions.

In 1550, the Ottoman Empire was a patrimonial state in which the sultan held all power exclusively. This process developed steadily, but it wasn't without opposition.

Therefore, Option (b) is correct.

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Your question is incomplete, the complete question will be;

The decree's statement regarding the change in the situation of the Ottoman Empire, as described in the first paragraph, is a viewpoint that would most likely have been shared by members of which of the following governments in the nineteenth century?

a. The Russian Empire in the aftermath of its victory in the Napoleonic War.

b. The Qing Empire in the aftermath of the signing of the unequal treaties.

c. The Japanese Empire in the immediate aftermath of the Sino-Japanese War.

d. The Mughal Empire in the aftermath of the Indian Rebellion against the British.

The concept of religious freedom expressed in the northwest ordinance later appeared in the bill of rights.

Taking into account the Northwest Ordinance's excerpt, the concept of religious freedom is one that is later represented in the Bill of Rights.

The excerpt's statement that "No person degrading himself in a peaceable and orderly manner shall ever be assaulted on account of his style of worship or religious emotions in the designated region" makes this clear.

Other ideas from the Northwest Ordinance that would subsequently be included in the Bill of Rights include trial by jury, habeas corpus, and due process.

Therefore, it may be said that the Northwest Ordinance had an impact on the creation of the Bill of Rights in this particular circumstance.

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The introduction of the "laws of association" by the Greek philosopher Aristotle was crucial to the growth of behaviorism.

A subset of behaviorism from a psychological perspective is called teleological behaviorism.

Thus, this is accepted to be the basic goal-oriented explanation for "movement," a phenomenon that the Behaviorist would refer to as "behavior."

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Serbia felt a natural and justifiable impulse to do what so many other countries had done in the nineteenth century-" The quote addresses: C) nationalism

According to the statement, Serbia was motivated by a strong sense of nationalism to consolidate all dissatisfied Serbs under one rule. The lead-up to World War I saw a notable impact of nationalism, characterized by a firm connection and dedication to one's own ethnic group or nation.

The war was triggered by the tensions and conflicts that arose due to the ambitious desires of different nationalist movements, which sought self-determination and ethnic group unification.

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Pioneers and traders traveled West on overland trails such as the:

In the middle of the 1800s, a large number of American pioneers traveled the nearly 2,000-mile Oregon Trail from Independence, Missouri, to Oregon City, Oregon.

Pioneers most frequently moved west in search of improved living conditions. They moved at a 15-mile-per-day pace.

A slightly bigger group of 100 pioneers traveled 2,000 miles to Oregon in 1842.

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Answer:

C. Speech that expressed protest or promoted violence was

increasingly protected.

They sustained strong ties with indigenous people whose lands bordered English colonies is the reason why the French posed a challenge to English colonial dominance in North America

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The militia from the Boston area formed the foundation of the Continental Army.

The siege began on April 19 following in position or time the Battles of Lexington and Concord, when Massachusetts militias obstructed land approach to Boston. The Continental Congress made the Continental Army from the militias complicated in the fighting and named George Washington as Commander in Chief.

The Siege of Boston was the eleven-temporal length of event or entity's existence ending from 19 April 1775 to 17 March 1776 when American militiamen efficiently held British military inside Boston, and subsequently the Battle of Bunker Hill, to the cape of Charlestown.

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1. Urban-a. factory, b. tenements, c. unhealthy, d. everybody worked, e. little time for, f. poor, g. insignificant, h. crime, long hours. 2. Rural- a. farm, b. fresh air, c. satisfactory, d. healthy, wholesome, e. quiet life, f. pride in work, g. good, h. few difficulties.

The territory close to a city is known as an urban area. Urban residents work primarily in nonagricultural industries. Urban regions are highly developed, which means there are many human structures there, including homes, businesses, roads, bridges, and railways. Towns, cities, and suburbs can all be referred to as urban areas. Cities, towns, metropolitan areas, and suburbs are the several types of urban areas that result from urbanization. This phrase contrasts with rural areas like villages and hamlets in urbanism, and it contrasts with the natural environment in urban sociology or urban anthropology. Urban centres are classified as a town, metropolis, million city, conurbation, or megalopolis depending on their size, the services they offer, and the functions they perform.

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Complete the chart comparing urban and rural living.

1. URBAN 2. RURAL

a. JOBS

b. LIVING CONDITIONS

c. SANITATION

d. FAMILY LIVING

e. LEISURE TIME

f. MAN'S SELF-IMAGE

g. FEELINGS ABOUT JOB

h. MAJOR PROBLEMS

Answer:

Hebrew Israelites should not be confused with Black Jews or Jewish individuals of color. SPLC no longer refers to these groups as solely Black Hebrew Israelites were Always together

Explanation:

Joseph Pulitzer was a Hungarian immigrant who started a morning newspaper called world and then later changed it to the evening world.

Immigration is the process by which people move to another country to live permanently. Immigration has traditionally offered states significant social, economical, and cultural resources.

There was various transformation that were happening after the war.  There were various refugees that were finding a place in the United States to live. Joseph Pulitzer was a journalist who documented these changes. He then presented them to the general public.

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The  America got Samoa after the  Second Samoan Civil War. The Samoa provided a strategic location for a U.S. military base.

A war is a conflict between two or more social groups, states, or nations that mainly involves military forces.

The wars have been fought since the beginning of man development sometimes for cattle or land or economy. Sometimes one nation tries to colonize the other nation by involving in war.

After the  Second Samoan Civil War, the  America got Samoa.  The Samoa provided a strategic location for a U.S. military base.

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The U.S. Supreme Court case that held that federal courts could hear cases alleging that a state's drawing of electoral boundaries, i.e. redistricting, violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution. option B is correct .

What is the legal foundation for the decision in Baker v. Carr?

The Supreme Court ruled in Baker's favor. According to their decision, if the state legislative districts have an unbalanced population, federal courts have the power to enforce the 14th Amendment.

                                  Biggers' case should not have been dismissed by the District Court because they deemed they lacked jurisdiction.

What is constitution? 

The guidebook for a state is its constitution. It lays out the guiding ideals that guide state administration. In addition to describing the state's primary institutions, it also outlines their interrelationships (for example, between the executive, legislature and judiciary).

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To qualify as genocide, a group of people must be targeted with the aim to exterminate them all.

A procedure known as "ethnic cleansing" involves a more powerful ethnic group violently expelling a weaker one in an effort to create an ethnically homogeneous area.

The measures must be taken with the intention of eradicating an entire group of people in order to be considered genocide. A group or person can still be charged with "crimes against humanity" or "ethnic cleansing" even if there is no proof of intentionality, but not with genocide.

The United Nations defines genocide as a coordinated effort to completely or partially exterminate a national, ethnic, religious, or racial group by the use of lethal force, substantial physical harm, the removal of children from a group, the prevention of births within a group, and other measures.

Therefore, the correct answer is option a) trials.

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During the Han dynasty, China's trade and territory grew, Confucianism and Buddhism evolved, and China's population increased. Economic and social stability, cultural changes, and the Confucianism ideology all flourished throughout the Han period.

The rise of Confucianism and Daoism, as well as Mahayana Buddhism's acceptance, occurred throughout the Han era.

establishing the Silk Road as a trading route to Europe and promoting Confucianism as the official religion, which forever changed the path of Chinese history. The globe is continuously influenced by the art and technology of the Han Dynasty, such as paper.

The Silk Road passed through regions where Buddhism was the predominant faith. At the end of the Zhou Dynasty's Warring States Period, a portion of the populace had already adopted a kind of Buddhism.

The longest-reigning imperial dynasty in Chinese history was the HAN.

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Most often, the literature majors focuses on specific themes and literary eras throughout history. They also look at different genres, such as historical fiction, magical realism etc.

A literature major reads and analyzes works of literature. This includes debating texts and comprehending their historical, cultural, and literary significance.

As a literature major, you'll be responsible for comprehending and communicating the significance of texts such as poems, short stories, and novels.

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Jefferson does not meet the criteria for greatness if we measure it by how far a president advances the country down its historically established path toward the centralized interventionist state.

Jefferson, however, deserves to be counted among the greatest presidents if greatness is determined by how successfully a leader upholds.

The real and original ideals of the federal Constitution as well as the economic and civil liberties for which Americans fought the Revolution.

He deserved to be listed among the most disappointing, though, as there were numerous things he could have done and was expected to accomplish.

Therefore, Jefferson does not meet the criteria for greatness if we measure it by how far a president advances the country down its historically established path toward the centralized interventionist state.

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