Law of Conservation of Mass Practice
1. 3Na + Cl₂ → 3NaCl
30g ? 76g


What is the mass of Cl₂?

What are the reactants?

What are the products?

Are the reactants elements or compounds?

Is the product an element or compound?

The standard Gibbs free energy for the given redox reaction is -106kJ/mol.

The standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) is a thermodynamic potential that can be used to calculate the maximum reversible work that may be performed by a thermodynamic system under standard conditions.

To find the Gibbs free energy, first we have to know about the redox reaction,

10 Cl⁻(aq) + 2 MnO₄⁻(aq) + 16 H⁺(aq) ⇒ 5 Cl₂(g) + 2 Mn²⁺(aq) + 8 H₂O(l)

As we have to analyze the standard reduction potentials (E°red).

Cathode: 2 MnO₄⁻ + 16 H⁺ + 10 e⁻ ⇒ 2 Mn²⁺ + 8 H₂O

E°red = 1.51 V

Anode: 10 Cl⁻ ⇒ 5 Cl₂ + 10 e⁻                                      

E°red = 1.40 V

Then, the potential difference between the cathode and anode is called the standard cell potential.

E°cell = E°red, cathode - E°red, anode

         = 1.51 V - 1.40 V

         = 0.11 V

The standard cell potential is 0.11 V.

The Gibbs free energy can be calculated as,

ΔG° = - n × F × E°cell

ΔG° = - 10 mol × (96,485 J/V.mol) × 0.11 V × (1 kJ/1000 J)

      = -106 kJ/mol

where,

n - moles of electrons exchanged.

F -Faraday's constant.

The standard Gibbs free energy for the given redox reaction is -106kJ/mol.

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The key factors  that determine the stability of a nucleus are neutron /proton ratio and  total number of nucleons in the nucleus.

Nuclear stability is determined by neutron/proton ratio and the total number of nucleons.Stable nuclei with atomic numbers up to 20 have neutron/proton ratio  of about 1/1.

For elements above atomic number 20 the number of neutrons is always greater than the number of protons which are  present along with neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.Such atoms are called stable isotopes.

No nucleus having number of nucleons greater than 208 is stable. This arises due to the fact when the nuclear force becomes 100 times , it operates only on very short distances .

When the nucleus attains a certain size,the strong force of attraction is no longer capable of holding the nucleus together.

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The Isotopic symbol of the element that has a mass number of 119 and has 69 neutrons is ₅₀¹¹⁹Sn.

Atomic number is the number of protons present in the nucleus of the atom of an element.

The mass number is the sum of the protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of the atom of the element.

The mass number of the element = 119

The neutron number = 69

The atomic number = 119 - 69

Atomic number = 50

The element with atomic number 50 is Tin with symbol Sn.

The Isotopic symbol of the element is ₅₀¹¹⁹Sn.

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A block of lead has dimensions of 5.50 cm by 6.20 cm by 8.00 cm. The block weighs 1587g. The density of lead is 11.30 g/cm³.

Density is a scalar quantity. It is calculated by dividing mass by volume.

Given, Length = 4.50 cm

Width = 5.20 cm

Height = 6.00 cm

Mass of lead = 1587 g

First, calculate the volume

Volume = l x b x h

Volume = 4.50 x 5.20 x 6.00

Volume = 140.4 cm³

we calculate the density of lead

1587 /  140.4 =

Density = 11.30 g/cm³

Therefore, the density of lead is  11.30 g/cm³.

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Answer:

the oil won't disolve in water because the oils resistance keeps it from not deforming

Answer:

Water and oil are incompatible. They are said to be inseparable. This is because water is a polar molecule, which means it has a positive charge on one end and a negative charge on the other.

Explanation:

The approximate age of the boat by radiocarbon dating is 2660 years.

Radiocarbon dating, often known as carbon-14 dating, is a technique for determining an age that relies on radiocarbon's reduction to nitrogen. Neutrons combine with nitrogen-14 in the Earth's atmosphere to form carbon-14, which is a process that occurs frequently in nature. The neutrons needed for this reaction are created when cosmic rays impact the atmosphere.

The radiocarbon found in atmospheric carbon dioxide molecules enters the biological carbon cycle when green plants take it in from the air and then pass it on to animals through the food chain. A living thing's radiocarbon steadily deteriorates, and as long as it consumes food or air, the lost radiocarbon is constantly replaced. However, as an organism passes away, it can no longer take in carbon-14, therefore the amount of radiocarbon in its tissues steadily decreases.

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Three samples of sodium chloride are analyzed and found to contain differing percent by mass of chlorine this indicates that only one solution has actual content of chlorine.

There may be differential volume of chlorine in sodium chloride solution in Nacl the mass percent of chlorine should be 60.8%.

With respect to 1 mole sodium chloride,

Mass of sodium in sodium chloride =23 g

Mass of chloride in sodium chloride =35.5 g

Total mass of sodium chloride =58.5 g

% of chlorine in NaCl =

58.5/35.5×100 = 60.85

​

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Ounces does an 8 - ton elephant in weight is 256000 ounces.

In the question the values are given as :

number of elephant = 8 ton

ton is measure of weight, and ounce is also a unit of weight.

1 ton = 2000 pounds

1 pound = 16 ounces

1 ton = 32000 ounces

the question is to convert 8 ton into ounces,

to convert 8 ton into ounces , we have

1 ton = 32000 ounces

so , in 8 ton ,we have :

8 ton = 8 × 32000 ounces

          = 256000 ounces.

therefore, 8 ton = 256000 ounces.

Thus , Ounces does an 8 - ton elephant in weight is 256000 ounces.

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The acceleration of the object is 12 m/s².

Given:

Force = 72N

Mass = 6 kg

To calculate acceleration apply the formula,

Acceleration = Force/mass

                     = 72N / 6kg

                     = 12 m/s²

Therefore, the acceleration of the object is 12 m/s².

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1.52 tanks of gas will be used to drive 1600 km.

A certain fuel-efficient hybrid car gets gasoline mileage of 55.0 mpg (miles per gallon).

A gallon is a unit of volume in both the US customary and imperial systems of measurement. The US gallon is defined as 231 cubic inches (3.785 liters).

1 mpg = 0.425143707 km/l; to convert miles per gallon to kilometers per liter .

mileage = 23.38 km/l

volume = 1600 km ÷ 23.38 km/l

volume = 68.43 liters; the amount of gasoline needed the trip

tanks = 68.43 l ÷ 45 l

tanks = 1.52

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The density of the liquid is 0.79.

Density can be determined by the ratio of mass and volume of a particular substance. It can be denoted by the symbol d. The concept of density is crucial because it enables us to predict which compounds will float and which ones will sink in a liquid. As long as an object's density is lower than that of the liquid's density, it will often float.

Density can be determined by the formula:

Density = mass / volume.

Given data:

Volume = 35.20mL

Mass = 28.54 g

Put the values of given data in above formula:

Density = 28.20 / 35.54

Density = 0.79 m³

Therefore, the density of the liquid will be 0.79.

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The density of a liquid if a 35.2 mL sample has a mass of 28.548 g is 0.811 g/mL.

What is density?

Density is defined as the mass of the substance per unit of volume. It can be understood by the mass of a substance divided by its volume. Density is denoted using symbol ρ. Density of a liquid can be calculated by -

                                      ρ = m

                                             v

where,

ρ = density

m = mass

v = volume

Density is a physical property of a matter. Higher the density of a substance, higher will be its mass and volume. As long as an object's density is lower than that of the liquid's density, it will often float.

To calculate density of given liquid -

we have,

mass = 28.548 g

volume = 35.2 mL

Using the formula,

         Density =   mass  

                           volume

                    ρ = 28.548

                            35.2

                    ρ = 0.811 g/mL

Therefore, density of liquid is 0.811 g/mL or m³

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If 1 mL of diamond has a mass of 3.51 g and 1 carat = 0.200 g, cullinan diamond is of 2795.7 carats.

Given,

Volume of uncut diamond is 177mL

1mL = 3.51 gram

and 1 carat = 0.200 gram

then we have to find out weight of cullinan diamond in carats.

Cullinan diamond is of 177mL volume that means

177 × 3.51 = 621.27 grams

If 1 carat = 0.200grams

then 1 gram = 4.5 carats

621.27 grams = 621.27 × 4.5 = 2795.7 carats

Hence, cullinan diamond is of 2795.7 carats.

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Answer:

a. highest point

The element iodine appears in Period 5 of the Periodic Table. This means that an iodine atom has five orbitals in its electron cloud. so the correct option is (b).

As a member of group 7, iodine possesses seven outer electrons. Since it is in the fifth period, its electrons will be in orbitals 5s and 5p. The chemical formula for iodine is 5s25px25py25pz1.

total amount of electrons that could occupy each orbital

Again using iodine as an example, we can observe on the periodic table that it has an atomic number of 53. ( In neutral state it contains 53 electrons). The configuration of the entire electron cloud is 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d105p5.

Iodine is a trace element that can be found as a dietary supplement, as well as naturally in some foods and some forms of salt. Iodine is a necessary component of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) (T3).

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Hydrogen of mass of 2.625kg is required to produce 3.3kg of ammonia.

The mass of a physical body is a measure of its entire makeup. Inertia, or the body's opposition to acceleration when a cumulative force is applied, is also measured by this term. The strength of a body's gravitational pull on other bodies is also influenced by its mass. In an ionic crystal, formula mass is the total atomic mass of all the atoms that make up the formula unit. The amount of a material that is equivalent to its molecular mass in grams is referred to as its molar mass. Usually, It is measured in grams (g) or kilograms (kg).

Given:

Mass, m of [tex]NH_3[/tex] = 3.3kg

Molar mass, mm of [tex]NH_3[/tex] = 17g/mol

To find:

Mass of [tex]H_2[/tex] = ?

Reaction:

[tex]N_2 (g) + 3H_2 (g) \rightarrow 2NH_3 (g)[/tex]

Formula:

[tex]nNH_3[/tex] = mass/molar mass

moles of N, [tex]nN = \frac{nNH_3}{\% yield}[/tex]

moles of H = [tex]\frac{3}{2} nN[/tex]

mass of H = moles of H x molar mass of H

Calculations:

n = 3300 / 17

n = 194.12 mol

moles of N, nN = 194.12 / 0.224

nN = 866.61 mol

1 mol required [tex]\frac{3}{2}[/tex] mol [tex]NH_3[/tex]

moles of H, nH = [tex]\frac{3}{2} * 866.61[/tex]

nH = 1299.92 mol

mass of hydrogen, m = 1299.92 x 2.02

m = 2625.84g

m = 2.625kg

Result:

The mass of hydrogen required is 2.625kg.

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Answer:Diagram of the nuclear composition and electron configuration of an atom of yttrium-89 (atomic number: 39), the most common isotope of this element. The nucleus consists of 39 protons (red) and 50 neutrons (blue). 39 electrons (green) bind to the nucleus, successively occupying available electron shells (rings).

Explanation:Need brainliest award

Answer:

Explanation:

39

manganese(ii) sulfate and chromium(ii) nitrate precipitation reaction takes place.

Manganese(II) sulfate MnSO₄ and chromium nitrate Cr(NO₃)₂ are both water-soluble ionic compounds. When mixed in solution, the following constituent ions are formed:

Mn2+, Cr2+ NO

Possessing relatively good water solubility, manganese(II) nitrate remains dissolved in solution. . However, calcium sulfate is insoluble and common to most ionic compounds that bind Group 2A metal cations and sulfate anions. Therefore, a precipitation reaction takes place. The balanced molecular reaction equation is:

MnSO₄(aq) + Cr(NO₃)₂(aq) → CrSO₄

The ionic formula describes all strong electrolyte species in terms of fully dissociated ionic components.

Mn2+(aq) + SO2(aq) + Cr₂+(aq) + 2N

The net ion equation excludes manganese (II) and nitrate spectator ions.

Dissolution completely dissociates both reactant compounds into their constituent ions, allowing these ions to pair to form two new ionic compound products. A key feature is that one of these products is relatively insoluble in water, which can usually be predicted without calculation. The net ion equation for the precipitation reaction system focuses on the formation of this solid insoluble product so that all spectator ions are removed.

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A weak acid and its conjugate base are typically present in a buffer solution. When H+ is added to a buffer, the conjugate base of the weak acid accepts a proton (H+), “absorbing” the H+ before the pH of the solution drops significantly. The buffering region is approximately 1 pH unit on either side of the conjugate acid’s pKa. The buffering region’s midpoint occurs when one-half of the acid reacts to dissociation

A titration curve graphically depicts buffer capacity. The middle of the curve is flat because the addition of base or acid has little effect on the pH of the solution. This is known as the buffer zone. When a small amount of acid or base is added to the buffer system.

This portion of the titration curve corresponds to the buffer region: it exhibits the smallest change in pH per increment of an added strong base.

The acid-base properties of the solution are dominated by the equilibrium for dissociation of the weak acid, corresponding to Ka, in the region of the titration curve at the lower left, before the midpoint. The acid-base properties of the solution are dominated by the equilibrium for the reaction of the conjugate base of the weak acid with water, corresponding to Kb, in the region of the titration curve at the upper right, after the midpoint. However, because Ka and Kb are related by Kw, we can calculate one from the other.

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The volume of 12-ounce fluid in an aluminum beverage is equal to 0.3552 liters.

We know that a fluid ounce is equal to 29.6 m and 1000 ml is equal to 1 liter in the metric system of units.

Converting 12 fluid ounces into milliliter(ml) by the unitary method:

1 fl ounce = 29.6 ml

1×12 fl ounce = 29.6×12 ml

12 fl ounce= 355.2 ml

Now converting 355.2 milliliters (ml) into Liter by the unitary method:

1000 ml= 1 L

1 ml= 0.001 L

1×355.2 ml= 0.001×355.2 L

355.2 ml= 0.3552 L

Therefore 12 fluid ounces of beverage is equal to 0.3552 Liters in volume.

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Aluminum is a metal whose temperature rises by 52.0 °C when it absorbs 4680 J of heat in a 100 g sample. It has low density, non-toxicity, high thermal conductivity, good corrosion resistance.

The unknown metal has a mass (m) of 100.g and absorbs 4680 J of heat (Q) resulting in a temperature rise of 52.0 °C (ΔT).

It has low density, non-toxicity, high thermal conductivity, good corrosion resistance, and can be quickly cast, machined, and formed. Non-magnetic and non-flammable. It is the second most malleable metal and the sixth most malleable metal.

Aluminum is a metal with a specific heat capacity of 0.900 J/g.°C.

Specific heat, the amount of heat required to raise 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius. The units for specific heat are usually calories or joules/grams/Celsius.

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Answer:

Noble gases are the least reactive of all elements. That's because they have eight valence electrons, which fill their outer energy level. This is the most stable arrangement of electrons, so noble gases rarely react with other elements and form compounds.

The reaction that occurs is:

2K (s)+H2O (l)→2KOH (aq)+H2 (g)

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The most abundant isotope here is 259Q.

We know that isotopes refers to those atoms of elements that have the same atomic number but different mass numbers. The reason for the difference in the mass number is because they do not have the same number of neutrons. Recall that the mass number is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

The existence of isotopy is the reason why the relative atomic masses of elements are not whole numbers.

Note that the isotopes are not abundant to the same extent. The isotopes that are are more abundant tend to affect the value of the relative atomic mass. The relative atomic mass is nearest in value to the mass of the most abundant individual isotope.

As such, the most abundant isotope here is 259Q.

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The chemical energy contained in gas changed into energy to run the car. The plants store chemical energy produced during photosynthesis. Mr. Tracy had the energy to pick up the plants and carry them to the car because of the chemical energy stored in foods.

Mr. Tracy drove to the nursery to buy plants for his garden. While driving, the chemical energy stored in the gas present in the gas tank in his car is burned to produce energy that drives the engine of the car.

The plants that Mr. Tracy was going to buy store chemical energy through the production of carbohydrates via the process of photosynthesis. Mr. Tracy had the energy to pick up the plants and carry them to the car because of the energy stored in foods.

The foods are oxidized during respiration to unlock the energy and convert them to usable energy by the body, usally in the form of ATP. Respiration involves series of steps, including the conversion of glucose to pyruvate molecules and the conversion of the pyruvates to carbon dioxide and water.

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The following are the results of the unit conversions as shown in the question;

1) 43900 Pa

2)  71.3 Pa

3)  5.36 * 10^-3 L

4) 0.586 g

5) 9.37 * 10^-7 L

We know that conversion from one unit to another is performed by the use of conversion factor. We know that we could carry out these conversions from one unit to another in order to improve the ease at which we are able to perform a calculation.

We know that dimensions are very important when we are trying to effect the conversion. Let us now try to effect each of the conversions as shown;

1) 4390000 * 1 Pa/100c Pa = 43900 Pa

2) 0.0713 kPa * 1000 Pa/1 KPa = 71.3 Pa

3) 53.6 dL * 1 L/10000 dL = 5.36 * 10^-3 L

4) 586 mg * 1 g/1 * 10^3 = 0.586 g

5) 0.937 μL * 1 L/1 * 10^6  μL = 9.37 * 10^-7 L

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The empirical formula of the original compound given the combustion analysis data is CH₂O

Mass of C = (12 / 44) × 51.29

Mass of C = 13.99 g

Mass of H = (2 / 18) × 20.99

Mass of H = 2.33 g

Mass of O = (mass of compound) – (mass of C + mass of H)

Mass of O = 35 – (13.99 + 2.33)

Mass of O = 18.68 g

Divide by their molar mass

C = 13.99 / 12 = 1.1658

H = 2.33 / 1 = 2.33

O = 18.68 / 16 = 1.1675

Divide by the smallest

C = 1.1658 / 1.1658 = 1

H = 2.33 / 1.1658 = 2

O = 1.1675 / 1.1658 = 1

Thus, the empirical formula of the compound is CH₂O

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Answer:

y= .31120332x

The ion with a mass number of 65, with 36 neutrons and a charge of +1 is Copper (Cu). It has 29 protons and 28 electrons.

An ion is a charged particle formed when an atom loses or gains electrons. When electrons are lost, a negatively charged anion is formed, electrons are gained. a positively charged cation is formed.

The ion in the question has a mass number of 65. This means that the total number of protons and neutrons is 65. To get the number of protons, we subtract the number of neutrons from the mass number. That will give us 29 protons.

From the number of protons, we can identify the element symbol. The number of protons equal to the atomic number. Hence, the ion has an atomic number of 29. On the periodic table, the element with an atomic number of 29 is Copper (Cu). It also has a charge of +1, meaning that it has given out one electron. Therefore, it will have 28 electrons instead of 29.

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Assuming that the atom has a neutral charge:

The number of protons is equal to the number of electrons.

The number of neutrons is the mass subtracted by the number of protons.

The atomic number is the same as the number of protons.

Answer:

Protons = 21

Neutrons = 23

Atomic # = 21