LESSON 2 REVIEW
Building Citizenship
1. DRAWING CONCLUSIONS How does judicial review protect
U.S. citizens?
Building History-Social Science
Analysis Skills
2. UNDERSTANDING CONTEXT Which part of the Constitution
gives Congress a flexible way to interpret its powers to act? Why
did the Founders include this provision in the Constitution?
3. INTERPRETING How are members of the House of
Representatives selected? Reread the primary source selection
from Thomas Jefferson about the organization of the U.S.
government. Why did he believe House members should be
selected in this way?
4. IDENTIFYING EFFECTS Why is Marbury v. Madison
considered one of the most important rulings of the Supreme
Court?
Writing About Government
5. ARGUMENTATIVE WRITING The Constitution gives Congress
the power of taxation. Why do you think the Founders gave this
power to the legislative branch instead of the executive branch?
Which branch do you think should have the power to levy taxes?
Write a persuasive essay to support your point of view. Be sure
to provide concrete examples to support your points.
Collaborating
6. INTEGRATING INFORMATION In small groups, create a mind
map of the three branches of the U.S. government. First, generate a
central idea about the topic, and write it in the center of the mind
map. From that main idea, group members should brainstorm to
create branches that each represent a single word and/or image
relating to the main topic. Then create sub-branches that stem from
the main branches to further expand on ideas and concepts. It can
be helpful to use different colors and images and different sizes of
letters to differentiate the importance of concepts.
The Constitution
97

The time line of the events that led the United States to control China have been given below.

Here is a brief timeline of the key events that led to US influence or control over China:

Opium Wars (1840-1842 and 1856-1860): The First and Second Opium Wars, fought between China and Britain with assistance from France, resulted in the legalization of the opium trade and the opening of several Chinese ports to foreign trade, including the US.

Boxer Rebellion (1899-1901): The US, along with other foreign powers, intervened in the Boxer Rebellion to protect their interests in China, leading to the imposition of unequal treaties and further weakening of the Chinese government.

20th century: As China struggled with political instability and foreign aggression, the US took advantage of the situation to expand its economic and political influence in the country. American businesses gained significant investments in China, while the US government wielded its diplomatic and military power to shape Chinese affairs.

Cold War (1947-1991): During the Cold War, the US sought to prevent the spread of communism in Asia and supported the Nationalist government in Taiwan, while the Communist government in mainland China received support from the Soviet Union.

Post-Cold War (1991-present): The US continues to play a major role in China's development, with a complex relationship that includes both economic cooperation and competition, as well as political and strategic tensions.

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Answer:

Judaism's greatest prophet is generally considered to be Moses. Moses is considered to be the greatest of all the prophets in Jewish tradition and is best known for leading the Israelites out of Egypt and delivering the Ten Commandments.

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The Aztecs expanded their empire through armed conquest while simultaneously maintaining it by levying tribute on the lands they had conquered.

Through a group of tribunes, they gained wealth after multiple military victories. They made an unmistakable name for themselves as an empire by selecting Campitelli, a descendant of the Mulhacen royal family, as their emperor. The Aztecs ascended to power by waging war and conquering their neighbors.

They evolved into fierce fighters and diplomatic masters. In the late 1300s and early 1400s, the Aztecs began to expand their influence in politics. The Aztec ruler Itzcoatl formed alliances with the neighboring cities of Tlacopan and Texcoco in order to establish the Triple Alliance, which ruled until the arrival of the Spanish in 1519.

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An example of imperialism includes France's control of Vietnam from the mid- to late-1800s.

Imperialism is the state policy, practice, or advocacy of extending power and dominion, especially by direct territorial accession or by gaining political and profitable control of other areas, frequently through employing hard power( profitable and military power), but also soft power( artistic and politic power). While related to the generalities of colonialism and conglomerate, imperialism is a distinct conception that can apply to other forms of expansion and numerous forms of government.

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The longest conflict in modern history was the Battle of Verdun, which lasted from February 21 to December 15, 1916. On the banks of the Meuse River, the fortified city of Verdun served as a crucial strategic connection for the French section of the Allied line along the Western Front.

Verdun was a national treasure and a fortification of symbolic importance to the French people. Such a citadel's destruction would be a severe setback for French morale.

In the Battle of Verdun, a significant German onslaught was repelled by the French during World War I. 300,000 people died in the conflict.

The German march was halted in Verdun as a result of the French resistance. There was a severe personnel shortage in the German army as a result of the enormous German losses at Verdun and the much higher deaths sustained on the Somme. This shortage would get worse as the war went on.

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In the mid 1900s, by them repopulating a lot that profoundly increased human life expectancy  because the population rapidly increases the growth that mainly caused by a decreasing death rate than birth rate and particularly in average human population.

The significant increase in the human life population depend on the three factors that have accounted for the rapid growth of the world's human population that is first decrease in death rate while increase in birthrate, second  better disease treatment causing infant mortality to decline.

An increase in cities and urban environments encourage larger populations to spawn. We need to know  truly data which study population ecology in which the density know the size and amount of the population.

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For the greater part of human history, the typical life expectancy was significantly under 50 years. It started to rise notably in the nineteenth hundred years, hitting 49 in the US in 1900 and afterward required off in the twentieth 100 years.

In 1900, one out of 40 Americans passed on every year. By 2013, that rate was approximately one of every 140, a combined improvement of multiple-thirds. The future upon entering the world rose by over 30 years over this period, from 47 to 79.

But age of death entering the world in the early many years of the twentieth century was low due principally to high baby mortality, and somebody who passed on as a kid couldn't have ever worked and paid into Government backed retirement.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Hindus believe in reincarnation, known as the cycle of samsara in the Hindu religion. They believe in the cyclicality of all life in the world. The Hindus believe in Jati and Karma, Jati being a system of castes(Brahmin-Kshatriya-Viasya-Sudra) and Karma being the belief that the nature of one's actions in the current life influence the reincarnation into the next life. These beliefs help Hindus refrain from sinning and encourage them to do good, since if one has good Karma, they might be reincarnated into a higher caste of Jati in the next life.

The Mexican Repatriation Act, also known as the Voluntary Repatriation Program, was a U.S. government program that was implemented in the 1930s with the intent of encouraging or forcing the repatriation of Mexican and Mexican-American citizens from the United States Mexico.

The program was intended to address the economic challenges of the Great Depression by reducing the number of people seeking government assistance in the United States. The act was implemented as a voluntary program, but it often turned into a forced removal of Mexican and Mexican-American citizens. The program was carried out by the U.S. government and local officials, and it resulted in the forced deportation of hundreds of thousands of people, many of whom were U.S. citizens. The act was ended in the mid-1930s, but the repercussions of the program have been felt by the Mexican-American community for decades.The Voluntary Family reunification Program, also known as the Mexican Family reunification Act, was a U.S. government initiative that was put into place in the 1930s with the aim of encouraging or compelling Mexican and Mexican-American residents to return to Mexico from the United States. The program's goal was to lessen the number of Americans requesting government aid, which would help with the Great Depression's economic problems. Although the law was intended to be a voluntary programme, it frequently resulted in the expulsion of Mexican or Mexican-American residents. The policy, which was implemented by the American government and local authorities, led to the forcible deportation of hundreds of thousands of individuals, many of whom were citizens of the United States.

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The author uses the repeating literacy device to underline this critical break point that must be attacked in order to stop the flow of children, he remarks that the violence must be stopped and for this the fundamental reason must be solved, such as the demand for illegal substances.

Which fuels the violence. The refugee issue is caused by the violence that Honduras is experiencing, according to the author. He used the repetition literacy strategy to underline the critical breakpoint that must be addressed in order to stem the flow of children. He says that the violence must stop, and that the core problem, such as the demand, must be addressed.

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Credit buy practices were not formed before to 1940 since credit purchase usage did not begin until that year.

Credit is a kind of payment that was developed in the 1940s that allows consumers to acquire goods and services without having to pay for them in full up front. Instead, the value of the goods or services is postponed and paid for over the course of numerous installments.

Since individuals may buy some products or services regardless of whether they have money to pay for them, credit is a form of payment that has developed throughout history and gained popularity.

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In American history, isolationism has often been a recurring topic. It found expression in the Monroe Doctrine from the early 19th century and in President George Washington's farewell speech. The political climate in the United States during the 1930s is where the phrase is most frequently used.

In American history, isolationism has frequently come up. It found expression in the farewell speech of President George Washington and the Monroe Doctrine of the early 19th century. The political climate in the United States in the 1930s is the context in which the term is most frequently used. Americans were reluctant to worry about the rise of fascism in Europe for a number of reasons, including the failure of President Woodrow Wilson's internationalism, liberal resistance to war as a tool of policy, and the hardships of the Great Depression. Economic or military help to any nation involved in the European conflicts that would lead to World War II was virtually prohibited by the Johnson Act (1934) and the Neutrality Acts (1935–36). In addition to encouraging the British to pursue their appeasement strategy, U.S. isolationism also contributed to French paralysis in the face of the escalating threat posed by Nazi Germany.

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The blank can be completed this way:

The Empresario system of land allocation was a procedure in which land was assigned to people who came to settle in Texas. The duty of assigning lands to people was dedicated to certain businessmen with that primary tasks.

Some people who met certain religious standing were given grants by the Empresarios who coordinated the entire system. So, the Empresario system was majorly used by Mexico for the purpose of land allocation in Texas.

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Islamic expansion in eastern europe was counterbalanced by the major loss of the Ottoman state in europe by 1500

War and gradual territorial expansion had served as the foundation for the Ottoman state. The Ottoman Empire's ability to sustain its massive administration and army declined as opportunities for new conquests dried up and areas started to fall to their Christian and Muslim adversaries. Regional and municipal officials retained more money for their own use due to the corruption and inefficiency of state bureaucrats. Many local officials, who also held authority over sizable landed estates and were thus poorly supervised by the central government, put pressure on the peasants and labourers who farmed their farms to pay money more taxes and use their services.

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Answer:

d. Can declare executive actions unconstitutional.

Explanation:

The executive branch is responsible for enforcing laws, vetoing laws, and granting pardons to federal offenders. But the power to declare executive actions unconstitutional is the function of Judiciary branch, specifically the Supreme court.

The Mexican government hoped that if they allowed Americans to settle in Texas, the Americans would encourage economic growth- the option B.

The Federal government of Mexico is the central government of the United Mexican States and the national government that shares sovereignty over the republic with the governments of the 31 separate Mexican states. It also represents these governments before international organizations like the United Nations. The United Mexican States Constitution, which was adopted in 1917 and has since been revised, establishes the three branches of the federal government of Mexico: the executive, legislative, and judicial. The president and his cabinet, who together are independent of the legislature, lead the executive branch, which in turn exercises the executive power. The Congress of the Union, a bicameral legislature made up of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, has the authority to enact laws.

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All of the following options are considered to be roles of the media during political campaigns.

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Explanation:

From this letter, it is clear that the big problem causing difficulty in the early states is the lack of attendance and participation of some states in Congress. Rufus King states that since October, only nine states have been on the floor, and it is uncertain when they will have nine again. He also mentions that many of the states care so little about the Union that they take no measures to keep a representative in Congress. This lack of attendance and participation is causing Congress to be ineffective, and the desired effect of passing resolutions and sending letters to the deficient states is not being achieved.

Cities flourished during the Middle Ages for a number of reasons, including increasing trade (A), rising interest in culture and the arts (E), and more work opportunities (C).

The Middle Ages saw an increase in population, which spread over Western Europe, especially in Germany and France, and contributed to the creation of cities.

A period of civilization known as the Middle Ages saw the growth of numerous cities all across the world (especially Europe).

Following the fall of the Roman Empire in the fifth century, the Middle Ages started.

In conclusion, the Middle Ages saw a surge in urban development due to greater trade (A), rising cultural and artistic interest (E), and more work options (C).

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Answer:

Juan Calvino

Explanation:

Juan Calvino, un teólogo francés que vivió en el siglo XV, es probablemente el defensor más conocido de la predestinación. Los puntos de vista enseñados por Calvino se conocieron como “Calvinismo”. “La predestinación es un principio central de la teología calvinista.

Jair is the seventh judge of Israel. This judge was from Gilead, east of the Jordan, and had thirty sons who rode thirty donkeys, which was considered a sign of royalty.

In the Biblical book Judges it is mentioned that he was a Gileadite who judged Israel for 22 years, after which he died and was buried in Qamon.

It is believed that he was a descendant of Judah. but he was counted as from Manasseh because his grandfather Hezron probably knew a woman from Manasseh.

This judge of Israel conquered several villages in the territory of Transjordan, a region where there were some sixty populations.

The biblical text does not mention all the names of Jair's sons, but notes that each one was appointed administrator of a village.

Since he was an important Gileadite, he gave each of his 30 sons a donkey to ride, considered at the time a symbol of royalty.

Among the thirty sons of Jair, Mordecai is mentioned, who is one of the main protagonists of the Book of Esther and who was linked to the Jewish heroine who gives his name to this biblical text.

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In this image, a white student is giving new classmates a tour. This action was possible after the ruling in Brown v. Board of Education. Correct option (d)

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), was a major decision by the U.S. Supreme Court, which found that U.S. state laws creating racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality.

The ruling largely invalidated the Court's 1896 decision Plessy v. Ferguson, which had found that racial segregation statutes did not violate the U.S. Constitution as long as the facilities for each race were equal in quality, a notion that had come to be known as "separate but equal". The Brown judgment cleared the path for integration, was a key success for the civil rights movement, and served as a model for many future impact litigation cases.

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After the Union defeated the Confederacy, the Lost Cause emerged. As a result, the idea took a look back at the past, allowing its adherents to view the Civil War as an honorable conflict between societies.

The majority of historians view the Lost Cause interpretation of the American Civil War as a fabrication that aims to uphold the South's honor by presenting the Confederate defeat in the most favorable light. It downplays or completely ignores slavery as the cause of the war and nostalgically celebrates an antebellum South of supposedly benevolent slave owners and content enslaved people. It also attributes the loss to the overwhelming advantage that the Union had over them in terms of manpower and resources. It became the philosophical basis for the racial terrorism and violence used to overturn Reconstruction and reinstate white supremacy during Jim Crow. Although it cost African Americans their civil rights, its acceptance in both the North and the South made it easier to reunite the nation after the war. A struggle to remember all major wars and their aftermaths is necessary. The emotional, physical, and logistical challenges of mourning, recovery, and even survival are frequently left behind by war. The harvest of war always includes great loss. It can be seen in a plethora of modern cemeteries, monuments of all kinds, and less obvious ideologies that emerge in disputes over how to interpret and explain the meanings of war.

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In England in the 18th century, the notion that members of parliament should be guided by their sense of the general good regardless of the district they represented was known as "Country Ideology" or "Country Party".

This idea emerged as a response to the "Court Party" which represented the interests of the monarchy and the aristocracy, and was seen as corrupt and self-serving. The Country Party believed that the interests of the nation as a whole should take precedence over the narrow interests of individual districts, and that parliament should be composed of independent and impartial representatives who put the good of the country above their own personal gain. This ideology was reflected in the works of political philosophers such as Edmund Burke and Richard Price, who advocated for a more virtuous and public-minded parliament.

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Answer: The death of Julius Caesar ultimately had the opposite impact of what his assassins hoped. Much of the Roman public hated the senators for the assassination, and a series of civil wars ensued. In the end, Caesar's grandnephew and adoptive son Octavian emerged as Rome's leader. He renamed himself Augustus Caesar.

Answer:

Explanation:

The death of Julius Caesar had a significant impact on the leadership and politics of Rome. Caesar was a powerful and influential leader who had been appointed dictator for life, and his death caused a power vacuum in Rome.

Caesar's death was followed by a struggle for power among his supporters and opponents. Caesar's closest friend and ally, Mark Antony, took control of the government and the army, but was later defeated by Caesar's legal heir, Octavian, in a civil war. Octavian emerged as the sole ruler of Rome and took the name Augustus, becoming the first Roman emperor.

The death of Caesar also marked the end of the Roman Republic and the beginning of the Roman Empire. Caesar's dictatorship and his efforts to centralize power and reduce the power of the Roman Senate and other oligarchic institutions had already begun to erode the republican system of government. Augustus was able to establish a monarchy, which lasted for several centuries.

Additionally, the death of Julius Caesar led to the end of the Roman Republic, which was a period of Roman history marked by government headed by elected magistrates, and began the Roman Empire, which was a period of Roman history characterized by an autocratic government headed by a single ruler with the title of Emperor.

Answer:Her life also substantiates that a woman can be a scholar, exert influence over men and women and provide them with inspiration and leadership. The example of Aishah in promoting education, particularly education of women in the laws and teachings of Islam, is a hallmark in female education in Islam.

Explanation:

The birth of social science was significantly influenced by the Enlightenment.

The Enlightenment, also known as the Age of Enlightenment, was a major intellectual and philosophical trend that dominated Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries, having an impact that was felt around the world.

The ideas of the Enlightenment were diverse, with a focus on the importance of human happiness, the pursuit of knowledge derived from reason and the evidence of the senses, and ideals like natural law, liberty, advancement, toleration, fraternities and sororities, constitutional government, and separation of church and state.

Francis Bacon, John Locke, and other thinkers contributed to the Scientific Revolution, which came before the Enlightenment.

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The communist, victory over the nationalists gained control of mainland China and established the People's Republic of China in 1949, forcing the leadership of the Republic of China to retreat to the island of Taiwan.

The term leader is someone who inspires passion and motivation in followers. A leader is someone with a vision and the path to realizing as we see there are different types of leaders who are there as we see in the organization the team leaders are there in it as we see in the politics they are different from it. There are different kinds of leaders who are being there. And they can easily lead the group as well.

As a result of the victory, over the Nationalists in the Chinese, the civil war was a better outcome for the Chinese people than if the nationalists had won. and established the People's Republic of China in 1949

Therefore, By the communist victory over, The Nationalist's control of the mainland was there in it.

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The Royalists, who backed King Charles I, fought the Parliamentarians, who favored parliament. From 1642 until 1651, the conflict ended in Charles I's death and Oliver Cromwell's Commonwealth.

Generally, The English Civil War was a series of conflicts between the Royalists, who supported King Charles I, and the Parliamentarians, who supported the authority of the parliament. The war lasted from 1642 to 1651, and ultimately resulted in the execution of Charles I and the establishment of the Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell.

The Glorious Revolution, also known as the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II by a union of English politicians, led by the Whigs, and a Dutch-born Protestant, William of Orange. The revolution established the principle that the monarchy was subject to the will of Parliament, and it is considered to be one of the key events in the development of constitutional monarchy in England.

Population growth and urbanization in Europe were closely linked during the period of the English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution. The period saw a significant increase in population across Europe, as improvements in agriculture and medicine led to higher birth rates and lower death rates. This population growth led to an increase in the number of people living in towns and cities, as people moved from the countryside in search of work and better living conditions. Urbanization also led to the development of new industries, such as textiles and manufacturing, which in turn led to further population growth and urbanization.

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There was more continuity or change in Russia from Ivan 3rd to Peter the Great.

The military triumphs of Russia, as well as the rise in income and production, were significantly influenced by reform achievements. More crucially, Peter established a state that consolidated and further legitimized authoritarian leadership in Russia. The numerous government organizations that can be traced back to Peter's administration in the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation are testaments to this influence's enduring power.

He worked to modernize Russia and build it into an empire that could compete with anything in Europe during his rule. He shifted the capital and strengthened his power by wresting it from the noble class. He also introduced a number of reforms to make Russia more like to European states.

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