Let's say you invested in WXYZ Corp. beginning in 2018, and that the firm's return was 3\% in 2018, 9\% in 2019, -11\% in 2020, 21\% in 2021, Then what is the variance of the returns? A> 13.30% B> 6.54% C> 1.77% D> 3.12%

Incremental models of development are based on the assumption that change occurs as a continuous process.

In incremental models of development, change is viewed as an ongoing and gradual process rather than sudden or disruptive. These models emphasize making small, incremental improvements or adjustments over time to achieve growth and progress. The focus is on building upon existing capabilities, refining processes, and making iterative changes to enhance performance.

Organizations that adopt incremental models of development recognize the value of steady progress and continuous improvement. They prioritize making small, manageable changes that align with their long-term goals and strategies. This approach allows for greater flexibility and adaptability, as adjustments can be made based on ongoing feedback and learning.

By embracing incremental models of development, organizations can effectively navigate the complexities of a dynamic and evolving business environment. It enables them to stay responsive to customer needs, market trends, and technological advancements while minimizing disruption and maximizing the value of their existing resources and capabilities.

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In the study of finance, two theories, namely Hasbrouck's information share model and Gonzalo and Granger's permanent and transitory component model, are employed to help explain price movements in financial markets. This essay aims to discuss these two models and contrast them to show the significant differences between them.

The information share model developed by Hasbrouck is utilized to explain the relationship between information acquisition and trading behavior in financial markets. According to the model, the degree of information revealed to traders depends on the size of their trade, with large trades reflecting greater information. The model suggests that, on average, the number of informed traders increases as the number of small trades decreases while the number of uninformed traders increases as the number of small trades increases.

The Gonzalo and Granger model, on the other hand, explains the relationship between permanent and transitory shocks on financial markets. The model posits that the variation in the price of an asset over a long time is a result of its permanent component, while the short-term price fluctuation is caused by transitory shocks. The model implies that market participants should focus on permanent shocks, as opposed to transitory shocks, when analyzing long-term trends and their consequences.

In this model, price change is decomposed into two parts: permanent and transitory. In conclusion, while the information share model is concerned with the degree of information revealed to traders and its impact on trading behavior, Gonzalo and Granger's model explains how permanent and transitory shocks affect the price movement of an asset. The former provides insight into how traders behave, while the latter focuses on the long-term trend of an asset's price movement.

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Balance Sheet (in dollars)Assets Current assets Cash $5,400Accounts receivable $9,000 Inventory $7,200Prepaid expenses $1,800Total current assets $23,400Fixed assets Building $50,000Less:

= Current Assets - Current Liabilities We have, Current assets

= $23,400Current liabilities

= $16,700Therefore,Working Capital

= $23,400 - $16,700

= $6,700b)Ratio

= Current Assets / Current Liabilities We have, Current assets

= $23,400Current liabilities

= $16,700Therefore,Current Ratio

= $23,400 / $16,700

= 1.4c) Calculation of Quick Ratio Quick Ratio

= (Current Assets - Inventory) / Current Liabilities We have, Current assets

= $23,400Inventory

= $7,200Current liabilities

= $16,700Therefore,Quick Ratio

= ($23,400 - $7,200) / $16,700

= $16,200 / $16,700≈ 0.97

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Negotiation is an essential business skill that ensures that parties agree on a mutually beneficial agreement.

Here are some suggestions for Appliances of Colombia to conduct a successful negotiation:First, the Colombian appliance company should research the Mexican call center company and gain insights on their industry and business practices.

This information can be used to strengthen the company's position in the negotiation process. The company should also learn about the market rates of the call center services and identify the bargaining power it has during the negotiation process.

Second, the Colombian appliance company should evaluate the technical and professional expertise of the subcontractor.

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The true statement about Sea the World Cruises' $1,000 bound price is that it is an advertisement for luring customers to book a trip and there are additional fees that need to be paid on top of the $1,000 fee.

The advertisement fails to mention other fees such as port fees, taxes, and onboard expenses, which could significantly increase the cost of the trip.

While the $1,000 fee may seem like a great deal, customers should be aware of the additional costs before making a decision.The $1,000 price does not include government taxes and port charges, which could add up to hundreds of dollars.

Also, the $1,000 price only applies to a limited number of cabins and does not include airfare or other transportation costs. Therefore, it is important to read the fine print and understand all the costs associated with the trip before making a booking decision.

Sea the World Cruises is trying to attract customers by advertising a $1,000 price, but it is important to be aware of the additional fees that need to be paid. Customers should do their research and compare prices before making a decision.

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The following will be the solution to the problem at hand:

i) First of all, let's calculate the yearly depreciation of the computer-based order entry system using the formula:

Yearly Depreciation = (Initial cost - Salvage value)

/ Useful life Yearly Depreciation = (520,000 - 56,000)

/ 5 = 96,800

ii) Next, we calculate the yearly cash flow for this project:

Yearly cash flow = 150,000 - Yearly Depreciation - Tax savings- Working capital reduction Yearly cash flow

= 150,000 - 96,800 - (0.22 × (150,000 - 96,800) - 81,000

Yearly cash flow = 30,692.00

iii) Now, we calculate the total PV of the project.

Total PV = - 520,000 (initial cost)+ Σ (Yearly cash flow / (1 + 0.1) ^ n)

where n = 1,2,3,4,5,6

Total PV = -520,000 + (30,692.00 / 1.1) + (30,692.00 / 1.1 ^ 2) + (30,692.00 / 1.1 ^ 3)+ (30,692.00 / 1.1 ^ 4) + (86,692.00 / 1.1 ^ 5)

Total PV = 3,098.24

The NPV of the project is 3,098.24.

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Sales Case Study Video Presentation (Individual) Sales presentations are an important part of the sales process and help businesses "win the business" over their competition as quickly as possible. A well-planned and executed sales presentation can help a business sell their products or services effectively.

In this sales case study video presentation assignment, you will be required to demonstrate your ability to utilize and implement the hospitality sales processes in relation to the marketing mix. You will choose one of the listed scenarios and present your sales strategy via a video recording according to the ten steps of the sales process.

Your video presentation should be 15 minutes maximum and you should submit it in any supported video format such as mp4 or avi. You should also include a script that outlines and details each step of the sales process as it relates to your chosen scenario.

This script should supplement your presentation for the criteria listed in the rubric. The 10 steps of the sales process are: 1. Prospect 2. Pre-approach 3. Approach 4. Presentation 5. TrialClose#1 6. Objections 7. Meet Objections 8. Trial Close #2 9. Close 10.

Follow-up In your presentation, you should describe the value, purpose, and process of each step. You should also explain what you do for your chosen scenario and make it specific to your own plan. Remember to create a plan with facts, rationale, and explaining "why" to set you up to receive maximum potential marks.

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1. When the patent expires, the prices of generic drugs are significantly cheaper because the market is open to other companies to produce and sell generics, alternative versions of the drug.

On average, a generic drug costs about 15% of the price of the equivalent patent-protected drug, which leads to the price of the patented drug to lose up to 90% of its market share.

2. Pharmaceutical companies often attempt to extend a patent period for a specific good for the reason that when the patent expires, the market is open for other companies to produce and sell generics, alternative versions of the drug, and the price drops dramatically.

It leads to the patent-holder continues to charge high prices, the generic drug maker gets a lucrative payment, and the consumer suffers. The other strategies pharmaceutical companies have employed to delay competition include multiple patents, lawsuits against generic competitors, and exclusive distribution arrangements with distributors.

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KFC in Japan altered the sweetness of its coleslaw to appeal to Japanese tastes. This is an example of product customization, which is a type of global marketing product and promotion strategy.

Product customization is a strategy in which a business changes its products or services to satisfy the demands of various customers. Customers in various regions may have distinct tastes, preferences, and cultural norms, therefore businesses must adapt their products and services to meet those needs.

A business must also adapt its marketing and advertising approach to the local market when it modifies a product or service to meet local preferences. This is known as localization, and it includes making adjustments to packaging, product names, slogans, and other marketing communications.When KFC in Japan altered the sweetness of its coleslaw to appeal to Japanese tastes.

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A concept that helps to promote effective and efficient teamwork and reduce the likelihood of errors is called Crew resource management.The correct answer is option B.

Crew resource management (CRM) is a concept that helps promote effective and efficient teamwork while reducing the likelihood of errors. It originated in the aviation industry and has since been adopted in various other fields, such as healthcare and emergency response.

CRM emphasizes the importance of effective communication, coordination, and decision-making within a team. It recognizes that errors often occur due to breakdowns in teamwork rather than individual incompetence.

By implementing CRM principles, teams can improve their ability to work together, solve problems, and make decisions collectively.

Key components of CRM include clear communication, assertiveness, mutual respect, shared situational awareness, and the ability to effectively manage workload and prioritize tasks.

It also encourages open and honest debriefings following team activities to identify areas for improvement and learn from mistakes.

By promoting a culture of teamwork and collaboration, CRM helps to create an environment where individuals feel empowered to speak up, contribute their expertise, and address potential errors before they lead to adverse outcomes.

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The correct answer is option 2:Short XYZ, Long Inflation, Long IR, Buy Risk-Free, where the investor shorts Portfolio XYZ and goes long on the Inflation factor portfolio and long on the IR factor portfolio. The investor can borrow at the risk-free rate to finance this position.

By doing this, the investor can take advantage of the difference in expected returns to generate risk-free profits.

Portfolio XYZ
Inflation-Factor loading of 0.5, Risk premium of 8%
IR-Factor loading of -1.5, Risk premium of 2%
Risk-free rate = 3%
Expected / average return of the Portfolio XYZ to be 3.5%

Arbitrage strategy can be calculated as follows:

Portfolio XYZ expected return = Risk-free rate + Beta 1 * (Inflation Risk Premium) + Beta 2 * (IR Risk Premium) + Error,

where Beta 1 is the loading of the inflation factor and Beta 2 is the loading of the IR factor. Error is the unpredictable portion of the return.For Portfolio XYZ, the expected return can be calculated as follows:

3.5% = 3% + 0.5 * 8% + (-1.5) * 2% + Error

3.5% = 3% + 4% - 3% + Error

3.5% = 4% + Error

Error = -0.5%

Since the expected return on the Portfolio XYZ is 3.5% but the calculated expected return is only 3%, this difference in expected returns leads to an arbitrage opportunity. If the expected return was lower than 3%, the arbitrage strategy would involve a short position. If the expected return was higher than 3%, the arbitrage strategy would involve a long position.

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The condition that is likely to result in employees being excluded from internal placement decisions based on the appraisal process is: C) Widespread poor performance.

When the appraisal process indicates widespread poor performance among employees, it is natural for organizations to consider excluding those employees from internal placement decisions. This is because internal placements are typically intended to provide growth opportunities and advancements to employees who have demonstrated competence and excellence in their current roles.

Internal placement decisions are based on the premise that employees possess the necessary skills, abilities, and performance to succeed in higher-level positions or different roles within the organization.

A labor supply shortage (A) would typically result in a need to retain and utilize existing employees to fill key positions rather than excluding them. The workforce displaying low levels of literacy (B) may require training and development initiatives to address the issue, but it does not necessarily exclude employees from internal placement decisions outright.

The presence of unethical business practices (D) would likely result in disciplinary action or other consequences, but it may not directly impact internal placement decisions unless specific performance issues or violations are identified.

An undersupply of employees categorized as "solid professionals" (E) would typically warrant efforts to recruit and retain such individuals, rather than excluding them from internal placement decisions.

Option C

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The question provides us with the ending inventory, cost of goods sold, and cost of goods purchased. Therefore, we can use the formula to calculate the beginning inventory.

The formula is: Beginning inventory + Cost of goods purchased - Cost of goods sold = Ending inventory Substitute the values given in the question:Beginning inventory + $22,000 - $33,000 = $12,000 Beginning inventory - $11,000 = $12,000 Beginning inventory = $12,000 + $11,000 Beginning inventory = $23,000.

Therefore, the correct answer is option c) $23,000.

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The following balances were extracted from the books of Top Watch Sdn Bhd for the year ended 31 December (2021):

Additional information:

Closing inventory at 31 December (20.1) was valued at RM37,700.

Depreciation is to be provided as follows: Buildings - 3% per annum on cost

Furniture and fittings - 10% per annum on reducing balance basis Motor vehicles - 25% per annum on reducing balance basis Required:

Prepare a trading, profit and loss account for the year ended 31 December 2021.2. Prepare a balance sheet as at 31 December 2021. Trading, Profit and Loss Account for the year ended 31 December 2021 Particulars RM RM Sales110,800

Less: Cost of goods sold Opening inventory (1 Jan 2021)21,300

Add: Purchases82,400 Carriage inwards4,200 Less: Closing inventory (31 Dec 2021)(37,700) (70,200) Gross profit40,600 Less: Expenses Depreciation Buildings(6,000)

Furniture and fittings [10% of (18,600 + 7,400)](2,260) Motor vehicles [25% of (30,000 + 12,000)](10,500) Salaries and wages23,600 Rent and rates7,400

Electricity2,100 Insurance3,200 Printing and stationery 900

Miscellaneous1,800 Bank charges420 Audit fees3,000 (60,180) Net loss(19,580) Balance Sheet as at 31 December 2021

Particulars Note Amount RM Amount RM Fixed assets CostBuildings1Furniture and fittings1Motor vehicles1Less: Accumulated depreciation Buildings Furniture and fittings Motor vehicles(74,000)(18,600)(30,000)(22,800)(5,100)(15,000)

Net book value25,100Current assetsStock2Debtors3Bank balance4 Cash at bank and in hand3,70021,8005,6003,700Total assets30,300Current liabilities Creditors and accruals5Taxation6(2,400)(5,100)

Net current assets23,800Financed by: Capital and reserves Opening capital Add: Net loss(29,200)19,580(9,620)

Long-term liabilities Loan from Bank Rakyat7(15,000)

Total financed by29,200

Notes:1. Fixed assets Buildings RM Furniture and fittings RM Motor vehicles RM Cost 85,000 28,000 48,000

Less: Accumulated depreciation 11,000 7,600 18,000 Net book value 74,000 20,400 30,000

Depreciation Buildings = 3% x RM85,000 = RM2,550 Furniture and fittings = 10% of (RM28,000 + RM10,000) = RM3,800 Motor vehicles = 25% of (RM48,000 + RM24,000) = RM18,7502.

Closing inventoryRM37,7003. Debtors

RM Sales on credit125,000 Less: Cash sales14,200 110,800

Less: Bad debts1,200 109,6004. Bank balanceRM Loan repayment15,000

Add: Profit for the year19,580

Less: Drawings(30,000) 5,160 10,7605.

Creditors and accruals RM Creditors3,800 Accruals600 4,4006. Taxation RM RM Tax expense (see note 2)3,800

Less: Tax paid1,700 Tax payable2,1007. Loan from Bank Rakyat RM The loan was used to purchase motor vehicles.

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Scenario A Weighted-average expenditures that qualify for capitalization during 2022

=$8,700,000+($4,000,000x8/12)+($5,300,000x1/12)

=$14,800,000

Interest to be capitalized during 2022:=$6,000,000x3%+$7,000,000x4%

=$300,000+$280,000

=$580,000

Amount of interest expense that would be recognized on the 2022 income statement=($6,000,000x3%+$7,000,000x4%)-$580,000

=$320,000

Scenario B

Interest to be capitalized during 2022:

=$1,000,000x3%+$7,000,000x4%

=$30,000+$280,000

=$310,000

Amount of interest expense that would be recognized on the 2022 income statement=($1,000,000x3%+$7,000,000x4%)-$310,000

=$310,000+($28,000)

=$338,000

Therefore, the amount of weighted-average expenditures that qualify for capitalization during 2022 is $14,800,000, the amount of interest that would be capitalized during 2022 is $580,000 for scenario A, $310,000 for scenario B, and the amount of interest expense that would be recognized on the 2022 income statement is $320,000 for scenario A, $338,000 for scenario B.

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The equilibrium price is $50. Each firm produces 20 units, and the total quantity produced is 40 units.

Cournot duopolists face a market demand curve given by P = 90 - Q, where Q is the total market demand in units. Each firm can produce output at a constant marginal cost of $30/unit. Therefore, what is the equilibrium price and quantity produced by each firm? Solution:

The Cournot model, also known as the Cournot oligopoly or Cournot competition, is an economic model utilized in microeconomics that analyzes an industry structure in which firms generate products and contend in output quantity instead of price. In other words, the Cournot model predicts the economic interactions that arise when firms in an oligopoly market utilize strategic decision-making to set production quantities.

The two primary assumptions underlying the Cournot model are that each firm's output decisions affect market demand and that firms are "quantity setters." The Cournot model, which is widely used in microeconomic theory, posits that companies will set production quantities and compete on price. As a result, the equilibrium is a production level for each firm that results in a combined product that is equal to market demand minus the competitor's product.

As a result, in the above-mentioned scenario, two firms are producing an identical product. Let Q_1 and Q_2 be the quantities produced by the first and second firms, respectively. As a result, the total quantity supplied will be Q = Q_1 + Q_2. When these firms have an equal marginal cost of production, it is assumed that they act independently to maximize their profits.

The equation for total market demand is P = 90 - Q. When the price is represented as a function of the quantity produced by the two firms, it becomes P(Q) = 90 - (Q_1 + Q_2). The marginal revenue is obtained by calculating the derivative of total revenue with respect to Q_1, which gives the following: MR = (dTR/dQ_1) = (90 - Q) - (dQ_2/dQ_1) (90 - Q).

This indicates the change in revenue for the first company when it alters its production by one unit. It is assumed that Q_2 is a fixed quantity and that Q_1 is the only quantity that the first company can adjust to maximize its profits. The marginal cost (MC) is given by MC = $30. The first company's profit function can be expressed as follows:π_1 = TR_1 - TC_1, where TR_1 = P(Q_1 + Q_2)Q_1 and TC_1 = MCQ_1.The first firm's profit-maximizing quantity is obtained by setting its marginal revenue equal to its marginal cost.

This yields the following equation:MR = MC90 - Q_1 - Q_2 = 30Q_1 = (60 - Q_2)/2.The second firm is assumed to act in a similar way, maximizing its profit by selecting its output level Q_2. The first firm's production is fixed, and the second firm's production is determined using the same logic.

Therefore, the second firm's profit-maximizing quantity is obtained by setting its marginal revenue equal to its marginal cost. This yields the following equation:MR = MC90 - Q_2 - Q_1 = 30Q_2 = (60 - Q_1)/2.Substituting the expression for Q_1 into the above equation, we have: Q_2 = (60 - (60 - Q_2)/2)/2Solving for Q_2, we get:Q_2 = 20.

Substituting this value of Q_2 into the equation for Q_1, we get Q_1 = 20.

Therefore, the total quantity supplied is Q = 40. The equilibrium price is obtained by substituting this quantity into the demand function:P = 90 - QP = 90 - 40 = 50.

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a) For a $1.90 budget, it is possible to purchase: $1.90 x 100 cents / $1 = 190 cents. If rice is being bought with this budget and the price of rice is 0.2 cents per calorie, then the maximum number of calories that can be purchased is:

190 cents ÷ 0.2 cents per calorie = 950 calories.b) When eating the equivalent of 10 calories of fish per day, the caloric requirement that needs to be met is: 1,200 - 10 = 1,190 calories.Using the budget of $1.90 with the price of rice at 0.2 cents per calorie, the maximum amount of calories one can purchase is: 190 cents ÷ 0.2 cents per calorie = 950 calories.

Since the caloric requirement is 1,190 calories and 10 calories is already being consumed from fish, the total amount of calories needed from rice is: 1,190 - 10 = 1,180 calories.

Using the price of rice at 0.2 cents per calorie and the total amount of calories needed from rice at 1,180 calories, the cost of rice is: 1,180 calories x 0.2 cents per calorie = 236 cents. The total amount of cents left from the budget of $1.90 after buying the rice is: 190 cents - 236 cents = -46 cents. This means the budget is not sufficient to purchase the amount of rice needed for the daily caloric requirement. Thus, it is not possible to calculate the total caloric intake per day.

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The option (a) liquidity is the correct answer. Given that most current liabilities will be settled with cash, it is important to identify and record these liabilities separately because it helps users to assess liquidity. The statement is true. Current liabilities are liabilities that must be repaid within one year or less and are settled with cash.

A company's current liabilities have a significant impact on its liquidity and ability to meet its financial obligations promptly. Liquidity is the measure of a company's ability to meet its current financial obligations as they fall due. If a company fails to meet its current liabilities promptly, it may have difficulty operating efficiently, making necessary purchases, and paying its suppliers, employees, and other obligations. As a result, assessing a company's liquidity position is critical for users of financial statements to know whether a company can meet its current liabilities without resorting to extraordinary measures. This is why it is important to identify and record these liabilities separately in financial statements so that users can quickly and accurately assess a company's liquidity position. Thus, option (a) liquidity is the correct answer.

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Local law in Canada governs business licensing, zoning, health and safety, employment, and taxation, crucial for legal operation and compliance.

The local law in Canada plays a crucial role in the ability to open a business in a specific location. Here are five key points highlighting the role of local law:

1. Business Licensing: Local law governs the process of obtaining the necessary licenses and permits required to operate a business legally. Compliance with local licensing regulations is essential to avoid penalties and ensure legitimacy.

2.Zoaning and Land Use: Local law determines the permitted land uses and zoning restrictions in a specific area. It is important to understand the zoning regulations to ensure the business aligns with the designated land use and is located in an appropriate zone.

3. Health and Safety Regulations: Local laws establish health and safety standards that businesses must adhere to. These regulations cover various aspects, such as workplace safety, hygiene, food handling, and environmental protection.

4. Employment Laws: Local labor laws dictate the rights and obligations of employers and employees, including minimum wage, working hours, overtime, and employment contracts. Compliance with these laws is crucial to maintain a fair and lawful working environment.

5. Taxation and Financial Regulations: Local laws govern taxation requirements, such as income tax, sales tax, and payroll taxes. Understanding and adhering to the local tax laws is essential for proper financial management and compliance with reporting obligations.

Overall, local laws provide the legal framework within which businesses operate in Canada, ensuring compliance with various regulations related to licensing, land use, health and safety, employment, and taxation. It is crucial for entrepreneurs to familiarize themselves with the local laws to successfully establish and operate their businesses.

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There are 3 categories of suppliers. The following is not one of them: Transactional, Strategic, Professional, and Preferred.

Correct Answer: Transactional

Transactional, strategic, professional, and preferred are the four categories of suppliers that are commonly used in procurement to segment suppliers based on their importance and impact on the organization's business.

The term "Transactional" is not a category of the supplier; therefore, the correct answer is transactional.

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The Surf's Up issues 1,000 shares of 6%,$100 par value preferred stock at the beginning of 2020. All remaining shares are common stock. The company was not able to pay dividends in 2020, but plans to pay dividends of $18.000 in 2021.

Assuming the preferred stock is cumulative. how much of the $18.000 dividend will be paid to preferred stockholders and how much will be paid to common stockholders in 2021?

Given, The Surf's Up issues 1,000 shares of 6%,$100 par value preferred stock at the beginning of 2020. All remaining shares are common stock. The company was not able to pay dividends in 2020, but plans to pay dividends of $18.000 in 2021. Assuming the preferred stock is cumulative.

To calculate the amount of dividend paid to preferred stockholders and common stockholders in 2021, we first need to find the dividend for preferred stockholders before the dividend for common stockholders is calculated.

As preferred stocks are cumulative, preferred stockholders receive unpaid dividends from previous years in addition to current year dividends.

Before the dividend for common stockholders is calculated, the preferred stockholders must receive the unpaid dividend from the previous year, which was not paid.

Dividend for preferred stockholders= (Number of preferred shares × Par value per share × Dividend rate) + (Amount of unpaid dividends)1000 × $100 × 6% + 0 = $6,000.

The dividend to be paid to preferred stockholders is $6,000.

Therefore, the amount of dividend to be paid to common stockholders is: $18,000 − $6,000 = $12,000.

Hence, preferred stockholders will be paid $6,000 and common stockholders will be paid $12,000.

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The correct answer is (d) on the income statement - operating expenses.Amazon company`s stock-based compensation can be found on its 10-k annual filing in the income statement - operating expenses.

An income statement is one of the essential financial statements that an organization prepares every year. It is a financial statement that presents a company's revenues, expenses, and net income for a specific period, usually a year or a quarter. The income statement starts with a company's revenue and then subtracts all of its expenses to determine its net income.

Stock-based compensation is an expense that is recognized in the income statement. Stock-based compensation is the practice of offering employee compensation in the form of shares of the company's stock. Companies offer stock-based compensation to employees as a way to incentivize them to work hard and align their interests with those of the company.Therefore, the correct answer is (d) on the income statement - operating expenses.

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Financial information capable of making a difference in a decision is relevant. The correct answer is a)

Financial information that is capable of making a difference in a decision is considered relevant. Relevant information is data or facts that have the potential to influence the outcome of a decision or affect the understanding of a particular situation. It is directly related to the decision at hand and provides insight or support for the decision-making process.

Relevant financial information is important because it helps decision-makers assess the potential consequences and benefits of different courses of action. It enables them to evaluate the financial implications of their decisions and make informed choices based on the available information.

Verifiability, consistency, and neutrality are also important characteristics of reliable financial information, but they do not specifically address the ability of information to make a difference in a decision. Verifiability refers to the ability to confirm or substantiate the accuracy of the information.

Consistency ensures that the information is presented in a uniform and comparable manner over time. Neutrality means that the information is unbiased and free from any subjective or personal influence.

While these characteristics contribute to the reliability and credibility of financial information, relevance is the key factor when it comes to its ability to impact decision-making. Relevant information provides decision-makers with the necessary data and insights to evaluate alternatives, assess risks and benefits, and ultimately make sound and informed decisions.

The correct answer is a)

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The direct labor efficiency variance is $26,000 unfavorable. Thus, option B is the correct option.

To calculate the direct labor efficiency variance, we need to compare the actual hours used with the standard hours allowed for the units produced.

Actual hours used: 41,000 hours

Standard hours for units produced: 43,000 hours

The formula to calculate the direct labor efficiency variance is:

Direct Labor Efficiency Variance = (Standard Hours - Actual Hours) * Standard Rate

Direct Labor Efficiency Variance = (43,000 - 41,000) * $13.00

Direct Labor Efficiency Variance = 2,000 * $13.00

Direct Labor Efficiency Variance = $26,000 unfavorable

Therefore, the direct labor efficiency variance is $26,000 unfavorable.

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Containers Plus should emphasize the production of the big bin because it has the higher contribution margin per unit as compared to small bins. The contribution margin of the big bin is $4.00 and the contribution margin of the small bin is $2.00. Thus, producing big bins will be more profitable for Containers Plus.

Containers Plus should produce 800 units of big bins and 600 units of small bins to maximize profits.

Containers Plus will have an operating income of $2,200 with this product mix.

Operating Income = (Contribution Margin per unit * Number of Units) - Fixed Costs

Operating Income = [(800 * $4) + (600 * $2)] - $4,200

Operating Income = $3,200 - $4,200

Operating Income = -$1,000

Thus, Containers Plus will have an operating loss of $1,000.

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In early 1985, Chese brough-Pond's Inc. began marketing the Aziza Polishing Pen in the Prince Matchbelli line of cosmetic products. This item closely resembled a marking pen, and it was used to apply nail polish with precision.

The polish was stored in the pen's barrel, which was twisted to dispense the product onto the brush. This new product revolutionized the way women applied nail polish by eliminating the need for bottles and brushes. Aziza Polishing Pen was an instant success and became a staple in the cosmetic industry.

Its convenience and portability made it ideal for women on the go. Its popularity inspired other companies to develop similar products, and today, nail polish pens are a common item in most cosmetic stores.

Although the Aziza Polishing Pen is no longer on the market, it has left a lasting impact on the cosmetic industry.

It has demonstrated that innovation and convenience are key factors in product development, and that a simple idea can revolutionize an entire industry.

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(a) Measure for the robustness of a schedule:The schedule's robustness can be measured by the amount of slack included in it. If there is a random perturbation, the schedule's slack allows for minor changes to be made while still being able to adhere to the deadline.

(b) Motivation for definition: Consider the example of a doctor's office, where appointments are scheduled in 15-minute intervals.

The doctor's work is expected to take 10-12 minutes, with the remaining 3-5 minutes serving as a buffer time. This buffer time ensures that if the previous appointment goes over or a patient arrives late, the doctor can still complete the appointment on time without delaying the rest of the day's appointments.

This increases the schedule's robustness, allowing for small random perturbations without disrupting the entire schedule. This will not only help in reducing stress levels but also makes the process more efficient.

In conclusion, the more slack that is included in a schedule, the more robust it is against random perturbations.

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Summary journal entry for the full year's payroll: Payroll Tax Expense Dr (Debit) To Wages Payable Cr (Credit)

To State Unemployment Tax Payable Cr (Credit)To Federal Unemployment Tax Payable Cr (Credit)

[tex]$474,000 * 6.2% = $29,388[/tex]

Calculation of unemployment taxes:$138,000 * 2.5%

= $3,450 (State unemployment tax payable)

$138,000 * 0.6%

= $828 (Federal unemployment tax payable)

Adjusting entry at December 31 to record the employer's payroll taxes: Social Security Tax Payable Dr (Debit) To Social Security Tax Expense Cr (Credit) ($29,388 * 50%)

Medicare Tax Payable Dr (Debit) To Medicare Tax Expense Cr (Credit) ($474,000 * 1.45%)

.State Unemployment Tax Payable Dr (Debit) To State Unemployment Tax Expense Cr (Credit) ($3,450 * 50%)

Federal Unemployment Tax Payable Dr (Debit) To Federal Unemployment Tax Expense Cr (Credit) ($828 * 50%)(c) Calculation of the required dollar data for the following employees:

Wages employee A = $56,000

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It is the manager's responsibility to "ensure" or "determine" the right amount of people and staff them in the best position for the company to be successful.

Managers play a crucial role in workforce management, which involves assessing staffing needs, recruiting and hiring suitable candidates, and allocating employees to positions that align with their skills and the company's objectives. By understanding the organization's goals, evaluating workload and resource requirements, and considering the capabilities and strengths of individuals, managers can make informed decisions regarding staffing. This includes determining the optimal number of employees needed to carry out tasks efficiently and effectively, as well as assigning individuals to positions that leverage their talents and expertise.

Moreover, managers are responsible for monitoring performance, providing training and development opportunities, and making adjustments to staffing levels or assignments as necessary to meet changing business needs. Through effective workforce management, managers contribute to the overall success of the company by ensuring the right people are in the right positions, leading to increased productivity, employee satisfaction, and organizational performance.

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The  situation described is an example of "task specialization" or "division of labor" in the context of assembly-line production.

Task specialization refers to dividing the production process into smaller, specific tasks performed by different workers. In the given scenario, flybolt is implementing an assembly-line production process where workers are assigned to perform designated tasks to build subcomponents of the product rather than the complete product. This division of labor allows for increased efficiency and productivity in the manufacturing process.

However, one downside of task specialization is that workers may become so focused on their individual tasks that they lose sight of the big picture or the overall goal of the production process. They may not fully understand how their specific task contributes to the final product. This can result in a lack of coordination and understanding of the entire production process.

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