lithium phosphate is mixed with calcium hydroxide in an aqueous solution. Assume a double displacement reaction

Organic Chemistry Laboratory Manual 7A and 7B V.4.1

The formula for percent error is the absolute value of the difference between the measured value and the actual value divided by the actual value multiplied by 100. The purpose of calculating percent error is to analyze how close the measured value is to the actual value. teeth. This is part of a comprehensive error analysis.

For most fields, the percentage error is always expressed as a positive number but for other fields, it is legal to have positive or negative values. Sampling error is calculated by dividing the standard deviation of the population by the square root of the sample size and multiplying the result by a z-score based on the confidence interval.

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The variable that gets manipulated is Aluminium.

Hot water has more energy than cold water so the sugar dissolves faster in hot water than in cold water. When water is heated, the molecules gain energy and move faster. Because they move faster, they come into contact with the sugar more often dissolving it faster. I can do it. Changing the amount of water will affect the plant growth rate values.

Therefore, we know that the amount of water is the independent variable and the plant growth rate is the dependent variable. The energy from the hydrothermal molecules makes the solid more soluble. In hot water, molecules move more so there are more collisions between water molecules and solids.

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When 0.1 mol of PCls (g) is heated at 78.5°C in a 1.00 L container, the pressure at equilibrium is 3.50 x 10⁵ Nm² so the degree of dissociation of PCIs is 60%

Dissociation is the breaking up of a compound into simpler constituents that are usually capable of recombining under other conditions.

Here given data is

Temprature = 78.5 °C

Pressure = 3.50 x 10⁵ Nm²

We have to calculate the degree of dissociation of PCI₅ = ?

Then the equation of dissociation of PCl₅ when heated is given below

PCl₅ → PCl₃ + Cl₂

Based on the equation of the dissociation of PCl₅ the 1 mole of PCl₅ decompose to give 1 mole of PCl₃ gas and 1 mole of Cl₂ gas

Hence 1 mole of  PCl₅ dissociates to give 2 mole of gas

So 0.1 mole of PCl₅ will dissociate to give 0.1×2moles of gas = 0.2 moles of gas

At STP the pressure of 0.2 mole of gas is calculated as follow

PV = nRT

Where P = pressure = ?

V = 1.00 L

n = number of moles = 0.2

R = molar gas constant = 0.082 L atm/kmol

T = temprature = (273 + 78.5)K

P = nRT

P = 0.2×0.082×351.5/1

P = 5.76 atm or 5.84×10⁵N/m²

Percentage dissociation of PCl₅ = (3.50×10⁵/5.84×10⁵)×100%

Percentage dissociation of PCl₅ = 60%

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Due to comparable differences in electronegativity of different elements, partial positive and negative charges developed, hence polarity designated in a molecule.

The terms "polar" and "nonpolar" normally seek advice from covalent bonds. To determine the polarity of a covalent bond the usage of a numerical manner, find the distinction among the electronegativity of the atoms; if the end result is between 0.4 and 1.7, then, generally, the bond is polar covalent.

When the atoms linked by way of a covalent bond are distinct, the bonding electrons are shared, however now not similar. rather, the bonding electrons are extra attracted to at least one atom than the alternative, giving upward thrust to a shift of electron density closer to that atom.

This unequal distribution of electrons is referred to as a polar covalent bond, characterized by means of a partial nice fee on one atom and a partial negative price on the other. The atom that attracts the electrons extra strongly acquires the partial poor fee and vice versa.

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The new volume (in L) is 12.2 L

Information given:

Volume 1 = 15.0 L

Temperature 1 = 298 K ---------> Temperature 2 = 383 K

Pressure 1 = 3.36 Atm -----------> Pressure 2 = 5.308 Atm

Information they're asking: New Volume 2?

Substituting it with numbers (Yay! we were provided Kelvins, that's always a plus), we get;

3.36 Atm * 15.0 L * 383 K = V2  = 12.2 L

298 K * 5.308 Atm

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The spectroscope has changed the way scientists looked for elements in that it allows for the identification of elements from compounds without a need to decompose the compounds.

A spectroscope also known as a spectrometer is an instrument that produces and analyzes the spectra or absorption lines using visible light.

The spectrometer measures and interprets the electromagnetic spectra that result from the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter.

These measurements are obtained or determined from the wavelength or frequency of the radiation.

A spectroscope is used to analyze and study the elemental components of compounds without having to decompose the compounds into elemental substances.

Thus, spectroscopes have proved to be useful in the study of the properties of elements in compounds.

Compounds are formed when two or more elements are combined together.

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Specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius of one gram of a substance. Therefore,  the change in enthalpy will be negative.

Enthalpy term is basically used in thermodynamics to show the overall energy that a matter have. Mathematically, Enthalpy is directly proportional to specific heat capacity of a substances.

Mathematically,

Enthalpy=mass of solution× specific heat capacity of solution ×Change in temperature.

Any reaction which is spontaneous, then the enthalpy related to this type of reaction is always negative that is reaction is always exothermic.

Therefore,  the change in enthalpy will be negative.

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A high K value (higher than 1) denotes an equilibrium with more products than reactants, whereas a low K value (less than 1) denotes an equilibrium with more reactants than products.

The equilibrium constant's value reveals whether a reaction is beneficial or unfavorable. Favorable reactions have a Keq value greater than 1, which indicates that energy is liberated throughout the reaction and that the reactants have a higher energy than the products. A spontaneous cell response changes free energy in the negative. The equilibrium constant for these reactions is significantly greater than 1. For these reactions, the value of the standard cell potential is positive.

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The evolution of hydrogen gas occurs when a piece of sodium metal is dropped into a calorimeter containing water because sodium loses electrons and is oxidized, whereas water is reduced.

Hydrogen gas is created when sodium metal reacts with water, and sodium hydroxide is also created. In this way, one electron is removed from the metal (Na), and an electron is added, turning water into hydrogen gas.

A calorimeter is a device that is used in calorimetry, which is the process of calculating the heat produced by chemical reactions, physical changes, and heat capacity. Among the most popular kinds are titration calorimeters, isothermal micro calorimeters, accelerated rate calorimeters, and differential scanning calorimeters.

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Based on the pressure of the gas in the 1.00 L container, the percentage dissociation of PCl₅ is 60%.

The equation of the dissociation of PCl₅ when heated is given below:

PCl₅ (s) ---> PCl₃ (g) + Cl₂ (g)

Based on the equation of the dissociation of PCl₅, 1 mole of PCl₅ decomposes to give 1 mole of PCl₃ gas and 1 mole of Cl₂ gas.

Hence, 1 mole of PCl₅ dissociates to give 2 moles of gas.

0.1 mole of PCl₅ will dissociate to give 0.1 * 2 moles of gas = 0.2 moles of gas.

At STP, the pressure of 0.2 moles of gas is calculated as follows:

PV = nRT

where;

P = nRT / V

P = 0.2 * 0.082 * 351.5/ 1

P = 5.76 atm or 5.84 * 10⁵ N/m²

Percentage dissociation of PCl₅ = (3.50  * 10⁵/5.84 * 10⁵) * 100%

Percentage dissociation of PCl₅ = 60%

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Answer:

mitochondria

Explanation:

mitochondria is an organelles that is used in cellular respiration and makesbenetgy

The solution's freezing point is 1.65°C.

The freezing point depression formula is: Adding a solute to the original solvent causes the freezing point to decrease.

ΔT = kf×m×i

Where m is the molality of the solution (Moles CaBr2 -solute- / kg water -solvent), Kf is the freezing point depression constant of the solvent (1.86°C/m), and I is the Van't Hoff factor.

Molality of the solution is:

moles CaBr₂ = 193.9g ₓ (1mol / 199.89g) = 0.97 moles

Molality is:

0.97 moles CaBr₂ / 3.27kg water = 0.296m

For CaBr2, the van't hoff factor indicates how many moles of solute are generated following the dissolution of one mole of solid solute:

CaBr₂(s) → Ca²⁺ + 2Br⁻

1 mole of solid solute yields 3 moles of ions, and the Van't Hoff factor is 3.

ΔT = kf×m×i

ΔT = 1.86°C/m×0.296m×3

ΔT = 1.651

Water loses 1.65°C of its freezing point. Water's 0°C freezing point means that

The solution's freezing point is 1.65°C.

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Answer:

Explanation:

When looking at the periodic table, the period (row) corresponds to the number of shells or PEL (principled energy level).

Hydrogen is in the first period and thus has one shell.

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Answer:  The correct answer (based on the ratio provided) is the mass of H₂ produced equals 3.51 g of H₂

Explanation:

The equation of the reaction:

2AI + 6HCI → 2AICI₃ + 3H₂

Based on the equation 2 * 27g of Al will produce 3 * 2g of H₂

As a result, 32.25g of Al will produce: 6/55 * 32.25g of H₂

The mass of H₂ produced is therefore 3.51g of H₂

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Answer:

1.95 atm or 197 kPa*

Explanation:

To find the new pressure, you need to use the Combined Gas Law:

[tex]\frac{P_1V_1}{T_1}=\frac{P_2V_2}{T_2}[/tex]

In this equation, "P₁", "V₁", and "T₁" represent the initial pressure, volume, and temperature. "P₂", "V₂", and "T₂" represent the new pressure, volume, and temperature. Before using the equation, you need to:

(1) convert the pressure from kPa to atm (101.3 kPa = 1 atm)

(2) convert the temperatures from Celsius to Kelvin (°C + 273 = K)

You can then plug these values into the equation and solve for "P₂".

P₁ = 106 kPa / 101.3 = 1.05 atm                  P₂ = ? atm

V₁ = 6.5 L                                                     V₂ = 3.6 L

T₁ = 19°C + 273 = 292 K                              T₂ = 27°C + 273 = 300 K

[tex]\frac{P_1V_1}{T_1}=\frac{P_2V_2}{T_2}[/tex]                                               <----- Combined Gas Law

[tex]\frac{(1.05 atm)(6.5L)}{292K}=\frac{P_2(3.6L)}{300K}[/tex]                            <----- Insert values

[tex]0.0234=\frac{P_2(3.6L)}{300K}[/tex]                                       <----- Simplify left side

[tex]7.01 = P_2(3.6L)[/tex]                                         <----- Multiply both sides by 300

[tex]1.95 = P_2[/tex]                                                   <----- Divide both sides by 3.6

*1.95 atm x 101.3 = 197 kPa

197 kPa or 1.95 atm is a new pressure, you must apply the Combined Gas Law to determine the new pressure.

The starting pressure, volume, and temperature are denoted in this equation by "P1", "V1," and "T1," respectively. The new pressure, volume, and temperature are denoted by the letters "P2", "V2," and "T2". You must: before applying the equation:

(1) convert pressure to atm (101.3 kPa = 1 atm)

(2) Use the formula °C + 273 to convert temperatures from Celsius to Kelvin.

After that, you may solve for "P2" by plugging these numbers into the equation.

P1 = 101.3 kPa / 106 kPa = 1.05 atm P₂ = ? atm

V₁ = 6.5 L V₂ = 3.6 L

T₁ = 19°C + 273 = 292 K T₂ = 27°C + 273 = 300 K

Therefore, 1.95 atm X 101.3 = 197 kPa

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The pencil is the earth that rotates about its axis to give day and night.

A model can be regarded as a representation of reality. The model can be used for the purpose of prediction or for the purpose of explanation. In this case, we are trying to use the model for the purpose of explanation.

The whole pencil can be said to represent the globe and the lamp can stand for the sun. The part of the pencil that is exposed to the amp is the part of the earth that is exposed to the sun and has daylight while the other part of the globe would experience darkness.

The rotation of the pencil would denote the rotation of the earth that leads to the occurrence of day and night.

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Chemical formula Na2CO3 is ionic compound and CO is covalent compound.

The chemical formula of a compound is a symbolic representation of its chemical composition. The components of a compound's molecules are identified in its chemical formula, as well as the ratio in which its atoms combine to produce those molecules. For instance, a molecule of water has the molecular formula H2O, which indicates that it contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

A substance's molecular formula can be used to estimate the amount of its constituent constituents. In molecular formulae, the elements are denoted by the symbols from the periodic table, and the number of atoms in each element is denoted by a subscript. For instance, the molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6.

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The number of positive charge units (protons) in the nucleus is defined as the atomic number, which is the single most significant property of an atom. Atomic numbers are typically represented by the symbol Z.

A component of an element is an atom. A specific element only has one kind of atom per atom. Protons, neutrons, and electrons, which are subatomic particles, make up the remainder of an atom. Chemical reactions can result in the combination of elements to create molecules. The number assigned to a chemical element by its atomic number in the periodic system places the elements in ascending order of the number of protons in their nuclei.

The number of positive charge units (protons) in the nucleus is defined as the atomic number, which is the single most significant property of an atom. Atomic numbers are typically represented by the symbol Z.

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For miscible : Poler will be miscible in polar.

                       Non polar will miscible in non polar .

1) C8H18 and C6H6      ( Both are non polar , miscible)

2) H2SO4 and H2O      (  Ionic and  polar  ,  miscible )

3) CS2 and CCl4            ( Both are non -polar , miscible )

4) Na3PO4 , and H2O      ( Salt ionic and polar , miscible )

A liquid is a almost incompressible fluid that conforms to the form of its field however keeps a regular extent impartial of strain. As such, it's miles one of the 4 essential states of remember, and is the only country with a specific quantity but no constant shape.

The atoms in a liquid are loose to transport around, although they can't pass closer collectively or farther apart. This means a liquid flows and modifications shape to fill the space around it.

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Answer: frequency= speed of light * wavelength

1.44799757×10*11

Explanation:

A gas at 5.00 atm pressure was stored in a tank during the winter at 5.0 °C. During the summer, the temperature in the storage area reached 30.9 °C. the pressure in the gas tank then was 5.43 atm

According to gay lussac law :

P1 / T1 = P2 / T2

P1 = 5 atm

P2 = ?

T1 = 273 + 5 = 278 K

T2 = 273 + 30.9 = 303.9 K

now, P1 / T1 = P2 / T2

5 / 278 = P2 / 303.9

P2 = 5.43 atm

Thus, A gas at 5.00 atm pressure was stored in a tank during the winter at 5.0 °C. During the summer, the temperature in the storage area reached 30.9 °C. the pressure in the gas tank then was 5.43 atm

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An unknown metal is exposed to flame by chemists during a flame test. Based on the type of metal present in the substance, the flame will change color. Once the chemical is identified, the scientists can proceed.

The simplest method for determining whether group 1 metal ions are present in the chemical is a flame test. There are several effective methods for other metals, but a flame test will give you a better idea of what to look for.

Chemists place an unidentified metal under a flame as part of a flame test. Depending on whatever metal is present in the substance, the flame will take on a variety of colors. Thus, the mystery material can be identified by the scientists.

Metals have observable characteristics that are particular to each one, much like all other elements, such as density, boiling temperature, melting point, and specific heat. These characteristics can be utilized to identify unknown metal samples since they are special.

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Answer:

∆Hrxn 1 + ∆Hrxn 3 - ∆Hrxn 2 = ?

-1410.9kJ - 571.6kJ + 3119.4kJ = ?

-2801.1kJ

There are 5.02 *10²² molecules in 12 grams of water.

What is a molecule?

This refers to two or more atoms joined by chemical bonds. egH₂0.

What is molecular weight?

This refers to the total weights of the individual atoms that comprise the molecule.

How to calculate number of molecules in a chemical compound.

.Calculate the molecular weight of the substance for one mole.

. Divide the molar mass value by the molecular mass.

. Finally, multiply by the Avogadro constant.

Recall,

1 mole of a subtance= 6.022×10²³ atoms(Avogadro's Law)

Hence calculating the number of molecules in 12g of H₂0 we have:

1 mole of H₂0=(1*2) +(8*2)

                      18g

18g of  H₂0 contains 6.022×10²³ atoms

Then 12g of  H₂0 contains:

number of molecules=Number of atoms /mass of H₂0

                                    =6.022×10²³/12

                                     =5.02×10²²

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Answer:

A its has 63 protons

B mass number is also 124

C Atomic number of x is 63

Explanation:

The absorbance of a solution that absorbs 45.0% of incident 500nm is equal to 0.26.

Absorbance can be defined as the logarithm of the ratio of incident light to transmitted light through a sample. Absorbance may also be defined as the negative logarithm of one minus transmittance, as measured on a uniform sample.

If I₀  is the intensity of the incident light  and 'I' is the intensity of the light detected after traveling a distance 'd', the fraction transmitted T, is given by:

[tex]A = log\frac{I_o}{I}[/tex]

Given, the light absorbed by the solution = 45%

The radiation incident on the solution, I₀ = 100 %

The radiation transmitted by the solution = 100 - 45 = 55%

The absorbance of the solution is given by: A = log (I₀/I)

A = log (100/55)

A = 0.26

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The correct electron dot diagram for Al is Al with three dots. The option A is the correct option.

Aluminum is one of the element of the periodic table. It belongs to 13th group. The atomic number of aluminum is 13 and mass number is 26. The electronic configuration of aluminum is 1s1 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1.

Since there are three electron in the lass shell. Therefore to obtain stable electronic configuration aluminium lose three electron. Since, last electronic configuration is 3 p. Thus, it belongs to p block and 3rd period.

The number of electron dot on an element is depend on the valancy of that particular atom. Let's learn with an example of Na. It has 11 as atomic number and have valancy 1. So, the dot present on Na symbol is one. In the same way, the aluminum has 3 valancy. So, the number of dots present is three.

Thus, we concluded that the correct electron dot diagram for Al is Al with three dots. The option A is the correct option.

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Carbon has a half-life of 5,730 years.

The rate of deterioration, or pastime, of a sample of a radioactive substance, is lower within the wide variety of radioactive nuclei in line with unit time.

The decay rate is expressed as a percent. We convert it to decimal through surely reducing the percentage and dividing it by means of 100. Then calculate the decay element b = 1-r. for example, if the rate of deterioration is 25%, the exponential characteristic's decay price is zero.25 and the decay thing b = 1- 0.25 = 0. seventy-five.

The rate of nuclear decay is also measured in terms of half of-lives. The 1/2-lifestyles is the amount of time it takes for a given isotope to lose half of its radioactivity. If a radioisotope has a 1/2-existence of 14 days, half of of its atoms will have decayed within 14 days.

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The phase change of water is water particle to evaporate forming water vapor

When water changes state in the water cycle and the total number of water particles remain the same and the changes of state include melting, sublimation, evaporation, freezing, condensation and deposition and heating the water in the first beaker causes the water particles to evaporate and forming water vapor and the particle are far apart and on a molecular level the intermolecular forces between the water molecule are decreasing and the heat is providing enough for the water molecule to overcome these attractive forces and all changes involve either an increase or decrease of intermolecular forces

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