Look at the picture below

Activation energy is used to describe the energy needed for a chemical reaction to begin.

Define chemical reactions .

Breaking chemical bonds between reactant molecules (particles) and creating new bonds between atoms in product particles are two aspects of chemical reactions (molecules). While there are the same number of atoms both before and after the chemical transition, there will be a change in the number of molecules.

The least amount of energy necessary to start a process, such a chemical reaction, is known as the activation energy. Exothermic reactions require activation energy to begin, just like all other chemical reactions. Reactants require activation energy in order to move collectively, overcome repulsive forces, and begin bond breakdown.

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Based on the model shown, the model is limited in its depiction of the condensation of gases as it does not show how the temporary fluctuating dipoles of the molecular electron clouds result in a net force of attraction between the molecules.

The correct option is D.

Intermolecular forces are the forces that exist between the molecules of substances such as gases, liquids, and solids. The intermolecular forces in gases are negligible.

Dipole-dipole interactions, London dispersion forces (commonly referred to as van der Waals forces), and hydrogen bonds are the three main types of intermolecular interactions.

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79942.6 calorie is the number of calories of energy absorbed by the water. The energy of an isolated system holds that energy could be transformed.

In physics, energy is indeed the quantitative quality that is imparted to a body or a physical system and is visible in the form of light and heat.

The energy of an isolated system holds that energy could be transformed in form but cannot be generated or destroyed. The joule is the International System of Units (SI) unit of measurement for energy (J).

Q = 2 kg × 4181 J / kg °C × 40°C

   = 334,480 J

   =79942.6 calorie

Therefore, 79942.6 calorie is the number of calories of energy absorbed by the water.

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After calculation of molar mass, The amount of grams in 1.50 moles of KMnO4 is 237.06 hence its is the Option C

The question asks to calculate the mass of 1.50 moles of KMnO4. To do this, we need to know the molar mass of KMnO4, which is calculated by adding up the atomic masses of each element in the compound, taking into account their respective number of atoms. For KMnO4, the molar mass is 39.10 + 54.94 + 4(16.00) = 158.03 g/mol.

Once we have the molar mass, we can use the formula mass = number of moles x molar mass to find the mass of 1.50 moles of KMnO4. Substituting the values, we get:

mass = 1.50 moles x 158.03 g/mol = 237.06 g

Therefore, the answer is (C) 237.06 g.

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During high-intensity interval training, the body's metabolism shifts to meet the increased energy demands of the workout. The most important metabolic processes during high-intensity interval training include:

1. Glycolysis: The breakdown of glucose to produce energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

2. Lipolysis: The breakdown of fats to release fatty acids into the bloodstream, which can then be used as fuel.

3. Oxidative phosphorylation: The production of ATP through the process of cellular respiration, in which glucose and fatty acids are oxidized to produce energy.

The regulatory enzyme involved in these metabolic processes is AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase), which increases in activity during exercise to stimulate the breakdown of glucose and fatty acids and the production of ATP.

The regulation of metabolism during exercise involves changes in enzyme activity, which can be either covalent or allosteric. In the case of high-intensity interval training, enzyme activity is increased through allosteric regulation, which involves the binding of regulatory molecules to the enzyme to alter its activity.

Metabolic products such as lactic acid and hydrogen ions can affect fatigue during high-intensity interval training. Lactic acid buildup in the muscles can cause fatigue and muscle pain, while the accumulation of hydrogen ions can disrupt muscle function and lead to fatigue.

We are tired in the sarcoplasmic reticulum after exercise because it has been depleted of its energy stores (ATP and glycogen) during the workout. Additionally, the increased levels of metabolic by-products such as lactic acid and hydrogen ions can cause fatigue and disrupt muscle function. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is responsible for storing and releasing calcium ions, which are necessary for muscle contraction. When it is depleted of energy, it can no longer perform this function effectively, leading to fatigue.

Answer:

During high-intensity interval training (HIIT), the body undergoes a number of metabolic processes to provide energy for the muscles. The most important processes are anaerobic glycolysis, which involves the breakdown of glucose to produce energy, and aerobic respiration, which involves the breakdown of glucose and fatty acids in the presence of oxygen.

The regulatory enzyme involved in metabolism during exercise is AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK helps to regulate energy balance in the cells by increasing glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation, while decreasing glucose production and lipid synthesis.

Metabolism during exercise is regulated through a combination of covalent and allosteric modifications of enzyme activity. Covalent modifications involve the phosphorylation of enzymes, which changes their activity. Allosteric modifications involve the binding of regulatory molecules to enzymes, which changes their conformation and activity.

During exercise, a number of metabolic products can affect fatigue, including lactic acid and hydrogen ions, which can disrupt the acid-base balance in the muscles and lead to fatigue. Another important factor is the depletion of glycogen stores, which can lead to a reduction in energy production.

In the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the accumulation of calcium ions can lead to fatigue after exercise. This is because the increased levels of calcium ions can disrupt the normal functioning of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which is responsible for regulating muscle contractions. The accumulation of calcium ions can also lead to the activation of proteolytic enzymes, which can break down proteins and contribute to muscle fatigue.

Explanation:

Answer:

168.64 grams of O2

Explanation:

To burn 46.8 grams of propane (C3H8), we need to find the amount of oxygen that reacts with it according to the balanced chemical equation:

C3H8 + 5O2 -> 3CO2 + 4H2O

From the equation, 1 mole of propane (C3H8) reacts with 5 moles of oxygen to form 3 moles of carbon dioxide and 4 moles of water. The number of moles of propane can be calculated as follows:

46.8 g C3H8 / (44.1 g/mol) = 1.054 mol C3H8

Therefore, 1.054 mol of propane (C3H8) requires 5 x 1.054 = 5.27 moles of oxygen to burn completely. To find the mass of the oxygen in grams, we multiply the number of moles by the molar mass of oxygen (O2):

5.27 moles O2 * 32.0 g/mol = 168.64 g O2.

So, 168.64 grams of oxygen are required to burn 46.8 grams of propane (C3H8).

The unknown concentration, c, of the acid in the remaining three-quarters of the solution is 36%.

Let x be the volume of the unknown concentration of the solution.
Then, the volume of the 20% acid solution is (40/4) = 10 ml.
We know that the total volume of the resulting solution is 40 ml, and the resulting solution is 32% acid.
This means the amount of acid in the solution is:

0.32 * 40 ml = 12.8 ml
Since we mixed 20% and c% solutions, we can set up an equation:

0.2 * 10 ml + c * x = 12.8 ml
Solving for c, we get:
c = (12.8 - 2)/x = 10.8/x

Since the volume of the unknown solution, x, is three-quarters of the total volume of the solution (40 ml),

x = 30 ml
Substituting x, we can solve for c:
c = 10.8/30 = 0.36

Therefore, the concentration of the acid in the remaining three-quarters of the solution is 36%.

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Answer:

A

Explanation:

The Law of Conservation of Matter says that the amount of matter (mass) stays the same, even when matter changes its form.

When the grain size is reduced to 0.160 pm, the strength of mild steel is 1851 MPa.There are a number of variables that can affect mild steel's strength, including the grain size, which is controllable.

We may use the above information to determine the constants in the Hall-Petch equation: The strength of mild steel at grain size d1 = 17.43 pm is 1 = 232.9 MPa. Mild steel has a strength of 2 = 874.2 MPa when the grain size is d2 = 0.80 um (or 800 nm). This is the formula for the Hall-Petch equation: = o + Kd(-1/2). We can use the following equation to determine K: K = (σ2 - σ1)(d2^(1/2) - d1^(1/2))^(-1) (-1) When the values are plugged in, we get the following result: K = (874.2 - 232.9)(800(1/2) - 17.43(1/2))(-1) = 276.3 MPa um(1/2) We can use the following equation to determine o: σo = σ1 - Kd1^(-1/2) Plugging in the numbers yields the following result: o = 232.9 - 276.3(17.43(-1/2)) = 62.28 MPa. The Hall-Petch equation's constants are K = 276.3 MPa um(1/2) and o = 62.28 MPa. Hence, the power of the  yield strength of mild steel at 0.160 pm grain size is 1851 MPa.

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In A option1 is correct

What is Acid ?

In chemistry, an "acid" is a substance that donates hydrogen ions (H+) to another substance, or accepts electrons from another substance. Acids are typically characterized by a sour taste, the ability to dissolve some metals, and a pH value of less than 7 in aqueous solutions. They are often used as reagents in chemical reactions, and are important in many biological processes. Common examples of acids include hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and acetic acid (CH3COOH). Acids can be classified as either strong or weak, depending on the extent to which they dissociate in water, and can react with bases to form salts and water in a process called neutralization.

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Sometimes a neutral oxygen atoms gains electrons. The oxygen then becomes an anion with a negative charge.

All the atoms undergoes chemical reactions to attain the octet electronic configuration. It means that it tries to attain the configuration of noble gases, which has the most stable atoms.

Oxygen has 6 electrons in its outer shell. It accepts two more electrons to attain the configuration of neon. As it attains electrons the atoms become negatively charged ions, called anions. It will now become O²⁻.

So the oxygen atom attains electrons to become an anion, with negative charge.

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A student runs an experiment to figure out if the size of a wire changes how well it conducts electricity. The independent variable in this experiment is the multimeter. Therefore, option A is correct.

The amount by which an object impedes or resists an electric current is referred to as resistance. The flow of electrons is referred to as electric current. Consider an example of a person struggling to move from one shop to another in a crowded market.

Because a thin wire has fewer electrons to carry the current, its resistance is greater than that of a thick wire. The relationship between resistance and the area of a wire's cross-section is inversely proportional.

Thus, The independent variable in this experiment is the multimeter,option A is correct.

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Fan and water heater are the energy output object(s) work with the solar panel. Therefore, option B and C are correct.

Solar panels are devices that capture the sun's rays and convert them into electricity or heat. A solar panel is a collection of solar (or photovoltaic) cells that can be used to generate electricity via the photovoltaic effect.

Once you've determined the voltage and amperage, all you have to do is multiply them. The wattage of your solar panel output should be similar to the solar panel rating as a result.

Thus, option B and C are correct.

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Answer:

Polonium is a highly radioactive substance, meaning it emits ionizing radiation, which can cause harm to living organisms. When ingested or inhaled, polonium can damage internal organs, including the kidneys, liver, and bone marrow, and cause radiation sickness. This makes it a potent poison and an easy means to kill someone. Because of its toxic nature and the fact that it is not easily detectable, polonium has been used in assassination attempts, making it a dangerous substance to handle or be around.

Explanation:

Answer:

polonium is a highly radioactive and toxic element that can cause severs health problem if ingested or inhaled

Explanation:

The concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.341 mol/L (or M).

How to calculate the concentration of sodium hydroxide?

We can use the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) to determine the number of moles of NaOH that were used in the titration:

NaOH + KHP → NaKP + H2O

From the balanced equation, we see that one mole of NaOH reacts with one mole of KHP. Therefore, the number of moles of NaOH used in the titration is equal to the number of moles of KHP:

moles of KHP = mass of KHP / molar mass of KHP

The molar mass of KHP can be calculated using the atomic weights of the elements in the formula:

molar mass of KHP = (1 x 39.10 g/mol) + (8 x 12.01 g/mol) + (4 x 16.00 g/mol)

molar mass of KHP = 204.22 g/mol

Substituting the values given in the problem, we have:

moles of KHP = 2.677 g / 204.22 g/mol

moles of KHP = 0.0131 mol

Since one mole of NaOH reacts with one mole of KHP, the number of moles of NaOH used in the titration is also 0.0131 mol.

The concentration of the NaOH solution can be calculated using the formula:

concentration of NaOH = moles of NaOH / volume of NaOH solution

Substituting the volume of the NaOH solution given in the problem, we have:

concentration of NaOH = 0.0131 mol / 0.03839 L

concentration of NaOH = 0.341 M

Therefore, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.341 mol/L (or M).

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There are 0.0249 moles of Cu in 1.5 x 10²² atoms of Cu.

What is Mole?

A mole is a unit of measurement used in chemistry to express amounts of a chemical substance. It is defined as the amount of a substance that contains the same number of entities (such as atoms, molecules, or ions) as there are in 12 grams of pure carbon-12, which is approximately 6.022 x 10²³ entities.

This number is called Avogadro's number and is used as a conversion factor between the mass of a substance and the number of particles it contains.

To calculate the number of moles, we need to know the atomic mass of Cu, which is 63.55 g/mol.

We can use Avogadro's number, 6.022 x 10²³, to convert the number of atoms to moles:

1.5 x 10²² atoms Cu * (1 mol Cu / 6.022 x 10²³ atoms Cu) = 0.0249 mol Cu

Therefore, there are 0.0249 moles of Cu in 1.5 x 10²² atoms of Cu.

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There are 0.0249 moles of Cu in 1.5 x 10^22 atoms of Cu.

What is Mole?

A mole is a unit of measurement used in chemistry to express amounts of a chemical substance. It is defined as the amount of a substance that contains the same number of entities (such as atoms, molecules, or ions) as there are in 12 grams of pure carbon-12, which is approximately 6.022 x 10^23 entities. This number is called Avogadro's number and is used as a conversion factor between the mass of a substance and the number of particles it contains.

To calculate the number of moles, we need to know the atomic mass of Cu, which is 63.55 g/mol.

We can use Avogadro's number, 6.022 x 10^23, to convert the number of atoms to moles:

1.5 x 10^22 atoms Cu * (1 mol Cu / 6.022 x 10^23 atoms Cu) = 0.0249 mol Cu

Therefore, there are 0.0249 moles of Cu in 1.5 x 10^22 atoms of Cu.

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According to the problem should and charcoal particles.

Charcoal is a black, porous, and lightweight material that is produced by burning wood, wood products or other organic materials in the absence of oxygen. It is composed mainly of carbon, but also contains small amounts of hydrogen and other elements. Charcoal is an extremely versatile material that has been used for centuries for a variety of purposes, such as fuel for fires, as an abrasive for polishing and cleaning, and as a pigment for painting. Charcoal is also used in agriculture as a soil enhancer and fertilizer, and in medicine as a detoxifying agent.

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[tex]1.223*10^3g[/tex] of   aluminum oxide (al 2o 3) will be produced when 6. 000 moles of aluminum (al ) is present.

Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) is formed when Aluminum (Al) reacts with Oxygen (O2). The equation for this reaction is:

2Al + 3O2 → Al2O3

We can thus calculate the amount of Al2O3 produced in this reaction. Since there are 6. 000 moles of Al, we can calculate the number of moles of Al2O3 produced using the equation above.

[tex]2 * 6. 000 moles Al = 12. 000 moles Al2O3[/tex]

We can then convert the moles of Al2O3 to grams using the molar mass of Al2O3, which is 101.96 g/mol.

[tex]12. 000 moles Al2O3 * 101.96 g/mol = 1.223 * 10^{3} g Al2O3[/tex]

Therefore, [tex]1.223*10^3g[/tex] of   aluminum oxide (al 2o 3) will be produced when 6. 000 moles of aluminum (al ) is present.

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Charles' Law and Avogadro's Law demonstrates a direct relationship. Therefore, option A and D are correct.

Charles' law states that the volume of a gas equals a constant value multiplied by its temperature as measured on the Kelvin scale (zero Kelvin corresponds to -273.15 degrees Celsius).

Charle's law is a direct relationship between temperature and gas volume. Avogadro's Law derives from the direct relationship between volume and the number of moles in a gas.

Boyle's law is a gas law stating that the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional. When the temperature remains constant, volume increases while pressure decreases and vice versa.

Thus, option A and D are correct.

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Answer:

α HC2H3O2 (aq) + β Ba(OH)2 (aq) → γ H2O (l) + δ Ba(C2H3O2)2 (aq)

Explanation:

To balance the equation, you need to make sure that the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation are equal. The balanced equation for the reaction between α moles of acetic acid (HC2H3O2) and β moles of barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) to produce γ moles of water (H2O) and δ moles of barium acetate (Ba(C2H3O2)2) is:

α HC2H3O2 (aq) + β Ba(OH)2 (aq) → γ H2O (l) + δ Ba(C2H3O2)2 (aq)

Answer:

16 moles

Explanation:

Since we have the ratios of the substances' molar masses, we can just calculate using those. We know that our end product has 3 grams of oxygen; our equation shows that the end product has 3O2 after decomposition, so we can compare how much oxygen we have to how much 3O2 would weigh if we had whole moles of substance.

3O2 would be six moles and weigh 96 grams. Since we only actually have 3 grams, we know that we are working with 3 / 96 = 1/32 of a mole per substance. Now, we look at the equation again, and multiply the ratio of each substance by 1/32, and then by the molar weight. All that's left is finding the importance of the Sodium and the Chlorine, both of which are prevalent in a ratio of 2, so we take 2/32=1/16 of each substance and multiply by their molar weights; 23/16 grams of Sodium, and 35.5/16 grams of Chlorine. Adding those together, we have 58.5/16 grams, which we can round to 64/16, or 4. Adding those 4 grams to the 3 grams of oxygen that the problem gives us, we have seven grams of Sodium Chlorate necessary to give us 3 grams of oxygen post-decomposition.

Answer:

Explanation:

From the given equation, for every 2 moles of NaClO3, 3 moles of O2 are produced.

So, for 4 moles of NaClO3:

4 moles NaClO3 / 2 moles NaClO3 = 2

Therefore, 2 * 3 moles O2 = 6 moles O2.

So, 4 moles of NaClO3 will produce 6 moles of O2.

1) 1-Phenyl propan -1-ol

2) 3-methyl butanal

3) 2-Cyano ethene

4) 4 - bromo-2-methyl  pent -3- one

5) 3,5 -dihydroxy -3-enoic acid

The IUPAC nomenclature has to do with the manner that we use in chemistry to be able to name compounds. These are the rules for the naming of compounds that have been put together by the International Union of Pure and applied chemistry.

In these rules, we would have to find out the root of the compound name by counting up the number of the chains that we have and then noting the substituents that we have on the chains.

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According to the stoichiometry of the reaction for formation of water according to the given condition, 4 moles of water are produced.

It is the determination of proportions of elements or compounds in a chemical reaction. The related relations are based on law of conservation of mass and law of combining weights and volumes.

Stoichiometry is used in quantitative analysis for measuring concentrations of substances present in the sample.

In the given reaction, 32 g oxygen gives 36 g  water, thus 64 g oxygen gives 64×36/32=72 g which is equivalent to 72/18=4 moles of water.

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Answer:

142 can be expressed in scientific notation as 1.42 x 10².

Explanation:

The solubility product constant (Ksp) of PbF2 may be used to calculate the solubility of PbF2 in a solution containing 0.0500 M Pb2+ ions. PbF2 has a Ksp of 8.3 x 10-8.

Accordingly, the concentration of Pb2+ ions multiplied by the concentration of F ions at equilibrium must equal 8.3 x 10-8. By dividing the Ksp by the known concentration of Pb2+ ions (0.0500 M), which is known, the concentration of F ions may be calculated.

As a result, there will be 1.66 x 10-6 M or 8.3 x 10-8/0.0500 M of F ions in the solution. This indicates that 1.66 x 10-6 M of PbF2 is soluble in the solution.

It is essential to remember that the The answer is 1.66 x 10-6 M. Due to the low concentration of F ions in this solution, it is significant to notice that PbF2 is not highly soluble in it. This is due to the fact that the relationship between the concentration of Pb2+ ions and the solubility of PbF2 is inverse.

The solubility of PbF2 reduces as Pb2+ ion concentration rises. PbF2 is therefore only barely soluble in this solution.  

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The volume of HCl that will be formed from 3.7 liters of Cl2 would be 6.72 liters.

At STP, 22.4 liters of gas is equivalent to 1 mole of the gas.

3.7 liters of Cl2 = 3.7/22.4 = 0.17 mole

From the equation of the reaction, the mole ratio of Cl2 to HCl is 1:2. Thus, the equivalent mole of HCl that will be formed from 0.17 mole of Cl2 would be:

0.17 x 2 = 0.34 mole

0.34 mole of Cl2 = 22.4 x 0.3 = 6.72 liters

In other words, the volume of HCl that will be formed would be 6.72 liters.

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The energy of an electron in the third orbit in a hydrogen atom is -3.4 eV.

Answer:

34.8/m² kcal mol

Explanation:

The energy of an electron in an orbit in a hydrogen atom is proportional to the reciprocal of the square of its orbital number. Therefore, the energy of an electron in the 3rd orbit can be calculated as follows:

Energy (3rd orbit) = Energy (1st orbit) * (1/3)^2

Energy (3rd orbit) = 313.6/m² kcal mol * (1/9)

Energy (3rd orbit) = 34.8/m² kcal mol

So the energy of an electron in the 3rd orbit of a hydrogen atom is 34.8/m² kcal mol.

ALLEN