A Ltd. should not close down its factory for 3 months. To determine whether A Ltd. should close down its factory for 3 months, we need to compare the costs and benefits of doing so.
First, let's calculate the total cost per unit:
Total cost per unit = variable cost per unit + (fixed manufacturing overhead costs + fixed selling costs)/number of units produced
Total cost per unit = $14 + ($150,000 + $30,000)/30,000
Total cost per unit = $19
With the current selling price of $22 per unit, A Ltd. is making a profit of $3 per unit.
Now, let's consider the costs and benefits of closing down the factory for 3 months.
If A Ltd. closes down the factory for 3 months, it will save $45,000 per month in fixed manufacturing overhead costs and 10% of its fixed selling costs, which is $3,000 per month.
The total cost savings for the 3-month period would be:
Total cost savings = 3 x ($45,000 + $3,000)
Total cost savings = $144,000
However, A Ltd. will also incur a restart cost of $8,000 after the 3-month closure.
If A Ltd. continues production for the next 3 months, based on the current production level of 8,000 units per month, it will generate a total revenue of:
Total revenue = 8,000 x $22 x 3
Total revenue = $1,584,000
The total cost of producing 24,000 units during the 3-month period would be:
Total cost = 24,000 x $19
Total cost = $456,000
The profit generated from continuing production for the next 3 months would be:
Profit = Total revenue - Total cost
Profit = $1,584,000 - $456,000
Profit = $1,128,000
Based on the above calculations, it is more beneficial for A Ltd. to continue production for the next 3 months rather than closing down the factory. The profit generated from continuing production for the next 3 months is $1,128,000, which is higher than the cost savings from closing down the factory ($144,000) minus the restart cost of $8,000, which is a total of $136,000. Therefore, A Ltd. should not close down its factory for 3 months.
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Assume $100,000 is available for investment and MARR = 10% per year. If alternative A would earn 25% per year on investment of $60,000, and B would earn 20% per year on investment of $75,000, the weighted averages (overall ROR) for B is:
To calculate the weighted average rate of return (ROR) for investment B, we need to consider the proportion of the total investment amount that each alternative represents.
Let's calculate the weighted average ROR for investment B:
Investment A:
Amount invested in A = $60,000
Rate of return for A = 25%
Investment B:
Amount invested in B = $75,000
Rate of return for B = 20%
Total investment amount = $100,000
To find the weighted average ROR for B, we can use the following formula:
Weighted average ROR = (Amount invested in A / Total investment amount) * ROR of A + (Amount invested in B / Total investment amount) * ROR of B
Substituting the values, we have:
Weighted average ROR for B = (60,000 / 100,000) * 25% + (75,000 / 100,000) * 20%
= 0.6 * 0.25 + 0.75 * 0.20
= 0.15 + 0.15
= 0.30 or 30%
Therefore, the weighted average rate of return for investment B is 30%.
This means that considering the investment amounts and respective rates of return, investment B contributes a weighted average return of 30% to the overall return on the total investment of $100,000.
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3. Coverage of Industrial Relations include:
Collective bargaining
Role of management, unions, government
Machinery for resolution of industrial disputes
Labor legislation
All the above
the coverage of Industrial Relations encompasses collective bargaining, the role of management, unions, and government, machinery for dispute resolution, and labor legislation.
Industrial Relations encompass various aspects that contribute to the relationship between employers and employees in an organization. One crucial aspect is collective bargaining, which involves negotiations between the management and labor unions to determine terms and conditions of employment, wages, working hours, and other related matters. It serves as a platform for addressing the concerns and interests of both parties.
The role of management, unions, and government is another significant component of Industrial Relations. Each entity plays a distinct role in shaping the employment relationship. Management represents the employer's interests, unions advocate for the rights and welfare of employees, and the government provides regulations and policies to ensure fairness and balance in labor relations.
Machinery for the resolution of industrial disputes is essential in Industrial Relations. These mechanisms include grievance handling procedures, conciliation, arbitration, and labor courts. They provide avenues for resolving conflicts and disputes between employers and employees, promoting peaceful and productive industrial relations.
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On 1 January 2007, Fountain sold equipment to Swanson Ltd and simultaneously leased it back for five years. The equipment’s fair value is $1,200,000, but its carrying value on Fountain’s books prior to the transaction was $960,000. The equipment has a remaining estimated useful life of six years and both Fountain and Swanson used 8% interest in evaluating the transaction. At the end of the lease term, Fountain has the option to purchase the machine from Swanson at $100,000, a price that is far lower than its expected fair value. Fountain classified the lease as an operating lease and agreed to make annual rental payments of $262,502 beginning January 1, 2007. Fountain had also recognized the gain of $240,000 from the sale of equipment in 2007. Fountain depreciates all its assets on a straight-line basis. Mr Koh was also concerned whether these adjustments will affect the key accounting ratios of the firm. So he provided you with the following (un-audited) financial information for the fiscal year ending 31 December 2007 for your investigation: Net income before tax $ 500,000 Current assets $2,000,000 Current liabilities $2,000,000 Total liabilities $2,500,000 Total assets $5,000,000 Required (i) Provide the adjusting entries, if necessary, for the abovementioned transactions. (ii) Consider each adjustment (if any) separately. Quantify the effects of each adjustment on return on assets (net income before tax divided by total assets), current ratio, and leverage (total liabilities divided by shareholders equity) for the fiscal year ending December 2007. Support your answers with relevant workings. Ignore income tax effects. HINT: Present value of annuity due (5 years, 8%) = 4.312127. Present value of single sum (5 years, 8%) = 0.680583]
The adjusting entries have no impact on return on assets, current ratio, and leverage for the fiscal year.
(i) Adjusting entries:
Record the leaseback transaction:
Debit: Equipment (carrying value) $960,000
Debit: Leasehold improvements (if any) (if applicable)
Credit: Gain on sale of equipment $240,000
Credit: Equipment (fair value) $1,200,000
Record the lease liability:
Debit: Lease liability $1,087,515 ($262,502 x 4.312127)
Recognize interest expense for the year:
Debit: Interest expense $87,002 ($1,087,515 x 8%)
Credit: Lease liability $87,002
Record annual rental payment:
Debit: Lease liability $175,500 ($262,502 - $87,002)
Credit: Cash $175,500
(ii) Effects on key accounting ratios:
Return on assets (Net income before tax / Total assets):
Net income before tax: $500,000 (no impact from the adjustments)
Total assets: $5,000,000 (no impact from the adjustments)
Therefore, the adjustments have no effect on the return on assets ratio.
Current ratio (Current assets / Current liabilities):
Current assets: $2,000,000 (no impact from the adjustments)
Current liabilities: $2,000,000 (no impact from the adjustments)
Therefore, the adjustments have no effect on the current ratio.
Leverage (Total liabilities / Shareholders' equity):
Total liabilities: $2,500,000 (no impact from the adjustments)
Shareholders' equity: Calculated as Total assets - Total liabilities.
Total assets: $5,000,000 (no impact from the adjustments)
Total liabilities: $2,500,000 (no impact from the adjustments)
Shareholders' equity: $2,500,000
Therefore, the adjustments have no effect on the leverage ratio.
The adjustments made for the leaseback transaction, including recognizing the gain on sale of equipment, recording the lease liability, recognizing interest expense, and recording the annual rental payment, have no effect on the key accounting ratios. The return on assets ratio remains the same as there is no change in net income before tax or total assets. The current ratio and leverage ratio are unaffected as both current assets and liabilities, and total liabilities remain unchanged.
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JAR-829 tour company uses two measures of activity, routes and passengers in its cost formulas used for budgeting and performance evaluation. The cost formula for tour operating costs is $56,880 per month plus $2,884 per route plus $15 per
passenger. The company expected in August to perform 90 routes and serve 255 passengers, but the actual activity was 98 routes and 265 passengers. The actual tour operating costs in August was $305,100. The spending variance for tour operating
costs in August would be closest to:Multiple Choice a. $23,222 Favorable. b. $15,165 Favorable. c. $38,387 Unfavorable. d. $38.387 Favorable. e. $15,165 Unfavorable
The spending variance for tour operating costs in August is closest to c. $38,387 Unfavorable.
The cost formula for tour operating costs is given as $56,880 per month plus $2,884 per route plus $15 per passenger. The budgeted activity levels for August were 90 routes and 255 passengers, while the actual activity levels were 98 routes and 265 passengers. To calculate the budgeted tour operating costs, we can plug in the budgeted activity levels into the cost formula: Budgeted tour operating costs = $56,880 + ($2,884 * 90) + ($15 * 255) = $56,880 + $259,560 + $3,825 = $320,265.The actual tour operating costs in August were $305,100. Therefore, the spending variance is the difference between the actual costs and the budgeted costs: Spending variance = Actual costs - Budgeted costs = $305,100 - $320,265 = -$15,165. Since the spending variance is negative, it indicates an unfavorable variance. Therefore, the closest option is c. $38,387 Unfavorable.
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information Management
1. Explain why it is important for general managers to be
directly involved in information technology decision making
2. Convince your managing director why he needs to be inv
Information management is an essential aspect of a modern business that is facilitated by Information Technology (IT). It involves collecting, processing, storing, and disseminating data within an organization. This process provides relevant information that enables managers to make informed decisions on strategic and operational issues.
This essay will explain why it is important for general managers to be directly involved in information technology decision-making and convince the managing director why he needs to be involved.
Firstly, general managers should be directly involved in IT decision-making as they are responsible for managing the organization's strategic and operational activities. They need to ensure that information management aligns with the business's goals and objectives. They also need to make sure that the IT infrastructure meets the organization's needs. For instance, they need to ensure that data is secure, and the IT system is reliable to support the organization's operations.
Secondly, general managers need to be involved in IT decision-making as it helps to ensure that the IT system supports the organization's operations. The managers understand the organization's processes and how technology can be used to improve efficiency, productivity, and effectiveness. For instance, they can identify areas where technology can be used to automate tasks, eliminate redundancies, and streamline workflows. This can help to improve the organization's performance and competitive advantage.
Thirdly, the general manager needs to be involved in IT decision-making as it helps to ensure that the organization complies with regulatory requirements. The managers need to ensure that the IT system meets legal and regulatory requirements. For instance, they need to ensure that data is stored and processed in compliance with data protection laws.
In conclusion, general managers need to be directly involved in IT decision-making to ensure that information management aligns with the business's goals and objectives, to improve efficiency, productivity, and effectiveness, and to ensure regulatory compliance. The managing director also needs to be involved in IT decision-making as he has overall responsibility for the organization's performance and needs to ensure that IT infrastructure supports the business's goals and objectives.
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1. St. Catherine’s Health System (SCHS) reported the following end of year account balances as of December 31, 2019:
Assets
Cash and temporary investments $300,000
Accounts receivables $2,500,000
Inventory $205,000
Plant and equipment $5,800,000
Accumulated depreciation $312,000
Liabilities
Accounts payable $230,000
Short-term notes payable $30,000
Long-term debt payable $400,000
Net Assets/Equity
Unrestricted assets $7,632,800
Other assets $200
For each of the following 2020 financial transactions, describe the dual entry accounting changes that would result (see first transaction for an example):
a. SCHS collected $2,000,000 in cash from outstanding accounts receivables
- Accounts receivables decreases by $2,000,000
- Cash and temporary investments increase by $2,000,000
b. SCHS purchased $2,000,000 of inventory on credit
c. SCHS provided $9,100,000 of patient services on credit (i.e. billed to insurance companies)
d. SCHS paid $4,660,000 for labor expenses in cash
e. SCHS used $1,930,000 of supplies from its existing inventory to provide patient care services
f. SCHS paid $45,000 in cash on its short-term notes payable
g. SCHS issued $3,800,000 in long-term debt to raise capital for future growth investments
h. SCHS purchased $3,000,000 in new equipment using a short-term note payable
i. SCHS incurred an annual depreciation expense of $95,000
2. Brandywine Homecare, a not-for-profit business, had revenues of $12,000,000 in
2018. Total expenses, less depreciation, was 75% of revenues, and depreciation
expense was $1,500,000. All revenues were collected in cash during 2018 and all expenses except depreciation were also paid in cash during 2018.
a. Construct Brandywine’s 2018 income statement
b. What were Brandywine’s net income and estimate of cash flow during 2018?
c. Suppose that Brandywine’s depreciation expense was doubled for the year. How would such a change affect Brandywine’s net income and estimate of cash flow for 2018?
d. If Brandywine were a for-profit business (instead of not-for-profit) and paid taxes of 40% on its reported net income, how would such a change affect the company’s reported net income and/or cash flow?
3. Great Forks Hospital reported net income of $2,400,000 on total revenue of $30,000,000 for 2018. Depreciation expense totaled $1,000,000 for the year.
a. What were total expenses for 2018?
b. What were total cash expenses for 2018? (assume all expenses except for depreciation were cash expenses)
c. What was the hospital’s estimated cash flow for 2018?
St. Catherine’s Health System (SCHS) reported the following end of year account balances as of December 31, 2019-
For each of the following 2020 financial transactions, describe the dual entry accounting changes that would result (see first transaction for an example): a. SCHS collected $2,000,000 in cash from outstanding accounts receivables - Accounts receivables decreases by $2,000,000 - Cash and temporary investments increase by $2,000,000 b. SCHS purchased $2,000,000 of inventory on credit c. SCHS provided $9,100,000 of patient services on credit (i.e. billed to insurance companies) d. SCHS paid $4,660,000 for labor expenses in cash e. SCHS used $1,930,000 of supplies from its existing inventory to provide patient care services.
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Happy Toes produces sports socks. The company has fixed expenses of $80,000 and variable expenses of $0.80 per package. Each package sells for $1.60. Read the requirements. Requirement 1. Compute the
To compute the break-even point for Happy Toes, we need to determine the number of packages the company needs to sell in order to cover its fixed and variable expenses. The break-even point is 100,000 packages, meaning that Happy Toes must sell at least 100,000 packages to cover its fixed and variable expenses and achieve a break-even position.
The break-even point can be calculated using the following formula:
Break-even point (in units) = Fixed expenses / Contribution margin per unit
The contribution margin per unit is the difference between the selling price per unit and the variable expenses per unit.
In this case, the fixed expenses are $80,000 and the variable expenses per package are $0.80. The selling price per package is $1.60.
To calculate the contribution margin per package:
Contribution margin per package = Selling price per package - Variable expenses per package
Contribution margin per package = $1.60 - $0.80 = $0.80
Now, we can calculate the break-even point:
Break-even point (in packages) = $80,000 / $0.80
The break-even point for Happy Toes is 100,000 packages.
The break-even point is the point at which the company's total revenue equals its total expenses, resulting in zero profit or loss. In this case, Happy Toes has fixed expenses of $80,000, which do not vary with the number of packages sold. The variable expenses per package are $0.80, meaning that for each package sold, the company incurs $0.80 in variable costs. The selling price per package is $1.60.
To cover the fixed expenses, Happy Toes needs to generate enough contribution margin per package to offset the fixed expenses. The contribution margin per package is calculated by subtracting the variable expenses per package from the selling price per package. In this case, the contribution margin per package is $0.80.
By dividing the fixed expenses ($80,000) by the contribution margin per package ($0.80), we can determine the number of packages the company needs to sell to break even. The break-even point is 100,000 packages, meaning that Happy Toes must sell at least 100,000 packages to cover its fixed and variable expenses and achieve a break-even position.
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If the price level today (based on 1975 prices) is 250, how many dollars does it take today to buy as much as you could have bought for $20 in 1975? (Hint: if 1975 is the base year, what would the price level be equal to then?) O $100. $250. O $50. O $270.
The correct price level is (C) $50. The dollar has less value than what it had in 1975 due to the effect of inflation.
The price level today is 250 (based on 1975 prices).
The inflation rate can be calculated by comparing the cost of an item in two separate years.
The difference in the prices of the same good in two separate years is known as the inflation rate.
Here we are given that the price level is 250 today based on 1975 prices.
It is the ratio of the price of a commodity today to the price of that same commodity in 1975. To calculate the price level of 1975, we divide the price level of today by the 1975 price level.
The price level of 1975 = price level today ÷ price level in 1975price level of 1975 = 250 ÷ 100 = 2.5
If 1975 is the base year, then the price level would be equal to 100.
So, $20 in 1975 would be worth $20 in the base year. Therefore, it will take $50 today to buy as much as you could have bought for $20 in 1975.
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Synchronizing supplier and customer forecasts is part of
a "Collaborative planning, forecasting and replenishment (CPFR)"
b Economic Batch Quantity (EBQ)
c Economic Take Responsibility (ETR)
d Analyze Market Research (AMR)
The correct answer to your question is a) Collaborative planning, forecasting and replenishment (CPFR). CPFR is a business practice that aims to enhance supply chain management by establishing collaboration between suppliers and customers. Synchronizing supplier and customer forecasts is a crucial part of CPFR.
This process enables both parties to share information about expected demand, inventory levels, and production schedules. By doing so, they can work together to make more accurate forecasts and optimize the supply chain process.CPFR is a business practice that aims to enhance supply chain management by establishing collaboration between suppliers and customers. Synchronizing supplier and customer forecasts is a crucial part of CPFR.
On the other hand, Economic Batch Quantity (EBQ) is a formula used to determine the optimal quantity of items to produce or purchase to minimize costs. Economic Take Responsibility (ETR) is not a recognized term in supply chain management. Finally, Analyze Market Research (AMR) is a process of analyzing market trends and consumer behavior to develop effective marketing strategies.
Overall, CPFR is an essential aspect of supply chain management, as it promotes collaboration and communication between suppliers and customers, resulting in more efficient operations, better customer service, and increased profitability.
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You are auditing sales and collection cycle for the Hospital Cahaya, a small not-for-profit hospital. The hospital has a reputation for excellent medical services and deficient record- keeping. The medical people have a traditional of doing all aspects of their job correctly, but because of a shortage of accounting personnel, there is no time for internal verification or careful performance. In previous years, your firm has found quite a few misstatements in billings, cash receipts, and account receivables. As in all hospitals, the two largest assets are account receivable and property, plant and equipment.
When auditing the sales and collection cycle for the Hospital Cahaya, the auditor will examine how sales are recorded in the financial statements.
The cycle starts with the sale of medical services, with the subsequent issuance of invoices to patients or their insurance providers. Patients or their insurers then pay the invoices. An auditor's main concern is to verify that all sales and cash collections are correctly recorded and accounted for in the financial statements. They must also ensure that all amounts recorded in the financial statements are genuine, accurate, and complete.
The hospital's reputation for excellent medical services and poor record-keeping can pose a significant risk to the audit process. Given the shortage of accounting personnel, there is no time for internal verification or careful performance. As a result, misstatements in billings, cash receipts, and accounts receivables have been found in previous years. As a result, the auditor will need to be more careful in verifying the accuracy of the financial statements. This means they will need to conduct more detailed testing procedures to ensure that there are no material misstatements.
Auditing sales and collection cycles are vital as the two largest assets of any hospital are account receivable and property, plant and equipment. Hence, there is a higher chance of errors and misstatements. The auditor will need to plan their audit procedures carefully, given the hospital's poor record-keeping and the past misstatements that have been discovered. The auditor may consider developing and implementing an internal control framework that will help in improving the hospital's record-keeping and prevent future errors.
To minimize the risks of material misstatements, the auditor may consider conducting more substantive tests of transactions to ensure that all sales are appropriately recorded and that all cash collections are accurately accounted for in the financial statements. They may also want to scrutinize the hospital's billings, cash receipts, and account receivables records thoroughly to identify any misstatements that may exist. Further, the auditor may also want to evaluate the hospital's accounting personnel and provide recommendations on hiring more staff to improve the record-keeping process.
In conclusion, auditing the sales and collection cycle for a hospital such as Hospital Cahaya is crucial, given the hospital's two largest assets are account receivable and property, plant, and equipment. Given the hospital's reputation for excellent medical services and poor record-keeping, the auditor must be more careful in their audit procedures to identify and prevent material misstatements. The auditor may consider implementing an internal control framework, conducting substantive tests, scrutinizing the hospital's records thoroughly, evaluating accounting personnel, and making recommendations for future improvements.
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(a) [15 marks] Explain what the meaning is of the primary and the secondary market in connection to security issuance and what is the IPO premium.
Answer:
The primary market and the secondary market are terms used in the context of security issuance.
Explanation:
The primary market refers to the initial issuance of securities by a company or government entity to raise capital. In this market, newly issued securities are offered and sold directly to investors. The primary market transaction involves the company or entity raising funds by selling its securities, such as stocks or bonds, for the first time. The proceeds from the sale of these securities go directly to the issuer. The primary market is where the company or entity receives the funds it needs to finance its operations, expansion, or other purposes.
On the other hand, the secondary market is where already issued securities are traded among investors. In this market, investors buy and sell securities among themselves, and the transactions occur on organized exchanges (such as stock exchanges) or over-the-counter (OTC) platforms. The secondary market provides liquidity to investors by allowing them to buy or sell their existing securities. It is where investors can trade previously issued securities without the involvement of the issuing company or entity. The secondary market facilitates price discovery and provides an avenue for investors to exit or enter their investment positions.
Now, moving on to the IPO premium. An IPO (Initial Public Offering) is the process through which a company offers its shares to the public for the first time, transitioning from being privately owned to publicly traded. The IPO premium refers to the difference between the issue price of the shares during the IPO and the subsequent trading price of the shares in the secondary market after the IPO.
The IPO premium represents the additional value or "pop" in the share price that often occurs immediately after the company's shares begin trading on the secondary market. It reflects the market's perception of the company's growth potential, future prospects, and investor demand for the shares. The premium can be positive or negative, depending on whether the shares experience an initial price increase or decrease compared to the IPO price.
The IPO premium is an important consideration for investors who participate in IPOs. A high IPO premium suggests strong investor demand and optimism about the company's future performance. It can provide early investors with potential short-term gains if they choose to sell their shares after the IPO at a higher price. However, it also indicates the possibility of increased volatility and the risk of price correction once the initial excitement subsides.
Overall, the IPO premium reflects the market's perception of the value and potential of a company's shares immediately after the IPO, taking into account factors such as market sentiment, investor demand, and the company's fundamentals.
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3. Explain the idea behind the non-traditional media. How is it used? Give an example from your own experience of one type of non-traditional media.
Non-traditional media can be a valuable tool for businesses looking to engage their target audience and boost their ROI.
Non-traditional media refers to any new medium used to communicate with the masses besides traditional media such as newspapers, radio, and television. It can be any format such as podcasts, blogs, social media, mobile applications, and more.
Non-traditional media is often more cost-effective, efficient, and easier to access than traditional media, allowing companies to reach a broader audience. They also provide an opportunity for businesses to engage with their target audience by creating more personalized messages, which can result in increased customer loyalty and engagement.
For example, influencer marketing is a type of non-traditional media that utilizes social media platforms to advertise and promote products or services. This form of marketing relies on the use of popular personalities with large followings to drive brand awareness and increase sales.
A well-executed influencer marketing campaign can result in a higher return on investment (ROI) compared to traditional marketing methods. In conclusion, non-traditional media can be a valuable tool for businesses looking to engage their target audience and boost their ROI.
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Review If a monopolist increases quantity from 4 units to 5 units, the price falls from $60 to $50. Pick the correct statement about Marginal Revenue. Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a Gain in revenue from new units = $50, Loss in Revenue from old units = $40, Marginal Revenue = $10. Gain in revenue from new units = $60; Loss in Revenue from old units = $50; Marginal Revenue = $10. C Gain in revenue from new units = $250; Loss in Revenue from old units = $250; Marginal Revenue = $10. d Gain in revenue from new units = $50; Loss in Revenue from old units = $0; Marginal Revenue = $50. O
The correct statement about Marginal Revenue in this scenario is: d) Gain in revenue from new units = $50; Loss in Revenue from old units = $0; Marginal Revenue = $50.
the monopolist is selling 4 units at $60 each, resulting in total revenue of 4 * $60 = $240. When the monopolist increases quantity to 5 units, the price falls to $50. The revenue from the new unit is $50, so the gain in revenue from the new unit is $50 - $0 (since there was no revenue from the fifth unit before) = $50. However, the monopolist also experiences a loss in revenue from the old units. Since the price dropped from $60 to $50, the loss in revenue from the old units is $60 - $50 = $10 per unit.
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what does economics have to do with running a business?
500 words , comply with APA Standards
20% maximum plagiraziation on turnitim
Economics is essential for running a business as it helps in making informed decisions regarding pricing, production, resource allocation, market analysis, and forecasting.
Economics provides businesses with valuable insights into how markets function and how they can optimize their operations. One of the key aspects of economics in business is pricing. Businesses need to set prices for their products or services that are attractive to customers while still ensuring profitability. Economics helps in understanding the concept of supply and demand, which enables businesses to determine the optimal price point that will generate maximum revenue.
Another important area where economics plays a significant role is in production. Businesses need to make decisions regarding what to produce, how much to produce, and which production methods to adopt. Economic principles such as cost-benefit analysis, economies of scale, and production efficiency assist businesses in making these decisions. By utilizing these principles, businesses can reduce costs, increase productivity, and ultimately improve their bottom line.
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On March 1, Hugh Corporation plans to borrow $450,000 from the Scotland State Bank by signing a 6%, 15 year note payable. The note calls for 180 monthly payments of $3,800, which includes both interest and principal components or Hugh's budgeted debt service cost of $3,800 in March, the amount applied to the principal of the note totals:
The amount applied to the principal of the note in March is $1,554.75.
To determine the amount applied to the principal of the note in March, we need to calculate the interest portion of the payment and subtract it from the total payment.
The total payment for each month is $3,800, which includes both interest and principal components. The interest component can be calculated using the annual interest rate and the remaining principal balance.
Principal borrowed: $450,000
Annual interest rate: 6%
Number of monthly payments: 180
To calculate the interest portion in March, we need to determine the remaining principal balance after the first payment.
Principal balance after the first payment:
Principal borrowed - (Monthly payment - Interest portion)
Principal balance after the first payment:
$450,000 - ($3,800 - ($450,000 * 6% / 12))
Now we can calculate the interest portion in March:
Interest portion in March:
Principal balance after the first payment * 6% / 12
Finally, we can calculate the principal portion in March by subtracting the interest portion from the total payment:
Principal portion in March:
Total payment - Interest portion in March
Calculating the values:
Principal balance after the first payment:
$450,000 - ($3,800 - ($450,000 * 6% / 12)) = $449,050
Interest portion in March:
$449,050 * 6% / 12 = $2,245.25
Principal portion in March:
$3,800 - $2,245.25 = $1,554.75
Therefore, the amount applied to the principal of the note in March is $1,554.75.
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W 10₁ 0 9 8 7 6 TT-0 5 4 3 2 1 0 LO TT-100 TT-200 2 TT-300 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 Click to see additional instructions Refer to the above figure. If needed, graph values can be estimated to the nearest half-unit. Suppose workers have alternative employment available at wage $2. . The competitive wage is $ A. In this figure the firm's ideal wage is $ The lowest wage the union would accept is $ B. The monopoly union outcome is Wy=$ and Lu= C. Is the contract with w-$4 and L=8 a Pareto improvement over the monopoly union contract? (Enter "1" for yes, "-1" for no.) We can see from this figure that the contract with L= (Enter "1" for yes, "-1" for no.) outcome? DL 8 9 L 10 and the union's ideal wage is $ At this outcome the union's economic rent is $ . The highest wage the firm would agree to is $ and the wage bill is $ (Enter "1" for yes, "-1" for no.). Is the competitive outcome a Pareto improvement over the monopoly union contract? and w=$ is Pareto efficient. Is this contract a Pareto Improvement over the monopoly union
In the given figure, the competitive wage is $2, the firm's ideal wage is $6, and the lowest wage the union would accept is $5. The monopoly union outcome is Wy=$7 and Lu=8. The contract with w-$4 and L=8 is not a Pareto improvement over the monopoly union contract.
The contract with w-$4 and L=8 is not a Pareto improvement over the monopoly union contract because it results in a lower wage for workers without any increase in firm profits. The competitive outcome is not a Pareto improvement over the monopoly union contract either. However, the contract with w=$2 is Pareto efficient, meaning there is no other feasible contract that would make at least one party better off without making the other worse off.
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is it possible to have a two paged company profile and what
should be the content of a two paged powerpoint company profile
Yes, it is possible to create a two-page company profile in PowerPoint. When designing a two-page company profile, it's important to include key information about the company that provides a concise overview to the audience. Here are some suggested content sections for each page:
Company Name and Logo: Include the company's name and logo at the top of the page for brand recognition.Introduction: Provide a brief introduction to the company, highlighting its mission, vision, and core values. Overview: Summarize the company's history, including the year of establishment, key milestones, and achievements. Products or Services: Highlight the company's main products or services, emphasizing their unique features or competitive advantage.Target Market: Describe the target market or customer segments the company serves. Key Statistics: Include key financial or operational statistics such as annual revenue, number of employees, or market share. Team and Expertise: Showcase the company's team and their expertise. Include photos and brief profiles of key executives or team members. Clientele and Testimonials: Highlight notable clients or customers the company has served and include testimonials or quotes that showcase customer satisfaction.Differentiators: Identify what sets the company apart from its competitors, such as innovative technologies, superior customer service, or unique business practices. Awards and Recognitions: Mention any industry awards or recognitions the company has received.Social Responsibility: Highlight the company's commitment to corporate social responsibility, sustainability initiatives, or community involvement.Contact Information: Provide relevant contact details, including the company's address, phone number, email, and website.Remember to keep the content concise, use engaging visuals, and ensure that the company profile accurately represents the organization's brand and identity.
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Two profit-maximising firms produce differentiated products at no cost and compete in prices. Letting i, j = 1,2 with ij, the inverse demand function and the corresponding demand function faced by each firm i are 2 3 Pi = 1200-9i39 and di = (1200-3p; + 2p;) (a) [5 MARKS] Find the equilibrium prices and quantities. (b) [5 MARKS] In a graph, represent the two firms' best responses and the equilibrium. (c) [5 MARKS] Suppose that the two firms merge to create a monopoly. What are the equilibrium prices and quantities? (d) [15 MARKS] Suppose that the two firms compete for infinitely many periods and agree to both set their price to the monopoly level. Moreover, both firms follow a "trigger strategy": if one firm deviates from the agreement in period t, the other sets its price to the duopoly equilibrium from period t + 1 to infinity. Let 8₁ and 82 (with 81,82 € [0, 1]) be the discount rates of firms 1 and 2, respectively. For what values of 8₁ and 2 is the collusive agreement sustainable? 1
The equilibrium prices and quantities are pi = 400/3 and qi = 400/3.
(a) the equilibrium prices and quantities are found by solving the firms' profit maximization problems. firm i's profit function is given by:
πi = (1200 - 3pi + 2pj)pi - 0
taking the derivative with respect to pi and setting equal to zero, we get:
1200 - 6pi + 2pj = 0
solving for pi, we get:
pi = (1200 - 2pj)/6
substituting this into the demand function for firm i, we get:
di = (1200 - (1200 - 2pj)/6) = (1200 - 200 + pj)/3 = (400 + pj)/3
the equilibrium price is found by setting the two demand functions equal to each other:
(400 + pj)/3 = (400 + pk)/3
solving for pj, we get:
pj = 400
substituting this into the equilibrium price equation, we get:
pi = (400 + 400)/3 = 400/3
the equilibrium quantity is found by discount substituting the equilibrium price into the demand function:
di = (400 + 400/3)/3 = 400/3 (b) the two firms' best responses are shown in the following graph. the horizontal axis shows the price of firm 1 and the vertical axis shows the price of firm 2. the solid line shows firm 1's best response curve and the dashed line shows firm 2's best response curve. the equilibrium point is where the two curves intersect.
[image of graph of two firms' best responses]
(c) if the two firms merge to create a monopoly, the monopoly price is found by setting the marginal revenue equal to zero:
mr = 1200 - 6p = 0
solving for p, we get:
p = 200
the monopoly quantity is found by substituting the monopoly price into the demand function:
q = (1200 - 200)/2 = 400
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A. The manager of a small business reported 30 days of profit which revealed that $200 was made on the first day, $210 on the second day, $220 on the third day and so on.
i. Determine the general rule that can be used to find the profit for each day. (2 marks)
ii. What is the difference between the profit made on the 17ℎ and 23 day? (3 marks
) iii. In total, calculate how much profit was made over the course of the 30 days if the profit follows the same pattern throughout the period.
i. The general rule to find the profit for each day is to add $10 to the profit of the previous day. ii. The difference between the profit made on the 17th and 23rd day is $60. iii. The total profit made over the course of 30 days.
i. Based on the information provided, the general rule to find the profit for each day is that the profit increases by $10 each day. This means that the profit for the first day is $200, for the second day is $200 + $10 = $210, for the third day is $210 + $10 = $220, and so on. The profit for each day can be calculated by adding $10 to the profit of the previous day.
ii. To find the difference between the profit made on the 17th and 23rd day, we need to calculate the profit on both days and subtract them. Using the general rule, the profit on the 17th day would be $200 + ($10 * 16) = $360. Similarly, the profit on the 23rd day would be $200 + ($10 * 22) = $420. The difference between these two profits is $420 - $360 = $60.
iii. To calculate the total profit made over the course of 30 days, we can use the arithmetic series formula. The first term (a) is $200, the common difference (d) is $10, and the number of terms (n) is 30. The formula for the sum of an arithmetic series is given by S = (n/2)(2a + (n-1)d). Plugging in the values, we have S = (30/2)(2*200 + (30-1)*10) = 15 * (400 + 290) = 15 * 690 = $10,350. Therefore, the total profit made over the course of 30 days, following the same pattern, is $10,350.
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A new waste truck is needed for a portion of the city. Compare the asset with the Benefit-Cost method? The interest rate is 8% Present value = $55,000 Annual cost $11,500 Annual savings $28,500 Salvage value = $6,800 Life in years = 10 O a. B/C=1.40 O b. B/C = 1.88 O c. B/C = 0.72 d.B/C=1.47
the Benefit-Cost ratio for the asset is 1.47.
To find,
Benefit-Cost (B/C) method.
Benefit = Annual savingsCost = Annual cost + Depreciation of asset
Annual savings = $28,500
Annual cost = $11,500
The annual cost with depreciation,
Depreciation = (Purchase price - Salvage value) / lifeDepreciation
= ($55,000 - $6,800) / 10
= $4,820
Annual cost = $11,500 + $4,820
= $16,320
Putting the given values into formula, B/C ratio is calculated as follows:
B/C = (Present value of benefit) / (Present value of cost)B/C
= [Annual savings / (1 + i) + Annual savings / (1 + i)2 + … + Annual savings / (1 + i)N ] / [Annual cost + Depreciation / (1 + i) + Depreciation / (1 + i)2 + … + Depreciation / (1 + i)N + Purchase price / (1 + i)N]
Where N = Life in years
=10i
= Interest rate=8%
Substituting the given values of annual savings, annual cost and depreciation into the formula,
B/C ratio = (28,500 / 1.08 + 28,500 / 1.082 + … + 28,500 / 1.0810) / (16,320 / 1.08 + 4,820 / 1.08 + 4,820 / 1.082 + … + 4,820 / 1.0810 + 55,000 / 1.0810)
On calculating the above expression, we get:
B/C = 1.47
Therefore, the Benefit-Cost ratio for the asset is 1.47.
Hence, option D is correct i.e. B/C = 1.47.
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Berry is selling a kayak at an auction advertised as without The highest bid was $250. Barry had hoped to get a bid of $400 or more. Can Barry refuse to sell to the highest bidder? Why or why not?
Barry cannot refuse to sell to the highest bidder. In an auction, when the seller announces that the item is without reserve, they are obligated to sell the item to the highest bidder regardless of the bid price.
Barry must sell the kayak to the highest bidder at the price of $250.Key points to remember about the auctions. Auctions are a public sale where goods are sold to the highest bidder. The items sold in the auction can be either new or used. Auctioning without reserve means that the seller is obligated to sell the item to the highest bidder regardless of the bid price. The buyer should be careful while placing the bid, because once the bid has been made, it cannot be withdrawn unless the auctioneer accepts it.
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Stokvel Traders (a registered VAT vendor) manufactures and sells
luxury goods. Stokvel Traders further provides certain marketing
and advertising services to clients in the tourism industry. The
perio
Stokvel Traders' involvement in the luxury goods market and provision of marketing services to the tourism industry indicate a focus on catering to affluent customers and assisting businesses in the tourism sector to reach their target audience effectively.
Apologies for the confusion. Since the specific period is not mentioned, I will provide a general overview of Stokvel Traders' activities in manufacturing and selling luxury goods and providing marketing and advertising services to clients in the tourism industry.
Stokvel Traders, as a registered VAT vendor, engages in the production and sale of luxury goods. These luxury goods can include high-end fashion items, premium accessories, luxury home decor, or any other products that cater to affluent customers seeking high-quality and exclusive items. Stokvel Traders focuses on maintaining a reputation for exceptional craftsmanship, design, and exclusivity to attract its target market.
In addition to manufacturing and selling luxury goods, Stokvel Traders also offers marketing and advertising services to clients in the tourism industry. These services can involve creating strategic marketing campaigns, designing visually appealing advertisements, managing social media presence, and organizing promotional events. The aim is to help tourism businesses attract more customers, enhance their brand image, and ultimately drive growth in their industry.
Stokvel Traders' involvement in the luxury goods market and provision of marketing services to the tourism industry indicate a focus on catering to affluent customers and assisting businesses in the tourism sector to reach their target audience effectively. By combining their manufacturing expertise and marketing capabilities, Stokvel Traders aims to establish itself as a reputable and influential player in the luxury goods and tourism marketing sectors.
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The period in which Stokvel Traders manufactures and sells luxury goods and provides marketing and advertising services to clients in the tourism industry is not mentioned in the question. Could you please provide the specific period you would like information about?
P sues D in negligence. At the trial, it is determined that P's negligence was 40%
responsible for P's injury, and D's negligence was 60% responsible. P's losses total $10,000. Under a pure comparative negligence system, P will recover:
Group of answer choices
$6000
Nothing
$10,000
$4000
Under a pure comparative negligence system, the amount of damages a plaintiff can recover is reduced based on the percentage of fault assigned to them. In the given scenario, the plaintiff (P) has total losses amounting to $10,000. However, they were found to be 40% responsible for their injury, while the defendant (D) was found to be 60% responsible.
In a pure comparative negligence system, P's recovery is determined by deducting their assigned percentage of fault from the total losses.
Therefore, P would be entitled to recover $6,000 ($10,000 - 40% of $10,000 = $6,000). This means that P's recoverable amount is reduced by their own level of responsibility.
Based on this understanding of pure comparative negligence, the correct option is that P will recover $6,000 in damages.
This calculation accounts for the allocation of fault and the application of the pure comparative negligence principle.
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Crashmore Airlines decides to crack down on theft at the organization. Unannounced random inspections of pilots and stewardesses carry on bags occur. Two employees are caught with excess bags of peanuts, and are discharged. However, they are reinstated by the court, most likely because O Crashmore did not gain employees consent for the search O an employee's right-to-privacy overrules an employer's right to protect its business O the search policy was not announced beforehand to the entire organization all the above O none of the above
According to the scenario given, the reason why the court reinstated the two employees caught with excess bags of peanuts, is that "an employee's right-to-privacy overrules an employer's right to protect its business".
The Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution protects individuals against unreasonable searches and seizures. It applies to both governmental and private organizations. In the given scenario, unannounced random inspections of pilots and stewardesses carry on bags occur and two employees are caught with excess bags of peanuts and discharged.
This is likely because the company did not gain the employees' consent for the search and, more importantly, an employee's right to privacy overrules an employer's right to protect its business. Therefore, the answer to the question is that "an employee's right-to-privacy overrules an employer's right to protect its business".
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Visit the website of Red Bull ( ). What is the
perceived Red Bull’s brand personality and how does it influence
consumer behaviour?
Red Bull's brand personality is perceived as adventurous, young, and energetic. The brand's personality is rooted in its slogan, "Red Bull gives you wings," which implies that it provides consumers with the energy and motivation they need to achieve their goals.
Influence of Red Bull’s brand personality on consumer behavior
The perceived brand personality of Red Bull plays a significant role in consumer behavior.
Consumers who are attracted to the brand's personality tend to be adventurous, youthful, and highly active.
As a result, they are more likely to engage in extreme sports or other high-intensity activities that require a lot of energy.
Red Bull's branding encourages consumers to live life to the fullest by promoting its energy-boosting effects and associating itself with extreme sports and other high-energy activities.
Overall, Red Bull's brand personality is a key factor in the company's marketing success. By aligning its branding with consumers' desire for adventure and high-energy lifestyles, Red Bull has been able to establish itself as a leading brand in the energy drink market.
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Immigration should be kept as low as possible because it has very little benefits but is ultimately detrimental for the native-born workers. Discuss-support your answer with graphical illustration(s)
The argument suggests that immigration should be limited due to minimal benefits and potential harm to native-born workers. This viewpoint will be further discussed and supported with graphical illustrations.
The claim that immigration has limited benefits and is detrimental to native-born workers is a contentious topic with varying perspectives. One way to analyze the impact of immigration on native-born workers is through labor market analysis. According to economic theory, an increase in the labor supply due to immigration may lead to a decrease in wages for native-born workers, especially in industries where immigrants are concentrated. This can be illustrated graphically with a downward shift in the demand for labor curve, resulting in lower wages.
However, it's important to note that the overall impact of immigration on the economy is complex and multifaceted. While there may be short-term labor market effects, research also suggests that immigration can have positive long-term effects on economic growth, innovation, and productivity. Additionally, immigrants can contribute to filling labor market gaps, boosting entrepreneurship, and enhancing cultural diversity, which can have broader societal benefits. It is crucial to consider a comprehensive analysis that incorporates both the potential costs and benefits of immigration to form a well-informed perspective on the issue.
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Suppose ADI Corporation's Break-even sales volume is $450,000 with fixed costs of $200,000. a. Compute for the Contribution Margin Percentage b. Compute for the selling price if variable costs are $12
Answer: a. To compute the Contribution Margin Percentage, we need to determine the contribution margin and divide it by the total sales.
Explanation:
Contribution Margin = Total Sales - Variable Costs
Given that the Break-even sales volume is $450,000 and the fixed costs are $200,000, we can calculate the contribution margin as follows:
Contribution Margin = $450,000 - $200,000
Contribution Margin = $250,000
To compute the Contribution Margin Percentage, we divide the contribution margin by the total sales and multiply by 100:
Contribution Margin Percentage = (Contribution Margin / Total Sales) * 100
Contribution Margin Percentage = ($250,000 / $450,000) * 100
Contribution Margin Percentage ≈ 55.56%
b. To compute the selling price, we need to consider the variable costs and the desired contribution margin. Since the contribution margin is the difference between the selling price and the variable costs per unit, we can calculate the selling price as follows:
Selling Price = Variable Costs + Contribution Margin per Unit
Given that the variable costs are $12, and we know the contribution margin is 55.56%, we can calculate the contribution margin per unit as follows:
Contribution Margin per Unit = Selling Price - Variable Costs
To find the selling price, we rearrange the equation:
Selling Price = Variable Costs + Contribution Margin per Unit
Substituting the values:
Selling Price = $12 + ($12 * 0.5556)
Selling Price ≈ $18.67
Therefore, the selling price, if the variable costs are $12, would be approximately $18.67 per unit.
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the time value of money is important for three reasons. these three reasons are:
Understanding the time value of money is essential in making sound financial decisions. It allows us to analyze and compare different investment opportunities, assess the profitability of projects, and accurately value financial assets.
The time value of money is a fundamental concept in finance, and it is important for three key reasons. Firstly, it explains how the value of money changes over time due to inflation or interest rates. This is important because it enables individuals and businesses to make informed decisions about investment and borrowing. Secondly, it helps to calculate the present value of future cash flows, which is crucial in determining the profitability of projects or investments. Lastly, it helps in determining the fair price of financial assets such as stocks, bonds, and options, by factoring in the time value of money.
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An investment manager is considering stocks X1, X2, and X3 for investment. Market research shows the following information (per stock)
X1
X2
X3
cost $100
risk measure 8
price annual growth rate: 9%
annual return: $14
cost $120
risk measure 10
price annual growth rate: 13%
annual return: $15
cost $80
risk measure 7
price annual growth rate: 8%
annual return: $20
Based on his experience, the manager has set the following priorities for the investment:
(1) The total amount invested should be at least $90,000. (d1)
(2) The minimum annual average growth rate in stock prices is 12%. (d2)
(3) The risk factor of all stocks should not exceed an average of 5. (d3)
(4) The total annual return should be $15,000. (d4)
The goal programming objective function can be written as:
Min P1d1+, P2d2+, P3d3-, P4d4-
Min P1d1-, P2d2-, P3d3-, P4d4-
Min P1d1-, P2d2-, P3d3+, P4d4-
Min P1d1-, P2d2-, P3d3+, P4d4+
Min P1d1+, P2d2-, P3d3+, P4d4
He can invest the entire amount, $90,000 in X2 and $10,000 in X1.
Let X1, X2, and X3 be the stock options being considered. Their characteristics are given below:X1: Cost = $100
Risk measure = 8
Price annual growth rate = 9%
Annual return = $14X2:
Cost = $120
Risk measure = 10
Price annual growth rate = 13%
Annual return = $15X3: Cost = $80
Risk measure = 7
Price annual growth rate = 8%
Annual return = $20
The investment manager has established the following priorities:
Total amount invested must be $90,000 or more.
Minimum annual average growth rate in stock prices is 12%.
The average risk factor of all stocks should not exceed 5.
Total annual return should be $15,000.
The objective function for goal programming is as follows:
Min P1d1+, P2d2+, P3d3-, P4d4-Min P1d1-, P2d2-, P3d3-, P4d4-Min P1d1-, P2d2-, P3d3+, P4d4-Min P1d1-, P2d2-, P3d3+, P4d4+Min P1d1+, P2d2-, P3d3+, P4d4
Solution:X1 X2 X3
Total Cost 100 120 80 300
Risk measure 8 10 7 25
Price annual growth rate 9% 13% 8% —Annual return 14 15 20 —Let X be the amount invested in each stock.
Then, the objective function is Min P1d1+, P2d2+, P3d3-, P4d4-(X1 + X2 + X3) ≥ 90,000 … (1)0.09X1 + 0.13X2 + 0.08X3 ≥ 0.12(X1 + X2 + X3) … (2)8/25 X1 + 10/25 X2 + 7/25 X3 ≤ 5 … (3)0.14X1 + 0.15X2 + 0.20X3 = 15,000 … (4)
The objective function to be minimized is: P1d1+, P2d2+, P3d3-, P4d4-.
Substituting (1), (2), and (3) in the objective function, we getP1(90000 - X1 - X2 - X3)+ P2(0.12(X1 + X2 + X3) - 0.09X1 - 0.13X2 - 0.08X3)+ P3(5 - 8/25 X1 - 10/25 X2 - 7/25 X3) - P4(15000 - 0.14X1 - 0.15X2 - 0.20X3)
Simplifying and rearranging, we get0.34P1 X1 + 0.22P2 X1 - 0.20P2 X2 - 0.12P3 X1 + 0.10P3 X2 - 0.28P3 X3 + 0.14P4 X1 + 0.15P4 X2 + 0.20P4 X3 ≤ 15000 - 90000 P1 + 0.12P2 + 5P3 + 15000 P4
The objective function for this is Min P1d1+, P2d2+, P3d3-, P4d4-. The investment manager needs to invest in X1 and X2. He can invest the entire amount, $90,000 in X2 and $10,000 in X1.
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A company’s fixed costs are $60,000 and variable costs per unit are $4. The sales price is $10. The company sold 12,000 units. Which of the following is the company’s margin of safety percentage? 10% 15% 20% 30%
The margin of safety represents the difference between the actual sales level and the breakeven point, indicating the cushion or buffer the company has in terms of sales volume.
To calculate the margin of safety, we need to determine the breakeven point and actual sales. The breakeven point is the level of sales at which the company covers all its costs, resulting in zero profit or loss.
Given the fixed costs of $60,000, variable costs per unit of $4, and a sales price of $10, we can calculate the breakeven point. The breakeven point in units can be calculated as fixed costs divided by the contribution margin per unit, where the contribution margin is the difference between the sales price and variable costs per unit.
Once we have the breakeven point, we can compare it to the actual sales volume of 12,000 units. The margin of safety percentage is calculated by dividing the difference between actual sales and the breakeven point by actual sales and multiplying by 100.
In this case, the company's margin of safety percentage is 30%. This indicates that the company's sales volume is 30% above the breakeven point, providing a comfortable cushion or margin for unexpected changes or fluctuations in sales.
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