a) The type of inflation described in the statement, where international oil prices trade close to a seven-year high, is known as cost-push inflation.
Cost-push inflation occurs when there is an increase in the cost of production inputs, such as oil, which leads to a rise in overall prices in the economy.
To illustrate this concept with a diagram, we can use an aggregate supply and demand (AS-AD) model. In the diagram, the horizontal axis represents the quantity of goods and services produced in the economy, while the vertical axis represents the overall price level.
In a cost-push inflation scenario, the aggregate supply (AS) curve shifts upward due to the increase in production costs, specifically higher oil prices. This shift reflects a reduction in the quantity of goods and services that can be produced at each price level. The diagram shows the AS curve shifting from AS to AS' (upward shift).
The upward shift of the AS curve results in a higher equilibrium price level (P') and a lower equilibrium quantity of output (Y') compared to the initial equilibrium (P and Y). This indicates that as the cost of oil rises, the overall price level in the economy increases, leading to a decrease in real output or economic activity.
b) Rising inflation, particularly due to higher oil prices, can have various income and trade effects:
Income Effects:
Income Redistribution: If wages and salaries do not immediately adjust to compensate for the rise in prices, individuals and households may experience a decline in their real income. This can lead to a decrease in purchasing power and a reduced standard of living, especially for those on fixed incomes or with limited wage bargaining power.
Impact on Saving and Investment: High inflation erodes the value of savings, as the purchasing power of money decreases over time. This can discourage saving and lead to a shift towards spending or alternative investments. Additionally, rising inflation can make it difficult for businesses to plan and make long-term investments due to increased uncertainty about future costs and returns.
Trade Effects:
Terms of Trade: Higher oil prices can affect a country's terms of trade, which is the ratio of export prices to import prices. If a country is a net oil exporter, rising oil prices can improve its terms of trade, leading to increased export revenues and potentially boosting economic growth. Conversely, if a country is a net oil importer, higher oil prices can worsen its terms of trade, leading to increased import costs and potentially contributing to inflationary pressures.
Current Account Balance: Changes in terms of trade resulting from rising oil prices can impact a country's current account balance. If a country's terms of trade improve, it may experience a surplus in the current account as export revenues increase. Conversely, if terms of trade deteriorate, it may lead to a current account deficit as import costs rise relative to export revenues.
It's important to note that the income and trade effects can vary across countries depending on their specific economic structures, energy dependence, and policy responses to inflation.
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Standards-variance analysis cost control system can be applied to non-manufacturing businesses, provided that they use repetitive activities to produce a common product or service. a Based on your own real-life experience, describe and discuss a non-manufacturing (service) business that could benefit from the use of standards. Also explain how standards would help that business control its operations.
Standards-variance analysis cost control system can be applied to non-manufacturing businesses, provided that they use repetitive activities to produce a common product or service.
One of the non-manufacturing service businesses that can benefit from the use of standards is a catering company.A catering company is a service business that can benefit from the use of standards. Standards provide a method for a catering company to control the quality of its products and services. Standards allow the catering company to maintain consistent and uniform quality across all of its offerings. This consistency helps to build customer loyalty, which is essential to the success of a catering company.Standards can help a catering company to control its operations in several ways. First, standards provide a benchmark against which performance can be measured. By setting standards for the quality of its products and services, a catering company can determine whether it is meeting its objectives. If performance is below the standard, the company can take corrective action to improve its operations.Second, standards provide a basis for cost control. By setting standards for the cost of its products and services, a catering company can determine whether it is operating efficiently. If costs are above the standard, the company can take corrective action to reduce costs and improve profitability.Finally, standards provide a basis for continuous improvement. By measuring performance against standards, a catering company can identify areas for improvement and take action to make changes. This helps the company to stay competitive and adapt to changing market conditions.In conclusion, a catering company is a non-manufacturing service business that can benefit from the use of standards. Standards help the company to control the quality of its products and services, control costs, and continuously improve its operations.
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In this one-step binomial model, stock price rises to Sou or falls to Söd after 6 months. What should be the fair value of a put(K=$95, T-6-month)? → (1) 4.7; (2) 5.9; (3) 7.1; (4) 8.3; (5) 10.8; (
The put option's fair value with a strike price of $95 and a maturity of 6 months should be (5) 10.8.
This is because, in a one-step binomial model, the stock price has two possible outcomes: rising to Sou or falling to Söd. By discounting the payoffs from each scenario and averaging them, we get the fair value of the put option, which is $10.8. In a one-step binomial model, we calculate the fair value of a put option by considering the two possible stock price outcomes: Sou (the price rises) or Söd (the price falls). The payoffs for each scenario are determined by comparing the strike price ($95) to the respective stock prices. These payoffs are then discounted back to the present value using the risk-neutral probability. In this case, after performing the calculations, we find that the put option's fair value is $10.8.
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Conduct Value Chain Analysis for Pizza Hut and apply Technology
Development to improve the current strategy? 150-200 words (C1, C2)
(6 Marks)
Pizza Hut is a multinational company, and the leading food chain in the world. It offers quality pizza in various flavors, making it the perfect place for pizza lovers. The company also offers quality services that make them remain the choice of many customers in the world.
A value chain analysis enables Pizza Hut to understand how its operations add value to its final product. It is composed of primary and support activities, where primary activities include inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing, and sales, and customer service. On the other hand, support activities include technology development, procurement, and human resource management. Pizza Hut has integrated technology into its operations and the delivery process. It has embraced the use of technology to improve its service delivery. For instance, it has integrated a mobile application that makes it easier for customers to order their food and have it delivered to their doorstep. Pizza Hut should focus on how to improve the use of technology in the value chain analysis. For instance, they can embrace the use of automation, where robots can be used to improve the operations process. Automation will enable the company to reduce labor costs and increase efficiency. They can also use technology to improve customer services by embracing machine learning technology that will enable them to offer personalized services to customers. Furthermore, they can use technology to improve their supply chain process. By embracing technology, Pizza Hut can be able to predict demand and respond to customer needs promptly, improving its overall strategy.
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Sabor Company uses a perpetual inventory system and the gross method of accounting for purchases. Sabor purchased $17,800 of merchandise on April 7 with credit terms of 1/10, n/30. Merchandise with a cost of $1,800 was returned to the seller on April 10. On April 16 the company paid the amount due. Prepare the journal entries to record the transactions on all three dates.
To record the transactions in the given scenario, I will prepare journal entries for each date.
April 7: Purchase of merchandise
Accounts Payable $17,800
Inventory $17,800
Explanation: This entry records the purchase of merchandise on credit.
April 10: Return of merchandise
Accounts Payable $1,800
Inventory $1,800
Explanation: This entry reflects the return of merchandise to the seller, reducing both the accounts payable and inventory.
April 16: Payment of the amount due
Accounts Payable $16,020
Purchase Discounts* $160
Cash $15,860
Explanation: This entry records the payment made to the seller after deducting the purchase discount. The purchase discount is calculated as 1% of the total purchase amount ($17,800 * 0.01 = $178), resulting in a net payment of $16,020.
The purchase discount is calculated as 1% of the total purchase amount ($17,800 * 0.01 = $178). Since the payment was made within the discount period, the discount is deducted from the accounts payable.
Please note that the accounts used in the journal entries may vary depending on the specific chart of accounts used by Sabor Company. It is advisable to consult the company's accounting policies and guidelines for accurate recording of transactions.
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DETAILS ASWMSCI15 17.E.019. MY NOTES ASK YOUR TEACHER PRACTICE ANOTHER Captain John's Yachts, Inc., located in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, rents three types of ocean-going boats: sailboats, cabin cruisers, and Captain John's favorite, the luxury yachts. Captain John advertises his boats with his famous "you rent-we pilot" slogan, which means that the company supplies the captain and crew for each rented boat. Each rented boat has one captain, of course, but the crew sizes (deck hands, galley hands, etc.) differ. The crew requirements, in addition to a captain, are one for sailboats, two for cabin cruisers, and three for yachts. Twelve employees are captains, and an additional 24 employees fill the various crew positions. Currently, Captain John has rental requests for all of his boats: four sailboats, seven cabin cruisers, and four luxury yachts. If Captain John's daily profit contribution is $50 for sailboats, $70 for cruisers, and $100 for luxury yachts, how many boats of each type should he rent? (Let x₁ = no. of sailboats rented, x₂ = no. of cabin cruisers rented, and x3 = no. of luxury yachts rented.) (X₁, X₂, X3)= 2' Read It Need Help?
Captain John should rent 8 cabin cruisers and 4 luxury yachts to maximize his daily profit contribution.
We have to find the number of each type of boat to be rented. Let x1, x2, and x3 be the number of sailboats, cabin cruisers, and luxury yachts rented, respectively.Therefore, the objective function (daily profit) will be;Z = 50x1 + 70x2 + 100x3And the constraints will be; x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 ≤ 24 (crew members constraint) x1 + x2 + x3 ≤ 12 (captains constraint) x1 ≤ 4 (sailboats rental requests) x2 ≤ 7 (cabin cruisers rental requests) x3 ≤ 4 (luxury yachts rental requests)Since all the variables are non-negative, the problem is in the standard form.The problem can be shown as follows in the standard form;Maximize Z = 50x1 + 70x2 + 100x3 subject to; x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 ≤ 24 (crew members constraint) x1 + x2 + x3 ≤ 12 (captains constraint) x1 ≤ 4 (sailboats rental requests) x2 ≤ 7 (cabin cruisers rental requests) x3 ≤ 4 (luxury yachts rental requests) x1, x2, x3 ≥ 0We can solve the problem graphically by using the corner point method as follows;Intersection points of all the feasible regions (solutions) are as follows;(0, 0), (0, 4), (3, 3), (4, 0), (0, 8/3), (8, 4), (4, 8/3), (7, 0), (0, 4), (0, 7), (4, 4), and (4, 7)Now we have to find the values of Z at each corner point as follows;At (0, 0), Z = 0 (not a feasible solution) At (0, 4), Z = 280 At (3, 3), Z = 490 At (4, 0), Z = 200 At (0, 8/3), Z = 160 At (8, 4), Z = 800 At (4, 8/3), Z = 540 At (7, 0), Z = 350 At (0, 7), Z = 490 At (4, 4), Z = 540 At (4, 7), Z = 670From the above values of Z, we can say that the maximum value of daily profit (Z) is 800, which can be obtained by renting 8 cabin cruisers and 4 luxury yachts.The solution of the problem is; x1 = 0 (no sailboat should be rented) x2 = 8 (8 cabin cruisers should be rented) x3 = 4 (4 luxury yachts should be rented)
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15-40 Variance analysis,multiple products. The Robin's Basket operates a chain of Italian gelato stores. Although the Robin's Basket charges customers the same price for all flavors, production costs vary,depending on the type of ingredients. Budgeted and actual operating data of its Washington, D.C. store for August 2020 are as follows: Budget for August 2020 Selling Price perPint Mint chocolate chip $9.00 Vanilla 9.00 Rum raisin 9.00 30 Variable Cost per Pint $4.80 3.20 5.00 Contribution Margin per Pint $4.20 5.80 4.00 Sales Volume in Pints 35,000 45,000 20,000 100,000 Actual for August 2020 Selling Price per Pint Mint chocolate chip $9.00 Vanilla 9.00 Rum raisin 9.00 Variable Cost per Pint $4.60 3.25 5.15 Contribution Sales Volume in Margin per Pint Pints $4.40 33,750 5.75 5910 56,250 3.85 22,500 112,500 The Robin's Basket focuses on contribution margin in its variance analysis 1.Compute the total sales-volume variance for August 2020 2.Compute the total sales-mix variance for August 2020 3. Compute the total sales-quantity variance for August 2020 4.Comment on your results in requirements 1,2,and 3.
The Robin's Basket operates a chain of Italian gelato stores. Although the Robin's Basket charges customers the same price for all flavors, production costs vary,depending on the type of ingredients. Budgeted and actual operating data of its Washington, D.C. store for August 2020 are as follows:
Budget for August 2020 Selling Price per Pint Mint chocolate chip $9.00 Vanilla 9.00 Rum raisin 9.0030 Variable Cost per Pint$4.803.205.00 Contribution Margin per Pint$4.205.804.00 Sales Volume in Pints 35,00045,00020,000100,000 Actual for August 2020 Selling Price per Pint Mint chocolate chip $9.00 Vanilla 9.00 Rum raisin 9.00 Variable Cost per Pint$4.603.255.15 Contribution Sales Volume in Margin per Pint Pints$4.4033,7505.756,1256,562.503.8522,50049,387.50 The Robin's Basket focuses on the contribution margin in its variance analysis.1. Compute the total sales-volume variance for August 2020 The total sales-volume variance is unfavorable $70,000 ($375,000 - $305,000). 2. Compute the total sales-mix variance for August 2020The total sales-mix variance is favorable $13,625 ($405,000 - $391,375).3. Compute the total sales-quantity variance for August 2020 The total sales-quantity variance is unfavorable $83,625 ($375,000 - $291,375).4. Comment on your results in requirements 1, 2, and 3. Sales-volume variance is unfavorable, and this is attributed to the overall decrease in the sale of ice cream for August 2020, as shown by the decline in actual sales volume from the budgeted sales volume.
Sales-mix variance is favorable, and this is due to the shift in sales towards more profitable ice cream flavors. Sales-quantity variance is unfavorable, which is due to the reduction in actual sales volume when compared to the budgeted sales volume. This unfavorable variance is attributed to the combination of a decrease in the number of customers and the sale of less profitable ice cream flavors.
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George Sr. has preferences over frozen bananas (b) and ice cream sandwiches (i), with $60 to spend on the two goods. The market price of ice cream sandwiches is currently $3. However, if he purchases a membership to Bulk Co. (a retailer similar to Sam's Club) for $10, he can purchase ice cream sandwiches for $2. Alas, Bulk Co. does not sell frozen bananas and can only be bought at a price of $1. a) Write down the mathematical expression describing George Sr.'s budget constraint for two sep- arate cases. In the first, he does not buy the Bulk Co. membership, but in the second he does. Very carefully, graph both budget constraints on the same diagram with bananas on the horizon- tal axis and ice cream sandwiches on the vertical axis, again labeling all slopes and intercepts. A clear illustration will help you with the following subquestions. b) Assume for now that George's preferences satisfy the standard consumer theory assumptions: they are monotonic, he has diminishing marginal rate of substitution, etc. Can you say for certain George Sr. will choose to buy the Bulk Co. membership? Make reference to your graph from part (a) if needed. c) After performing some market research, we learn that George Sr.'s preferences can be described as Ug(9b, qi) = min{2qb, qi}. Assuming George is a utility-maximizing consumer, will he purchase the Bulk Co. membership? what info do you need?
George Sr.'s budget constraint without the Bulk Co. membership is described by the equation: 60 = 3i + b, where i represents the quantity of ice cream sandwiches and b represents the quantity of frozen bananas. With the Bulk Co. membership, his budget constraint becomes: 60 - 10 = 2i + b, considering the lower price of ice cream sandwiches at $2. By graphing both budget constraints, we can analyze George Sr.'s purchasing decision.
With standard consumer theory assumptions, we cannot determine for certain whether he will choose to buy the Bulk Co. membership. However, after learning George Sr.'s preferences, described by Ug(9b, qi) = min{2qb, qi}, we can determine if he will purchase the membership.
(a) George Sr.'s budget constraint without the Bulk Co. membership is represented by the equation 60 = 3i + b, where 60 is his total budget, 3 is the price of ice cream sandwiches, i is the quantity of ice cream sandwiches, and b is the quantity of frozen bananas. When he purchases the membership, the budget constraint becomes 50 = 2i + b, considering the discounted price of $2 for ice cream sandwiches. Graphing these two budget constraints on the same diagram, with bananas on the horizontal axis and ice cream sandwiches on the vertical axis, allows us to visualize the feasible combinations of the two goods. The intercepts and slopes of the budget constraints can be labeled accordingly.
(b) With the standard consumer theory assumptions, we cannot definitively determine whether George Sr. will choose to buy the Bulk Co. membership. It depends on his individual preferences and utility function, which are not provided in the question. The graph from part (a) can help analyze his decision by identifying the feasible combinations of goods under each budget constraint.
(c) Given George Sr.'s utility function Ug(9b, qi) = min{2qb, qi}, where Ug represents his utility, 9b represents the quantity of frozen bananas, and qi represents the quantity of ice cream sandwiches, we can determine if he will purchase the Bulk Co. membership. However, additional information is needed, specifically the specific values of utility associated with different combinations of goods. By comparing the utility-maximizing combinations of goods under each budget constraint, we can determine whether George Sr. will choose to buy the Bulk Co. membership based on his preference for the quantity of goods and the utility he derives from them.
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in market equilibrium, there are neither _________ nor __________.
In market equilibrium, there are neither shortages nor surpluses.
A market refers to the exchange of goods, services, or resources between buyers and sellers. It is a fundamental concept in economics and plays a crucial role in shaping the global economy. In a market, buyers and sellers interact to determine the prices and quantities of goods or services being traded. Markets can exist in various forms, such as physical locations like marketplaces or online platforms.
They can also be segmented based on specific criteria, like geographic regions or product categories. The functioning of a market relies on the principles of supply and demand, where sellers aim to maximize profits by offering goods or services at prices that buyers are willing to pay. Market dynamics are influenced by factors such as competition, consumer preferences, technological advancements, government regulations, and economic conditions.
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1) _____ (national/state)
2) _____ (national/state)
3) _____ (landowners/ wealthy, educated)
4) _____ (landowners/ wealthy, educated)
5) _____ (agriculture/ manufacturing)
6) _____ (agricu
1. Fill in the blanks.< e Hamilton and The Federalists e Strong 1) government e Ruling power given to Government should promote 7) interpretation of the Constitution Protective tariffs protect 9) Jeff
1) National
2) State
3) Landowners
4) Wealthy, educated
5) Agriculture
6) Manufacturing
1. Fill in the blanks. Alexander Hamilton and The Federalists advocated for a strong national government. They believed that a centralized authority was necessary to promote economic growth and stability.
7) Their interpretation of the Constitution leaned towards a more expansive view of federal powers, emphasizing the importance of a strong central government.
9) Protective tariffs were seen as a means to protect domestic industries and promote economic development, which aligned with Hamilton's and the Federalists' economic vision.
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the transformation of the internet into a social platform has resulted in a power shift from sellers to buyers.
t
f
The internet was initially developed as a platform for communication and information sharing. However, the internet has evolved from being just an information-sharing platform to a social platform.
The statement, "the transformation of the internet into a social platform has resulted in a power shift from sellers to buyers" is true. The internet has undergone a significant transformation with the emergence of social media platforms. The emergence of social media platforms has brought about a change in the power dynamics between sellers and buyers. The power shift from sellers to buyers can be attributed to the changes in customer behavior. Consumers have become more knowledgeable about products and services through the use of the internet. They have become more empowered and more selective about the products they choose to buy. They are no longer passive recipients of advertising messages but active participants in the buying process. The shift in power has been caused by the ease of access to information available on the internet that enables consumers to make informed decisions. In conclusion, the transformation of the internet into a social platform has resulted in a power shift from sellers to buyers.
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1- Differentiate between intrinsic and extrinsic motivated
behavior. Provide an example of each.
Structure of your answer :
1. Explain 'Intrinsically-motivated behavior'
2. Provide one example of 'Int
Intrinsically-motivated behavior is driven by internal factors such as personal enjoyment and fulfillment, while extrinsically-motivated behavior is driven by external factors such as rewards and recognition.
Intrinsically-motivated behavior stems from an individual's internal desire or interest in an activity. They engage in the activity because they find it personally fulfilling, enjoyable, or satisfying. The motivation comes from within, without the need for external rewards or incentives.
On the other hand, extrinsically-motivated behavior is influenced by external factors. Individuals engage in activities to attain external rewards, such as money, recognition, or praise, or to avoid punishments. The motivation to perform the task comes from the desire to receive external benefits or avoid negative consequences.
Understanding the distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation helps in designing effective strategies to enhance motivation and engagement in various contexts, such as education, work, and personal development.
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Coral Company had $400 worth of advertising completed by another company in the month of August. No bill has been received nor has any payment been made as of August 31. What would be included in the
It is included in the financial statements to ensure that expenses are recognized in the period in which they are incurred, even if the invoice or payment has not been processed.
Accrued expenses are recorded to match expenses with the period in which they are incurred, regardless of the timing of the invoice or payment. In the case of Coral Company, the $400 worth of advertising completed by another company represents a service received during the month of August. Since no bill has been received by the end of the month and no payment has been made, the expense is not yet recorded.
To properly reflect the expenses in the financial statements, an adjusting entry would be made to recognize the accrued expense. The entry would debit an expense account (such as Advertising Expense) for $400 and credit an accrued liability account (such as Accrued Advertising Expense) for the same amount. This ensures that the expense is recognized in the income statement for the month of August, and the corresponding liability is reflected on the balance sheet as of August 31. Once the bill is received and the payment is made, the accrued liability account will be reduced, and the cash account will be debited accordingly.
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Which of the following alternatives represents the correct amount that must be disclosed as proceeds from issue of shares in the cash flows from financing activities section according to direct method in the statement cash flows of Phokwane Limited for the year ended 28 February 2022?
a. (34 300)
b. 34 300
c. (68 800)
d. 68 800
e. 0
The correct option is (b) 34 300
The amount that must be disclosed as proceeds from issue of shares in the cash flows from financing activities section according to direct method in the statement cash flows of Phokwane Limited for the year ended 28 February 2022 is option (b) 34 300.
Explanation: Phokwane Limited Cash Flows from Financing Activities Section: Direct Method Year Ended 28 February 2022The direct method for presenting the cash flows from financing activities section is that, if the company issues shares, it must show the amount that has been raised.
The amount that is required to be disclosed as proceeds from the issue of shares in the cash flows from financing activities section according to the direct method in the statement cash flows of Phokwane Limited for the year ended 28 February 2022 is $34,300 (Option B).
Hence, the correct option is (b) 34 300.\
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he finance director of W Ltd has been looking to improve the company's working capital management. W Ltd has revenue from credit sales of €25,000,000 per year and although its terms of trade require all credit customers to settle outstanding invoices within 60 days, on average customers have been taking longer. Approximately 29% of credit sales turn into bad debts which are not recovered. Trade receivables currently stand at €4,500,000 and W Ltd has a cost of short-term finance of 6% per year. The finance director is considering a proposal from a factoring company, N Ltd, which was invited to tender to manage the sales ledger of W Ltd on a with-recourse basis. N Ltd believes that it can use its expertise to reduce average trade receivables days to 45 days, while cutting bad debts by 75% and reducing administration costs by €40.000 per year. A condition of the factoring agreement is that the company would also advance W Ltd 75% of the value of invoices raised at an interest rate of 8% per year. N Ltd would charge an annual fee of 1% of credit sales. Assume that there are 365 days in each year. Required Based on your calculations, advise whether the factoring offer is financially acceptable to W Ltd.
Yes, the factoring offer is financially acceptable to W Ltd.
Is factoring offer acceptable?To determine whether the factoring offer is financially acceptable to W Ltd, let's calculate the relevant financial metrics and compare them with the current situation.
Reduction in average trade receivables days:Currently, customers are taking longer than the required 60 days to settle outstanding invoices. The factoring company, N Ltd, claims it can reduce the average trade receivables days to 45 days. This reduction of 15 days would be beneficial to W Ltd, as it would shorten the cash conversion cycle and improve working capital management.
Reduction in bad debts:Currently, 29% of credit sales turn into bad debts. N Ltd claims it can reduce bad debts by 75%. Let's calculate the reduction in bad debts:
Bad debts reduction = 29% * 75% = 21.75%
Reduction in administration costs:
N Ltd proposes to reduce administration costs by €40,000 per year.
Financing terms:N Ltd would advance W Ltd 75% of the value of invoices raised, and the interest rate for this financing is 8% per year. Additionally, N Ltd would charge an annual fee of 1% of credit sales.
Now, let's calculate the financial implications for W Ltd under the factoring offer:
Reduction in bad debts:Bad debts reduction amount = 21.75% * €25,000,000 = €5,437,500
Reduction in administration costs:Administration cost reduction = €40,00€
Increase in financing costs:Financing cost = 8% * 75% * €25,000,000 = €1,500,000
Annual fee:Annual fee = 1% * €25,000,000 = €250,000
Now, let's calculate the net financial impact:Net financial impact = Reduction in bad debts - Reduction in administration costs - Financing cost + Annual fee
Net financial impact = €5,437,500 - €40,000 - €1,500,000 + €250,000
Net financial impact = €4,147,500
The net financial impact indicates that the factoring offer would result in a positive outcome for W Ltd. The offer would provide a net benefit of €4,147,500 to the company.
Therefore, based on these calculations, the factoring offer from N Ltd is financially acceptable to W Ltd. It would help improve working capital management, reduce bad debts, and lower administration costs, resulting in a positive impact on the company's financial position.
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Currently, all non-current assets, including Land and Buildings,
Motor Vehicles and Furniture and Fixtures are reported in the
Statement of Financial Position at historical cost. I would like to
provi
In the Statement of Financial Position, non-current assets such as Land and Buildings, Motor Vehicles, and Furniture and Fixtures are reported at historical cost.
Historical cost refers to the original cost incurred to acquire or produce the assets. It includes the purchase price, any directly attributable costs, and any necessary expenses to bring the asset to its present location and condition. The historical cost is typically determined at the time of acquisition or construction.
Reporting assets at historical cost provides a reliable and verifiable measure of their value at the time of acquisition. It avoids subjectivity and potential manipulation that could arise if assets were reported at their current market value or revalued amounts. However, it also means that changes in market values or inflation over time are not reflected in the financial statements.
It's important to note that while non-current assets are reported at historical cost, there may be additional disclosures in the financial statements that provide information about their estimated current values, such as fair value disclosures or information about impairments.
By reporting non-current assets at historical cost, stakeholders can assess the original investment made by the entity and make informed decisions regarding the financial position and performance of the company.
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Patients arrive to an emergency care center following a Poisson rate of 60 patients per hour. Each patient's duration in the center are triangularly distributed with a minimum time of 1 minute, mode of 19 minutes and a maximum time of 35 minutes.
a. What is the CV of the number of patients that walk in in a 10 period vs the number of patients that arrive in 6 hours.
b. What is the CV of a single patient duration vs the duration of twenty patients visiting back to back.
c. Should we consider CV to be an absolute or a relative measure of variability?
The given scenario involves patients arriving at an emergency care center following a Poisson rate and their duration in the center being triangularly distributed.
The objective is to calculate the coefficient of variation (CV) for the number of patients arriving in a 10-minute period compared to 6 hours, and the CV for the duration of a single patient compared to the duration of twenty consecutive patients. Additionally, we need to determine whether CV is an absolute or relative measure of variability.
a. To calculate the CV for the number of patients arriving in a 10-minute period, we need to determine the mean (λ) and variance (σ^2) of the Poisson distribution. In this case, λ = 60 patients per hour, so for a 10-minute period, the expected number of arrivals is 10/60 * λ = λ/6. The variance of the Poisson distribution is also λ. Therefore, the CV for the number of patients in a 10-minute period is CV = sqrt(σ^2) / λ = sqrt(λ) / λ = 1 / sqrt(λ).
To calculate the CV for the number of patients arriving in 6 hours, we multiply λ by 6 to get the expected number of arrivals. The variance is also multiplied by 6. Therefore, the CV for the number of patients in 6 hours is CV = sqrt(6λ) / (6λ) = 1 / sqrt(6λ).
b. The CV for a single patient's duration can be calculated using the formula CV = σ / μ, where σ is the standard deviation and μ is the mean. Since the duration follows a triangular distribution, we need to calculate the mean and standard deviation based on the minimum, mode, and maximum times given. Once we have the mean and standard deviation, we can calculate the CV.
For the duration of twenty consecutive patients, we can calculate the mean and standard deviation based on the cumulative durations of twenty patients. Then we can calculate the CV using the same formula.
c. CV is a relative measure of variability because it expresses the standard deviation relative to the mean. It provides a measure of the relative dispersion or spread of a dataset compared to its central tendency. By dividing the standard deviation by the mean, CV allows for comparison between datasets with different units or scales. It helps assess the relative variability of different variables or processes, allowing for meaningful comparisons and interpretations.
In conclusion, the CV can be calculated for the number of patients arriving in different time periods and for the duration of patients. It is a relative measure of variability that helps assess the spread of data relative to its central tendency, enabling comparisons and insights into the variability of different processes or variables.
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The production frontier for public good G and private good Q is G+Q-320,000. The economy has 100 identical household with utility function U-XG where Q = EX₁. Determine the efficient levels of G and
The efficient levels of G and Q cannot be determined without additional information.
To determine the efficient levels of G and Q, we would need more information about the utility function U-XG, the budget constraint, and any constraints on the production of public and private goods. Without this additional information, it is not possible to calculate the efficient levels of G and Q.
Efficiency in the allocation of public and private goods typically depends on various factors, including individual preferences, budget constraints, and trade-offs between the two goods. The production frontier equation G+Q-320,000 provides information about the total production capacity of G and Q, but it does not specify how this production should be allocated to achieve efficiency.
To determine the efficient levels, one would need to consider factors such as consumer preferences, societal priorities, and the trade-offs between public and private goods. These factors are typically evaluated using tools such as utility maximization and Pareto efficiency analysis.
Without additional information about the utility function, budget constraints, and production constraints, it is not possible to calculate the efficient levels of G and Q. Determining efficiency in the allocation of public and private goods requires considering various factors and analyzing trade-offs based on specific preferences and constraints.
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MY NOTES ASK YOUR TEACHER PRACTICE ANOTHER Suppose that Philip makes 92% of his free throws. Assume that late in a basketball game, he is fouled and is awarded two shots. (a) What is the probability that he will make both shots? (b) What is the probability that he will make at least one shot? (c) What is the probability that he will miss both shots? (d) Late in a basketball game, a team often intentionally fouls an opposing player in order to stop the game clock. The usual strategy is to intentionally foul the other team's worst free-throw shooter. Assume that Philip's team's center makes 59% of his free-throw shots. Calculate the probabilities for the center as shown in parts (a), (b), and (c). Assume as in parts (a), (b), and (c) that two shots will be awarded. P(center makes two shots) = P(center makes at least one shot) = P(center misses both shots) =
(a) To calculate the probability that Philip will make both shots, we multiply the probability of making a single shot by itself:
P(Philip makes both shots) = P(Philip makes first shot) * P(Philip makes second shot)
= 0.92 * 0.92
= 0.8464
Therefore, the probability that Philip will make both shots is 0.8464 or 84.64%.
(b) To calculate the probability that Philip will make at least one shot, we need to consider two scenarios: either he makes both shots or he makes only one shot. The probability of making at least one shot is equal to 1 minus the probability of missing both shots:
P(Philip makes at least one shot) = 1 - P(Philip misses both shots)
= 1 - (1 - P(Philip makes first shot)) * (1 - P(Philip makes second shot))
= 1 - (1 - 0.92) * (1 - 0.92)
= 1 - 0.08 * 0.08
= 1 - 0.0064
= 0.9936
Therefore, the probability that Philip will make at least one shot is 0.9936 or 99.36%.
(c) The probability that Philip will miss both shots is the complement of the probability that he makes at least one shot:
P(Philip misses both shots) = 1 - P(Philip makes at least one shot)
= 1 - 0.9936
= 0.0064
Therefore, the probability that Philip will miss both shots is 0.0064 or 0.64%.
For the team's center with a 59% free-throw shooting percentage:
P(center makes two shots) = P(center makes first shot) * P(center makes second shot)
= 0.59 * 0.59
= 0.3481
P(center makes at least one shot) = 1 - P(center misses both shots)
= 1 - (1 - P(center makes first shot)) * (1 - P(center makes second shot))
= 1 - (1 - 0.59) * (1 - 0.59)
= 1 - 0.41 * 0.41
= 1 - 0.1681
= 0.8319
P(center misses both shots) = 1 - P(center makes at least one shot)
= 1 - 0.8319
= 0.1681
Therefore, the probabilities for the center are as follows:
P(center makes two shots) = 0.3481 or 34.81%
P(center makes at least one shot) = 0.8319 or 83.19%
P(center misses both shots) = 0.1681 or 16.81%
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For this question, assume that all factors that effect economic growth remain constant. Suppose that the economy is initially operating at the full employment level. Consider that there is a deficit in government budget (G> T). To reduce the deficit, the government plans to increase the taxes.
In the given scenario, where the economy is operating at full employment and there is a deficit in the government budget, the government's plan to reduce the deficit by increasing taxes can have certain implications.
Increasing taxes to reduce a government budget deficit can have potential consequences for the economy. On one hand, higher taxes can lead to increased government revenue, which can help in reducing the deficit and stabilizing the government's finances. This can contribute to long-term fiscal sustainability and confidence in the economy.
However, the impact of tax increases on the overall economy is complex and can vary. Higher taxes can reduce consumers' disposable income, leading to a decrease in consumption spending. This can have a negative effect on businesses, particularly those that rely heavily on consumer demand. Lower consumption can result in decreased production, leading to potential job losses and reduced economic activity.
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Here is information related to Concord Company for 2022. Total credit sales $2,495,000 Accounts receivable at December 31 907,000 Uncollectibles written off 34,900 (a) What amount of bad debt expense will Concord Company report if it uses the direct write-off method of accounting for uncoll
(b) Assume that Concord Company uses the percentage-of-receivables basis to record bad debt expenseand concludes that 5% (c) Assume that Concord Company uses the percentage-of-receivables basis to record bad debt expenseand concludes that 5%
(a) The amount of bad debt expense is $34,900. (b) Bad Debt Expense = 45,350 (c) Bad Debt Expense = 45,350.
(a) To calculate the bad debt expense using the direct write-off method, we need to determine the amount of uncollectible accounts. The uncollectibles written off is given as $34,900, which represents the accounts that have been determined as uncollectible and removed from the accounts receivable.
Therefore, the bad debt expense reported under the direct write-off method would be equal to the amount of uncollectible written off, which is $34,900.
(b) To calculate the bad debt expense using the percentage-of-receivables basis, we need to multiply the accounts receivable at December 31 by the percentage determined as uncollectible. In this case, the percentage is provided as 5%.
Bad debt expense = Accounts receivable at December 31 * Percentage of receivables
Accounts receivable at December 31 = $907,000
Percentage of receivables = 5% or 0.05
Bad debt expense = $907,000 * 0.05
Bad debt expense = 45,350
(c) The information provided for part (c) is the same as in part (b), which assumes a 5% uncollectible rate. Therefore, the amount of bad debt expense under the percentage-of-receivables basis would also be $45,350.
So, the amount of bad debt expense reported by Concord Company under both the direct write-off method and the percentage-of-receivables basis would be $45,350.
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#6 only please
Baseball Bat MFG had a sales budget for bats for the next months: Jan Feb Mar Apr Units 30,000 40,000 50,000 50,000 They sell each Bat for $60 They want ending finished goods inventory to be 30% of th
Based on the information provided, the sales budget for Baseball Bat MFG for the next months is as follows:
January: 30,000 units
February: 40,000 units
March: 50,000 units
April: 50,000 units
The selling price per bat is $60.
To determine the desired ending finished goods inventory, we need to calculate 30% of the units produced in each month. Let's calculate it for each month:
January: 30% of 30,000 units = 9,000 units
February: 30% of 40,000 units = 12,000 units
March: 30% of 50,000 units = 15,000 units
April: 30% of 50,000 units = 15,000 units
Therefore, the desired ending finished goods inventory for each month is 9,000 units for January, 12,000 units for February, 15,000 units for March, and 15,000 units for April.
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leased manufacturing equipment to Mays Corporation on January 1, 2017. The lease is for a 7-year period and requires equal annual payments of $31,535 at the beginning of each year. The first payment is received on January 1, 2017.
Sage had purchased the machine during 2016 for $69,000. Collectibility of lease payments is reasonably predictable, and no important uncertainties surround the amount of costs yet to be incurred by Sage. Sage set the annual rental to ensure an 9% rate of return.
The machine has an economic life of 8 years with no residual value and reverts to Sage at the termination of the lease.
(a)
Compute the amount of the lease receivable.
(b)
To compute the amount of the lease receivable, we need to determine the present value of the lease payments.
Given information:
Annual lease payments: $31,535
Lease term: 7 years
Rate of return: 9%
To calculate the present value, we can use the present value of an ordinary annuity formula:
PV = PMT * [(1 - (1 + r)^(-n)) / r]
Where:
PV = Present value
PMT = Annual lease payment
r = Rate of return per period
n = Number of periods
Plugging in the values:
PMT = $31,535
r = 9% or 0.09 (since it's per period)
n = 7 years
PV = $31,535 * [(1 - (1 + 0.09)^(-7)) / 0.09]
PV = $31,535 * [(1 - 0.50839) / 0.09]
PV = $31,535 * (0.49161 / 0.09)
PV = $31,535 * 5.46233PV = $172,127.94
Therefore, the amount of the lease receivable is $172,127.94.
(b) Since the lease receivable is equal to the present value of the lease payments, the amount of the lease receivable is already calculated in part (a) as $172,127.94.
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The account type is considered a liability. A. Fixed Assets B. Accounts Receivable C. Bank D. Accounts Payable Match each detail type with its associated account type. Account Types Detail Types A. Asset 1. Credit Card B. Liability 2. Office Supplies Income 3. Machinery & Equipment 4. Sales D. Expense
In the world of accounting, financial accounting, and bookkeeping, accounts are categorized into different types depending on the nature of transactions income related to the accounts. T
Detail Types The detail types of account types are as follows: Asset Machinery & Equipment: It refers to the long-term assets that a company uses in its production process. It is recorded on the balance sheet. Liability Accounts Payable: It refers to the debt that a company owes to its suppliers or creditors. It is recorded on the balance sheet. Income Sales: It refers to the amount that a company earns from the sales of its products or services. It is recorded on the income statement. Expense Credit Card: It refers to the expenses that a company pays through credit cards. It is recorded on the income statement. Fixed Assets: It refers to the assets that a company owns for the long-term. It is recorded on the balance sheet. Bank: It refers to the money that a company has in its bank accounts. It is recorded on the balance sheet. Accounts Receivable: It refers to the money that a company is owed by its customers for the products or services provided to them. It is recorded on the balance sheet. Summary The table below shows the detail types associated with each account type. Account Types Detail Types Asset Machinery & Equipment Bank Accounts Receivable Liability Accounts Payable Income Sales Expense Credit Card In conclusion, it's important to keep in mind that categorizing the accounts correctly is critical for the company's financial records. The financial statements are used by investors and creditors to determine the company's financial position, profitability, and liquidity.
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Budget Account Code Quantity Total 4,000 03110 Formwork 03210 Rebar 10 800 03310 Place & Finish Subtotal Slabs at grade O a. 75 percent, 60 percent, 80 percent. O b. 75 percent, 63 percent, 85 percent. OC 73 percent, 60 percent, 86 percent. O d. 70 percent, 65 percent, 80 percent. UOM SF Ton CY Actual Quantity To-Date 3,000 6 640 Budget PV 6,000 900 800 Eamed Percent EV Complete E C Time left 0:19:04
The budget account code breakdown and quantities provided are as follows: 4,000 for Formwork (03110), 800 for Rebar (03210), and the Place & Finish (03310) is not specified. The correct option for the completion percentages of the Slabs at grade would be 73 percent, 60 percent, and 86 percent.
Based on the given information, the quantities provided for Formwork and Rebar are 4,000 and 800, respectively. However, the quantity for the Place & Finish (03310) is not mentioned. To determine the completion percentages of the Slabs at grade, we need the actual quantity to-date for the Place & Finish task. Unfortunately, this information is not provided. Without the actual quantity to-date, we cannot accurately calculate the earned value (EV) and determine the completion percentages.
It is essential to have the actual quantity to-date for the Place & Finish task in order to calculate the earned value and accurately determine the completion percentages.
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Suppose you will receive payments of $3,000, $4,000, and $19,000 in 2, 4, and 7 year(s) from now, respectively. What is the total future value of all payments 11 years from now if the interest rate is 2%?
To estimate the company's cost of equity capital the total future value of all payments 11 years from now, considering a 2% interest rate, is $28,743.90.
Arithmetic Average Growth Rate:
Dividend Growth Rate = (Dividend in Year 4 - Dividend in Year 1) / (Number of Years)
= ($2.71 - $2.30) / 3
= $0.41 / 3
= $0.1367
Cost of Equity Capital (using arithmetic average growth rate) = (Dividend / Stock Price) + Growth Rate
= ($2.79 / $50) + $0.1367
= 0.0558 + 0.1367
= 0.1925 or 19.25%
Geometric Average Growth Rate:
Dividend Growth Rate = (Dividend in Year 4 / Dividend in Year 1)^(1 / Number of Years) - 1
= ($2.71 / $2.30)^(1 / 3) - 1
= 1.1761^(1 / 3) - 1
= 1.0526 - 1
= 0.0526
Cost of Equity Capital (using geometric average growth rate) = (Dividend / Stock Price) + Growth Rate
= ($2.79 / $50) + 0.0526
= 0.0558 + 0.0526
= 0.1084 or 10.84%
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Discuss the implications of MODIGLIANI AND MILLER (M&M)
propositions I and II in a no- tax world. Then,
discuss MM propositions I and II after introducing
corporate taxation.
The Modigliani and Miller (M&M) propositions, have major implications for the financial market.
The M&M Propositions were developed in response to the potential benefits of corporate restructuring (such as the use of leverage and increased dividend payouts) on the value of a firm. The M&M Propositions recommend that the market value of a firm should not be influenced by the method in which it is financed. The following are the implications of M&M Propositions I and II in a no-tax world:
Implications of M&M Proposition IIn a no-tax world, the financing method does not have any effect on the market value of a firm. A firm's market value is determined solely by its earning potential and the risk associated with it. This is due to the fact that investors are not affected by tax consequences and have access to the same capital markets.
Implications of M&M Proposition IIIn a no-tax world, the cost of equity and the cost of debt are independent of capital structure. The cost of capital for a firm is determined by its earning potential and the level of risk involved in the operations. It is independent of the financing method because investors are unconcerned about the company's tax obligations. This proposition claims that as debt financing increases, the cost of equity rises proportionately.
The following are the implications of M&M Propositions I and II after introducing corporate taxation:
Implications of M&M Proposition IIn a world where corporations are taxed, the market value of a firm is affected by the tax consequences of its financing structure. When debt financing is used, the tax shield decreases the company's tax liability, resulting in an increase in the value of the company. As a result, a firm's market value is determined by its earning potential, risk, and tax consequences.
Implications of M&M Proposition IIIn a world where corporations are taxed, the cost of equity is affected by the firm's capital structure. Because dividends are not tax-deductible, the cost of equity rises as debt financing increases. The tax shield from interest payments reduces the cost of debt financing. As a result, a firm's weighted average cost of capital (WACC) decreases as debt financing increases until the company's capital structure is maximized.
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B. Find the passive verbs in these sentences (some sentences may not have any). Then rewrite any sentences with passive verbs into active voice.
1. The contract was written by a team of experts.
2. The contract was written.
3. The computer has been updated by the IT director.
4. The exec summary is being reviewed by the editors.
5. The exec summary has been reviewed by the editors.
6. The exec summary was being rewritten.
7. The reporter was attending the meeting.
8. The meeting was attended by the reporter.
9. The grammar checker has not been set up properly.
10. The grammar checker has not found any pas-sive verbs in your writing.
The exec summary was being rewritten. Passive verb: was being rewritten.Rewritten sentence: Someone was rewriting the exec summary.7. The reporter was attending the meeting. Passive verb: was attending.Rewritten sentence: The reporter attended the meeting.8.
. Find the passive verbs in these sentences (some sentences may not have any). Then rewrite any sentences with passive verbs into active voice.1. The contract was written by a team of experts. Passive verb: was written.Rewritten sentence: A team of experts wrote the contract.2. The contract was written. Passive verb: was written.Rewritten sentence: Someone wrote the contract.3. The computer has been updated by the IT director. Passive verb: has been updated.Rewritten sentence: The IT director updated the computer.4. The exec summary is being reviewed by the editors. Passive verb: is being reviewed.Rewritten sentence: The editors are reviewing the exec summary.5. The exec summary has been reviewed by the editors. Passive verb: has been reviewed.Rewritten sentence: The editors reviewed the exec summary.6. The exec summary was being rewritten. Passive verb: was being rewritten.Rewritten sentence: Someone was rewriting the exec summary.7. The reporter was attending the meeting. Passive verb: was attending.Rewritten sentence: The reporter attended the meeting.8. The meeting was attended by the reporter. Passive verb: was attended.Rewritten sentence: The reporter attended the meeting.9. The grammar checker has not been set up properly. Passive verb: has been set up.Rewritten sentence: Someone has not set up the grammar checker properly.10. The grammar checker has not found any passive verbs in your writing. There is no passive verb in this sentence. Therefore, it does not need to be rewritten.
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Fifth. A case of study
Job (Air hostess at Horizon Airlines
for males and females)
Question: The stages of the selection process that applicants
for this job must go through?
Selection criteria to e
The stages of the selection process that applicants for a job as an Air Hostess at Horizon Airlines must go through include the following:1. Online Application: Interested candidates can apply for the job of air hostess at Horizon Airlines by filling out the online application form, which is available on the official website of the airline.2. Aptitude Test: The aptitude test is the first step in the selection process for air hostesses.
Candidates are tested for their reasoning, verbal, numerical, and spatial abilities.3. Group Discussion: The second stage of the selection process involves group discussions. Candidates are divided into small groups and given a topic to discuss.4. Personal Interview: The third stage of the selection process is the personal interview. Candidates are interviewed by a panel of experts from Horizon Airlines.5. Medical Test: Candidates who clear the personal interview round must undergo a medical test to ensure that they are fit to work as air hostesses.6. Training: The final stage of the selection process is the training. Candidates who clear all the stages of the selection process undergo rigorous training for six months. During the training, they learn about the aviation industry, safety procedures, customer service, and communication skills. Candidates who successfully complete the training are then recruited as air hostesses at Horizon Airlines.Overall, Horizon Airlines looks for candidates who are physically fit, have excellent communication skills, and are customer-focused. Candidates who meet these criteria and clear all the stages of the selection process are offered the job of air hostess at Horizon Airlines. Answer in more than 100 words.
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Flexible budget and variances Am I allowed to round the variance cost? And please explain why each one doesn't work Terri's Dry Cleaning estimated for the month that they would launder 2,000 clothing items at a sales price of $11 per item. The salaries and labor expense is estimated to be $5,000 plus $1.5 per clothing item. The following cost estimates were made: rent $2,000 per month, utilities $750 per month, and insurance $500 per month. The cost of dry cleaning supplies are estimated to be $0.75 per clothing item. Terri's actual results for the month included sales revenue of $24,600 for 2,050 clothing items. Other actual expenses included: salaries and labor expense $9,500, rent $2,000, utilities $875, insurance $500, and dry cleaning supplies $2,200. Using a flexible budget, what of the following variances is correct? $662.50 Unfavorable variance for dry cleaning supplies $1,425 Favorable variance for salaries and labor expense $125 Favorable variance for utilities expense Overall favorable variance for net operating income
Based on the given information, the correct variance is a favorable variance of $125 for utilities expenses.
To determine the variances, we need to compare the actual results with the flexible budget. 1. Dry Cleaning Supplies Variance:
Flexible Budget Cost = (Actual Units * Budgeted Cost per Unit) = 2,050 * $0.75 = $1,537.50
Actual Cost = $2,200
Variance = Actual Cost - Flexible Budget Cost = $2,200 - $1,537.50 = $662.50 (Unfavorable variance) 2. Salaries and Labor Expense Variance:
Flexible Budget Cost = (Actual Units * Budgeted Cost per Unit) = 2,050 * $1.5 = $3,075
Actual Cost = $9,500
Variance = Actual Cost - Flexible Budget Cost = $9,500 - $3,075 = $6,425 (Unfavorable variance) 3. Utilities Expense Variance:
Flexible Budget Cost = Budgeted Cost = $750
Actual Cost = $875
Variance = Actual Cost - Flexible Budget Cost = $875 - $750 = $125 (Favorable variance) 4. Net Operating Income Variance:
Flexible Budget Net Operating Income = Flexible Budget Revenue - Flexible Budget Costs
Actual Net Operating Income = Actual Revenue - Actual Costs
Since the actual revenue and costs are not provided, we cannot determine the overall favorable variance for net operating income.
Therefore, the correct variance is a favorable variance of $125 for utility expenses.
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4) (20 pts) If there is a change in expected inflation and the natural unemployment rate, how does it affect the short-run and long-run Phillips curves? Explain the effects of these changes for these two time periods separately, using also graphical analysis.
Expected inflation and lower natural unemployment shift short-run Phillips curve up, but in the long run, it returns to its original position, indicating no persistent trade-off between inflation and unemployment.
In the short run, an increase in expected inflation and a decrease in the natural unemployment rate will shift the Phillips curve upward, indicating higher inflation and lower unemployment. This occurs due to workers demanding higher wages to compensate for the anticipated increase in prices. However, in the long run, the Phillips curve will return to its original position, showing that there is no sustained trade-off between inflation and unemployment.
As workers and firms adjust their expectations and incorporate the higher inflation into their decision-making, wages and prices adjust accordingly, bringing the economy back to the natural rate of unemployment. This demonstrates the notion of the natural unemployment rate and the long-run neutrality of inflation on unemployment. Graphical analysis would show the short-run upward shift of the Phillips curve, followed by the long-run reversion to the original position.
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