The continuous removal of the products of a pathway to be used in other reactions and the input of free energy from outside the pathway
Metabolism is an ongoing process that occurs in all living organisms. To keep the organism operating and in equilibrium, the products of one route become reactants for another. Metabolism does not attain equilibrium because cells cannot operate in the absence of reactants and products. Metabolism imbalance will always be necessary to keep the reactions going. This is also due to the interdependence of the responses.
Because they are open systems, cells sustain disequilibrium. Because of the continual movement of resources into and out of the cell, metabolic pathways never attain equilibrium. A cell is an open system that constantly changes molecules and energy from its surroundings. If a cell is not in an open system, it cannot exchange nutrients or even other molecules with other cells and hence has no work. This can result in apoptosis and function failure. As a result, a cell is in an open system, and its metabolism is always out of balance.
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Bacteria grow and reproduce during the _____ stage.A. biologicalB. InactiveC. spore-formingD. Active
Bacteria grow and reproduce during the Active stage.
In the active stage, bacteria grow and reproduce. Bacteria multiply stylishly in warm, dark, damp, or dirty places where food is available. When they reach their largest size, they divide. This division is called mitosis.
The log phase, short for the logarithmic or exponential growth phase, is when bacterial cells laboriously divide by double fission and exponentially increase in number after each generation time. During this phase, the bacterial population reaches its maximum rate of reduplication.
Bacteria have two distinct phases in their life cycle the active or vegetative stage and the inactive or spore-forming stage. During the active( vegetative) stage, bacteria grow and reproduce.
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which is the most likely reason for an individual to be born with 45 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes?
During the process of meiosis, one of the homologous chromosomal pairs does not join.
Humans have 46 chromosomes in total, including 23 pairs of autosomes and two sex chromosomes. Children receive half of their chromosomes from their mothers and half from their dads since each parent gives one chromosome to each pair.
Because of the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, a single chromosome now contains genetic material from both parents.
In contrast to the sex chromosomes, an autosome is one of the numbered chromosomes. Humans contain 22 autosome pairs and one pair of sex chromosomes (XX or XY). Autosomes are loosely numbered in accordance to their size.
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aamc fl3 bbquestion a particular diploid organism is heterozygous in each of 3 unlinked genes. considering only these 3 genes, how many different types of gametes can this organism produce?
Several gametes the frequency of heterozygous loci, n, divided by two. Therefore, a diploid organism containing three heterozygous loci might yield 23 = 8 gametes.
Describe a gamete.A primary spermatocyte is a plant or an animal generative cell. Animals' male and female gametes are referred to as sperm and ova, respectively. Each ova and sperm cell carries one copies of each chromosome, making them haploid cells.
How many cellular gametes are there?The chromosome count in sperm or egg cells, often known as gametes, is also referred to as haploid. In mammals, gametes are single celled organisms with 23 chromosomes—one of each chromosomal pair found in diplod cells—and are hence haploid.
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what is the complementary sequence corresponding to the dna fragment agtcag? group of answer choices
TCAGTC is the complementary sequence corresponding to the dna fragment AGTCAG.
Complementary sequence: A nucleic acid sequence of bases that can be matched to form a double-stranded structure. For example, the complementary sequence to C-A-T-G (where each letter represents one of the bases of DNA) is G-T-A-C. A complementary DNA (cDNA) molecule is a DNA copy of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule created by reverse transcriptase (a DNA polymerase that can utilise either DNA or RNA as a template).
Adenine nucleotides are paired with thymine nucleotides, and cytosines are paired with guanine. This means that the two strands are complementary to each other. For example, a DNA strand with the nucleotide sequence AGTCATGA has a complementary strand with the sequence TCAGTACT.
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You continue your genetic analysis by crossing the forked and pale mutant lines with each other. The leaves of the F1 are light green (intermediate between pale and wild-type leaves) and forked. The F2 has six phenotypic classes: You designate the forked mutant allele as F (wild type
The F1 variety has forked, light green leaves that fall in between pale & wild-type leaves in color. The six phenotypic classifications for the F2 are depicted here. Pleiotropy is the term used to explain the genetic influence of one gene on numerous phenotypic features.
Each individual inherits one dominant allele one and recessive allele (Yy) when the gametes assemble in the gametocytes of the Progenies, and as a result, every member of the F1 generation displays this same dominant phenotypic (e.g. yellow peas). The F1 generation was discovered to have a consistent phenotype. Pleiotropy is the term used to explain the genetic influence of one gene on numerous phenotypic features. Four separate phenotypes are produced by the codominance of three alleles. The ratio of the dominant epistasis genes is 9:3:4. Two genes that are depending on one another cooperate in this genetic arrangement. As a result, three phenotypes are generated. The F1 generation's progeny have a C) 3:1 phenotypic ratio for seed color (yellow:green). The typical Mendelian ratio is this phenotypic ratio of 9:3:3:1.
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An oil may be converted into a substance that is solid at room temperature by
a. cooling it, so that double bonds form and the fats solidify.
b. adding hydrogens, decreasing the number of double bonds in the molecules.
c. removing hydrogens, increasing the number of double bonds in the molecules.
d. removing water, causing a dehydration reaction to occur.
By adding hydrogens, which reduces the amount of double bonds in the molecules, an oil can be transformed into a product that is solid at room temperature. (B option)
How does dehydration get better?Most individuals who are mildly to moderately dehydrated due to vomiting, diarrhea, or fever can get better by drinking more water or other liquids. Soft drinks and fruit juice at full strength may make diarrhea worse. Cool water is your greatest option if you work or exercise outside during hot, humid weather.
How can dehydration be reversed the quickest?If you have early signs of dehydration, you can rehydrate by ingesting electrolyte-rich fluids, such as sports drinks or oral rehydration treatments. Foods with a high water content are also available.
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Writing to Learn Imagine: that you are a student in the 1860s visiting Gregor Mendel in his garden. Write a letter to a friend describing Mendel's experiments with pea plants
A letter to a friend describing Mendel's experiments with pea plants may be based on how different generations have statistically uniform traits in regard to the parental generation.
What is the relative importance of Mendel's experiments?The relative importance of Mendel's experiments was based on the fact he observed traits or characters segregated in different generations of pea plants, which led him to develop a series of laws for inheritance.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the relative importance of Mendel's experiments is cemented by the observation of statistically uniform inheritance laws.
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do you put the male rabbit in the female cage to breed of do you put the male rabbit in the female's cage to breed?
creature biology Put the female rabbit into the male's cage if you intend to breed your rabbits. Always bring one female to the male if the rabbits is housed separately. Women are often very possessive.
In animal biology, what do you do?The study of an animal's physical and chemical make-up is known as animal biology. If you decide to pursue a field education, you will study the physiology, genetics, ecology, molecular biology, and evolution of animals.
The course in animal biology is what?You'll gain a solid understanding in animal biology from the course. Major scientific concepts will be covered in your courses, such as anatomy and physiology, behavior, genetics, ecology, et nutrition. The study for companion & livestock species is the course's main topic.
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directs food from the mouth to the esophagus b. allows air to pass to and from the lungs c. separates the abdomen from the thoracic cavity
The pharynx directs food from the mouth to the esophagus.
Internal hollow tube of the neck that rises from behind the nose to the top of the trachea and oesophagus (the tube that goes to the stomach). The pharynx measures approximately 5 inches in length, depending on body size. It is also known as the throat.
The pharynx, sometimes known as the throat, is a component of the digestive and respiratory systems. It transports food, liquid, and air from the mouth and nose downward.The pharynx can become infected with common illnesses including tonsillitis and a sore throat.
Your quality of life may be adversely affected by esophagitis. Esophagitis may progress into a condition known as Barrett's oesophagus if it is not addressed. Your risk of developing oesophagal cancer could rise as a result.
Complete question:
What does the pharynx do?
a. Directs food from the mouth to the esophagus
b. Secretes saliva
c. Allows air to pass to and from the lungs
d. Separates the abdomen from the thoracic cavity
e. Prevents choking while swallowing
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an important clue to the structure of dna was provided by
An important clue to three dimensional structure of DNA was provided by Roslind Franklin through her X crystallography Diffraction patterns of DNA.
X-ray crystallography is conducted to study the Three dimensional structure of Crystals. The Double Helical Structure of DNA was proposed by Watson and Crick based on an X-ray crystallography pattern by Rosalind Franklin, X Ray crystallography specialist at King's College, London .
Rosalind Franklin's Photo 51 gives information about the structural hypothesis of DNA which served as model for Double Helical Structure of DNA. Watson, Crick and Roslind Franklin's colleague Maurice Willkins shared the Nobel Prize in 1962.DNA has a double helical structure with two antiparallel strands held together by Hydrogen bonding between Nitrogenous base pair. It is composed of Monomers called Nucleotide.
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many red blood cell (rbc) processes, such as binding, transporting, and releasing oxygen, do not require energy. energy however, is required for cellular viability. how does the rbc obtain most of it's energy?
The red blood cell (RBC) obtains most of its energy through glycolysis. Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, which generates a small amount of energy (ATP) and produces lactic acid.
RBCs do not have mitochondria, the organelles responsible for generating energy through cellular respiration, therefore, RBCs cannot generate energy through cellular respiration.
In RBCs, glycolysis is the primary source of energy and it is a process that occurs in the cytoplasm. The glucose that is used in glycolysis is obtained from the blood plasma. The RBCs are able to obtain energy through glycolysis because they have high levels of the enzyme hexokinase, which catalyzes the first step of the glycolytic pathway.
Since RBCs lack mitochondria and cannot use oxygen for cellular respiration, they are also unable to generate energy through oxidative phosphorylation. Lactic acid produced by glycolysis can be converted back to glucose in the liver and kidneys through the Cori cycle, which is a metabolic pathway that allows the RBCs to recycle the lactic acid and obtain energy.
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Proof in science is always
A. Firmly established
B. Beyond question
C. An impossible goal
D. constantly changing with little contiunity between diciplines.
E. Open to question or new evidence
B. Beyond question
Answer:
E
Explanation:
Facts in science are always being changed, refined, and added upon.
If one follows 90 primary oocytes in an animal through their various stages of oogenesis, how many secondary oocytes would be formedHow many polar bodies?How many Ootids will be formed?
90 secondary oocytes would be formed.
90 primary oocytes would undergo meiosis to form 90 secondary oocytes. During meiosis, each primary oocyte would also form two polar bodies, resulting in a total of 180 polar bodies. Only one of the secondary oocytes will continue to mature and form an ovum or ootid, while the other will degenerate. Two polar bodies will be formed for each secondary oocyte, so 180 polar bodies will be formed.
An ootid is formed after the fertilization of a secondary oocyte. If fertilization does not occur, no ootids will be formed. So, 90 secondary oocytes would be formed.
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k-strategists are group of answer choices controlled by density-dependent factors. large and short-lived. small and long-lived. large and long-lived. none of these are correct. large and long-lived and controlled by density-dependent factors.
k-strategists are large, long-lived, and controlled by density-dependent factors. K-Strategist species' populations fluctuate at or near carrying capacity (K) of habitat. Such species were identified by Robert MacArthur and American biologist Edward.
What organism is the K-Strategist?Organisms whose life histories are subject to K-selection are often called K-strategists or K-selected. Organisms with K-selective traits include not only large organisms such as elephants, humans and whales, but also small, long-lived organisms such as Arctic terns, parrots and eagles, lions, and whales.
What are characteristics of the k-strategistoccasional breeding: organism has a long gestation period and gives birth to one or two cubs at a time. Offspring need time to grow and grow under the constant care and supervision of their parents.
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What is the enzymatic activity of a kinase and of a phosphatase
A kinase is a chemical that connects a phosphate gathering to a protein. A phosphatase is a catalyst that eliminates a phosphate bunch from a protein. Together, these two groups of compounds act to regulate the exercises of the proteins in a cell.
Amino acids at the site of phosphorylation figure out where a protein kinase or protein phosphatase will play out its enzymatic movement. This prompts an amino corrosive succession making a particular restricting site for the kinase so one kinase can phosphorylate quite certain proteins at a particular site.
Protein kinases are a significant class of intracellular chemicals that assume an essential part in most sign transduction overflows, from controlling cell development and multiplication to the commencement and guideline of immunological reactions.
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besides the thymine and uracil base difference, which dna strands sequence matches the mrna sequence used in translation?
Answer:
In DNA/RNA base pairing, adenine (A) pairs with uracil (U), and cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G). The conversion of DNA to mRNA occurs when an RNA polymerase makes a complementary mRNA copy of a DNA “template” sequence.
c) how many people in the u.s. have a type o blood type? submit your answer below in millions and rounded to two deci
Type O blood accounts for 46.6% of all persons in the United States, or 154247235.366 people.
What is blood?Blood is a kind of bodily fluid. Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are the four major components. Blood has several purposes, including carrying oxygen and nutrients to the lungs and tissues. To avoid excessive blood loss, blood clots are formed. Your blood is made up of both liquid and solid components. The liquid component, known as plasma, is composed of water, salts, and protein. Plasma makes up more than half of your blood. Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are all found in the solid section of your blood. RBCs transport oxygen from your lungs to your tissues and organs.
Here,
Type O blood makes up 46.6% of all people in the US, or 154247235.366 people.
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what is formed when cells of the same type join to perform a common task?
Answer: Tissue
Explanation:
Tissue is formed when cells of the same type join to perform a common task.
name the cordlike structures that connect muscles to bone.
Tendon is the cordlike structures that connect muscles to bone. As your muscles contract and relax, they allow your bones to move.
A tendon is a rope- suchlike thread of tough, flexible connective towel. Your muscles and bones are connected by tendons. Our branches can move thanks to tendon. They also help in precluding muscular damage by reducing the impact that running, jumping, and other conduct have on your muscles. There are a huge number of tendons in your body. Tendons can be set up all the way from your head to your toes. Your body's largest tendon, the Achilles, joins your shin muscle to your heel bone. Although they aren't elastic, tendons have a high gash resistance.
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Gametes / Sperm / Egg
Answer:
Explanation:
Gametes are the reproductive cells that are produced through a process called meiosis, which is a specialized form of cell division. Gametes are haploid cells, meaning they contain only one set of chromosomes. This allows gametes to fuse with another gamete during fertilization, resulting in a diploid cell with two sets of chromosomes.
Sperm and eggs are two of the most common types of gametes. Sperm are produced by males and contain half the genetic material needed for reproduction. They are small, highly motile cells that have a tail that propels them through a fluid medium. Eggs, or ova, are produced by females and contain the other half of the genetic material needed for reproduction. They are typically much larger than sperm and lack a tail, but still contain numerous organelles that allow them to be motile.
Fertilization occurs when a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell, forming a zygote. This zygote contains the full set of genetic material from both the male and the female, and is the first stage in the development of an embryo.
why might a point mutation in dna make a difference in the level of a protein's activity?
In the active site, it might swap a different amino acid. For all creatures, the genetic code is fundamentally the same.
A point mutation can alter the degree of protein activity by changing the genetic coding, which can alter the amino acids integrated into the protein. The ultimate code for proteins in the cell is DNA.
In a genome, a point mutation occurs when a single base pair is added, removed, or modified. While most point mutations are harmless, they can have a variety of functional effects, such as changes in gene expression or changes in encoded proteins.
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Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the structures of an animal cell.a. cytoskeletonb. ribosomesc. nucleusd. smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)e. cytosolf. Golgi apparatusg. rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)h. mitochondrioni. plasma membrane
The extensive network of chemicals & protein fibers which thus provides the body's cells form and structure
Describe protein.Muscle, skeleton, skin, hair, and practically every other organ system or tissue include protein. It contributes to the production of hemoglobin, which transports oxygen through the blood, and enzymes, which drive numerous chemical reactions. You are made up of at least 10,000 distinct proteins, which also keep things that way.
What are the advantages of consuming protein?A vital component of the procedures that provide you energy and allow your blood to transport oxygen all over your body is protein. Additionally, it aids in the production of antibodies that ward off diseases and infections and promotes the proliferation of new cells.
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a biologist is finished collecting data about the feeding habits of coyotes from wilderness areas and from human-populated areas. which parts of a scientific process should the biologist do next? question 1 options: they should communicate the results they should form a hypothesis they should analyze the data they should make conclusions
The next steps in the scientific process after collecting data are to analyze the data, make conclusions, and communicate the results through scientific reports and publications.
After collecting data, the next step in the scientific process is to analyze the data and make conclusions. This includes organizing and summarizing the data, identifying patterns and trends, and interpreting the results. The biologist will use statistical methods to determine the significance of any differences or relationships that have been observed. This will allow the biologist to draw valid conclusions about the feeding habits of coyotes in wilderness and human-populated areas.
After the analysis and conclusions, the biologist will communicate their findings by writing a scientific report or paper and presenting their findings at scientific conferences or publishing them in scientific journals. This will allow other scientists to review and critique the data and the conclusions, which is an essential step in scientific research.
It is important to note that forming a hypothesis should be done before collecting data, as it guides the research, and it is essential to have a clear idea of what to look for and what the expected results are.
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Phases of photosynthesis
HELP pls
In the stages of photosynthesis, light energy transfers to chlorophyll which passes through the thylakoid membrane. Lost energy is used to form ATP and also stored as NADPH. Calvin cycle uses carbon dioxide to form sugars that are stored as energy in the glucose.
I'm sorry, I'm not sure what the first box could be.
During photosynthesis, the light energy that transfers to chlorophyll is in the form of photons. Photons are the basic unit of light, and they are absorbed by the pigments, such as chlorophyll, present in the chloroplasts of plants. So, photons or photon light energy?
What's the difference between stabilizing and disruptive selection?
Stabilizing selection and disruptive selection are two different types of natural selection that can lead to changes in the traits of a population over time.
Stabilizing selection is a type of natural selection that occurs when the environment favors individuals with intermediate traits, stabilizing selection while selecting against individuals with extreme traits. This can lead to a decrease in genetic variation within a population over time, as traits that deviate too far from the norm are less likely to be passed on disruptive selection to future generations. Disruptive selection, on the other hand, occurs when the environment favors individuals at both extremes of a trait, while selecting against those in the middle. stabilizing selection maintains the norm or average of a certain trait within a population, while disruptive selection creates two subpopulations with different traits and increases the genetic diversity of a population.
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which three of the following are functions of the bacterial cytoskeleton? multiple select question. aid in transport of nutrients participate in cell division localize specific proteins within the cell participate in phagocytosis determine cell shape act as a support structure for energy conservation
The proper answers are: Localize particular proteins inside the cell; ascertain cell shape; and take part in cell division.
Similar to eukaryotes, bacteria use cytoskeletal components for a variety of processes, including cell division, DNA partitioning, cell motility, and cell morphogenesis. They have their own cytoskeletal components in addition to having eukaryotic actin, tubulin, and intermediate filament protein counterparts. Contraction, cell motility, organelle and vesicle transport through the cytoplasm, cytokinesis, establishment of intracellular cytoplasm organisation, establishment of cell polarity, and numerous other processes carried out by the cytoskeleton are necessary for maintaining cellular homeostasis and ensuring cellular survival. The cytoskeleton is a structure that preserves the internal structure and shape of the cell, providing mechanical support.
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carbon dioxide can affect the measuring of oxygen used in this type of respirometer.
state the chemical that co placed in the respirometer that would stop carbon dioxide affecting the experiment.
Answer:
see below
Explanation:
The chemical that can be placed in the respirometer to stop carbon dioxide from affecting the experiment is called soda lime. Soda lime is a type of absorbent that is able to absorb carbon dioxide and other gases. When placed in the respirometer, it will absorb any carbon dioxide produced, so that the results of the experiment are not affected.
Hormone release caused by altered levels of critical ions or nutrients, this is also known to be the simplest endocrine control.
Answer:
Yes, that is correct.
Explanation:
Hormone release caused by altered levels of critical ions or nutrients is also known as the simplest endocrine control.
The results of the Meselson-Stahl experiments relied on all of the following except _______.
A. that a heavy isotope of nitrogen could be incorporated into replicating DNA molecules
B. a cesium chloride gradient
C. the fact that DNA is the genetic material
D. a means of distinguishing among the distribution patterns of newly synthesized and parent molecule DNA possible
The results of the Meselson-Stahl experiments relied on all of the following except the fact that DNA is the genetic material. Here option C is the correct answer.
The Meselson-Stahl experiment, conducted in the late 1950s, was a key experiment in the discovery of the semi-conservative nature of DNA replication. The experiment was performed using E. coli bacteria, which were grown in a medium containing a heavy isotope of nitrogen (15N) for several generations.
The bacteria were then transferred to a medium containing the normal isotope of nitrogen (14N) and allowed to replicate. The researchers then used a technique called density gradient centrifugation to separate the DNA molecules based on their densities.
By comparing the distribution patterns of the newly synthesized and parent DNA molecules, they were able to demonstrate that DNA replication is semi-conservative, meaning that each strand of the original DNA molecule acts as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand.
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Which of the following changes to the manufacture of automobiles was introduced by Henry Ford and revolutionized the industry?
Seat belts
Air bags
Moving assembly line
Automatic transmission
