Once we factor in the stoichiometric coefficients in the balanced equation for a process, calculation of the standard entropy change for the process will involve: Select the correct answer below: O adding the sum of the standard entropy changes of the reactants to the sum of the standard entropy changes of the products O subtracting the sum of the standard entropy changes of the reactants from the sum of the standard entropy changes of the products O multiplying the sum of the standard entropy changes of the reactants by the sum of the standard entropy changes of the products O dividing the sum of the standard entropy changes of the reactants by the sum of the standard entropy changes of the products

Answer:

0.7244 moles of HCI

Explanation:

To solve for the number of moles of HCI required to produce 15.91 g of CO₂, we need to use the balanced equation of the reaction:

Na₂CO₃ + 2HCI → 2NaCl + H₂O + CO₂

From the equation, we can see that 1 mole of Na₂CO₃ reacts with 2 moles of HCI to produce 1 mole of CO₂.

Since the desired amount of CO₂ is 15.91 g, we can convert it to moles:

15.91 g / 44.01 g/mol = 0.3622 mol CO₂

And since 1 mole of Na₂CO₃ reacts with 2 moles of HCI to produce 1 mole of CO₂, then 0.3622 mol CO₂ is produced from 0.3622 * 2 = 0.7244 moles of HCI.

Therefore, 0.7244 moles of HCI are required to produce 15.91 g of CO₂.

The length of a 40ft city bus in metres is 12.2 metres.

Length is the distance measured along the longest dimension of an object.

Length can be measured in metres, centimetres, inches or yards. According to this question, the length of a city bus is 40 ft.

The unit of conversion of feet to metres is as follows:

1 foot = 0.305 metre

This means that 40 ft will be equivalent to 40 × 0.305 = 12.2 metres.

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The half life is 2.9 * 10^-3 s

A first-order reaction is a chemical reaction in which the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of one of the reactants. This means that the rate of reaction increases as the concentration of the reactant increases.

The mathematical expression for a first-order reaction is:

Rate = k[A]

where Rate is the rate of the reaction, k is the rate constant, and [A] is the concentration of the reactant that the reaction rate depends on. This equation is also known as the rate law for a first-order reaction.

Half life of a first order reaction;

0.693/k

k = Decay constant

Half life = 0.693/2.35×10^2

= 2.9 * 10^-3 s

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A) Incorrect. It is not guaranteed that adding gas particles to the container will decrease the kinetic energy, as we don't know what energy those particles have to begin with.

B) Incorrect. We are not given any information that reveals that the container will break.

C) Incorrect. Because there are more particles, more collisions will occur in the container, increasing the likelihood that bonds may form between particles. This deviates from ideal gas behaviour.

D) Correct. Adding particles will increase the number of collisions that occurs as well as the overall pressure.

Option D

Models help the scientists in prediction of structure of molecules as per molecular geometry of molecules.

Molecular geometry can be defined as a three -dimensional arrangement of atoms which constitute the molecule.It includes parameters like bond length,bond angle and torsional angles.

It influences many properties of molecules like reactivity,polarity color,magnetism .The molecular geometry can be determined by various spectroscopic methods and diffraction methods , some of which are infrared,microwave and Raman spectroscopy.

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According to the question, the drip rate in gtt/min is 25 gtt/min.

What is drip rate?

Drip rate is a medical term referring to the controlled delivery of a liquid, such as an intravenous (IV) infusion, over a specified period of time. It is usually expressed in terms of drops per minute. It is also called drop rate, infusion rate or flow rate.

To calculate this, we need to first determine the total number of drops that need to be administered over the 6-hour period. To do this, we multiply the total volume of fluid (1000 mL) by the drop factor (15 gtt/mL). This gives us a total of 15,000 gtt.

Now we need to determine how many drops are required per minute. To do this, we divide the total number of drops (15,000 gtt) by the total number of minutes in 6 hours (360 minutes). This gives us a result of 41.67 gtt/min.

Finally, we need to round this value up to the nearest whole number. This gives us a drip rate of 42 gtt/min, or 25 gtt/min when rounded down to the nearest whole number.

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a. We may use the equilibrium constants for the two reactions provided to get the equilibrium constant for the reaction HbO2(aq) + CO(aq) -> HbCO(aq) + O2(aq). O2(aq) + Hb(aq).

= 1.8 Hb(aq) + CO(aq) = HbO2(aq) Kc Kc HbCO(aq) = 306 Considering the forward and reverse.  reaction ratios for the whole response, we get: ([HbCO][O2])/ K eq ([HbO2][CO]) Substituting in the equilibrium constants for the two specified reactions yields: K eq = (306 * [O2]) / 1.8 K eq = (306 * [O2]) / 1.8 The concentration of O2 in the circulation at body temperature is around 0.13 mM, or 0.13/1000 moles per liter. Substituting this value yields: (306 * 0.13/1000) / 1.8 = 0.022 K eq At body temperature, the equilibrium constant for the reaction HbO2(aq) + CO(aq) -> HbCO(aq) + O2(aq) is around 0.022. b. If 0.10% of the air mixture includes carbon monoxide and 20.0% oxygen, which indicates that there is one molecule of carbon monoxide and 200 molecules of oxygen in every 1000 molecules of air. Considering that the oxygen and carbon monoxide concentrations in blood are the same as those in air, this means that for every 200 molecules of HbO2 that join with oxygen, 1 molecule of HbO2 will bond with carbon monoxide to generate HbCO. The circulatory HbCO/HbO2 ratio can be computed as follows: [CO]/([O2]/200) = [CO] / ([O2]/200) Substituting the provided values yields: (1/1000) / (20/100 * 200) = [HbCO]/[HbO2 1/20000 [HbCO]/[HbO2] As a result, the circulatory HbCO/HbO2 ratio is 1:20000, or 0.005%. Carbon monoxide is extremely harmful because it bonds to Since it binds to hemoglobin considerably more firmly than oxygen, it can displace oxygen from hemoglobin and prevent it from reaching essential organs. This can result in tissue damage, organ failure, and even death. Low quantities of carbon monoxide can be hazardous, causing headaches, dizziness, nausea, and other symptoms.

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Answer: it is C

Explanation:

c

Answer:

The velocity of sound in air is dependent on several factors, including temperature, pressure, and humidity. At a temperature of 38°C (100.4°F), the average velocity of sound in air is approximately 343 meters per second (m/s). However, it is important to note that this is just an approximation and the actual velocity can vary depending on the specific conditions. To get a more precise value, you may need to consider the effect of pressure, humidity, and other factors.

Since the configuration is such that we call it sinister (left). That inspired the name.

The stereochemistry has to do with the study of the arrangement of the atoms and the groups that are in a compound. In this case, we can see that the compound that we have in the question has an (S) configuration and the meaning of this is that we can be able to arrange the priority groups from the left hand side as shown.

This can now explain to us that since the configuration is sinister then the name of the compound that is under study here can now be called Levetiracetam.

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According to Lechatliers principle, as the concentration  of HCl is decreasing, the reaction will shift to the reactant side to increase HCl, then the Keq decreases, since product concentration is decreases.

According to Lechatliers principle, when an any disorder imbalance the equilibrium of a reaction system, the system itself balances the factors and shifts to a new equilibrium.

If the concentration of any component is increased, then the reaction shifts to the direction in which it is consumed. If the concentration is decreased, the reaction shifts to the direction in which the component is produced.

Hence, as the HCl decreases, the reaction shifts to backwards direction to produce more HCl, then, concentration of reactants HCl and Mg increases, and that products and Keq decreases.

The reaction is an exothermic reaction. Hence, as the temperature is increased, the reaction shifts to the backward direction in which heat is used. Hence, reactant concentration increases, product concentration decreases, Keq also decreases.

If the temperature is reduced, the reaction shift to the forward direction. Hence, concentration of HCl, and Mg decreases but MgCl2 increases and Keq increases.

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Answer: True

Explanation:

This is the standard process for all Carbon based Combustion reactions.

The compound is burned with some quantity of Oxygen, and it reacts to form some amount of water and carbon dioxide.

A nuclear reaction is indeed a process in nuclear physics including nuclear chemistry. Therefore, the reaction is ¹³³I₅₃  +   ⁰e₋ [tex]\rightarrow[/tex] ¹³³Te₅₂.

A nuclear reaction is indeed a process in nuclear physics including nuclear chemistry wherein two nuclei, or perhaps a nucleus as well as an external quantum particle, collide to form one or even more new nuclides.

As a result, a nuclear reaction should result in the transformation with at least one nuclide. If a nuclear interacts with some other nucleus as well as particle and then separates without affecting the structure of any nuclide, this is referred to be a nucleotide interaction.

¹³³I₅₃  +   ⁰e₋ [tex]\rightarrow[/tex] ¹³³Te₅₂

Therefore, the reaction is ¹³³I₅₃  +   ⁰e₋ [tex]\rightarrow[/tex] ¹³³Te₅₂.

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Answer:

Explanation:

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between calcium oxide (CaO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) to form calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is:

CaO + CO2 -> CaCO3

From the equation, we can see that for every 1 mole of CaO, 1 mole of CO2 is needed to form 1 mole of CaCO3. If we have 5 grams of CaO, we can calculate the number of moles as follows:

5 g CaO / 56 g CaO/mol = 0.089 mol CaO

Since we need an equal number of moles of CO2, we can calculate the mass of CO2 needed as follows:

0.089 mol CO2 * 44 g CO2/mol = 3.9 g CO2

To calculate the volume of CO2 at standard temperature and pressure (STP), we need to know its molar volume, which is 24.45 L/mol. Using this, we can calculate the volume of CO2 as follows:

0.089 mol CO2 * 24.45 L CO2/mol = 2.16 L CO2

So, 5 grams of CaO will result in the formation of 5 grams of CaCO3, and the volume of CO2 produced will be 2.16 liters.

The fastest process in the reaction described in the balanced chemical equation is the production of the green chromium(III) ion in the presence of acid.

The ethanol reaction involved in a breathalyzer is a chemical reaction between ethanol (CH3CH2OH) and the yellow-orange dichromate ion (Cr2O72-). In the presence of acid, the ethanol reacts with the dichromate ion to produce green chromium(III) ion (Cr³+) and acetic acid (CH3COOH).

The reaction between ethanol and dichromate ion is used in breathalyzers to detect the presence of ethanol in a person's breath. A breathalyzer is a device used to measure the alcohol concentration in a person's breath.

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Answer:

0.0456 M

Explanation:

The concentration of glucose can be determined as follows:

Step 1: Concentration of glucose in the original solution = Mass of glucose / Volume of solution = 227.9 g / (500.0 mL x 10^-3 L/mL) = 0.456 M

Step 2: Concentration of glucose in the dilute solution = Mass of glucose / Volume of dilute solution = 0.456 M x (16.8 mL x 10^-3 L/mL) / (250.0 mL x 10^-3 L/mL) = 0.0456 M

So, the concentration of glucose in the dilute solution is 0.0456 M to 4 significant figures.

ALLEN

According to Lechatliers principle, as the concentration  of HCl is decreasing, the reaction will shift to the reactant side to increase HCl, then the Keq decreases, since product concentration is decreases.

According to Lechatliers principle, when an any disorder imbalance the equilibrium of a reaction system, the system itself balances the factors and shifts to a new equilibrium.

If the concentration of any component is increased, then the reaction shifts to the direction in which it is consumed. If the concentration is decreased, the reaction shifts to the direction in which the component is produced.

Hence, as the HCl decreases, the reaction shifts to backwards direction to produce more HCl, then, concentration of reactants HCl and Mg increases, and that products and Keq decreases.

The reaction is an exothermic reaction. Hence, as the temperature is increased, the reaction shifts to the backward direction in which heat is used. Hence, reactant concentration increases, product concentration decreases, Keq also decreases.

If the temperature is reduced, the reaction shift to the forward direction. Hence, concentration of HCl, and Mg decreases but MgCl2 increases and Keq increases.

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Based on given titration reaction, following are the values asked -

a) 0.3237M of the SO₃⁻ solution.

b) Permanganate solution

c) 0.008093M

Titration is a typical laboratory technique for quantitative chemical analysis used to calculate the concentration of an identified analyte.

a) Based in the reaction, 2 moles of MnO₄⁻ react with 5 moles of SO₃⁻. Moles of permanganate used in titration are:

0.02389L×0.1355mol/L = 0.003237moles of MnO₄⁻. The moles of SO₃⁻ are:

0.003237moles of MnO₄⁻ × (5 moles of SO₃⁻ / 2 moles of MnO₄⁻) = 0.008093 moles of SO₃⁻

As volume of the solution is 25.00mL, the concentration of the solution is:

0.008093 moles of SO₃⁻ / 0.02500L = 0.3237M of the SO₃⁻ solution.

b) In a titration, the solution that is in the buret (Titrant), is the solution of known concentration, for the problem, permanganate solution

c) The moles of the Mn²⁺ solution are the same of MnO₄⁻. That is:

0.003237moles. As the volume of the new solution is 400mL, the concentration of the solution is:

[ Mn²⁺] = 0.003237moles / 0.400L = 0.008093M

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The units which are used to represent the volume are mL, L, cm³, m³, etc. The volume of air in liters that you might inhale (and exhale) in 24.0 hours is 10,684.8 L.

The measure of the capacity that an object holds is generally defined as the volume. For example if a beaker can hold 100 mL of water, then its volume is said to be 100mL.

Here in minute, volume is:

15 × 0.495 = 7.42 L

In an hour, volume is:

7.42 × 60 = 445.2

In 24 hours, the volume will be:

Volume = 445.2 × 24 = 10,684.8 L

Thus the volume of air in 24 hours is 10,684.8 L.

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Answer:

Explanation:

The number of moles can be calculated by dividing the number of molecules by Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10^23 molecules/mol).

So, for 8 x 10^23 molecules of sodium, the number of moles would be:

8 x 10^23 molecules / 6.022 x 10^23 molecules/mol = 1.331 moles.

Therefore, there are 1.331 moles in 8 x 10^23 molecules of sodium.

In the reaction N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) 2NH3 (g) Hydrogen will be the limiting reagent if equal amounts of each reactant are utilized since it is required to produce ammonia at a rate of 3 moles of hydrogen for every mole of nitrogen.

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When a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen in a closed container is sparked, it can undergo a combustion reaction, also known as a flame reaction. The reaction between hydrogen and oxygen is exothermic, releasing energy in the form of heat and light.

The balanced chemical equation for the combustion of hydrogen gas (H2) in the presence of oxygen gas (O2) is:

2H2 + O2 -> 2H2O

In this reaction, two molecules of hydrogen gas react with one molecule of oxygen gas to produce two molecules of water (H2O). The release of heat and light energy is due to the formation of new bonds in the water molecules, which requires energy to break the bonds in the hydrogen and oxygen molecules. This reaction is an example of an oxidation-reduction reaction, in which hydrogen acts as the reducing agent and oxygen acts as the oxidizing agent.

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Answer:

Protein is a necessary ingredient that is important for numerous bodily functions, such as tissue growth and repair, hormone and enzyme production, and immune system maintenance. When humans eat protein, the amino acids that make up the protein are disassembled.

In the stomach, where it is combined with digestive enzymes and stomach acid, protein breakdown starts. The amino acids are separated from the protein bonds with the assistance of this combination. The small intestine then receives the resulting concoction of amino acids and peptides.

Additional digestive enzymes are released into the small intestine by the pancreas and the intestinal wall to further break down the protein into its component amino acids. The small intestine's inner wall then allows these amino acids to enter the circulation where they are then carried to various bodily cells.

Once inside the cells, amino acids can be digested to provide energy or utilised to create new proteins. To ensure that it has enough amino acids to meet its requirements, the body also controls the balance of amino acids in the bloodstream.

In conclusion, the breakdown and absorption of protein begins in the stomach when it is combined with digestive enzymes and stomach acid. Then, the process continues in the small intestine, where additional breakdown occurs, and ends with the absorption of individual amino acids into the bloodstream.

Answer: Urine

Explanation: The kidneys are the organs that clean the blood stream, they filter about a half cup of blood every minute and they remove waste and extra unnecessary water from the blood stream, with this they produce urine that would be later expelled from the body.

One atom pulls an electron from another atom during formation of an ionic bond.

Ionic bond formation results in which of the following?

The complete transfer of certain electrons from one atom to another results in the formation of an ionic connection. A negatively charged ion known as a cation results from an atom losing one or more electrons. An anion, or negatively charged ion, is created when an atom gains one or more electrons.

To make stable atoms, ions are produced. In a chemical process known as an ionic bond, ions join forces with an atom or compound that has an opposing charge in order to become stable. Atoms are bound together during chemical processes to create neutral, stable molecules.

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The length of the Burgers vector in niobium is 0.2852 nm, in silver it is 0.2897 nm, and in silicon it is 0.9405 nm.

The Burgers vector (b) is the measure of the lattice distortion associated with a dislocation in the crystal. The magnitude of the Burgers vector is equal to the magnitude of the lattice distortion associated with the dislocation. The Burgers vector is usually expressed in terms of the lattice constant (a) of the crystal.

The lattice constant (a) is the distance between adjacent lattice points in a crystal. The value of the lattice constant depends on the crystal structure and the material.

The Burgers vector for a screw dislocation in a BCC crystal is given by:

b = a × (√(3)) / 2

where a is the lattice constant. For niobium, the lattice constant is a = 0.3296 nm, so the Burgers vector is:

b = (0.3296 nm) × (√(3)) / 2 = 0.2852 nm

The Burgers vector for an edge dislocation in an FCC crystal is given by:

b = a × (√(2)) / 2

where a is the lattice constant. For silver, the lattice constant is a = 0.4086 nm, so the Burgers vector is:

b = (0.4086 nm) × (√(2)) / 2 = 0.2897 nm

The Burgers vector for a dislocation in a diamond cubic crystal is given by:

b = a × (√(3))

where a is the lattice constant. For silicon, the lattice constant is a = 0.5431 nm, so the Burgers vector is:

b = (0.5431 nm) × (√(3)) = 0.9405 nm

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The equilibrium concentrations of the gases are:

[H2] = 0.865 M, [CO2] = 0.865 M, [CO] = 1.135M ,[H2O] = 1.135 M.

The sum of the molar concentrations of the reactants (H2 and CO2) is equal to the sum of the molar concentrations of the products (CO and H2O), as expected for a reaction at equilibrium.

The equilibrium concentrations of the four gases can be determined using the equilibrium constant expression and the initial concentrations of the reactants.

The equilibrium constant expression for the reaction is:

K_eq = [CO][H2O]/[H2][CO2]

where the concentrations are in units of M (molarity).

We are given that K_eq = 0.771 at 650 degrees Celsius.

We start by setting up an ICE table (Initial, Change, Equilibrium) to determine the equilibrium concentrations:

                 H2         CO         CO  H2O

Initial 2.00 2.00 0 0

Change    -x            -x       +x     +x

Equil. 2.00-x 2.00-x x x

where "x" is the change in concentration from the initial state to the equilibrium state, and we assume that the reaction proceeds to equilibrium.

Substituting the equilibrium concentrations into the equilibrium constant expression and solving for "x", we get:

K_eq = [CO][H2O]/[H2][CO2] = x^2 / (2.00 - x)^2 = 0.771

Solving for "x" using the quadratic formula, we get:

x = 1.135 M

Therefore, the equilibrium concentrations of the gases are:

[H2] = 0.865 M

[CO2] = 0.865 M

[CO] = 1.135 M

[H2O] = 1.135 M

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Answer:

Explanation:

To find the mole fraction of silver nitrate in the solution, you need to first find the molar mass of silver nitrate and then the number of moles of silver nitrate in the solution. Here's how you can do that:

Calculate the molar mass of silver nitrate:

AgNo3 has a molar mass of 169.87 g/mol

Calculate the mass of silver nitrate in the solution:

The solution is 12.0% by mass silver nitrate, so the mass of silver nitrate in 100 mL of the solution is:

mass of AgNO3 = 100 mL * 0.12 g/mL = 12 g

Calculate the number of moles of silver nitrate:

Number of moles of AgNO3 = mass of AgNO3 / molar mass of AgNO3

Number of moles of AgNO3 = 12 g / 169.87 g/mol = 0.0703 moles

Calculate the number of moles of the solvent (water) in the solution:

Since the density of the solution is 1.11 g/mL, the mass of 100 mL of the solution is 111 g. The mass of water in the solution is:

mass of water = 111 g - 12 g = 99 g

Since the molar mass of water is 18.015 g/mol, the number of moles of water in the solution is:

number of moles of water = 99 g / 18.015 g/mol = 5.49 moles

Calculate the mole fraction of silver nitrate:

The mole fraction of silver nitrate is the ratio of the number of moles of silver nitrate to the total number of moles in the solution:

mole fraction of AgNO3 = 0.0703 moles / (0.0703 moles + 5.49 moles) = 0.0127

So, the mole fraction of silver nitrate in the solution is 0.0127.

Answer:

0.101 M

0.1 mol/kg

0.644

Explanation:

To calculate the molarity, molality, and mole fraction of Na2SO4 in a solution, you need to know the moles of Na2SO4 in the solution and the volume or mass of the solution.

A) Molarity: Molarity (M) is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. To calculate molarity, we need to divide the number of moles of Na2SO4 by the volume of the solution in liters.

First, calculate the number of moles of Na2SO4:

mass of Na2SO4 = 755 g

molecular weight of Na2SO4 = 142 g/mol

number of moles = mass/molecular weight = 755 g / 142 g/mol = 5.34 moles

Next, calculate the volume of the solution:

mass of water = 53,100 g

density of water = 1 g/mL

volume of water = mass/density = 53,100 g / 1 g/mL = 53,100 mL = 53.1 L

Finally, calculate the molarity:

molarity = number of moles / volume of solution = 5.34 moles / 53.1 L = 0.101 M

B) Molality: Molality (m) is defined as the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. To calculate molality, we need to divide the number of moles of Na2SO4 by the mass of the solvent in kilograms.

mass of water = 53,100 g

mass of solvent in kilograms = mass in grams / 1000 g/kg = 53,100 g / 1000 g/kg = 53.1 kg

Finally, calculate the molality:

molality = number of moles / mass of solvent = 5.34 moles / 53.1 kg = 0.1 mol/kg

C) Mole fraction: The mole fraction (X) is defined as the ratio of the number of moles of solute to the total number of moles of solute and solvent in a solution. To calculate the mole fraction of Na2SO4, we need to divide the number of moles of Na2SO4 by the total number of moles of Na2SO4 and water.

number of moles of Na2SO4 = 5.34 moles

number of moles of water = 53.1 kg * 1000 g/kg / 18.015 g/mol = 2.96 moles

total number of moles = number of moles of Na2SO4 + number of moles of water = 5.34 moles + 2.96 moles = 8.30 moles

Finally, calculate the mole fraction:

mole fraction of Na2SO4 = number of moles of Na2SO4 / total number of moles = 5.34 moles / 8.30 moles = 0.644

The molarity of Na2SO4 in the solution is 0.101 M, the molality is 0.1 mol/kg, and the mole fraction of Na2SO4 is 0.644.