Metal hydroxides are created when the water reacts with the oxidized forms of active metals, such as CaO.
What occurs when water and a metal oxide combine?The basic-natured metal hydroxides are created when metal oxides and water react. The energy released during these reactions is substantial. An example reaction is the formation of calcium hydroxide, a basic solution, when calcium oxide and water are combined.Metals that are actively occurring are very reactive. Metal hydroxides are created when the active metals' oxides and water react. example: Calcium hydroxide is produced when calcium oxide combines with water.Metal hydroxides are created when the water reacts with the oxidized forms of active metals, such as CaO.To learn more about metal oxide refer to:
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What is the mole of 2 H2O?.
Answer:
2H2O have water = 2×2=4moles.
Explanation:
(◕ᴗ◕✿)(◕ᴗ◕✿)(◕ᴗ◕✿)
What will be the kinetic energy of a boy of mass 50 kg driving a bike with velocity of 2 ms 1?.
The kinetic energy of a boy with a mass of 50 kg driving a bike at a velocity of 2 m/s is 20 J (Joules).
The kinetic energy of an object is the energy it possesses due to its motion. It is calculated by using the formula KE = 0.5 * m * v^2, where m is the mass of the object in kilograms and v is its velocity in meters per second.
So, for a boy of mass 50 kg driving a bike with a velocity of 2 m/s, the kinetic energy can be calculated as follows:
KE = 1/2 * 50 kg * (2 m/s)^2
KE = 20 J
It's worth noting that kinetic energy is a scalar quantity and has no direction, so the velocity's direction does not affect the calculation. Additionally, the unit of kinetic energy is Joule (J) which is the SI unit of energy. Also, it's worth noting that this is a very small amount of energy, and it's unlikely that the boy would be able to do much work with it.
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how are solar eruptions influenced by the sunspot cycle
changes in the Sun's magnetism produce a greater number of sunspots, more energy and cause solar eruptions of particles
describe the process of triangulation to locate an epicenter.
The process of triangulation to locate an epicenter are as follows.
What is triangulation?
Triangulation is a method used in surveying, navigation, and geography to determine the location of a point by measuring angles to it from known points at either end of a fixed baseline, rather than measuring distances to the point directly. This can be done by measuring angles to the point from two or more fixed locations, and then using trigonometry to calculate the position of the point.
Here is the general process of triangulation to locate an epicenter:
Seismographs, which are instruments that measure ground motion, are set up in different locations around the area of the earthquake.The time at which the earthquake's seismic waves are recorded by each seismograph is noted.Using the time difference between when the seismic waves were recorded at each seismograph, the distance from the epicenter to each seismograph can be calculated.These distances, along with the location of each seismograph, are then used to triangulate the location of the epicenter.This process can be done mathematically, by creating circles with radius equal to the calculated distance from the epicenter to each seismograph and finding the point at which the circles intersect.The intersection point is the estimated location of the epicenter.By following the above ways you can use the process of triangulation to locate an epicenter.
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In metals, the valence electrons are considered to be
In metals, the valence electrons are considered to be continually moving from one atom to another and are not associated with any specific pair of atoms.
Metallic solids are made up of tightly packed atoms. In most cases, each metal atom's outermost electron shell overlaps with a large number of neighboring atoms.
As a result, valence electrons are constantly moving from one atom to the next and are not associated with any specific pair of atoms. In short, unlike covalently bonded substances, valence electrons in metals are nonlocalized, allowing them to roam relatively freely throughout the crystal.
The atoms left behind by the electrons become positive ions, and their interaction with valence electrons produces the coherent and consistent or binding thrust that holds the metallic particle next to each other.
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a solution is made from 23.5 g of glycerin in 130 g of methanol at 50 °c. what is the mole fraction of methanol? round your answer to the third decimal place.
Glycerin = C3H5(OH)3
Therefore, the mole fraction of methanol is 0.941. To calculate the mole fraction of methanol, you need to know the number of moles of methanol and glycerine present in the solution.
First, we need to calculate the number of moles of methanol in the solution. To do this, we use the molar mass of methanol (32.04 g/mol)
130g / 32.04g/mol = 4.05 moles
We also need to calculate the number of moles of glycerine in the solution. To do this, we use the molar mass of glycerine (92.09 g/mol)
23.5g / 92.09g/mol = 0.2555 moles
The mole fraction of a component is calculated by the number of moles of that component divided by the total number of moles in the solution.
Mole fraction of methanol = moles methanol / (moles methanol + moles glycerine)
= 4.05 moles / (4.05 moles + 0.2555 moles)
= 0.941
Therefore, the mole fraction of methanol is 0.941.
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what is the difference between organic and inorganic chemistry?
Inorganic chemistry is the study of the remaining (i.e., non-carbon-containing) subset of chemicals, whereas organic chemistry is defined as the study of molecules containing carbon.
The characteristics and behaviour of inorganic compounds, which include metals, minerals, and organometallic compounds, are the focus of inorganic chemistry. Chemistry that does not have a carbon-hydrogen link, such as inorganic elements and compounds that are found naturally in the earth, is known as inorganic chemistry. Life cannot exist without inorganic substances like carbon dioxide, oxygen, minerals, and water. The study of carbon-containing molecules' structure, characteristics, content, reactions, and synthesis is known as organic chemistry. The majority of organic compounds are composed of carbon and hydrogen, however they can also contain a variety of additional elements (e.g., nitrogen, oxygen, halogens, phosphorus, silicon, sulfur).
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Why do electrons stay in the electron cloud & not just fly off from around the nucleus of an atom?
The electrons stay in the electron cloud and do not fly off because of the stronger attraction to the proton.
In the electron cloud, the positive charge of the proton binds the electron from flying off since opposites attract. This allows the electrons to move around the nucleus of an atom. The nucleus is positively charged and the electrons that moves around the nucleus are negatively charged. so they attract each other. It is because the atom is so small. There are too many protons. some of the outer protons are loosely bound and more free to react with the electron. Most atoms do not have too many protons. so there is nothing for the electron to interact with. Therefore, each electron in a stable atom remains in its wavefunction shape.
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Is CH4 a nonpolar molecule?.
[tex]CH_{4}[/tex], also known as methane, is a nonpolar molecule.
This can be seen in its molecular structure, which consists of four hydrogen atoms arranged symmetrically around a single carbon atom in a tetrahedral arrangement.
The four hydrogen atoms in methane have identical electronegativities, resulting in a uniform distribution of electrons around the carbon atom, making the molecule nonpolar.
[tex]CH_{4}[/tex] is a nonpolar molecule because its four bonded hydrogen atoms arrange themselves symmetrically around the central carbon atom, so that the positive and negative charges cancel each other out. This means that the molecule has no net dipole moment, making it nonpolar.
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The denity of copper (Cu) i 8. 96 g/cm3 at 25°C. What i the ma of a piece of copper that occupie 26. 7 cm3 at thi temperature?
The mass of the piece of copper is 239.9 g
The density of a substance is a measure of its mass per unit volume. In the case of copper, its density is 8.96 g/cm3 at 25°C. This means that 1 cm3 of copper weighs 8.96 grams at 25°C.
To determine the mass of a piece of copper that occupies a certain volume, we can use the formula: mass = density x volume
In this case, the volume of the piece of copper is 26.7 cm3 and the density is 8.96 g/cm3. So we can plug these values into the formula:
mass = 8.96 g/cm3 x 26.7 cm3
By multiplying the density by the volume, we find that the mass of the piece of copper is 239.9 grams.
The final answer is 239.9 g.
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suppose that you run a reaction in ethanol to form a very non-polar organic substance. how would you extract your product?
There are a few methods through we can extract non-polar from the products (i) liquid liquid extraction (ii) solid-liquid extraction
Liquid-liquid extraction is a method for removing non-polar chemical compounds from molecules. This entails mixing the mixture containing the drug to be extracted with a non-polar solvent, such as hexane or ether. The material and the non-polar solvent will separate into layers that can be separated and collected.
The addition of a non-polar substance, such as silica gel, to the mixture will cause the non-polar organic substance to be adsorbed while the other ingredients stay in the liquid phase. This approach is known as solid-liquid extraction. The desired ingredient can then be removed from the solid by washing it with a non-polar solvent.
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rank a series of molecules by expected solubility in water based on polarity and hydrogen bonding. some slightly soluble compounds are included in this exercise. rank the organic compounds from most soluble to least soluble. to rank items as equivalent, overlap them.
The solubility in water based on polarity and hydrogen bonding is that polar compounds dissolves in the water due to the hydrogen bonding.
The polar compounds easily soluble in the water as they makes hydrogen bond with the water. Let us take an example : The order of solubility in some compounds is given as :
CH₃CH₂CH₂COOH > CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂OH > CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₂ > CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃
Carboxylic acid is more soluble in the water as it males more hydrogen bond with water as compared to the alcohol. The last one is not able to make the hydrogen bond with the water . The two types of hydrogen bonding are : intermolecular hydrogen bonding and intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
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How many molecules are in 11. 5 mol of H2O?.
There are 6.9253 x10²⁴ molecules in 11. 5 mol of H₂O
The total number of atoms or molecules in a sample can be calculated by multiplying the number of moles by the Avogadro constant. The formula is as follows:
number of molecule= moles x avogadro's number
One mole of material has 6.022x10² atoms, and equivalent volumes of various gases measured under the same conditions of temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules.
number of molecule= moles x avogadro's number
number of molecule= 11. 5 mol x 6.022x10²³
number of molecule= 6.9253 x10²⁴
Therefore, there are 6.9253 x10²⁴ moleculesin 11. 5 mol of H₂O
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How do you find the number of molecules?.
To find the number of molecules, first determine the molecular weight of the substance for one mole, then divide the molar mass value by the molecular mass, and multiply by the Avogadro constant.
The total atomic masses of an element's constituent elements make up its molecular mass. This value is also expressed in terms of atomic mass units.
to count the molecules that make up a substance.
By multiplying the number of moles by the Avogadro constant, one can get the total number of atoms or molecules in a sample. The following formula is used:
According to his law, which states that "equivalent volumes of different gases measured under the same conditions of temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules," one mole of material has 6.022x10²³ atoms.
Once the substance's molecular weight for one mole has been determined, divide the molar mass value by the molecular mass to arrive at the necessary number of molecules the multiply it by the Avogadro constant.
To determine the quantity of sulphur (S₈) molecules present in a solid sulphur of present in 16 g of solid sulphur of 16 g.
1 mole of solid sulphur (S₈)=8×32 g=256
256 g of solid sulphur contains 6.022×10²³molecules.
Then, 16 g of solid sulphur contains =6.022×10²³ x16/256 molecules =3.76375×10²² molecules.
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A sample of chemical x is found to contain 5. 0 grams of oxygen, 10. 0 grams of carbon, and 20. 0 grams of nitrogen. The law of definite proportion would predict that a 70 gram sample of chemical x should contain how many grams of carbon?.
17 grams of carbon should be present in a 61-gram sample of chemical x.
The law of definite proportions, also known as Proust's law or the law of constant composition, is a principle in chemistry that asserts a chemical compound will always contain its constituent components in a fixed ratio (by mass), regardless of its source or method of creation.
According to the law of definite proportion, regardless of quantity or source, the proportions of each element to its weight in a chemical combination will always be exactly the same value.
In the ensuing query:
The chemical X sample includes:
Oxygen content: 5.0 grams
One kilogram of carbon
• Nitrogen content: 20.0 grams
The compound's total mass is (10.0 + 5.0 + 20.0) g, which equals 35.0 g.
10/35 = 2/7 is the proportion of carbon in the compound.
As a result, the amount of carbon in 61 grammes of the sample is equal to 2/7 x 61, or 17.42 grams.
Therefore, we can infer that 17 grams of carbon should be present in a 61-gram sample of chemical x.
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Calculate the percent composition of phosphorus in magnesium phosphate.
The percent composition of phosphorus in magnesium phosphate is approximately 32.3%.
Calculate the percent composition of phosphorus in magnesium phosphate?The percent composition of phosphorus in magnesium phosphate can be determined by using the molecular formula of magnesium phosphate.The molecular formula for magnesium phosphate is Mg3(PO4)2.This formula contains three moles of magnesium (Mg) and two moles of phosphorus (P) combined with eight moles of oxygen (O).The percent composition of phosphorus can then be determined by dividing the number of moles of phosphorus (2) by the total number of moles of all elements in the compound (13), multiplied by 100.This calculation yields a percent composition of phosphorus in magnesium phosphate of 15.38%.Therefore, the percent composition of phosphorus in magnesium phosphate is 15.38%.To learn more about the percent composition of phosphorus in magnesium phosphate refer to:
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One of the variables required for the
experiment is volume of gas the
container can hold.
A sealed container held 62.8 mL of
water. What is the volume of the
container in liters?
The container has a volume of 0.0628 L.
To convert mL (milliliters) to L (liters), we need to divide by 1000 since 1 L is equivalent to 1000 mL.
Therefore, the volume of the container in liters can be calculated as follows:
Volume of container = Volume of water in mL / 1000
Volume of container = 62.8 / 1000
Volume of container = 0.0628 L
Therefore, the volume of the container is 0.0628 L.
It is important to note that when conducting experiments, it is essential to accurately measure the volume of the container as it directly impacts the results of the experiment.
In this case, knowing the volume of the container is crucial as it is one of the variables required for the experiment. Any error or imprecision in the measurement of the volume can lead to inaccurate results and potentially affect the outcome of the experiment.
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Answer: The container has a volume of 0.0628 L.
Explanation:
match the volume to the correct graduated cylinder
• 21.3 ml
• 44.5 ml
• 6.6 ml
• 24.0 ml
• 75.0 ml
• 29.5 ml
• 38.0 ml
• 2.65 ml
Gradually graduated cylinders are available in a variety of sizes, or volume capacities, and, like a measuring cup, are used to determine volume by pouring liquid to the cylinder and comparing the liquid level to the graduated scale.
How do you determine the capacity of a graded cylinder?The volume that was measured is the same as the amount of liquid that was put inside the cylinder.
Similar to weighing, determining the volume of a liquid is a fundamental and common lab procedure. Both a graduated cylinder and a burette are commonly used to measure liquid volume.
A graded cylinder is, as its name suggests, a cylindrical glass or plastic tube that is sealed at one end and has a calibrated scale etched (or marked) on its exterior.
Gradually graduated cylinders are available in a variety of sizes, or volume capacities, and, like a measuring cup, are used to determine volume by pouring liquid to the cylinder and comparing the liquid level to the graduated scale.
The volume that was measured is the same as the amount of liquid that was put inside the cylinder. As a result, the graduated cylinder and similar apparatus (volumetric flasks, Erlenmeyer flasks, and beakers) are categorized as to-contain (TC) apparatus.
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150g of 80% pure ZnCO3 is completely reacted with excess HCI to produce ZnCl2, CO₂, and H₂O.
i. Which one is limiting reactant?
ii. Calculate the mass of ZnCl₂ formed?
iii. How many molecules of water are produced?
iv. What volume of CO2 are produced if the reaction is carried out at 27°C and 760 mm of Hg pressure?
The balanced chemical equation of the given statement is-
Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
How to calculate balanced chemical equation?Zn has a molar mass of 65.38 g mol 1.
HCl has a molar mass of 36.458 g mol-1.
Calculate the moles of each reactant:
(1 mol Zn/ 65.38 g Zn) (150 g Zn) = 2.2943 mol Zn
(1 mol HCl/ 36.458 g HCl) (73 g HCl) = 2.0023 mol HCl
Because there is an excess of zinc (Zn), hydrochloric acid (HCl) must be the cause.
restricting agent.
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is the limiting agent.
The mass in molars of
136.3 g mol-1 is ZnCl2.
Cu has a molar mass of 68g mol-1.
Magnesium (Mg) being a limiting reagent results in:
(10.00 g Mg) divided by (1 mol Mg / 24.305 g Mg), (1 mol Cu / 1 mol Mg), and (68 g Cu / 1 mol Cu) yields 28.15 g.
28.15 grams of formed ZnCl2.
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compare and contrast a current through a circuit with a static discharge
Compare between a static discharge and a current flowing via a circuit, A voltage source provides a constant current to a circuit. In a static discharge, the transfer of charge happens very quickly and discontinuously.
How are static discharges and electric currents different from one another?Since the charges in static electricity are at rest and build up on the inductor's surface, this is the main distinction between static electricity and current electricity. The conductor's internal flow of electrons is what generates the current's electricity.Distinguish between a static discharge and a current flowing via a circuit. The transfer of electrons from a negative to a positive charge occurs in both cases. A voltage source provides a constant current to a circuit. In a static discharge, the transfer of charge happens very quickly and discontinuously.Compare between a static discharge and a current flowing via a circuit, A voltage source provides a constant current to a circuit. In a static discharge, the transfer of charge happens very quickly and discontinuously.To learn more about static discharge refer to:
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Find the molecular formula for a compound made up of 85.6 % carbon and 14.4%
hydrogen by mass that has a molar mass of 70.15 g/mol.
85.7 g of such carbon dioxide and 14.3 g of hydrogen are found in 100 g of the molecule. C and H have atomic weights of 12g and 1g, respectively. As a result, the compound's chemical formula is C3H6. It is an alkene with a double bond by the name of propene.
What does molecular formula mean?The chemical formula is an equation that specifies how many atoms of the each element there are in a single compound's molecule. It displays the precise amount of atoms present in a molecule. Propane, for instance, has the chemical formula C4H10. The given compound has a formula of 4 carbon elements and 10 h atoms.
A molecular formula Why is it?In a molecular formula, each sort of atom's number and composition are specified. A molecule contains atoms. No prefix is used if there is just one element of a certain kind. A subscript is added to the symbol for an atom if it contains four or more of the certain type of atom.
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A sealed container can hold 0.325 L of gas at 1.00 atm and 293 K. How many moles of gas can the container hold?
To find out how many moles of gas a container can hold, we can use the ideal gas law, which states that PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
We know that P = 1.00 atm, V = 0.325 L, and T = 293 K. We also know that the ideal gas constant R = 8.314 J/mol·K.
We can use this information to find the number of moles n in the container:
n = (PV) / (RT)
n = (1.00 atm * 0.325 L) / (8.314 J/mol·K * 293 K)
n = 0.0094 mol
So, the container can hold 0.0094 moles of gas.
What did I do wrong and how would I do this correctly?
The mass of Sodium Iodide (NaI) will react with 7.82 grams of Chlorine (Cl2) 16.49g.
What mass of Sodium Iodide?given specifications:
7.82g is the mass of chlorine gas.
Unknown:
Weight in NaI = mass / molar mass
Solution:
The following is the reaction equation:
2NaI + Cl2 becomes 2NaCl + I2.
Find the quantity of moles belonging to the identified species in order to solve this issue;
Number of Cl2 moles = 7.82 / 71
Cl2 has a molar mass of 2(35.5) = 71g/mol.
The number of moles is 0.11 moles.
from the equation for a balanced reaction;
2 moles of NaI and 2 moles of Cl2 will react.
Additionally, 0.11 moles of Cl2 and 0.11 moles of NaI will react.
Mass of NaI = 0.11 x 149.9 = 16.49g
The mass of Sodium Iodide (NaI) will react with 7.82 grams of Chlorine (Cl2) 16.49g
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The equilibrium equation below shows ammonia hydroxide NH4OH decomposing into ammonium ions NH4 and hydroxide OH ions when is a system in equilibrium 
The equilibrium constant is 1.8 × 10⁻⁵ . The equilibrium equation below shows NH₄OH +H ⇌NH₄+H₂O
Calculating the equation:
Kw= 1 × 10⁻¹⁴
K= K× K` = 1.8× 10⁻⁵
How does equilibrium work?Chemical equilibrium is the state in which the reactants and products are present at concentrations that no longer tend to change over time, so that the system's properties cannot be seen to change.When the forward reaction proceeds at the same rate as the reverse reaction, this condition occurs.In most cases, the forward and reverse reaction rates are the same, not zero.As a result, the concentrations of reactants and products do not change significantly. Dynamic equilibrium is the term for such a state.Learn more about equilibrium equation:
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How do you find the molar mass of an unknown?.
To find the molar mass of an unknown element/compound use the following steps:
Step 1: Using the chemical formula, calculate the number of atoms in each element in the compound.
Step 2: Multiply each element's atomic weight by the number of atoms in the compound.
Step 3: Total everything and assign a unit of measurement of grams/mole.
for eg: What is the molar mass of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)?
Solution: Sodium carbonate contains two sodium atoms, one carbon atom, and three oxygen atoms. The atomic weight would be
Na : 2 x 23.0 = 46
C : 1 x 12.0 = 12
O : 3 x 16 = 48
When we add the total values, we get 106 (46 + 12 + 48).
As a result, Na2CO3 has a molar mass of 106 g/mole.
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the complete question is, how do you find the molar mass of an unknown element or compound?
How much kinetic energy does a 50 kg object have if it is moving at a velocity of 2m s?.
100 Joules of kinetic energy will be produced by 50 kg of object.
The formula for kinetic energy is:
KE = 1/2 * m * v^2
where
KE = kinetic energy
m = mass of the object
v = velocity of the object
So, to find the kinetic energy of a 50 kg object moving at a velocity of 2 m/s:
KE = 1/2 * 50 kg * (2 m/s)^2
KE = 1/2 * 50 kg * 4 m^2/s^2
KE = 100 J (Joules)
So, the kinetic energy of the 50 kg object moving at a velocity of 2 m/s is 100 Joules.
It is worth noting that kinetic energy is a scalar quantity, meaning it does not have a direction.
It is also important to know that the kinetic energy of an object increases as the square of its velocity, so as the velocity increases, the kinetic energy increases rapidly.
In summary, kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion, the formula to calculate kinetic energy is 1/2 * m * v^2, where m is the mass of the object and v is the velocity of the object. In this example, a 50 kg object moving at a velocity of 2 m/s has a kinetic energy of 100 Joules.
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(15 points) How has atomic theory changed over time, and what has stayed the same? What is still believed to this day, and what is something that is changed?
Answer: As new discoveries are made, existing theories are revised or replaced.
Dalton stated that atom is matter that can not be divided.
His "plum pudding" model (1904) suggested: the electrons are embedded in the positive charge.
J. J. Thomson discovered the electron in 1897.
According to Rutherford model of the atom:
1) Atoms have their charge concentrated in a very small nucleus.
2) Major space in an atom is empty.
3) Atoms nucleus is surrounded by negatively charged particles called electrons.
4) An atom is electrically neutral.
Explanation:
which product besides radiation do radioactive atoms give off when they decay?
When a radioactive atom decays, it emits energy in the form of radiation as well as charged matter particles. These particles may be alpha or beta in nature.
The nuclei of the atoms are unstable during radioactive decay, but when they emit radiation, they become more stable. It is a nuclear reaction rather than a chemical reaction because it only involves the nuclei of atoms. One element may change into another during a nuclear reaction.
There are three types of radioactive decay: alpha, beta, and gamma decay. Both alpha and beta decay alter the number of protons in an atom's nucleus, causing the atom to change elements.
The nucleus loses two protons during alpha decay. The nucleus either loses or gains a proton during beta decay. Because there is no change in proton number in gamma decay, the atom does not become a different element.
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nebula can form either an average star, or_______ ______________. that is about the size of our sun, or a ____________ star which can be over 3 times as big as our sun!
A nebula can form either an average star, or a massive star, that is about the size of our sun, or a supergiant star which can be over 3 times as big as our sun!
What do you mean by stars?Stars are giant spheres of hot gas, primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, that generate energy through nuclear fusion reactions. They are found in vast numbers throughout the universe and are the building blocks of galaxies.
A star's energy is generated by nuclear fusion reactions that take place in its core. This energy is responsible for the star's brightness and for the formation of the various elements in the star.
Stars come in different sizes, colors, and temperatures. The size of a star is described by its mass and radius, the color of a star is determined by its temperature, with the hottest stars being blue and the coolest stars being red. The temperature of a star also determines its luminosity, that is, how bright it appears in the night sky.
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give atleast 2 importance of ecological relationship in the enviroment
Explanation:
Competition and predation are ecological relationships but are not symbiotic. Predation does not occur over a long period of time, and competition is an indirect interaction over resources.
Competition is most typically considered the interaction of individuals that vie for a common resource that is in limited supply, but more generally can be defined as the direct or indirect interaction of organisms that leads to a change in fitness when the organisms share the same resource.
In predation, one organism kills and consumes another. Predation provides energy to prolong the life and promote the reproduction of the organism that does the killing, the predator, to the detriment of the organism being consumed, the prey. Predation influences organisms at two ecological levels.
