Participatory budgeting can be successful because: It promotes transparency and accountability: Participatory budgeting allows for increased transparency in the budgeting process.
By involving a broader range of stakeholders, including employees, community members, and relevant stakeholders, it ensures that budget decisions are made in an open and accountable manner. This helps build trust and confidence in the budgeting process and the organization.
It fosters ownership and engagement: When individuals have a say in the budget decisions that affect them, they are more likely to feel a sense of ownership and engagement. Participatory budgeting empowers individuals and gives them a voice in shaping the organization's financial priorities. This can lead to increased motivation, creativity, and commitment to achieving budgetary goals.
It leverages collective intelligence: Participatory budgeting harnesses the collective intelligence and diverse perspectives of the participants. By involving individuals from different departments, levels, and areas of expertise, it allows for a more comprehensive and well-informed decision-making process. This can result in better-quality budget decisions and innovative solutions that may have been overlooked in a more top-down approach.
It enhances alignment and understanding: Through participatory budgeting, individuals gain a better understanding of the organization's financial situation, goals, and constraints. They become more aware of the trade-offs involved in budgetary decisions and the overall financial health of the organization. This alignment and understanding can help foster a culture of financial responsibility and cooperation across the organization.
It's important to note that the success of participatory budgeting also depends on effective facilitation, clear guidelines, and a supportive organizational culture. Additionally, while participatory budgeting can provide valuable input and engagement from a wide range of stakeholders, it may not be feasible or appropriate to involve everyone in every budget decision. The level of participation and decision-making authority should be determined based on the specific context and needs of the organization.
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11:30 1 Back Assignment Details (22US-1st) INTRO TO MICROECON (002) LA B C D 0 2 6 8 10 12 14 Quantity Q1 (Point 2): What is the slope of the demand curve? (Ignore the negative sign and show your work) Q2 (Point 2): What is the price elasticity of demand at point A? (Take the absolute value and show your work) Q3 (Point 2): What is the price elasticity of demand at point D? (Take the absolute value and show your work) Q4 (Point 2): Should the producer increase price at point D? Why or why not? Q5 (Point 2): Calculate the elasticity of demand using the Midpoint formula between Point A and Point D? (Take the absolute value and show your work) Submit Assignment 3 Dashboard To Do Inbox Price ($) 5432 4 Calendar Notifications 11:30 Back Assignment Details (22US-1st) INTRO TO MICROECON (002) Description The accompanying graph depicts demand. B Price ($) A 6543 ~ - C 0 2 6 8 10 12 14 Quantity Q1 (Point 2): What is the slope of the demand curve? (Ignore the negative sign and show your work) Q2 (Point 2): What is the price elasticity of demand at point A? (Take the absolute value and show your work) Q3 (Point 2): What is the price elasticity of demand at point D? (Take the absolute value and show your work) Q4 (Point 2): Should the producer increase price at point D? Why or why not? Submit Assignment 3 Dashboard To Do Inbox 1 4 Calendar Notifications
The demand curve provided in the graph represents the relationship between price and quantity demanded.
Q1: The slope of the demand curve represents the rate at which quantity demanded changes with respect to price. To calculate the slope, we can choose two points on the curve, let's say points A and C, and use the formula: slope = (change in quantity)/(change in price).
Q2: The price elasticity of demand at point A is calculated using the formula: elasticity = (percentage change in quantity demanded)/(percentage change in price). We need to determine the percentage change in quantity and price between two points close to A.
Q3: The price elasticity of demand at point D is calculated similarly to point A using the formula: elasticity = (percentage change in quantity demanded)/(percentage change in price).
Q4: Whether the producer should increase the price at point D depends on the price elasticity of demand. If the elasticity is inelastic (less than 1), increasing the price would result in a proportionately smaller decrease in quantity demanded, leading to increased revenue.
Q5: The elasticity of demand using the midpoint formula between points A and D can be calculated using the formula: elasticity = (percentage change in quantity demanded)/(percentage change in price). We need to determine the percentage change in quantity and price using the midpoint formula to calculate elasticity.
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Laurel Enterprises pays annual dividends, and the next dividend is expected to be in one year. Laurel expects earnings next year of $4.37 per share and has a 50% retention rate, which it plans to keep
Laurel Enterprises is a company that pays annual dividends, and the next dividend is expected to be in one year.
The retention rate is the portion of earnings that a company decides to retain for reinvestment rather than paying out as dividends. In this case, Laurel Enterprises has a 50% retention rate, indicating that it plans to retain 50% of its earnings.
To calculate the expected dividend per share, we can multiply the earnings per share by the retention rate:
Dividend per share = Earnings per share * Retention rate
= $4.37 * 0.50
= $2.185
Therefore, based on the given information, Laurel Enterprises is expected to pay a dividend of $2.185 per share in the next year.
It's worth noting that dividend payments are subject to various factors and can be influenced by the company's financial performance, cash flow, dividend policy, and other considerations. The provided calculation represents the expected dividend per share based on the given earnings and retention rate, but actual dividends may vary in practice.
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Your answer is partially correct. Gagnon's Autobody Ltd. repairs and paints automobiles after accidents. Indicate how the basic statement of financial position accounts of assets, liabilities, and shareholders' equity would be affected by each of the following transactions and activities: a. Gagnon's Autobody purchases new spray-painting equipment. The supplier gives the company 60 days to pay. b. The company pays for the spray-painting equipment that was purchased above. c. Supplies such as paint and putty are purchased for cash. d. The company pays for a one-year liability insurance policy. The company pays its employees for work done. f. A car is repaired and repainted. The customer pays the deductible required by her insurance policy, and the remainder of the bill is sent to her insurance company. g. Cash is collected from the customer's insurance company.
Gagnon's Autobody Ltd. is involved in various financial transactions that affect its statement of financial position: When purchasing spray-painting equipment on credit, the company's assets (equipment) increase, and its liabilities (accounts payable) also increase due to the 60-day payment period.
Paying for the spray-painting equipment results in a decrease in assets (cash) and a decrease in liabilities (accounts payable). Buying supplies like paint and putty for cash leads to an increase in assets (supplies) and a decrease in assets (cash). Paying for a one-year liability insurance policy reduces assets (cash) and increases assets (prepaid insurance).
Paying employees for their work decreases assets (cash) and reduces liabilities (salaries payable). Repairing and repainting a car increases assets (accounts receivable) when the deductible is paid by the customer and the bill is sent to her insurance company. Collecting cash from the customer's insurance company increases assets (cash) and decreases assets (accounts receivable).
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Investments in equity securities are adjusted to fair value at the end of the period. This adjustment will affect the income statement, statement of comprehensive income, statement of retained earnings and the balance sheet. (True/False)
In accounting for pension plans, the projected benefit obligation, service cost and pension plan assets are all valued at present value. (True/False)
True. True. Investments in equity securities are indeed adjusted to fair value at the end of the period, and this adjustment will impact multiple financial statements.
True.
Specifically, the adjustment to fair value will affect the income statement, as any changes in the fair value of equity securities are recognized as gains or losses in the period. It will also impact the statement of comprehensive income, as these gains or losses may be included in other comprehensive income. The adjustment will affect the balance sheet, as the fair value of the equity securities will be reflected in the assets section. Finally, the adjustment may impact the statement of retained earnings if the gains or losses from the adjustment are recognized directly in retained earnings.
True.
In accounting for pension plans, the projected benefit obligation, service cost, and pension plan assets are indeed valued at present value. The projected benefit obligation represents the estimated future pension obligations of the company, and it is valued by discounting the expected future cash flows to present value using an appropriate discount rate. The service cost, which represents the present value of the benefits earned by employees during the period, is also valued at present value. Similarly, the pension plan assets are typically reported at fair value, which represents the present value of the assets available to fund the pension obligations. Therefore, all these components of pension accounting involve the use of present value calculations.
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Review the wording of s. 24(2) of the Charter. What does
it mean to bring the administration of justice into disrepute?
Discuss how the admission or exclusion of the gun as evidence could
bring the ad
Section 24(2) of the Charter refers to the discretionary power of a court to exclude evidence if its admission would bring the administration of justice into disrepute. "Bringing the administration of justice into disrepute" means that the admission of the evidence would undermine the integrity, fairness, or public confidence in the judicial system. The impact of admitting or excluding the gun as evidence would depend on the specific circumstances of the case and whether its admission or exclusion would affect the fairness or perception of justice in the eyes of the public.
Section 24(2) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms provides a discretionary power to the court to exclude evidence if its admission would bring the administration of justice into disrepute. This provision acknowledges that even relevant and reliable evidence may be excluded if its admission would undermine public confidence in the judicial system.
To bring the administration of justice into disrepute means to harm the perception of fairness, integrity, or public confidence in the court process. It is a standard that allows the court to consider the overall impact on the administration of justice when deciding whether to admit or exclude evidence. Factors that may contribute to bringing the administration of justice into disrepute include police misconduct, violation of constitutional rights, or other circumstances that would render the trial unfair or compromise public confidence.
In the context of admitting or excluding the gun as evidence, it would depend on the specific circumstances of the case. If the gun was obtained through an illegal search or violated the accused's rights, its admission could potentially bring the administration of justice into disrepute. On the other hand, if the gun was lawfully obtained and its exclusion would significantly compromise the fairness of the trial or the search warrant's validity, its admission may be necessary to ensure justice is served.
Section 24(2) of the Charter allows the court to exclude evidence if its admission would bring the administration of justice into disrepute. This provision aims to protect the integrity and public confidence in the judicial system. The decision to admit or exclude the gun as evidence would depend on the specific circumstances of the case and whether its admission or exclusion would impact the fairness or perception of justice in the eyes of the public.
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What is the function of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002?
- It protects investors from fraud.
- It identifies new accounting software programs.
- It helps IT keep pace with accounting processes.
- It creates additional accounting degree programs.
The primary goal of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 is to safeguard investors from fraud.
In reaction to several accounting scandals, including those involving Enron and WorldCom, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002 was passed in an effort to regain the public's faith and confidence in the financial reporting of businesses. Protecting investors from dishonest practises and ensuring the quality and dependability of financial information are the main goals of SOX.
For publicly traded corporations, auditors, and corporate boards, SOX imposed a number of laws and restrictions. These consist of:
Companies must now offer more thorough and open financial statements, which gives investors a clearer picture of their financial situation.
Independent Auditing Oversight: The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) was established by the act to supervise the auditing industry and guarantee adherence to auditing standards.
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Name and explain the 5 stages of teams and groups development, and
give an example of one individual and one group issue for each
stage. (25 marks)
The five stages of team and group development, often referred to as Tuckman's model, are Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and Adjourning. Each stage represents a different phase in the team's journey toward becoming a high-functioning and cohesive unit.
Forming:
In this stage, team members come together, introduce themselves, and establish initial relationships. Individual issue: One individual issue in the forming stage could be hesitation or uncertainty about how they fit into the group and what their role is. Group issue: A group issue could be a lack of clear direction or goals, leading to confusion about the team's purpose.
Storming:
During the storming stage, conflicts and disagreements may arise as team members start expressing their opinions and asserting themselves. Individual issue: An individual issue during this stage could be difficulty in accepting differing viewpoints or feeling threatened by others' ideas. Group issue: A group issue could be power struggles or conflicts arising from differences in personalities or working styles.
Norming:
In the norming stage, team members start to resolve their conflicts and establish norms and shared values. Individual issue: An individual issue could be the fear of conforming too much and losing their individuality or voice within the group. Group issue: A group issue could be the challenge of balancing individual autonomy with collective decision-making, leading to potential conformity pressures.
Performing:
In the performing stage, the team reaches a high level of productivity and synergy, working together efficiently towards shared goals. Individual issue: An individual issue could be complacency or loss of motivation due to the team's success, leading to a decline in individual performance. Group issue: A group issue could be maintaining open communication and continued collaboration to sustain high-performance levels.
Adjourning:
In the adjourning stage, the team disbands either due to project completion or members moving on to other opportunities. Individual issue: An individual issue could be feelings of loss or sadness as team members say goodbye and transition to new roles. Group issue: A group issue could be capturing and transferring the team's knowledge and achievements to ensure a smooth transition for new teams or members.
It's important to note that the specific individual and group issues can vary based on the context, nature of the team, and individual personalities involved.
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HyunBin Enterprises is a seller of Kaisa Villa Appliances. It could sell an average of 2 units of Air fryer 4L, 3 Air Fryer 5L, 2 Air Fryer 6L, 3 Induction Stove, 3 Meat Processor and 2 Industrial Blender daily with prices P1,500.00, P1,800.00, P2,100.00, P1,400.00, P650.00 and P900.00 respectively. A monthly delivery fee from supplier of P1,500.00 is expected to pay. Assumed that Beginning and Ending inventory of all items is 4. Hyun is renting its place for P15,000.00 per month and pays for Utility Expenses such as Electricity, Water, and Telephone with Internet connectivity for P2,000.00, P200.00 and P1,700.00 per month respectively. Prepare for the following: 1. Projected Cost of Good Sold (Monthly) 2. Projected Freight-in (Monthly) 3. Present the computation for Cost of Good Sold, OPEX and Cost
1. Projected Cost of Good Sold is 618,000
2. Projected Freight-in will be P1,500.00
3. Cost of Goods Sold will be equal to P618,000 while,
Projected Freight-in is P1,500.00, OPEX = P18,900.00
and Cost is P638,400.00
1. Projected Cost of Goods Sold (Monthly)
The formula to calculate the projected cost of goods sold is:
Projected COGS = Cost of Beginning Inventory + Cost of Purchases - Cost of Ending Inventory
Where,COGS: Cost of Goods Sold
COBI: Cost of Beginning Inventory
COP: Cost of Purchases
COEI: Cost of Ending Inventory
The table below shows the computation for the cost of goods sold:
Units Daily Sales Total Monthly Sales Price Per Unit Total Monthly Sales Price
Air fryer 4L22 x 30 = 60 units601,50060 x 1,500 = 90,000
Air fryer 5L33 x 30 = 90 units901,80090 x 1,800 = 162,000
Air fryer 6L22 x 30 = 60 units602,10060 x 2,100 = 126,000
Induction stove33 x 30 = 90 units901,40090 x 1,400 = 126,000
Meat processor33 x 30 = 90 units90265090 x 650 = 58,500
Industrial blender22 x 30 = 60 units60290060 x 900 = 54,000
Total 450 616,500
Total cost of beginning inventory = Total ending inventory = (4 units each x 6 items) x Price per unit4 x 6 x 1500 = 36,000
Projected cost of purchases = Total monthly sales price + monthly delivery cost
616,500 + 1,500 = 618,000
Projected cost of ending inventory = Total ending inventory x Price per unit
4 x 6 x 1500 = 36,000
Projected COGS = COBI + COP - COEI = 36,000 + 618,000 - 36,000 = 618,000
2. Projected Freight-in (Monthly)Projected freight-in is the cost of shipping and receiving inventory, including the cost of freight charges and other expenses such as customs duties. This is computed as the monthly delivery fee from the supplier:
Projected Freight-in = Monthly delivery fee from the supplier = P1,500.00
3. Present the computation for Cost of Goods Sold, OPEX, and Cost
Projected COGS = P618,000
Projected Freight-in = P1,500.00
OPEX = Rent + Utilities = P15,000.00 + P2,000.00 + P200.00 + P1,700.00 = P18,900.00
Cost = Projected COGS + Projected Freight-in + OPEX = P618,000 + P1,500.00 + P18,900.00 = P638,400.00.
Therefore, the computation for the Cost of Goods Sold, OPEX, and Cost is as follows:
Cost of Goods Sold = P618,000
Projected Freight-in = P1,500.00
OPEX = P18,900.00
Cost = P638,400.00
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How to analyse an organisation’s position in the external
environment – both macro-environment and industry or sector
environment. (STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING) ( EXPLORING
STRATEGY)
Analyzing an organization's position in the external environment involves assessing both the macro-environment and the industry or sector environment. This process helps identify opportunities and threats that can impact the organization's strategic management and planning.
To analyze the macro-environment, it is essential to consider factors such as political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal (PESTEL) influences. This involves examining the political stability, economic conditions, social trends, technological advancements, environmental sustainability, and legal regulations that may affect the organization's operations. By understanding these external factors, organizations can identify potential risks and opportunities and adjust their strategies accordingly.
In addition to the macro-environment, analyzing the industry or sector environment is crucial. This involves assessing factors such as competitive forces, market dynamics, customer behavior, supplier power, and potential substitute products or services.
By analyzing these industry-specific factors using tools like Porter's Five Forces framework, organizations can gain insights into the intensity of competition, bargaining power of suppliers and buyers, and overall attractiveness of the industry. This analysis helps organizations understand their competitive position, identify key success factors, and develop strategies to gain a competitive advantage.
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Define what a role conflict is, and give two examples.
A role conflict occurs when an individual experiences difficulties or challenges in fulfilling the expectations or requirements of two or more roles they occupy simultaneously.
Role conflict arises when there is a clash between the expectations, demands, or obligations associated with different roles that an individual has. It can occur in various contexts, including personal life, work, or social situations. Role conflict arises when the expectations or requirements of one role make it challenging to meet the expectations or demands of another role. This conflict can lead to stress, frustration, and difficulties in effectively performing the roles.
Here are two examples of role conflict:
Work-Family Role Conflict: This type of role conflict arises when the demands and responsibilities of an individual's work or career clash with their family or personal life obligations. For instance, imagine a working parent who is expected to put in long hours at the office, attend business trips, and work during weekends. However, they also have responsibilities as a parent, such as taking care of their children, attending school events, or being present for family activities. Balancing the demands of work and family can create conflict as the individual may struggle to meet the expectations and time commitments of both roles simultaneously.Student-Athlete Role Conflict: This type of role conflict occurs when a student-athlete faces challenges in managing their academic responsibilities and athletic commitments. For example, a college student who participates in a competitive sports team may experience conflicts between attending classes, completing assignments, studying for exams, and attending sports practices or competitions. The time and energy demands of being a student and an athlete can be overwhelming, making it difficult to allocate sufficient time and effort to excel in both areas.In both examples, the conflict arises from the clash between the expectations, demands, or time commitments associated with different roles. Individuals experiencing role conflict often face difficult choices, trade-offs, and challenges in effectively meeting the requirements of each role. Managing role conflict often requires effective time management, communication, prioritization, and support systems to strike a balance and minimize the negative consequences of conflicting role expectations.
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please typing or very clear hand writing thank you .
Question 2 (10 marks) a) Sara deposited RM2,800 in an account when she was 15 years old. The simple interest rate offered was 4.2% per annum. Find the simple interest earned when she is 21 years old.
The simple interest earned by Sara when she is 21 years old, given a deposit of RM2,800 at an interest rate of 4.2% per annum, can be calculated using the formula for simple interest.
To calculate the simple interest earned, we use the formula:
[tex]\[\text{{Simple Interest}} = \frac{{\text{{Principal}} \times \text{{Rate}} \times \text{{Time}}}}{{100}}\][/tex]
Here, the principal (P) is RM2,800, the rate (R) is 4.2%, and the time (T) is the difference between Sara's current age (21 years) and the age when she made the deposit (15 years), which is 6 years.
Substituting these values into the formula, we get:
[tex]\[\text{{Simple Interest}} = \frac{{2800 \times 4.2 \times 6}}{{100}} = \frac{{7056}}{{100}} = RM70.56\][/tex]
Therefore, the simple interest earned by Sara when she is 21 years old is RM70.56.
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a. Compute the yield to maturity on a two-year discount bond with the face value of $10,000. The price of the bond is $8,000.
b. Christina bought the two-year discount bond described above. The interest rate changed to 10% within an hour of purchasing the bond. Compute the return on the bond if she sells it.
(a) To compute the yield to maturity on a two-year discount bond, we need to find the discount rate that equates the present value of the bond's cash flows to its current price. In this case, the bond has a face value of $10,000 and a price of $8,000. By solving this equation, we can determine the yield to maturity, which represents the average annual return an investor would earn if they held the bond until maturity.
(b) If the interest rate changes to 10% after Christina purchases the bond, the bond's market price will be affected. To compute the return on the bond if she sells it, we need to calculate the new price of the bond at the 10% interest rate and compare it to the purchase price. The return on the bond is then determined by the difference between the selling price and the purchase price, relative to the purchase price.
(a) To compute the yield to maturity on a two-year discount bond, we need to solve the following equation:
Price = Sum of Present Value of Cash Flows / (1 + Yield)^1 + Sum of Present Value of Cash Flows / (1 + Yield)^2 + ... + Sum of Present Value of Cash Flows / (1 + Yield)^n
In this case, the bond has a face value of $10,000 and a price of $8,000. Since it is a discount bond, there are no coupon payments, and the only cash flow occurs at maturity. Therefore, the equation simplifies to:
$8,000 = $10,000 / (1 + Yield)^2
Solving for Yield gives us the yield to maturity.
(b) If the interest rate changes to 10% after Christina purchases the bond, the new price of the bond will be affected. To calculate the new price, we discount the face value of $10,000 by the new interest rate of 10% for the remaining two years. The new price can be calculated as:
New Price = $10,000 / (1 + 0.10)^2
The return on the bond is then determined by subtracting the purchase price of $8,000 from the new selling price and dividing it by the purchase price:
Return = (New Price - Purchase Price) / Purchase Price
This represents the percentage return that Christina would earn if she sells the bond after the interest rate change.
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Consider the following model of wages. wagei = = Bo + Bieduci + B₂experi + B3marriedi + Bakidsi + €i (3) Where wage; is the wage earned by the ith individual, educ; is their years of completed education, exper; is the number of years of work experience an individual has accumu- lated, married, is a dummy variable taking a value of 1 if the individual is married and kids; is the number of children of school age the individual has caring responsibilities for. (a) Explain how a structural break in the model across genders might affect the model presented in (3). What might be the differences in two of the parameters of the model presented in (3) that you expect to see? [8 MARKS] (b) Explain how you might test whether or not there is a structural break in the model above, across gender. To implement your test you may assume that there is a dummy variable labelled "female" in the dataset. [14 MARKS] (c) How might you extend your tests above if you thought there might be structural breaks across other groups defined using dummy variables?
(a) A structural break in the model across genders would imply that the relationship between the independent variables and wages differs significantly between males and females.
This would manifest as differences in the coefficients associated with variables specific to gender, such as the coefficient for the "married" variable (B3) and the coefficient for the "kids" variable (Ba). For example, if there is a structural break, we might expect the coefficient for "married" to be larger for females compared to males, indicating a stronger positive effect of marriage on wages for women. Similarly, the coefficient for "kids" may be larger for females, suggesting a greater negative impact of having children on female wages.
(b) To test for a structural break across gender, we can use statistical tests such as the Chow test or the Bai-Perron test. These tests compare the sum of squared residuals from a restricted model (assuming no structural break) to the sum of squared residuals from an unrestricted model (allowing for a structural break). By comparing the difference in the residuals, we can determine if the structural break is statistically significant. In this case, we can specifically examine the significance of the gender dummy variable ("female") in the model to assess whether there is a significant difference in the coefficients between males and females.
(c) If we suspect structural breaks across other groups defined by dummy variables, we can extend the tests using the same methodology. For each group of interest, we can include the respective dummy variable in the model and perform the Chow test or the Bai-Perron test. This allows us to assess whether there are significant differences in the coefficients across different groups. By testing for structural breaks across multiple groups, we can gain insights into how various factors impact wages differently within distinct subgroups of the population.
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(a)
Identify what you consider to be the one most important operating
capability ratio for Australian largest independent air freight
services business and justify why you have selected this ratio.
(m
The most important operating capability ratio for Australia's largest independent air freight services business is the Revenue per Ton Mile ratio.
This ratio measures the company's ability to generate revenue based on the distance traveled by each ton of cargo transported. The Revenue per Ton Mile ratio is crucial because it directly reflects the efficiency and profitability of the air freight business. By analyzing this ratio, the company can assess its pricing strategy, operational effectiveness, and overall revenue generation.
A higher ratio indicates that the company is effectively utilizing its capacity and generating more revenue per unit of distance traveled. It demonstrates the business's ability to optimize its operations, manage costs, and deliver value to its customers. Monitoring and improving this ratio can help the air freight services business make informed decisions regarding pricing, route optimization, and resource allocation, ultimately leading to enhanced profitability and competitiveness in the market.
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QUESTION 2 An advantage of the payback period method of investment analysis is... it provides a crude measure of the riskiness of a project. O it is difficult to calculate. it treats all cash inflows equally over the investment period. O it ignores all cash inflows after payback has occurred.
One advantage of the payback period method of investment analysis is that it provides a crude measure of the riskiness of a project.
The payback period method calculates the time required to recover the initial investment in a project. It measures how quickly the cash inflows from the investment can pay back the initial investment cost. By focusing on the time it takes to recoup the investment, the payback period method indirectly provides an indication of the riskiness of the project.
A shorter payback period implies a faster recovery of the initial investment, which can be seen as a lower risk because the project starts generating positive cash flows sooner. On the other hand, a longer payback period suggests a slower recovery, indicating a higher level of risk. While the payback period method does not provide a precise measure of risk like more sophisticated methods such as net present value or internal rate of return, it still offers a rough estimate that can be helpful in initial project screening or comparison.
It is important to note that the payback period method has some limitations. It treats all cash inflows equally over the investment period, ignoring the time value of money, which can affect the accuracy of the analysis. Additionally, the payback period method completely ignores cash inflows that occur after the payback has been achieved, potentially overlooking the long-term profitability of a project. Therefore, while the payback period method has its advantages, it should be used in conjunction with other investment evaluation techniques to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the project's viability and risk.
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Money is not an economic resource because: a. money is not a free gift of nature. O b. idle money balances do not earn interest income. O c. money, as such, does not produce anything. O d. it is not s
Money is not an economic resource because it is not a free gift of nature (a), it does not earn interest income when idle (b), and it does not inherently produce anything (c).
Money is not considered an economic resource because it does not possess inherent productive qualities. Unlike natural resources or human capital, money is not a free gift of nature (a). It is a medium of exchange and a store of value, but it does not generate interest income when idle (b). Money itself does not have the ability to produce goods or services; it is a means of facilitating transactions within the economy (c). While money plays a vital role in economic activities and serves as a medium for acquiring resources, it is not classified as an economic resource because it does not possess the characteristics of natural resources, labor, or capital that directly contribute to production.
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the purpose of which loan program is to enable eligible low and moderate income rural residents to acquire modestly priced housing for their own use as a primary residence
a farm bureau financing
b rural housing service
c fha
d ginnie mae
The correct answer is option (b) which is the rural housing service. It is such a loan program that specifically aims to enable eligible low and moderate-income rural residents to acquire modestly priced housing for their own use as a primary residence.
The Rural Housing Service (RHS) is a division of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and operates various programs to support rural housing initiatives.
One of its primary programs is the Single Family Housing Guaranteed Loan Program, which assists low and moderate-income individuals or families in obtaining affordable financing for rural homes through approved lenders.
Thus, the correct answer is an option (b).
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The loan program that is designed to help eligible low and moderate-income rural residents to acquire modestly priced housing for their own use as a primary residence is the Rural Housing Service (RHS) loan program. Therefore, the correct option is (b) Rural Housing Service.What is the Rural Housing Service (RHS)?The Rural Housing Service (RHS) is a division of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). It is a loan program that aims to provide affordable housing to the rural residents of America. The RHS program has two loan programs, including the Single Family Housing Guaranteed Loan Program and the Single Family Housing Direct Home Loans program.To be eligible for the RHS loan program, you have to meet the following requirements:You must be a U.S. citizen, a U.S. non-citizen national, or a Qualified Alien.You must have a stable and dependable income source. This means that you must have a steady job with a reliable income or a verifiable source of income.You must have a good credit history, which is a minimum credit score of 640.You must not have a lot of debt, including credit card debt, student loans, or other loans.You must be able to afford the monthly mortgage payments.You must live in a rural area or a small town with a population of fewer than 20,000 people.
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QS 21-9 Materials cost variances LO P3 For the current period, Kayenta Company's manufacturing operations yield a $5,000 unfavorable direct materials price variance. The actual price per pound of material is $80; the standard price is $79.50 per pound. How many pounds of material were used in the current period? Actual pounds used pounds
The actual pounds of material used in the current period by Kayenta Company can be calculated by dividing the unfavorable direct materials price variance by the difference between the actual price per pound and the standard price per pound.
The unfavorable direct materials price variance is calculated by multiplying the actual quantity of material used by the difference between the actual price per pound and the standard price per pound. In this case, the unfavorable variance is $5,000, and the actual price per pound is $80 while the standard price per pound is $79.50.
Let's assume the actual pounds of material used is represented by the variable x. The equation to calculate the unfavorable variance can be set up as follows:
Unfavorable Variance = Actual Quantity × (Actual Price - Standard Price)
$5,000 = x × ($80 - $79.50)
Simplifying the equation:
[tex]$5,000 = x \times 0.50[/tex]
To solve for $ x, we can divide both sides of the equation by $0.50:
[tex]x = \frac{5,000}{0.50} = 10,000[/tex]
Therefore, the actual pounds of material used in the current period is 10,000 pounds.
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A small open economy with perfect capital mobility is characterized by the following equations:
=3−40 P
= ∗ − +1−
= P P∗
Assume = 60, = 11, P∗ = 6 and ∗ = 0.075. In the long run, purchasing power parity holds so that = 1 .
a) Draw and explain the MM and the PPP curves (30%)
b) What is the long run equilibrium? (20%)
Suppose we are at this long run equilibrium but now increases by 30 to 90.
c) What is the new long run equilibrium? Explain your answer using a diagram. (20%)
d) What happens to the nominal exchange rate in the short run? Draw a diagram and explain what will happen. (30%)
The nominal exchange rate should reflect the relative prices between two countries.
The Mundell Fleming model is known as the theory of the small open economy with perfect capital mobility. The theory discusses the workings of exchange rates, interest rates, and output in an economy that is affected by external factors. In the above-given equations: Y = 3 – 4.0P, where Y is the output, P is the price level R = i* - (1- τ)* - μ, where R is the interest rate, i* is the world interest rate, τ is the tax rate, and μ is the risk premium E = P / P*.
Therefore, interest rate and exchange rate are positively correlated. Purchasing power parity (PPP) is the theory that holds that exchange rates between two countries should be the same as the ratio of the price levels of each country. In other words, the nominal exchange rate should reflect the relative prices between two countries.
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0 Inefficiency can be caused in a market by the presence of O a. a lack of competition. b. externalities. O c. regulations whose costs exceed the benefits. d. All of the above are correct.
Inefficiency can indeed be caused in a market by the presence of a lack of competition, externalities, and regulations whose costs exceed the benefits. Therefore, d. All of the above are correct. Let's explore each of these factors:
a. Lack of competition: When there is limited or no competition in a market, it can lead to inefficiency. In a monopolistic or oligopolistic market structure, the absence of competitive pressures can result in higher prices, reduced product quality, and reduced incentives for innovation and efficiency improvements.
b. Externalities: Externalities occur when the production or consumption of a good or service affects third parties who are not directly involved in the transaction. Negative externalities, such as pollution or congestion, can result in market inefficiencies as the costs imposed on society are not accounted for in the market transactions.
c. Regulations whose costs exceed the benefits: Regulations are often implemented to address market failures and protect public interests. However, if regulations are excessive or poorly designed, they can create inefficiencies by imposing unnecessary costs on businesses and consumers, hindering market competition, and stifling innovation.
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Overhead Rates The total factory overhead for Bardot Marine Company is budgeted for the year at $812,500, divided into two departments: Fabrication, $617,500, and Assembly, $195,000. Bardot Marine manufactures two types of boats: speedboats and bass boats. The speedboats require two direct labor hours in Fabrication and two direct labor hours in Assembly. The bass boats require three direct labor hours in Fabrication and one direct labor hour in Assembly. Each product is budgeted for 6,500 units of production for the year. When required, round all per unit answers to the nearest cent. a. Determine the total number of budgeted direct labor hours for the year in each department. Fabrication 19,500 direct labor hours Assembly 6,500 direct labor hours b. Determine the departmental factory overhead rates for both departments Fabrication 31.66 per di Assembly 30 per din c. Determine the factory overhead allocated per unit for each product using the department factory overhead allocation rates Speedboat: per unit Bass boat: per unit
To determine the factory overhead allocated per unit for each product, we will use the departmental factory overhead rates and the direct labor hours required for each product.
a. The total number of budgeted direct labor hours for the year in each department is as follows:
Fabrication: 19,500 direct labor hours
Assembly: 6,500 direct labor hours
b. The departmental factory overhead rates for both departments are calculated by dividing the total factory overhead for each department by the total direct labor hours:
Fabrication department:
Factory overhead rate = Fabrication overhead / Fabrication direct labor hours
Factory overhead rate = $617,500 / 19,500 direct labor hours
Factory overhead rate = $31.66 per direct labor hour (rounded to the nearest cent)
Assembly department:
Factory overhead rate = Assembly overhead / Assembly direct labor hours
Factory overhead rate = $195,000 / 6,500 direct labor hours
Factory overhead rate = $30 per direct labor hour
c. To determine the factory overhead allocated per unit for each product, we multiply the departmental factory overhead rates by the respective direct labor hours required for each product:
For the speedboats:
Fabrication overhead per unit = Fabrication factory overhead rate * Direct labor hours in Fabrication
Fabrication overhead per unit = $31.66 * 2 direct labor hours
Fabrication overhead per unit = $63.32 (rounded to the nearest cent)
Assembly overhead per unit = Assembly factory overhead rate * Direct labor hours in Assembly
Assembly overhead per unit = $30 * 2 direct labor hours
Assembly overhead per unit = $60
Total overhead per unit for speedboats = Fabrication overhead per unit + Assembly overhead per unit
Total overhead per unit for speedboats = $63.32 + $60
Total overhead per unit for speedboats = $123.32 (rounded to the nearest cent)
For the bass boats:
Fabrication overhead per unit = Fabrication factory overhead rate * Direct labor hours in Fabrication
Fabrication overhead per unit = $31.66 * 3 direct labor hours
Fabrication overhead per unit = $94.98 (rounded to the nearest cent)
Assembly overhead per unit = Assembly factory overhead rate * Direct labor hours in Assembly
Assembly overhead per unit = $30 * 1 direct labor hour
Assembly overhead per unit = $30
Total overhead per unit for bass boats = Fabrication overhead per unit + Assembly overhead per unit
Total overhead per unit for bass boats = $94.98 + $30
Total overhead per unit for bass boats = $124.98 (rounded to the nearest cent)
Therefore, the factory overhead allocated per unit for the speedboats is approximately $123.32, and for the bass boats is approximately $124.98.
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Southland Industries has $50,000 of 5% (annual interest) bonds outstanding, 1,000 shares of preferred stock paying an annual dividend of $5.00 per share, and 5,000 shares of common stock outstanding. Assuming that the firm has a 35% tax rate, compute earnings per share (EPS) for EBIT value of $36,000.
To compute earnings per share (EPS) for Southland Industries with given bond and stock information, as well as a 35% tax rate and an EBIT value of $36,000. The calculation involves determining the interest expense from the bonds and the preferred stock dividends, subtracting those from the EBIT, and dividing the result by the number of common shares outstanding to obtain EPS.
To compute the earnings per share (EPS) for Southland Industries, we need to consider the interest expense from the bonds and the preferred stock dividends.
First, we calculate the interest expense from the bonds by multiplying the bond amount ($50,000) by the interest rate (5%), resulting in $2,500.
Next, we determine the preferred stock dividends by multiplying the number of preferred shares (1,000) by the annual dividend per share ($5.00), giving us $5,000.
We subtract the interest expense and preferred stock dividends from the EBIT value ($36,000) to get the earnings available to common shareholders. In this case, it would be $36,000 - ($2,500 + $5,000) = $28,500.
Finally, we divide the earnings available to common shareholders by the number of common shares outstanding (5,000) to calculate the earnings per share (EPS). In this case, it would be $28,500 / 5,000 = $5.70 per share.
Therefore, the earnings per share (EPS) for Southland Industries, with an EBIT value of $36,000, would be $5.70.
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i
need the information about the annotated bibliography of at least 6 sources focused on the ethical
practices of the tesla comapny that I researching and focus in my
case.
Annotated bibliography is a summary of sources on a particular subject or topic that includes a list of sources, and a brief description of the contents of each source. In this case, we are focusing on the ethical practices of Tesla Company. The company has been facing several criticisms and allegations regarding its ethical practices.
Below is an annotated bibliography of six sources that will help in understanding the ethical practices of the Tesla Company.1. Ng, R. (2019). Ethics in Tesla's corporate culture: Sustainability or profit? Journal of Business Ethics, 156(4), 1027-1043.This article discusses the ethical practices and corporate culture of Tesla Company.
The paper emphasizes that Tesla's ethical practices focus more on profitability than sustainability.2. Momeni, M. (2020). Tesla: ethics and innovation in the automotive industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 243, 118501.This article evaluates the Tesla Company's ethical practices in the automotive industry.
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what+is+the+price+of+a+zero-coupon+($1,000+par+value)+bond+that+matures+in+years+has+a+promised+yield+of+ 9.5%?
The price of a zero-coupon bond with $1,000 par value and maturity period of years with a promised yield of 9.5% is $387.71.
The price of a zero-coupon bond is calculated using the following formula:Price of zero coupon bond = Par value / (1 + r)nwhere r is the promised yield and n is the number of years until maturity.Substituting the values we have, we have:Price of zero coupon bond = 1000 / (1 + 0.095)7= 1000 / 3.898275= $387.71Therefore, the price of a zero-coupon bond with $1,000 par value and maturity period of years with a promised yield of 9.5% is $387.71.
A zero-coupon bond is a debt security instrument that is sold at a discount to its face value, with the intention of paying the bondholder the full face value of the bond at maturity. The bond does not pay any interest during its life, and as such, it is also known as a discount bond.The price of a zero-coupon bond is calculated using the following formula:Price of zero coupon bond = Par value / (1 + r)nwhere r is the promised yield and n is the number of years until maturity.The formula discounts the face value of the bond back to its present value by dividing the face value by (1+r)n. The discount factor used in the formula is based on the promised yield of the bond, which is the interest rate the issuer of the bond promises to pay to the bondholder at maturity.
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a) [3 marks]: Construct a slicing tree and matrix for the following layout given below: 3 3 8 1 5 6 4 4 7 2 b) [3 marks]: Construct an alternative slicing tree for the layout given in part (a)
Constructing a slicing tree Initially, the length and width of the matrix are multiplied together to determine the total number of cells. Since there are 3 rows and 3 columns, the total number of cells is 9 (3 x 3). After that, the values in the layout are arranged in ascending.
The next level of the tree is divided in half, with 3 and 4 being placed on the left-hand side and 6, 7, and 8 being placed on the right-hand side. The final level of the tree is made up of individual values. The following is the slicing tree for the layou The main answer is a slicing tree, which is a type of binary tree. It is used in computer science to represent sequential data that is sorted into different categories. Slicing trees are used in a variety of applications, including database indexing, web search algorithms, and computer graphics Since the layout has 9 cells, a 3 x 3 matrix is created. The following is the matrix for the layout:
The first row of the matrix contains the values 3, 3, and 8.The second row of the matrix contains the values 1, 5, and 6.The third row of the matrix contains the values 4, 4, and 7.The slicing tree has been created in the following order: 5, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 1, 4, 3. These values are placed in the matrix in ascending order. Constructing an alternative slicing tree :If we select 4 as the root node in the alternative slicing tree, we can obtain the following layout The main answer is an alternative slicing tree, which is another way to sort sequential data. An alternative slicing tree can be used to sort data in a different order than the original slicing tree. The alternative slicing tree is shown below.4 is chosen as the root node, with values less than 4 on the left-hand side of the tree and values greater than 4 on the right-hand side of the tree. The slicing tree has the following structure: 4, 3, 3, 1, 2, 7, 5, 6, 8. These values are then placed in the matrix in ascending order to create the following layout:
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Gus, a project manager, had consistently monitored the schedule throughout Phase Three of the project and should use this information, along with a four-day change in the schedule, to prepare the final reports needed to close the project. a.) risks b.) impact c.) reports d.) baseline
In the given statement, to prepare the final reports needed to close the project correct answer is c.) reports.
As per the given scenario, Gus, a project manager, has monitored the project schedule consistently throughout the Phase Three of the project and he needs to use this information to prepare the final reports that are required to close the project. The reports will provide him the status of the project. Hence, the correct option would be option c.) Reports. Project reports are an essential element of project management. They provide all the necessary information about the project, including the current status, to stakeholders in order to enable them to make informed decisions. These reports give an overall summary of the project, including its progress, budget, and schedule. It's essential to prepare these reports regularly to ensure the project is on track and any changes are made in a timely manner.In addition, the project manager must report the status of the project to stakeholders regularly, particularly if there have been any changes to the schedule. Gus has done the same in the given scenario and he should use the information he has collected to prepare the final reports that are needed to close the project. The reports will show the progress of the project, the changes made to the schedule and how they have impacted the project, as well as any risks that may have arisen along the way. Therefore, reports are an important element in project management, as they allow stakeholders to have a clear understanding of the project status.
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Suppose the wage rate is $15 per hour and the rental rate of capital is $10 per hour. If the marginal product of labor is 60 and the marginal product of capital 10, the profit maximizing firm should:
A. hire more labor and less capital.
B. maintain its current input mix of capital and labor.
C. employ more of both capital and labor.
D. utilize more capital and less labor.
This is because the marginal product of labor is greater than that of capital, which means that an additional worker would increase the productivity of the firm more than an additional unit of capital.
Given the following information: Wage rate is $15 per hour, the rental rate of capital is $10 per hour. Marginal product of labor is 60 and the marginal product of capital is 10. Therefore, the profit maximizing firm should hire more labor and less capital.What is a firm?A firm refers to an organization or an institution that sells goods and services to earn a profit.
A firm is considered as a profit-maximizing entity that is focused on optimizing the cost of production in order to achieve a profit.
A wage rate refers to the payment or compensation paid to an employee by an employer for work done in a specified period of time.
Marginal product of labor is the addition to the total production of a firm due to the employment of an additional worker. It shows the additional output produced by hiring an extra worker.
Rental rate of capital refers to the cost incurred by a firm when renting or leasing capital. It is the cost of capital per hour of use.What is profit maximization?Profit maximization is the goal of a firm to earn the highest possible profit by either minimizing costs or maximizing revenue or both. It is achieved by producing the quantity of goods and services where the marginal revenue (MR) is equal to the marginal cost (MC).
Therefore, given the information, the profit maximizing firm should hire more labor and less capital. This is because the marginal product of labor is greater than that of capital, which means that an additional worker would increase the productivity of the firm more than an additional unit of capital.
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Arthur renovated his rental property and has the following expenditures: $1,300 for removal and replacement of drywall, $400 for painting the drywall, $500 for an electrician to run cable and replace light fixtures, $150 for light bulbs, and $14,000 to replace all the tile floors. How much of the renovation will be considered an improvement if no special election is made? O $14,000 45,500 O $15,700 O $16,350
Answer in option option $16,350
Based on the information provided, the total expenditures for Arthur's rental property renovation amount to $16,350. If no special election is made, the amount considered as an improvement will be $16,350.
If no special election is made, the entire amount of $16,350 spent on renovating the rental property will be considered an improvement. This means that all the expenses incurred, including the removal and replacement of drywall, painting, electrical work, light fixtures, light bulbs, and tile floor replacement, will be classified as improvements to the property. The classification of expenses as improvements is significant because it affects how these costs are treated for tax purposes and depreciation calculations.
Improvements to a property are considered capital expenditures and are typically depreciated over a longer period of time compared to ordinary repairs and maintenance expenses. By considering the entire renovation cost as an improvement, Arthur will need to depreciate the total amount over the appropriate depreciation period specified by tax regulations. This can have implications for his tax deductions and the overall financial management of the rental property.
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0.585 You recently won a contest sponsored by a local radio station. The radio station will pay you $3,000 at the end of each of the next 14 years. Assuming an interest rate of 3%, what is the present value of this prize? Present Value of $1 Periods 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 10 0.820 0.744 0.676 0.614 0.558 11 0.804 0.722 0.650 0.527 12 0.788 0.701 0.625 0.557 0.497 13 0.773 0.681 0.601 0.530 0.469 14 0.758 0.661 0.577 0.505 0.442 15 0.743 0.642 0.555 0.481 0.417 Present Value of Annuity of $1 Periods 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 10 8.983 8.530 8.111 7.722 7.360 11 9.787 9.253 8.760 8.306 7.887 12 10.575 9.954 9.385 8.863 8.384 13 11.348 10.635 9.986 9.394 8.853 14 12.106 11.296 10.563 9.899 9.295 15 12.849 11.938 11.118 10.380 9.712 ... O A. $51,258 O B. $31,905 O C. $33.888 OD. $56,292
The present value οf the prize is $33,888. The cοrrect answer is οptiοn C: $33,888.
How to calculate the present value?Tο calculate the present value οf the prize, we need tο find the present value οf each cash flοw and then sum them up. Since the radiο statiοn will pay yοu $3,000 at the end οf each οf the next 14 years, we can use the present value οf an annuity οf $1 table at an interest rate οf 3%:
Present Value οf Annuity οf $1 fοr 14 periοds at 3% = 11.296
Nοw, we multiply the present value οf the annuity by the amοunt οf each cash flοw:
Present Value = Present Value οf Annuity οf $1 * Cash Flοw per periοd
Present Value = 11.296 * $3,000
Present Value = $33,888
Therefοre, the present value οf the prize is $33,888.
The cοrrect answer is οptiοn C: $33,888.
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The key purpose of performance appraisal is to document performance for purposes of personnel administration? True False
while documentation of performance is an important part of performance appraisal, it is not the key purpose of performance appraisal. The key purpose of performance appraisal is to help employees improve their skills and abilities and to ultimately benefit the organization.
The statement "The key purpose of performance appraisal is to document performance for purposes of personnel administration" is false. Performance appraisal is a process of evaluating an employee's work performance in order to identify strengths, weaknesses, and areas for improvement. It is a tool that is used by organizations to help their employees improve their skills and abilities. While documentation of an employee's performance is an important part of the appraisal process, it is not the key purpose of performance appraisal.There are several key purposes of performance appraisal, including:1. To provide feedback to employees on their performance: Performance appraisal provides employees with feedback on how well they are performing in their role. This feedback can help employees identify areas where they are excelling and areas where they need to improve.2. To identify training and development needs: Performance appraisal can help managers identify areas where their employees need additional training or development. This can help employees improve their skills and abilities and can ultimately benefit the organization.3. To set goals and objectives: Performance appraisal can help managers and employees set goals and objectives for the future. This can help employees stay motivated and focused on achieving their goals.4. To determine compensation and rewards: Performance appraisal can help managers determine how to compensate and reward their employees based on their performance. This can help employees feel valued and can ultimately benefit the organization as a whole.
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